DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of pest control including resistance management to insecticides. More particularly, the present disclosure discloses a composition comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound for controlling insects, pests and mites.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the present invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Pest control management is a complex process as most pest management program involving use of series of pest management approaches. As a first line of pest control, preventive methods are adopted such as rotating between different crops, and planting pest-free rootstock. However, such preventive methods are not found to be economical and effective. Mechanical means adopted to control pests are also not found to be effective on large scale. Hence for effective pest control management pesticides are used as a last resort. Pesticides are used to kill the pests and insects which attack on crops and harm them. There are considerable benefits to pesticide use. Benefits include reduce waste of crops, land, water, time, other valuable resources, improved crop quality and increased crop yields and consequently food security, increased export revenues, and reduced international spread of disease. It has been estimated that investing around $10 billion in pesticides every year saves about $40 billion in crops.
[0004] Different kinds of pesticides have been used for crop protection. However, to improve their performance more often large doses are sprayed continuously leading resistance to that pesticide rendering such control management wasteful. In case of inefficiency of one pesticide, other pesticides are used indiscriminately to get rid of pests. Such excessive use of pesticides may lead to the destruction of biodiversity as birds, aquatic organisms and animals are under the threat of harmful pesticides for their survival. Pesticides carried with runoff water cause water pollution, leaching of pesticides downward contaminate soil and damage the cultivation site due to death or damage to microorganisms affecting the soil fertility. Excessive use of pesticides is a concern for sustainability of environment and global stability. Further, over use of pesticides induce immunotoxicity in humans, especially children may be more susceptible to the adverse effects. People who work regularly with pesticides, such as farmers, are at greater risk of cancer. Thousands of non-lethal poisonings and cancer cases each year are attributable to continuous exposure to pesticides. To overcome such problems, preparations comprising mixture of pesticides are proposed. However, the selection of appropriate pesticide and their respective dose is a complex and cumbersome process with challenges like antagonism of pesticides towards each other, induce susceptibility to various stress like stress against moisture or weather, their ineffective dose or much higher dose requirement of one or more pesticide to counter the low efficiency can adversely impact the crop growth and yield. Besides, compositions comprising mixture of pesticides due to the low and ineffective dose requiring frequent applications or high dose often result in development of resistance to the respective pesticides as well as can lead to toxicity and adversely affect the environment as well. Further, compositions may also be ineffective due to their ability to target only limited types of pests or pests with only specific feeding behavior like only chewing or sucking or piercing type pests or insects at a time.
[0005] Hence, there has been an ongoing need to provide effective pesticide composition that can overcome one or more drawbacks associated with resistance development, ability to target limited pests or insects with particular feeding mechanism, high dose, frequent applications, degradation of soil and cultivation site, damage to crops and yield of the crop.

OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0006] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition for protection of plant from insects, pests and mites.
[0007] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition that has a broad spectrum of activity against pests or insects by controlling insects, pests and mites with different feeding behavior.
[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition comprising compounds that have synergistic activity.
[0009] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a composition that may be employed for resistance management.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in Detailed Description section. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the subject matter of the present invention, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the subject matter disclosed herein.
[0011] The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising active ingredients with synergistic activity against undesirable insects, pests and mites thereby reducing dose of one or more active ingredients.
[0012] In one aspect the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a combination of: first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound.
[0013] In one aspect, the present invention relates to an insecticide composition comprising combination of:
(a) first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl] thiourea;
(b) at least one second insecticide selected from diamide or metadiamide compound;
(c) at least one third insecticide; and
(d) optionally agriculturally acceptable excipients.
[0014] In another aspect of the present invention, the at least one second insecticide is a diamide compound selected from but not limiting to chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, and tyclopyrazoflor.
[0015] In another aspect of the present invention, the second insecticide is a metadiamide compound broflanilide or the like.
[0016] In another aspect of the present invention, the at least one second insecticide is chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole and broflanilide.
[0017] In another aspect of the present invention, the at least one third insecticide is a compound belonging to a class selected from but not limiting to phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, moulting disruptors, octopamin receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors (METI), inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, tetronic or tetramic acid derivatives, isoxazolines, compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.
[0018] In another aspect of the present invention, the at least one third insecticide is a compound is selected from but not limiting to fipronil, nicofluprole, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyrimin, cycloxaprid, paichongding, guadipyr, cycloxylidin, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, pyriproxyfen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, afidopyropen, flonicamid, hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfenapyr, cyromazine, amitraz, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, rotenone, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, pyflubumidemm, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim, pyriminostrobin or bifenazate, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, dimpropyridaz, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, and acyonapyr.
[0019] In another aspect of the present invention, the at least one third insecticide compound is Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamid, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, Fipronil, Clothianidin, Lambda cyhalothrin, Abamectin, and Dimpropyridaz.
[0020] In another aspect of the present invention, the agriculturally acceptable excipient is selected from suspending agent, anti-foaming agent, anti-freezing agent, preservatives, thickeners, solvents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, wetting-spreading-penetrating agents, buffering agents, carriers, disintegrating agents and a combination thereof.
[0021] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, cyantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
[0022] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, broflanilide and at least one third insecticide.
[0023] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, chlorantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
[0024] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, tetraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
[0025] In yet another aspect the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 40% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% w/w; and at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 40% w/w of the composition.
[0026] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 10% to about 25% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected from diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 7.5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 12.5% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
[0027] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, cyantraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
[0028] In another embodiment of the present invention, first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, broflanilide in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
[0029] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, chlorantraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
[0030] In another embodiment of the present invention, the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
[0031] In yet another aspect, the present invention relates to an insecticide composition in the form of capsule suspension (CS), dispersible concentrate (DC), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion, water in oil (EO), emulsion, oil in water (EW), jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD), oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension) (OF), oil miscible liquid (OL), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), soluble concentrate (SL), water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), water soluble granule (SG), water soluble powder (SP), wettable powder (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW), Granule (GR) / Soil Applied Granules (SAG), and Controlled release granules (CR).
[0032] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition is in the form of suspo-emulsion (SE), suspension concentrate (SC), and water dispersible granule (WG or WDG).
[0033] In an aspect the present disclosure provides a composition that can be effective in resistance management in pests or insects by delaying or preventing the resistance development against the composition.
[0034] In an aspect the present disclosure provides a composition that can increase or possess the broad-spectrum activities against insects, pests and mites by targeting and controlling insects, pests and mites by controlling their feeding ability by chewing, sucking or piercing.
[0035] Other aspects of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learnt by the practice of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0036] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0037] All publications herein are incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication or patent application were specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. Where a definition or use of a term in an incorporated reference is inconsistent or contrary to the definition of that term provided herein, the definition of that term provided herein applies and the definition of that term in the reference does not apply.
[0038] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0039] In some embodiments, numbers have been used for quantifying weights, percentages, ratios, and so forth, to describe certain embodiments of the invention and are to be understood as being modified in some instances by the term “about.” The term “about” when used preceding any figure would mean + 10% of said figure. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters set forth in the written description are approximations that can vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by a particular embodiment. In some embodiments, the numerical parameters should be construed in light of the number of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding techniques. Notwithstanding that the numerical ranges and parameters setting forth the broad scope of some embodiments of the invention are approximations, the numerical values set forth in the specific examples are reported as precisely as practicable. The numerical values presented in some embodiments of the invention may contain certain errors necessarily resulting from the standard deviation found in their respective testing measurements.
[0040] Various terms as used herein are shown below. To the extent a term used is not defined below, it should be given the broadest definition persons in the pertinent art have given that term as reflected in printed publications and issued patents at the time of filing.
[0041] As used in the description herein that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0042] Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense that is as “including, but not limited to.”
[0043] The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein.
[0044] All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. “such as”) provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention.
[0045] Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified.
[0046] The description that follows, and the embodiments described therein, is provided by way of illustration of an example, or examples, of particular embodiments of the principles and aspects of the present disclosure. These examples are provided for the purposes of explanation, and not of limitation, of those principles and of the disclosure.
[0047] It should also be appreciated that the present disclosure can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a system, a method or a device. In this specification, these implementations, or any other form that the invention may take, may be referred to as processes. In general, the order of the steps of the disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention.
[0048] The headings and abstract of the invention provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
[0049] The following discussion provides many example embodiments of the inventive subject matter. Although each embodiment represents a single combination of inventive elements, the inventive subject matter is considered to include all possible combinations of the disclosed elements. Thus, if one embodiment comprises elements A, B, and C, and a second embodiment comprises elements B and D, then the inventive subject matter is also considered to include other remaining combinations of A, B, C, or D, even if not explicitly disclosed.
[0050] The terms “controlling” or “targeting” are used interchangeably and mean kill, eradicate, harm, repel or mitigate one or more species of insects, pests and mites.
[0051] The present disclosure while describing the active ingredients belonging to different chemical class also provide the class designated by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) to which the active ingredients belongs to. IRAC provides the Mode of Action (MoA) classification of insecticides, wherein the available insecticides are allocated to specific groups, based on their target site.
[0052] The present disclosure relates to a composition comprising active ingredients with synergistic activity against undesirable insects, pests and mites thereby reducing dose of one or more active ingredients or overall dose of the composition.
[0053] In one embodiment the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound.
[0054] The compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea is commonly known as diafenthiuron. According to Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC) classification this compound is placed in class 12, its mode of action is inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase.
[0055] In one embodiment at least one second insecticide is a diamide compound selected from but not limiting to chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor.
[0056] In one embodiment the second insecticide is a metadiamide compound broflanilide or the like.
[0057] In one embodiment at least one second insecticide is selected from cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole, and broflanilide.
[0058] The compound cyantraniliprole also known as 5-bromo-2-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]pyrazole-3-carboxamide belongs to class diamides and placed in class 28 according to IRAC. Its mode of action is ryanodine receptor modulation.
[0059] The compound tetraniliprole also known as 2-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)-N-[4-cyano-2-methyl-6-(methylcarbamoyl)phenyl]-5-[[5-(trifluoromethyl)tetrazol-2-yl]methyl] pyrazole-3-carboxamide belongs to chemical class diamides is placed in class 28 by IRAC. It’s mode of action is ryanodine receptor modulation.
[0060] The compound broflanilide belongs to class meta-diamides, it is also known as 3-[benzoyl(methyl)amino]-N-[2-bromo-4-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-2-fluorobenzamide. It is placed in class 30 according to IRAC. It’s mode of action is by GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulation.
[0061] In one embodiment at least one third insecticide is a compound belonging to a class selected from but not limiting to phenylpyrazole, pyrethroids, nicotinic insecticides, spinosyns, mectins, juvenile hormone mimics, chordotonal organs modulators, mite growth inhibitors, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, moulting disruptors, octopamin receptor agonists, mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors (METI), inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, tetronic or tetramic acid derivatives, isoxazolines, compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.
[0062] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class phenylpyrazole is selected from but not limiting to fipronil, nicofluprole or the like.
[0063] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class pyrethroids is selected from but not limiting to bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin.
[0064] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class nicotinic insecticides is selected from but not limiting to acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyrimin, cycloxaprid, paichongding, guadipyr, cycloxylidin, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz.
[0065] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class spinosyns is selected from but not limiting to spinosad, spinetoram.
[0066] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of mectins is selected from but not limiting to abamectin, emamectin benzoate or the like.
[0067] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of juvenile hormone mimics is selected from but not limiting to pyriproxyfen or the like.
[0068] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of chordotonal organs modulators is selected from but not limiting to pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, afidopyropen, flonicamid or the like.
[0069] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of mite growth inhibitors is selected from but not limiting to hexythiazox, etoxazole or the like.
[0070] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation is selected from but not limiting to chlorfenapyr or the like.
[0071] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of moulting disruptors is selected from but not limiting to cyromazine or the like.
[0072] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of octopamin receptor agonists is selected from but not limiting to amitraz or the like.
[0073] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitors is selected from but not limiting to fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, rotenone, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, pyflubumidemm, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim, pyriminostrobin, bifenazate or the like.
[0074] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of inhibitors of the lipid synthesis, inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase include tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from but not limiting to spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion or the like.
[0075] In one embodiment the insecticide belonging to class of isoxazolines is selected from but not limiting to fluxametamide, isocycloseram, or the like.
[0076] In one embodiment the compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is selected from but not limiting to dimpropyridaz, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, acyonapyr or the like.
[0077] In one embodiment at least one third insecticide is a compound is selected from but not limiting to fipronil, nicofluprole, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyrimin, cycloxaprid, paichongding, guadipyr, cycloxylidin, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, pyriproxyfen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, afidopyropen, flonicamid, hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfenapyr, cyromazine, amitraz, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, rotenone, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, pyflubumidemm, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim, pyriminostrobin or bifenazate, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, dimpropyridaz, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, and acyonapyr.
[0078] In one specific embodiment the at least one third insecticide compound is selected from but not limiting to lambda-cyhalothrin, clothianidin, pyriproxyfen, pyrifluquinazon, afidopyropen, flonicamid, etoxazole, fluxametamide, isocycloseram and dimpropyridaz.
[0079] The compound lambda-cyhalothrin also known as [(R)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl] (1S,3S)-3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylate belongs to chemical class pyrethroids-pyrethrins. It is placed by IRAC in class 3 and it has mode of action as Sodium channel modulation.
[0080] The compound clothianidin also known as 1-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine belonging to chemical class neonicotinoids. It is placed by IRAC under class 4. It has mode of action as nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) competitive modulation.
[0081] The compound pyriproxyfen also known as 4-phenoxyphenyl (RS)-2-(2-pyridyloxy)propyl ether belonging to chemical class pyridines. It is placed by IRAC under class 7. It has mode of action by juvenile hormone mimics.
[0082] The compound pyrifluquinazon is also known as 1-acetyl-6-(1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropan-2-yl)-3-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)-4H-quinazolin-2-one belonging to chemical class pyridine azinomethine derivative. It is placed by IRAC under class 9. It has mode of action is as chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulator.
[0083] The compound afidopyropen is also known as [(1S,2S,5S,6R,7R,9S,10S,18R)-5-(cyclopropanecarbonyloxy)-9,18-dihydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-16-oxo-14-pyridin-3-yl-11,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.8.0.02,7.012,17]octadeca-12(17),13-dien-6-yl]methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate. It belongs to chemical class pyropenes. It is placed under class 9 by IRAC. It has mode of action by chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulation.
[0084] The compound flonicamid is also known as N-(cyanomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide. It belongs to chemical class flonicamid. It is placed under class 29 by IRAC. It has mode of action by chordotonal organ modulation- undefined target site.
[0085] The compound etoxazole is also known as 4-(4-tert-butyl-2-ethoxyphenyl)-2-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-1,3-oxazole. It belongs to chemical class oxazoles. It is placed under class 10 by IRAC. It has mode of action is by mite growth inhibition affecting CHS1
[0086] The compound fluxametamide is also known as 4-[5-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)-4H-1,2-oxazol-3-yl]-N-(methoxyiminomethyl)-2-methylbenzamide. It belongs to chemical class meta-diamide. It is placed under class 30 by IRAC. It has mode of action by GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulation.
[0087] The compound isocycloseram is also known as 4-[(5RS)-5-(3,5-dichloro-4-fluorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazol-3-yl]-N-[(4RS)-2-ethyl-3-oxoisoxazolidin-4-yl]-o-toluamide, containing 80–100% of the (5S,4R)-isomer. It belongs to chemical class isooxazoline. It is placed under class 30 by IRAC. It has mode of action by GABA-gated chloride channel allosteric modulation.
[0088] The compound dimpropyridaz. is also known as 1-[(1RS)-1,2-dimethylpropyl]-N-ethyl-5-methyl-N-pyridazin-4-yl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. It belongs to chemical class pyrazole carboxamide. It is a new insecticide under development.
[0089] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 40% w/w of the composition. Preferably, in an amount ranging from about 5% to about 40% w/w, about 10% to about 40% w/w, about 15% to about 40% w/w, about 15% to about 30% w/w, about 15% to about 25% w/w, about 15% to about 20% w/w. Preferably in an amount ranging about 15% to about 40% w/w, about 15% to about 30% w/w, about 15% to about 25% w/w and about 15% to about 20% w/w of the composition.
[0090] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises at least one second insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% w/w of the composition. Preferably, in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 5% w/w, about 0.1% to about 7.5% w/w, about 0.1% to about 10% w/w, about 0.1% to about 15% w/w, about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, about 0.5% to about 7.5% w/w, about 1% to about 5% w/w, about 1% to about 7.5% w/w, about 1% to about 10% w/w of the composition. More preferably in an amount ranging about 1% to about 5% w/w, about 1% to about 7.5% w/w, about 1% to about 10% w/w, about 1% to about 15% w/w of the composition.
[0091] In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 40% w/w of the composition. Preferably, in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 30% w/w, about 0.1% to about 20% w/w, about 0.1% to about 15% w/w, about 0.1% to about 12.5% w/w of the composition, about 0.1% to about 10% w/w of the composition. More preferably in an amount ranging about 0.1% to about 20% w/w, about 0.1% to about 15% w/w, about 0.1% to about 12.5% w/w of the composition, and about 0.1% to about 10% w/w of the composition.
[0092] In one embodiment the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 40% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% w/w; and at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 40% w/w of the composition.
[0093] In one embodiment the present disclosure provides a composition comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 16% to about 20% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; and at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 10% w/w of the composition.
[0094] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the combination of first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea, the second insecticide compound Cyantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide selected from the group consisting of Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Clothianidin, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamide, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, Dimpropyridaz, Abamectin, and Lambda cyhalothrin.
[0095] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the combination of first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea, the second insecticide compound Broflanilide and at least one third insecticide compound selected from the group consisting of Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamid, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, Fipronil, Clothianidin, Lambda cyhalothrin, Abamectin, and Dimpropyridaz.
