FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a shampoo. More particularly, the invention
relates to a sulfate free, low temperature stable clear liquid shampoo comprising
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Shampoo is a hair care product which is mainly used for cleaning hair and scalp. It
is generally in the form of a viscous liquid. The viscous liquid is massaged into
wet hair, and creates foam that cleans up deposits of oil and dirt. The foam is then
rinsed from the hair after a few minutes, leaving the hair clean. The aim of using
shampoo is to remove the unwanted build-up of oil and dirt in the hair.
Shampoo is generally a combination of a primary surfactant with a cosurfactant
in water. Other essential ingredients include fragrance, colors,
preservatives, thickeners, salt etc. The main ingredient in a shampoo that performs
the function of cleaning the hair by removing excessive oil & dirt is a surfactant.
In almost all cases, a shampoo contains more than one surfactant. Some are
designed to improve cleaning whilst others improve foaming and rinsing
performance. The part of a surfactant molecule which is hydrophobic, surrounds
the excessive oil and dirt coating the hair and the scalp. Another part of the
surfactant molecule which is hydrophilic, is swept away by water, carrying oil and
dirt along with it.
The most commonly used primary surfactants in a shampoo are Sodium Lauryl
Sulfate (SLS) and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES). These are anionic surfactants
which contain a sulfate group. Although these surfactants are powerful foaming
agents, which aid in effective cleaning, they are potentially irritating to our scalp,
skin and eyes on prolonged exposure. The degree to which these surfactants affect
varies from person to person, i.e., some experience very minor irritation while
others have severe chemical allergic reactions (T. Agner and J. Serup, Sodium
lauryl sulfate for irritant patch testing, A dose-response study using
bioengineering methods for determination of skin irritation, J. Invest. Dermato 95,
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543-547,1990). Moreover, long term use of a shampoo containing sulfates has the
potential to cause permanent damage to our hair. In addition to this, SLS is also
known to affect the skin barrier properties (J. A. Faucher and E. D. Goddard,
Interaction of keratinous substrates with sodium lauryl sulfate. II. Permeation
through stratum corneum, J. Soc Cosmet. Chem., 29, 339-352, 1978). Along with
the monomer, micellar SLS also penetrates into the epidermis due to small
micellar size.
In view of the aforementioned drawbacks of shampoos containing sulfates, the
demand for sulfate free shampoos is increasing and the cosmetic industry is
moving towards sulfate free shampoos. A sulfate free shampoo can be formulated
using various surfactants, e.g., Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI), Sodium Lauroyl
Sarcosinate, Olefin Sulfonates, Sulfosuccinates, Carboxylates, Decyl Glucoside
etc.
In the sulfate free category, SCI is the primary surfactant of choice for its
extraordinary mildness towards hair and skin, i.e. less irritating to the skin than
harsher skin agents, such as anionic surfactants like Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS)
and Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES). In vivo and in vitro studies have proved that
SCI does not significantly reduce the barrier properties of the skin (S. Ghosh and
D. Blankschtein, Why is Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate {SCl} mild to the skin
barrier? An in vitro investigation based on the relative sizes of the SCl micelles
and the skin aqueous pores, J. Cosmet, Sci, 58, 229-244, 2007). Several factors
have been proposed to explain the mildness of SCI: (i) a lower critical micelle
concentration (CMC) value for SCI, resulting in a lower SCI monomer activity
with the skin barrier, (ii) reduced penetration of SCI into the skin barrier, and (iii)
decreased binding of SCI to proteins and lipids in the stratum corneum (SC),
which is the primary constituent of the skin barrier, resulting in a lower skin
irritation response. Owing to its excellent skin compatibility and mildness,
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI) has been used extensively in syndet bars.
However, SCI is rarely used in clear liquid shampoos because of its limited
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solubility in water (J. Z. Sun, J. W. Parr, and M. C. E. Erickson, Solubilization of
sodium cocoyl isethionate, J. Cosmet. Sci., 54, 559-568, 2003).
While formulating a clear shampoo, the ingredients are selected so as to not affect
the transparency of the shampoo. The use of SCI as a primary surfactant is
generally avoided in a clear shampoo because it imparts opacity to the system.