[0096] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the combination of first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea, the second insecticide compound Chlorantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide compound selected from the group consisting of Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamid, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, and Dimpropyridaz.
[0097] In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises the combination of first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea, the second insecticide compound Tetraniliprole and at least one third insecticide compound selected from the group consisting of Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamid, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, and Dimpropyridaz.
[0098] In an embodiment, the composition lowers the application rate of active compounds on the undesired plants. Based on the formulation the way of application may be selected from spraying, dusting, scattering, soaking and the like.
[0099] In an embodiment, the composition may further comprise one or more agro-chemically acceptable excipients. The excipients may be selected from wetting agents, dispersing agents, fillers, colorants, fertilizers, surfactants, tackifiers, pH regulators, anti-foaming agents, solvents, emulsifiers, solid carriers, combinations thereof and the like.
[00100] In one embodiment the wetting agent is selected from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants (as a wetting-spreading-penetrating agent) includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc.,
[00101] According to the present invention, the dispersing agent can be a conventionally available for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof. The examples of dispersing agents are alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide. In one embodiment the dispersing agent is selected from naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycol ether with ethylene oxide, tallow fatty amine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycol ether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide and the like.
[00102] In one embodiment the suspending agent is selected from aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay and the like.
[00103] In one embodiment the anti-foaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, polydimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane and the like.
[00104] In one embodiment the anti-freezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerin or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerin, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride and the like.
[00105] In one embodiment the preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof and the like.
[00106] In one embodiment the thickeners is selected from xanthan gum, PVK, carboxymethyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, gelatin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, modified starch and the like. The thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and 15 seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl 20 alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.
[00107] In one embodiment the solvent is selected from includes water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. Water soluble alcohol or lower alcohol (1-4 carbon atoms) includes-methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol. Macromolecular alcohol includes polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol etc., dihydroxy alcohol ethers includes dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combinations thereof. Paraffinic hydrocarbons, cyclohexanone, isophorone and ester solvents such as methyloleate, dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16 fatty acids, and mono-alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonates, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2-ethylhexanol and n-butanol, n-alkylpyrrolidones, fatty acid dimethyl esters, fatty acid esters, dibasic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, one or more dimethylamides, such as C8-dimethylamide, C10-dimethylamide, C12-dimethylamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, methylpyrrolidinone (NMP); dimethylformamide (DMF); dimethylisosorbide (DMI); isophorone; acetophenone; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonone; lactate esters; dimethyl and diethylcarbonates; alcohols including methanol; ethanol; iso-propanol; n-propanol; n-butanol; iso-butanol; and tert-butanol; Methyl L-lactate, 2-Ethylhexyl L-lactate, Ethyl L-lactate, n-Butyl L-lactate, Octyl phenyl ethoxylates.
[00108] In one embodiment the emulsifiers is selected from the emulsifiers containing salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkylphenoletherphosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, e.g. ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid esters, e.g. of sorbitol, and their ethoxylated derivatives, ethoxylated amines, and condensates of glycerol; and catanionic emulsifiers such as a cationic amine, optionally in combination with an alkylsulphonate or ether sulphonate or ether phosphate, alkoxylated alcohols; alkoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated vegetable oils; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; fatty acid esters of sorbitol and ethoxylated derivatives thereof; ethoxylated amines and condensates of glycerol; sulfonated alkylbenzenes in the range C11-C16 and salts thereof; alkylether sulphates; alkyletherphosphates; alkylphenoletherphosphates; or combinations thereof; salts of phosphate esters of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; salts of sulphated ethers of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; or a catanionic system, wherein a cationic amine is present in combination with an alkylsulphonate, an alkylethersulphonate, an ether sulphate, or an ether phosphate such as an alkyletherphosphate, nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene, tributyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.
[00109] In one embodiment the stabilizer is selected from butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Epichlorhydrin and the like.
[00110] In one embodiment the wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is selected from organosilicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, heptamethyl trisiloxane ethoxylate, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.
[00111] In one embodiment the buffering agent is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.
[00112] In one embodiment the carrier is selected from china clay, silica, lactose anhydrous, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, corn starch, urea, EDTA, urea formaldehyde resin, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bole, loess, talc, chalk, dolomite, limestone, lime, calcium carbonate, powdered magnesia, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, gypsum, calcium sulphate, pyrophyllite, silicates and silica gels; fertilizers such as, for example, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and urea; natural products of vegetable origin such as, for example, grain meals and flours, bark meals, wood meals, nutshell meals and cellulosic powders; and synthetic polymeric materials such as, for example, ground or powdered plastics and resins, bentonites, zeolites, titanium dioxide, iron oxides and hydroxides, aluminium oxides and hydroxides, or organic materials such as bagasse, charcoal, or synthetic organic polymers.
[00113] In one embodiment the disintegrating agent is selected from citric acid, succinic acid, sodium bicarbonate and the like.
[00114] The composition of the present invention may also comprise other active components as additives including insecticides, fungicides, pesticides, combinations thereof and the like. The composition content of these additives is not particularly limiting and may be determined by a skilled technician in the art according to the conventional protocols.
[00115] The composition of the present invention comprises active ingredients having synergistic activity thereby reducing the dose of individual ingredients or of the combination as such. Consequently, the same also helps to reduce the number of applications and duration of application of composition.
[00116] In an embodiment the present disclosure provides a composition that can be effective in resistance management in insects, pests and mites by delaying or preventing the resistance development against the composition.
[00117] In an embodiment the present disclosure provides a composition that can increase or possess the broad-spectrum activities against insects, pests and mites by targeting insects, pests and mites by controlling their feeding ability by chewing, sucking or piercing.
[00118] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a formulation comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; at least one third insecticide compound, and one or more auxiliary agent(s), and additives recognized in the art of crop protection.
[00119] In an embodiment, the formulation may be a solid or semi-solid formulation. In an embodiment, the formulation may be selected from the group comprising of capsule suspension (CS), dispersible concentrate (DC), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion, water in oil (EO), emulsion, oil in water (EW), jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD), oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension) (OF), oil miscible liquid (OL), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), soluble concentrate (SL), water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), water soluble granule (SG), water soluble powder (SP), wettable powder (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW), Granule (GR) / Soil Applied Granules (SAG), and Controlled release granules (CR).
[00120] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is selected from, suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), water dispersible granule (WG or WDG) or wettable powder (WP).
[00121] In a preferred embodiment, the formulation is a dry formulation selected from water dispersible granule (WG or WDG) or wettable powder (WP).
[00122] In an embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a process of preparing the composition or formulation comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound.
[00123] In an embodiment, the process may comprise the steps of milling, blending, drying, packaging, combinations thereof and the like.
[00124] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing the suspension concentrate (SC) formulation comprising the steps of:
(a) Step 1- 2% Gel Preparation: Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer and start the agitation. Add the required amount of preservative. Mix until homogenous mixture. Add the required amount of thickener and mix vigorously until it is fully wetted;
(b) Step 2- Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and a high shear homogenizer and start agitation. Add the required amount of ant freezing agent and mix until uniform. Add the antifoaming agent and ensure that it is well dispersed. Add the wetting and dispersing agent and mix until uniform. Ensure that the dispersing agent is fully dispersed;
(c) Step 3- Now add the active ingredient and continue agitating the vessel contents until all components get dissolved. Mill this pre-mix through a Colloid mill and subsequently through a Dyno mill to meet the specified particle size;
(d) Step 4- Now add remaining antifoaming agent to this SC mill base to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator. Mix until uniform. Add the required amount of 2% aqueous pre-gel and suspending agent and continue agitation until the formulation is homogeneous and has the target viscosity is reached;
(e) Step 5- Final product is sent for QC approval; and
(f) Step 6- After approval, material is packed in required pack sizes.
[00125] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing the suspo emulsion (SE) formulation comprising the steps of:
Step 1-2% Gel Preparation: Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer and start the agitation. Add the required amount of preservative. Mix until homogenous mixture. Add the required amount of thickener and mix vigorously until it is fully wetted.
Step 2-Oil Phase: Charge solvent into the vessel and then add active technical slowly and if required, heat it for 50?C so that technical can be dissolved in solvent and then add emulsifier.
Step 3-Charge the required quantity of water to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and a high shear homogenizer and start agitation. Add the required amount of ant freezing agent and mix until uniform. Add the antifoaming agent and ensure that it is well dispersed. Add the wetting and dispersing agent and mix until uniform. Ensure that the dispersing agent is fully dispersed.
Step 4-Now add the active ingredient and continue agitating the vessel contents until all components get dissolved. Mill this pre-mix through a Colloid mill and subsequently through a Dyno mill to meet the specified particle size.
Step 5-Now add remaining antifoaming agent to this mill base to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator. Mix until uniform.
Step 6-Now add oil phase in aqueous phase and stir for 30 minutes using homogenizer.
Step 7-Add the required amount of 2% aqueous pre-gel and also suspending agent and continue agitation until the formulation is homogeneous and has the target viscosity. Mix well.
Step 8-Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 9-After approval, material is packed in required pack sizes.
[00126] In an embodiment, the present invention relates to a process for preparing the water dispersible granule (WG/WDG) formulation comprising the steps of:
Step 1: Before starting the process, check the cleanliness of all equipment’s in plant and get approval by QC dept.
Step 2: Check the electrical connection and standardize the weighing balance.
Step 3: Take exact weight of active ingredients (technical) in blender and then add required quantity of binder & surfactants and mix it till its complete homogenization.
Step 4: Mill this homogenized Mixture till required wet sieve and post blend again for homogeneity.
Step 5: Pass the above homogenous material through Extruder for granulation.
Step 6: Now transfer the granules through Fluid Bed Dryer to remove excess moisture.
Step 7: Transfer these granules to vibro shifter.
Step 8: Collect the final material from the vibro shifter into drum.
Step 9: Finally send the sample to QC for approval and
Step 10: After approval by QC, transfer the material into different size of drums.
[00127] In another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to a method of controlling insects, pests and mites by application of an effective amount of a composition or formulation comprising composition comprising a first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound.
[00128] In yet another embodiment, the present disclosure relates to use of the composition or formulation comprising a first insecticide compound 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; at least one second insecticide selected diamide or metadiamide compound; and at least one third insecticide compound, for controlling insects, pests and mites.
[00129] In an embodiment, the composition or formulation of the present invention can be used to control the insects, pests and mites.
[00130] The major insects and pests against which the composition or formulation of the present invention can be used for controlling the same are those belonging to the order Hemiptera that may include rice leafhopper Nephotettix nigropictus, rice brown plant hopper Nilaparvata lugen, rice white backed plant hopper, Apple Mealy bug Phenococcus aceris, bean aphid Aphis fabae, black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii, citrus black scale Saissetia oleae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii, yellow scale Aonidiella citrine, citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, cotton aphid Aphis gossypii, cotton jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttla, cotton mealy bug Planococcus spp. and Pseudococcus spp., cotton stainer Dysdercus suturellus, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, cowpea aphid Aphis crassivora, grain aphid Sitobion avenae, golden glow aphid Uroleucon spp., grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus, green peach aphid Myzus persicae, greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, papaya mealy bug Pracoccus marginatus, pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari, potato aphid Myzus persicae, potato leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris, wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp.; order Lepidoptera, that may include army worm Mythimna unipuncta, asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, codling moth Cydia pomonella, croton caterpillar Achea janata, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, cabbage worm Pieris rapae, pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa zea, velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas, spotted bollworm Earias vittella, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pink stem borer Sesamia spp., tobacco leafeating caterpillar Spodoptera litura; brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza novella, Tuta absoluta.; order Coleoptera that may include apple twig borer Amphicerus spp., corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera, cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata, boll weevil Anthonomus grandis, grape flea beetle Altica chalybea, grape root worm Fidia viticola, grape trunk borer Clytoleptus albofasciatus, radish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi, rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, various species of white grubs including Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Popillia japonica or the like; order Orthoptera that may include Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca spp.; order Thysanoptera that may include Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; termites (Isoptera) that may include Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; order Heteroptera, that may include Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp.; order Hymenoptera that may include Solenopsis spp.; order Diptera that may include Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp.; order Acarina that may include Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus or the like.
[00131] In an embodiment, the composition or formulation comprising the same may be effective in the control of insects, pests and mites infesting crops, vegetation in plantation, orchards, lawns, gardens, landscapes, grassland, fallow lands, residential and industrial premises, water bodies, field bunds, and the like. The composition or formulation is non-phyto-toxic to the crop plants.
[00132] In an embodiment, the composition or formulation in accordance with the present disclosure may be applied via tank mix method or sequential application. The composition or formulation may be applied on the locus of the plant, including all plant parts, or on the soil or turf of growth. It may be applied before or after the crop seeds are planted.
[00133] The composition or formulation may be effectively used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting various crops including cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fibre crop, sugar crops, leafy vegetables, tuber crops, fruit crops; or other plants for example flowering or ornamentals plants.
[00134] In one embodiment the composition or formulation in accordance with the present invention may be effectively used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting in crops selected from but not limiting to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of plants selected from but not limiting to: including but not limited to, Cotton (Gossypium spp.),Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticumaestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum),Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linumusitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.),Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapasubsprapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermumammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold (Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).
[00135] In certain embodiment, the composition or formulation in accordance with the present invention may be used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting crops like vegetables including solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, or the like; cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, or the like; cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, or the like; asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, or the like; liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, or the like; lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, or the like; strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, or the like; other crops like flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses; fruits such as pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, or the like; stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, or the like; citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, or the like; nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, or the like; berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, or the like; grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, or the like; trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, quercus, poplar, judas tree, liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, or the like.
[00136] The composition or formulation of the present invention when used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting various crops and plants and reducing their growth, or overall yield. The composition or formulation of the present invention can effectively control and protect the plants against such insects, pests and mites and help increase yield of treated plants.
[00137] The composition or formulation of the present invention when used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting various crops and plants also increase yield by reducing or preventing the damage to the plants and increase one or more of reproductive parts of plant; number of tillers, branches and sub branches, flowers and fruits; and plant vigor.
[00138] The composition or formulation of the present invention may also improve quality for example means visual appearance, color, size, shape of: grains, fruits, fiber, flowers, tuber, bulb, rhizomes, straw, leaves and other plant parts and plant products.
[00139] The composition or formulation of the present invention when used for controlling insects, pests and mites can also help improve keeping quality of produce, increase post-harvest life, storage life, and protection from post-harvest losses.
[00140] The composition or formulation of the present invention when used for controlling insects, pests and mites can also help increase tolerance to the weather stress, moisture stress.
[00141] The composition or formulation may be effectively used as a part of overall insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies in order to help prevent or delay the incidence of resistance.
EXAMPLES
[00142] The present invention is further explained in the form of following examples. However, it is to be understood that the following examples are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the invention.
[00143] Example 1: Diafenthiuron 16%+Cyantraniliprole 4%+ Pyriproxyfen 5% SE (Suspo Emulsion)
Chemical composition Content % (w/w) Function
Diafenthiuron a.i. 16.00 Active Ingredient
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 4.00 Active Ingredient
Pyriproxyfen a.i. 5.00 Active Ingredient
Heptamethyl trisiloxane ethoxylate 4.00 Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent
Octyl phenol ethoxylate 10.00 Solvent
Sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate 4.50 Dispersing agent 1
Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymer 3.00 Dispersing agent 2
Benotnite clay 2.00 Suspending agent
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30 Antifoaming agent
1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one 0.20 Preservative
Propylene glycol 5.00 Antifreezing agent
Xanthan gum 0.20 Thickner
Diluent Water 45.80 Carrier
Total 100.00

[00144] Manufacturing Process:
Step 1:
2% Gel Preparation: Charged the required quantity of water (96 kg) to a vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer and started the agitation. Added the 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (2kg) and mixed well until homogenous mixture obtained. Added Xanthan gum (2kg) and mixed vigorously until it is fully wetted.
Step 2:
Oil Phase: Charged Octyl phenol ethoxylate (10 kg) into the vessel and then added Pyriproxyfen (5 kg). Heated the mixture for 50?C to obtain clear solution.
Step 3:
Charged 40.80 kg of water into a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and a high shear homogenizer and start agitation and added propylene glycol (5 kg) until uniform solution. To the uniform solution added heptamethyl trisiloxane ethoxylate (4 kg), sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate (4.5 kg), Polydimethyl siloxane (0.15kg), ethylene oxide blocks copolymer (3 kg), bentonite clay (2 kg) and mixed until uniform solution. Now add Diafenthiuron (16 kg) and Cyantraniliprole (4 kg) and mixed till it get completely homogenized.
Step 4:
Now added the oil phase and continued agitating the vessel contents until all components get dissolved and added the remaining quantity of Polydimethyl siloxane (0.15 kg). Milled this pre-mix through a colloid mill and subsequently, milled through a Dyno mill to meet the specified particle size.
Step 5:
Added 2% aqueous pre-gel (5 kg), and continued agitation until the formulation was homogeneous and achieved the target viscosity.
[00145] Storage stability study in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C temp. for 14 days) and at room temperature (for 12 months) shows that Diafenthiuron 16%+Cyantraniliprole 4%+Pyriproxyfen 5% SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH range, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
[00146] Example 2: Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5% +Pyrifluquinazon 4% SC (Suspension concentrate)
Chemical composition % (w/w) Function
Diafenthiuron a.i. 20.00 Active Ingredient
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 5.00 Active Ingredient
Pyrifluquinazon a.i. 4.00 Active Ingredient
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 5.00 Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent
Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde 2.00 Dispersing agent 1
Tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO 3.00 Dispersing agent 2
Bentonite clay 1.50 Suspending agent
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 0.20 Preservative
Polypropylene glycol 5.00 Antifreezing agent
Xanthan gum 0.20 Thickner
Water 53.60 Diluent Water
Total 100.00