SCI solid noodles/ powder (85% actives) are added to a shampoo at high
temperature (>70 degrees Celsius). When the shampoo attains room temperature,
SCI molecules crystallize and make the shampoo opaque. Hence, there is a need
in the art for a shampoo formulation, containing SCI as the primary surfactant and
other appropriate co-surfactants that remains clear over a wide range of
temperature.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the inventors of the present invention have formulated a clear sulfate
free shampoo comprising SCI and co-surfactants. SCI is the primary surfactant
used in the present invention and any other surfactant used herein is referred to as
co-surfactant.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a sulfate
free clear shampoo, comprising: (a) sodium cocoyl isethionate (SCI); (b) at least
one co-surfactant; and (c) additives; wherein SCI is present in an amount in the
range from 2 to 7%, said shampoo is clear at temperatures ranging from 5 to 60
°C, and said shampoo is a non-irritant.
The additives are selected from the group consisting of chelating agents,
humectants, thickeners, conditioning agents, solubilizers, pH modifiers, colours,
preservatives, moisturizers, fragrance and water.
Further, the at least one co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of
anionic surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, cationic surfactants, and combinations thereof, and present in an
amount in the range from 0.5 to 45%.
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Still further, the chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of EDTA
disodium salt, EDTA tetrasodium, trisodium citrate, sodium gluconate,
ethylenediamine-N,N’-disuccinic acid and combinations thereof and present in an
amount in the range from 0.08 to 0.1%.
Furthermore, the humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin,
sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, edible polyhydric alcohols, and
combinations thereof, and present in an amount in the range from 1.00 to 5.00%.
Additionally, the thickener is selected from the group consisting of Carbopol,
Xanthangum, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 150 distearate
and combinations thereof and present in an amount in the range from 0.20 to 1.00
%.
The sulfate free clear shampoo of the present invention further comprises a
conditioner selected from the group consisting of cationic polymer, poly
quartenium 7, poly quartenium 10, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride,
acrylamidopropyl trimoniumchloride, polyquaternium 6 and combinations thereof,
and present in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 0.5%.
Furthermore, the solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of PEG-40,
Hydrogenated Castor oil, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, caprol micro express,
cromollient SCE, caprylyl/capryl glucoside (octyl/decyl glucoside or C8-10 alkyl
polyglucoside) and combinations thereof and present in an amount in the range
from 0 to 1%.
Still further, the pH modifier is selected from the group consisting of sodium
hydroxide, lactic acid, citric acid, triethanolamine and combinations thereof and
present in an amount in the range from 0 to 0.4%.
Still further, the preservative is selected from the group consisting of methyl
paraben, sodium methyl paraben, sodium benzoate, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben,
kathon CG and combinations thereof, and present in an amount in the range from
0.07 to 0.09%.
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Additionally, the sulfate free clear shampoo comprises panthenol as the
moisturizer and present in an amount in the range from 0 to 1%.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
Figure 1 depicts the appearance of the sulfate free clear shampoo before and after
storage for a period of 12 weeks.
Figure 1a. Initial appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) at room
temperature.
Figure 1b. Appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) after 12
weeks of storage at room temperature.
Figure 1c. Initial appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) at 5 °C.
Figure 1d. Appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) after 12
weeks of storage at 5 °C.
Figure 1e. Initial appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) at 10
°C.
Figure 1f. Appearance of a sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) after 12 weeks
of storage at 10 °C.
Figure 2. depicts the subjective reference for hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic
membrane of fertilized incubated hen’s egg.
Figure 2a. depicts the effect of physiological saline on the chorioallantoic
membrane, which is considered a non-irritant.
Figure 2b. depicts the effect of 0.5% Texapon on the chorioallantoic membrane,
which is considered a weak irritant (also classified as a non-irritant).
Figure 2c. depicts the effect of 1% Texapon on the chorioallantoic membrane,
which is considered a moderate irritant.
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Figure 2d. depicts the effect of 5% Texapon on the chorioallantoic membrane,
which is considered a strong irritant.
Figure 3 illustrates the effects of the sulfate free clear shampoo (Example 1) on
the chorioallantoic membrane at 3 min and 30 s time points.
Figures 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate the effects of the sulfate free clear shampoo
(Example 1) on the chorioallantoic membrane at 3 min time point, which are
equivalent to that of 1% Texapon, a moderate irritant.
Figures 3d, 3e, and 3f illustrate the effects of the sulfate free clear shampoo
(Example 1) on the chorioallantoic membrane at 30 s time point, which are
equivalent to that of 0.5% Texapon, a non-irritant.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention.
The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details pertaining
to the embodiments and representative methods. The illustrative examples are
described in this section in connection with the embodiments and methods
provided. The invention according to its various aspects is particularly pointed out
and distinctly claimed in the appended claims read in view of this specification
and appropriate equivalents.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the
singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context
clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition
containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should
also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including
“and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “%” or “% w/w” means the
percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition
unless otherwise specified.
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All cited references are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
Citation of any reference is not an admission regarding any determination as to its
availability as prior art to the claimed invention.
Sulfate surfactants, such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) can irritate skin because
they strip away oils from the surface of the skin. Alternatives such as SCI are
generally avoided, as they tend to crystallize at low temperatures. In order to
overcome this drawback, the inventors of the present invention have formulated a
sulfate free shampoo containing SCI, which is stable at low temperatures upto 5
°C and is also a non-irritant.
The sulfate free clear shampoo of the present invention comprises: (a) sodium
cocoyl isethionate (SCI); (b) at least one co-surfactant; and (c) additives; wherein
SCI is present in an amount in the range from 2 to 7%, said shampoo is clear at
temperatures ranging from 5 to 60 °C, and said shampoo is a non-irritant.
The additives useful in the present invention include, but not limited to, chelating
agents, humectants, thickeners, conditioning agents, solubilizers, pH modifiers,
colours, preservatives, moisturizers, fragrance and water.
Depending on the property desired, in the overall composition, one or more
suitable co-surfactants may be present. Suitable co-surfactants are those which are
reasonably stable and foam throughout a wide pH range. The surfactant may be
anionic, nonionic, amphoteric, zwitterionic, cationic, or mixtures thereof. Anionic
surfactants are primary surfactants whose hydrophilic part of the molecule carries
negative charge, the ionized moiety can be carboxylate, sulphonate or phosphate.
Examples include, but not limited to, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, taurates, sodium
lauryl sulfoacetate, sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium laureth carboxylate, and
sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate. Mixtures of anionic surfactants can also be
employed. Non-ionic surfactants which can be used in the compositions of the
present invention can be broadly defined as compounds produced by the
condensation of alkylene oxide groups (hydrophilic in nature) with an organic
hydrophobic compound which may be aliphatic or alkyl-aromatic in nature.
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Examples of suitable nonionic surfactants include PEG-4 Rapeseedamide, caproyl
methyl glucamide, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters, fatty alcohol ethoxylates,
polyethylene oxide condensates of alkyl phenols, products derived from the
condensation of ethylene oxide with the reaction product of propylene oxide and
ethylene diamine, ethylene oxide condensates of aliphatic alcohols, long chain
tertiary amine oxides, long chain tertiary phosphine oxides, long chain dialkyl
sulfoxides, and mixtures of such materials. The amphoteric surfactants useful in
the present invention can be broadly described as derivatives of aliphatic
secondary and tertiary amines in which the aliphatic radical can be a straight chain
or branched and wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic water-solubilizing group, e.g.,
carboxylate, sulfonate, sulfate, phosphate, or phosphonate. Other suitable
amphoteric surfactants are betaines, specifically cocamidopropyl betaine.
Mixtures of amphoteric surfactants can also be employed. The aforementioned cosurfactants
can be used individually or in combination. Preferably, the cosurfactants
are present in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 45%.
A chelating agent is yet another crucial ingredient found in personal care
compositions. They stabilize the composition by chelating trace metal ions, which
in the free state catalyze undesired reactions leading to the decomposition of the
active ingredients. Non-limiting examples of chelating agents used in the present
composition include EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) disodium salt,
EDTA tetrasodium salt, trisodium citrate, sodium gluconate, ethylenediamine-
N,N’-disuccinic acid, and so forth, each of which can be present either
individually or in combination, in an amount in the range from 0.08 to 0.1%.
Another component desired herein is a humectant. A humectant helps to impart
moisturizing feel to hair and may also impart desirable texture. Non-limiting
examples of humectants that can be used in the present invention include glycerin,
sorbitol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, edible polyhydric alcohols, and so
forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination, in an amount in
the range from 1.00 to 5.00%.
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Further, a shampoo typically contains some thickeners to provide desirable
consistency or viscosity. Examples of thickeners include, but not limited to,
Carbopol, Xanthangum, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 150
distearate and combinations thereof. The thickener is present in an amount in the
range from 0.20 to 1.00 %.
A “conditioner” coats the hair with a thin film that makes the hair shiny and
slippery. Hence, in order to have shiny and flowing hair, it is recommended to add
a hair conditioner to the shampoo composition. Non-limiting examples of the hair
conditioners that can be used in the present invention include cationic polymer,
poly quartenium 7, poly quartenium 10, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxy methyl
cellulose and so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination,
in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 0.5%.