[00147] Manufacturing Process
Step 1:
2% Gel Preparation: Charged water (96 kg) to a vessel, equipped with a high shear stirrer and started the agitation and added 2 kg 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol. The ingredients were mixed to obtain homogenous mixture. To the homogenous mixture, added 2 kg of Xanthan gum and mixed vigorously to fully wet.
Step 2:
Charged water (43.60 kg) to a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and a high shear homogenizer and start agitation. Added 5 kg of polypropylene glycol and mixed until uniform solution. 0.25 kg Polydimethyl siloxane was added to the uniform solution. Added trisiloxane ethoxylate (5.0 kg), naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde (2kg), bentonite clay (1.5 kg) and 3 kg of Tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO to the uniform solution and mixed well until the dispersing agent is fully dispersed.
Step 3:
Added Diafenthiuron (20 kg), Cyantraniliprole (5 kg) and Pyrifluquinazon (4 kg) to the vessel and continued the agitating until all components were dissolved to obtain pre-mix solution. The pre-mix solution was milled through colloid mill and subsequently through a dyno mill to obtain SC mill.
Step 4:
The remaining 0.25 kg of polydimethyl siloxane was added to the SC mill base in a vessel, equipped with bulk agitator and mixed well until uniform solution. Added the required amount of 2% aqueous pre-gel (5kg) and continued agitation until the formulation is homogeneous and has the target viscosity is reached.
[00148] Storage stability study in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C temp. for 14 days) and at room temperature (for 12 months) shows that Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Pyrifluquinazon 4% SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH range, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
[00149] Example 3: Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Emamectin benzoate 0.75% SC (Suspension concentrate)
Chemical composition % (w/w) Function
Diafenthiuron a.i. 20.00 Active Ingredient
Broflanilide a.i. 1.00 Active Ingredient
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 0.75 Active Ingredient
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 5.00 Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent
Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde 2.00 Dispersing agent 1
Tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO 3.00 Dispersing agent 2
Bentonite clay 1.50 Suspending agent
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol 0.20 Preservative
Polypropylene glycol 5.00 Antifreezing agent
Xanthan gum 0.15 Thickner
Water 60.90 Diluent Water
Total 100.00

[00150] The formulation of example 3 was prepared as per the process of working example 2 with minor non-critical variations.
[00151] Storage stability study in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C temp. for 14 days) and at room temperature (for 12 months) shows that Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Emamectin benzoate 0.75% SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, pH range, pourability, specific gravity, viscosity, particle size and anti-foaming.
[00152] Example 4: Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+ Flonicamid 5% WG (Wettable Granule / Water Dispersible Granule).
Chemical composition % (w/w) Function
Diafenthiuron a.i. 20.00 Active Ingredient
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 3.00 Active Ingredient
Flonicamid a.i. 5.00 Active Ingredient
Trisiloxane heptamethyl 5.00 Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent
Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate sodium salt 7.00 Dispersing agent I
Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.50 Dispersing agent II
Sodium sulphate anhydrous 7.00 Disintegrating agent
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.50 Antifoaming agent
Lactose anhydrous 49.00 Carrier
Total 100.00

[00153] Manufacturing Process
Step 1:
The active ingredients, Diafenthiuron (20 kg), Chlorantraniliprole (3 kg) and Flonicamid (5 kg) were weighed and added in blender. Added required quantity of Trisiloxane ethoxylate (5 kg), Alkylnaphthalene sulfonate sodium salt (7 kg), Sodium Polycarboxylate (3.5 kg), Sodium sulphate anhydrous (7 kg), Polydimethyl siloxane (0.5 kg) & Lactose anhydrous (49 kg) and mix it till its complete homogenization.
Step 2:
Mill this homogenized Mixture till required wet sieve and post blend again for homogeneity.
Step 3: Make dough of this material by spraying 5 kg of water and mix till water get uniformly distributed into the powder to make dough
Pass the above homogenous material through Extruder for granulation.
Step 4:
Now transfer the granules through Fluid Bed Dryer to remove excess 5 kg of moisture added during dough making.
Step 5: Transfer these granules to vibro shifter.
Step 6: Collect the final material from the vibro shifter into drum.
[00154] Storage stability study in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C temp. for 14 days) and at room temperature (for 12 months) shows that Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+Flonicamid 5% WG formulation complies all the in-house parameters like active ingredients content, suspensibility, wettability, wet sieve percent by mass, pH range and moisture content.
[00155] The following formulations in the table below were manufactured according to the present invention by following the above manufacturing procedures using different excipients.
Compound A-Diafenthiuron Compound B- (Second Insecticide) Compound C- (Third Insecticide) Active ingredients (%) Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
A B C
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Pyriproxyfen 16 4 5 25.00 SE
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Spiromesifen 16 4 8 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Spirotetramat 20 5 4 29.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Spiropidion 20 5 4 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Clothianidin 20 5 2.5 27.50 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Emamectin benzoate 20 5 0.8 25.80 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Afidopyropen 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Pyrifluquinazon 20 5 4 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Pymetrozine 20 5 10 35.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Flonicamid 20 5 5 30.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Isocycloseram 20 5 1 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Fluxametamide 20 5 1 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Spinosad 20 5 5 30.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Spinetoram 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Etoxazole 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Hexythiazox 20 5 2 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Fenpyroximate 20 5 2 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad 20 5 6 31.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 20 5 5 30.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Abamectin 20 5 1 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Cyantraniliprole Lambda cyhalothrin 20 5 2 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Pyriproxyfen 20 1 5 26.00 SE
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Spiromesifen 20 1 8 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Spirotetramat 20 1 4 25.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Spiropidion 20 1 4 25.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Dinotefuran 20 1 2 23.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Emamectin benzoate 20 1 0.75 21.75 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Afidopyropen 20 1 3 24.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Pyrifluquinazon 20 1 4 25.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Pymetrozine 20 1 10 31.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Flonicamid 20 1 5 26.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Isocycloseram 20 1 1 22.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Fluxametamide 20 1 1 22.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Spinosad 20 1 5 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Spinetoram 20 1 3 24.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Etoxazole 20 1 3 24.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Hexythiazox 20 1 2 23.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Fenpyroximate 20 1 2 23.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Tolfenpyrad 20 1 6 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Fipronil 20 1 5 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Clothianidin 20 1 5 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Lambda cyhalothrin 20 1 2 23.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Abamectin 20 1 0.75 21.75 SC
Diafenthiuron Broflanilide Dimpropyridaz 20 1 5 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Pyriproxyfen 16 2 5 23.00 SE
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Spiromesifen 16 2 8 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Spirotetramat 20 3 4 27.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Spiropidion 20 3 4 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin 20 3 2.5 25.50 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran 20 3 2.5 25.50 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Emamectin benzoate 20 3 0.8 23.80 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Afidopyropen 20 3 3 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Pyrifluquinazon 20 3 4 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Pymetrozine 20 3 10 33.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Flonicamid 20 3 5 28.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Isocycloseram 20 3 1 24.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Fluxametamide 20 3 1 24.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Spinosad 20 3 5 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Spinetoram 20 3 3 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Etoxazole 20 3 3 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Hexythiazox 20 3 2 25.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Fenpyroximate 20 3 2 25.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Tolfenpyrad 20 3 6 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Chlorantraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 20 3 5 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Pyriproxyfen 16 4 5 25.00 SE
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Spiromesifen 16 4 8 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Spirotetramat 20 5 4 29.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Spiropidion 20 5 4 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Clothianidin 20 5 2.5 27.50 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Dinotefuran 20 5 2.5 27.50 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Emamectin benzoate 20 5 0.8 25.80 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Afidopyropen 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Pyrifluquinazon 20 5 4 29.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Pymetrozine 20 5 10 35.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Flonicamid 20 5 5 30.00 WG
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Isocycloseram 20 5 1 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Fluxametamide 20 5 1 26.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Spinosad 20 5 5 30.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Spinetoram 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Etoxazole 20 5 3 28.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Hexythiazox 20 5 2 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Fenpyroximate 20 5 2 27.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Tolfenpyrad 20 5 6 31.00 SC
Diafenthiuron Tetraniliprole Dimpropyridaz 20 5 5 30.00 SC