Preferably, the solubilizer is present in an amount in the range from 0 to 1%. A
solubilizer is generally used to incorporate hydrophobic ingredients into a water
based product. Examples of solubilizers include, but not limited to, PEG-40,
hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, caprol micro express,
cromollient SCE, caprylyl/capryl glucoside (octyl/decyl glucoside or C8-10 alkyl
polyglucoside) and combinations thereof.
All personal care products have a preferential pH range in which performance is
highest. The pH can be adjusted by the use of suitable substrates known as pH
modifiers. Non-limiting examples of pH modifiers that can be used in the present
invention include sodium hydroxide, lactic acid, citric acid, triethanolamine, and
so forth, each of which can be used individually or in combination, in an amount
in the range from 0 to 0.4%.
A preservative is generally added to a water based product, to inhibit the
proliferation of microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and viruses. Preferably,
the sulfate free clear shampoo contains the preservative in the range of 0.07 to
0.09%. Examples of the preservative include, but not limited to, methyl paraben,
sodium methyl paraben, sodium benzoate, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben, kathon
CG and combinations thereof.
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A “moisturizer” increases the hydration of the external layer of the
skin (epidermis), by reducing evaporation. Hence, in order to keep the skin
hydrated it is recommended to add a moisturizer to the composition. Non-limiting
example of the moisturizer that can be used in the present invention includes
panthenol, which may be used preferably, in an amount in the range from 0 to 1%.
The present invention is more particularly described in the following non-limiting
examples that are intended as illustrations only since numerous modifications and
variations within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to a skilled
artisan. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages, and ratios reported in the
following examples are on a weight basis, and all reagents used in the examples
were obtained or made available from the chemical suppliers.
Examples 1 to 5.
Table 1. lists ingredients and their amounts present in the sulfate free clear
shampoo of the present invention. The unit of each value is percent weight of the
composition. Ingredients are combined and mixed by conventional means as
known by one of ordinary skill in the art.
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Table 1: Composition of sulfate free clear shampoo
Sr.No Function Ingredients 1 2 3 4 5
1 Anionic Surfactant
Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
(SCI)
4 7 4 2 5
2 Anionic Surfactant
Sodium lauryl sarcocinate,M/S
Clariant
7 0 0 10 4
3 Chelating Agent Disodium EDTA 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
4 Non-ionic surfactants Caproyl methyl Glucamide 7 0 4 0 6
5
Amphoteric
Surfactants
Cocamidopropyl betain 17 18 14 5 14
6 Humectant Glycerine 2.5 3 5 4 1
7 Thickener PEG-150 Distearate 0.9 0.2 0.5 0.7 1
8 Conditioning Agent Polyquaternium 10 0.25 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
9 Nonionic surfactant PEG-4 Rapeseedamide 1 0 0.2 6 1.5
10 Solubilizer Hydrogenated castor oil 0.6 0.6 0.5 0 0.2
11 Fragrance Perfume 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.3 0.5
12 pH modifier Citric acid 0.15 0.2 0 0.05 0.1
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13 pH modifier NaOH 0 0 0.05 0 0
14 Colour Color CI 47005 0.002952 0.002952 0.002952 0.002952 0.002952
15 Colour Color CI-15985 0.0000953 0.0000953 0.0000953 0.0000953 0.0000953
16 Preservative Kathon CG 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
17 Moisturizer Panthenol 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.6 1
18 Vehicle
Soft water (Demineralized
water)
58.51 69.51 70.36 70.86 65.31
Total 100 100 100 100 100
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Process for manufacturing sulfate free clear shampoo
A process for preparing sulfate free clear shampoos, illustrated in Examples 1 to 5
of Table 1, is provided hereinbelow.
Charge demineralized water, also called as soft water, in a high shear mixer, add
sodium cocoyl isethionate, disodium EDTA and commence heating to raise the
temperature with stirring. After that, add sodium lauryl sarcocinate,
cocamidopropyl betain, glycerin, caproyl methyl glucamide and PEG-150
distearate and continue mixing at full speed of the agitator. Mix for 10 minutes
after attaining a temperature of 80-82 °C, cool the mass to a temperature between
45-50 °C. Check the pH of the bulk at this stage. The pH should be greater than
6.0. If required, adjust the pH in the range from 6.0 - 6.5 with the help of sodium
hydroxide and citric acid. Thereafter, add polyquaternium -10 and cool to 45 °C.
Finally add preservative (Kathon CG), D-panthenol, perfume, colour, PEG-4
rapseedamide and hydrogenated castor oil with stirring and cool to room
temperature to form the sulfate free clear shampoo of the present invention.