[00156] Efficacy Examples:
[00157] A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.
[00158] In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:


[00159] FIELD BIO-EFFICACY STUDIES:
[00160] The field trials were carried out on different crops to judge the synergism and benefits of innovative ready-mix combinations in comparison to conventional treatments.
[00161] Experiment 1: Control of insect-pest in brinjal, Solanum melongena
Crop : Brinjal
Location : Anand, Gujarat
Plot size : 28.8 sq.mt. (4.8m x 6m)
Number of Treatments: 36
Crop Stage : 75 DAS (Days after transplanting)
Spray volume : 500 liter/h
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knap sack sprayer
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insect control.
Observation Methods:
Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control : Count the number of insects per leaf. Record the observations from 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot on 3, 7, 10 and 15 DAA (Days after application). Calculate % whitefly control and apply Colby’s formula to judge the synergism.

Fruit & Shoot borer control (Leucinodes orbonalis) (%)- Count the number of healthy and damaged shoots and fruits per plant. Record such observations from 10 plants per plot on 10th day after application (DAA). Calculate % shoot damage and % fruit damage. Then recalculate % Fruit and shoot borer control.



Apply Colby’s formula to Percent fruit & shoot borer control data to judge the synergism.
Fruit count: Count the number of healthy fruits (without damage) per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot on 10th day after application.
Table 1: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details with application Rate (ml or g per Hectare) g.a.i./h
T1 Diafenthiuron 16%+Cyantraniliprole 4%+Pyriproxyfen 5% SE 200+50+62.5
T2 Diafenthiuron 16%+Cyantraniliprole 4%+Spiromesifen 8% SC 200+50+100
T3 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Spiropidion 4% SC 200+50+40
T4 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Clothianidin 2.5% SC 200+50+25
T5 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Pyrifluquinazon 4% SC 200+50+40
T6 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Fluxametamide 1% SC 200+50+10
T7 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Tolfenpyrad 6% SC 200+50+60
T8 Diafenthiuron 20%+Cyantraniliprole 5%+Dimpropyridaz 5% SC 200+50+50
T9 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD 200+50
T10 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 200+62.5
T11 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Spiromesifen 22.9% SC 200+100
T12 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Spiropidion 10% SC 200+40
T13 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Clothianidin 50% WDG 200+25
T14 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 200+40
T15 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Fluxametamide 10% L 200+10
T16 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Tolfenpyrad 15% EC 200+60
T17 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Dimpropyridaz 10% SC 200+50
T18 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 50+62.5
T19 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Spiromesifen 22.9% SC 50+100
T20 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Spiropidion 10% SC 50+40
T21 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Clothianidin 50% WDG 50+25
T22 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 50+40
T23 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Fluxametamide 10% L 50+10
T24 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Tolfenpyrad 15% EC 50+60
T25 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD+Dimpropyridaz 10% SC 50+50
T26 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 200
T27 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% OD 50
T28 Pyriproxyfen 10% EC 62.5
T29 Spiromesifen 22.9% SC 100
T30 Spiropidion 10% SC 40
T31 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25
T32 Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 40
T33 Fluxametamide 10% L 10
T34 Tolfenpyrad 15% EC 60
T35 Dimpropyridaz 10% SC 50
T36 UTC (Untreated Check) 0

T1 to T8 are innovative ready mix combinations of the present invention, T9 to T25 are conventional treatments (tank mixes), Cyantraniliprole 10.26% (10% w/v) OD, Spiromesifen 22.9% (24% w/v) SC.
Table 2: Control of whitefly in brinjal crop
Treatment Number % Whitefly control
3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA Synergism (Y/N)
Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio
T1 98.8 89.81 1.10 95.8 86.2 62.0 Y
T2 97.6 89.34 1.09 94.6 84.2 60.8 Y
T3 98.2 88.99 1.10 94.8 88.8 76.8 Y
T4 98.4 88.95 1.11 90.4 80.4 57.4 Y
T5 99.2 90.66 1.09 93.8 81.2 58.8 Y
T6 98.8 90.75 1.09 94.2 82.4 64.4 Y
T7 98.6 90.96 1.08 92.8 80.2 55.6 Y
T8 98.4 90.41 1.09 93.2 82.6 65.2 Y
T9 77.8 78.59 0.99 74.2 59.6 42.8 N
T10 80.2 81.06 0.99 79.6 65.2 36.4 N
T11 78.6 80.18 0.98 75.8 60.4 33.8 N
T12 78.2 79.54 0.98 78.2 67.8 54.8 N
T13 77.8 79.46 0.98 69.6 52.4 26.2 N
T14 80.4 82.65 0.97 74.2 55.4 25.8 N
T15 81.2 82.81 0.98 75.4 55.2 32.8 N
T16 81.6 83.20 0.98 72.4 47.6 23.4 N
T17 80.4 82.17 0.98 75.8 57.6 30.2 N
T18 72.6 74.39 0.98 80.6 70.4 47.2 N
T19 71.8 73.21 0.98 77.8 67.4 46.8 N
T20 71.6 72.35 0.99 81.2 72.8 65.4 N
T21 70.8 72.24 0.98 70.4 61.2 47.8 N
T22 75.4 76.54 0.99 74.4 62.6 46.6 N
T23 74.4 76.76 0.97 75.2 63.8 52.6 N
T24 76.6 77.30 0.99 73.0 57.6 41.2 N
T25 74.8 75.90 0.99 74.6 63.4 53.4 N
T26 60.2 50.2 30.4 12.6
T27 46.2 51.8 45.2 36.4
T28 52.4 64.2 52.8 30.6
T29 50.2 58.2 46.4 26.8
T30 48.6 65.4 58.6 50.2
T31 48.4 42.6 36.2 20.4
T32 56.4 50.2 40.2 21.6
T33 56.8 53.4 41.6 30.8
T34 57.8 48.6 30.4 16.6
T35 55.2 54.2 43.8 32.4
T36 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