Stability study
The sulfate free clear shampoo (example 1), was kept at ambient temperature
(Figure 1a), 5 °C (Figure 1c) and 10 °C (Figure 1e) for a period of 12 weeks. No
crystallization of SCI or phase separation was observed in the shampoo (example
1, Figure 1b, 1d and 1f).
Hen’s egg test on the chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM)
The acute irritation potential of a test substance to mucous membrane is reflected
in its effects on chorioallatoic membrane of fertilized incubated hen's egg. This
method is potential alternative to Draize’s eye irritation test.
The general intention of this assay is to assess the acute irritation potential of a
test substance to mucous membrane in analogy to the Draize’s eye irritation test.
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For this purpose, a definitive dose of the test substance is applied to the
chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized & incubated hen's egg. The
fertilized chicken eggs were incubated until embryonic day 10. After removing the
egg shell covering the air cell and cutting through the inner egg membrane, the
test formulations were applied to their chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs).
Owing to the turbid appearance of all the test formulations, end-point assessment
was performed.
Sulfate free shampoo was applied to the CAMs followed by rinsing with
physiological saline. The CAMs were then monitored closely at 30 s (Figures 3d
to 3f) and 3 min (Figures 3a to 3c) time points for any appearance of hemorrhage
and lysis of blood vessels. CAMs treated with Texapon at three different
concentrations of 0.5% (weak irritant, Figure 2b), 1% (moderate irritant, Figure
2c) and 5% (strong irritant, Figure 2d) for 5 min were used as a reference control
which served as a subjective evaluation standard. Eggs treated with physiological
saline (non-irritant, Figure 2a) for 5 min were used as negative control.
Sulfate free shampoo at 3 min time point (Figures 3a to 3c) demonstrated
moderate hemorrhage and lysis equivalent to 1 % of Texapon. However, at 30 s
time point (Figures 3d to 3f), sulfate free shampoo didn’t demonstrate any visible
hemorrhage and lysis. Hence was classified as non-irritant.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and
described, it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various other changes
and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is thereof intended to cover in the appended claims such changes and
modifications that are within the scope of the invention.

We claim:
1. A sulfate free clear shampoo, comprising: (a) sodium cocoyl isethionate
(SCI); (b) at least one co-surfactant; and (c) additives; wherein SCI is
present in an amount in the range from 2 to 7%, said shampoo is clear at
temperatures ranging from 5 to 60 °C, and said shampoo is a non-irritant.
2. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the
additives are selected from the group consisting of chelating agents,
humectants, thickeners, conditioning agents, solubilizers, pH modifiers,
colours, preservatives, moisturizers, fragrance and water.
3. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein the
at least one co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of anionic
surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, cationic surfactants, and combinations thereof, and present in
an amount in the range from 0.5 to 45%.
4. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
chelating agent is selected from the group consisting of EDTA disodium
salt, EDTA tetrasodium, trisodium citrate, sodium gluconate,
ethylenediamine-N,N’-disuccinic acid and combinations thereof and
present in an amount in the range from 0.08 to 0.1%.
5. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
humectant is selected from the group consisting of glycerin, sorbitol,
polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, edible polyhydric alcohols, and
combinations thereof, and present in an amount in the range from 1.00 to
5.00%.
6. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
thickener is selected from the group consisting of Carbopol, Xanthangum,
hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 150 distearate and
combinations thereof and present in an amount in the range from 0.20 to
1.00 %.
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7. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
conditioner is selected from the group consisting of cationic polymer, poly
quartenium 7, poly quartenium 10, guar hydroxypropyltrimonium chloride,
acrylamidopropyl trimoniumchloride, polyquaternium 6 and combinations
thereof, and present in an amount in the range from 0.1 to 0.5%.
8. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
solubilizer is selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene (20)
sorbitan mono, PEG-40, hydrogenated castor oil, polysorbate 20,
polysorbate 80, caprol micro express, cromollient SCE, caprylyl/capryl
glucoside (octyl/decyl glucoside or C8-10 alkyl polyglucoside) and
combinations thereof and present in an amount in the range from 0 to 1%.
9. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the pH
modifier is selected from the group consisting of sodium hydroxide, lactic
acid, citric acid, triethanolamine and combinations thereof and present in
an amount in the range from 0 to 0.4%.
10. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
preservative is selected from the group consisting of methyl paraben,
sodium methyl paraben, sodium benzoate, ethyl paraben, propyl paraben,
kathon CG and combinations thereof, and present in an amount in the
range from 0.07 to 0.09%.
11. The sulfate free clear shampoo, as claimed in claim 2, wherein the
moisturizer is panthenol and present in an amount in the range from 0 to
1%.