[00162] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1 to T8) of the present invention showed synergism in terms of whitefly control and provides residual control in comparison to all conventional treatments.
Table 3: Control of fruit and shoot borer in brinjal
Treatment Number Fruit & Shoot borer control at 10 DAA Number of Healthy fruits/plant

% Shoot damage % Fruit damage
T1 1.24 3.52 41.2
T2 1.18 3.46 41.0
T3 1.06 1.82 43.6
T4 1.26 1.98 42.4
T5 1.14 2.86 41.4
T6 0.22 0.62 48.6
T7 0.86 0.82 45.2
T8 1.16 2.10 41.8
T9 2.06 3.64 28.8
T10 11.20 8.68 22.4
T11 14.60 9.28 23.2
T12 7.64 10.16 24.6
T13 8.10 12.84 21.6
T14 9.86 7.82 21.4
T15 3.16 3.84 27.8
T16 6.20 4.28 26.4
T17 5.12 6.74 26.4
T18 3.26 3.70 30.6
T19 3.48 3.88 30.2
T20 2.88 2.10 32.2
T21 3.12 2.18 31.4
T22 3.42 3.04 30.2
T23 2.10 1.28 36.8
T24 4.18 1.68 34.2
T25 2.94 4.18 32.6
T26 10.82 15.82 15.2
T27 3.86 5.92 28.6
T28 12.60 18.60 14.8
T29 15.80 19.24 16.2
T30 7.82 10.64 20.4
T31 8.28 10.46 19.4
T32 10.84 14.84 18.2
T33 3.86 4.86 26.4
T34 6.86 8.82 25.2
T35 5.92 9.84 16.8
T36 18.86 24.86 9.80

[00163] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1 to T8) of the present invention showed excellent control of brinjal fruit and shoot borer and yielding higher number of healthy fruits in comparison to all conventional treatments.
[00164] Experiment 2: Control of insect-pest in chilly, Capsicum annum
Crop : Chilly
Location : Umreth, Gujarat
Plot size : 40 sq. mt. (8m x 5m)
Number of Treatments: 24
Application Time : 82 DATP (Days after transplanting)
Spray volume : 520 liter/h
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knap sack sprayer
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insect control.
Observation Methods:
Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis) control: Count the number of insects per twig by shaking the twig over the black color piece of paper. Record the observations from 3 twigs per plant and 10 plants per plot on 3rd days after application. Calculate % thrips control and apply Colby’s formula to judge the synergism.

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control : follow same method as given for thrips control.
Fruit borer (Spodoptera exigua and Helicoverpa armigera mixed infestation) larval control (%):
10 plants per plot were selected randomly. Count the number of live larvae per plant. Calculate % larval control. Record the observations on 7th days after spraying.

Fruit count: Count the number of healthy (undamaged) fruits per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot.
Table 4: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details with application Rate (ml or g per Hectare) g.a.i./h
T1 Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Emamectin benzoate 0.75% SC 200+10+7.5
T2 Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Abamectin 0.75% SC 200+10+7.5
T3 Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Fipronil 5% SC 200+10+50
T4 Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Dimpropyridaz 5% SC 200+10+50
T5 Diafenthiuron 20%+Broflanilide 1%+Pyrifluquinazon 4% SC 200+10+40
T6 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Broflanilide 20% SC (tank mix) 200+10
T7 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Emamectin benzoate 5% SC (tank mix) 200+7.5
T8 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Abamectin 1.9% EC (tank mix) 200+7.5
T9 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Fipronil 5% SC (tank mix) 200+50
T10 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Dimpropyridaz 10% SC (tank mix) 200+50
T11 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC (tank mix) 200+40
T12 Broflanilide 20% SC+Emamectin benzoate 5% SC (tank mix)\ 10+7.5
T13 Broflanilide 20% SC+Abamectin 1.9% EC (tank mix) 10+7.5
T14 Broflanilide 20% SC+Fipronil 5% SC (tank mix) 10+50
T15 Broflanilide 20% SC+Dimpropyridaz 10% SC (tank mix) 10+50
T16 Broflanilide 20% SC+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC (tank mix) 10+40
T17 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 200
T18 Broflanilide 20% SC 10
T19 Emamectin benzoate 5% SC 7.5
T20 Abamectin 1.9% EC 7.5
T21 Fipronil 5% SC 50
T22 Dimpropyridaz 10% SC 50
T23 Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 40
T24 UTC (Untreated Check) 0

[00165] T1 to T5 are innovative ready mix combinations of the present invention, T6 to T16 are conventional treatments (tank mixes).

Table 5: Control of Thrips and fruit borers in chilly crop
Treatment Number % Thrips control % Fruit borer control Synergism (Y/N)
Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio
T1 96.8 89.66 1.08 100 92.06 1.09 Y
T2 97.6 89.34 1.09 98.8 88.99 1.11 Y
T3 97.4 90.70 1.07 99.4 91.26 1.09 Y
T4 98.6 91.01 1.08 96.8 87.75 1.10 Y
T5 93.2 87.53 1.06 90.6 85.40 1.06 Y
T6 77.0 77.42 0.99 79.8 80.05 1.00 N
T7 75.8 76.28 0.99 72.4 73.17 0.99 N
T8 74.6 75.55 0.99 60.2 62.80 0.96 N
T9 77.2 78.66 0.98 66.8 70.48 0.95 N
T10 78.4 79.38 0.99 55.6 58.62 0.95 N
T11 70.2 71.41 0.98 47.8 50.66 0.94 N
T12 78.4 80.03 0.98 87.4 88.22 0.99 N
T13 78.2 79.42 0.98 80.2 83.66 0.96 N
T14 81.2 82.04 0.99 85.6 87.04 0.98 N
T15 80.6 82.65 0.98 78.8 81.83 0.96 N
T16 74.2 75.93 0.98 74.2 78.33 0.95 N
T17 48.2 32.6
T18 56.4 70.4
T19 54.2 60.2
T20 52.8 44.8
T21 58.8 56.2
T22 60.2 38.6
T23 44.8 26.8
T24 0.0 0.0

[00166] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) of the present invention showed synergism in terms of thrips and fruit borer control in comparison to all conventional treatments (T6 to T23) and untreated control (T24).
Table 6: Control of whitefly and healthy fruit count
Treatment Number % whitefly control Number of healthy fruits per plant % increase in healthy fruits over T24

T1 96.4 64.2 98.15
T2 95.4 63.2 95.06
T3 98.6 61.8 90.74
T4 96.2 62.6 93.21
T5 95.8 63.2 95.06
T6 78.2 52.6 62.35
T7 77.4 53.4 64.81
T8 81.2 51.2 58.02
T9 82.8 50.8 56.79
T10 80.2 52.2 61.11
T11 77.4 51.6 59.26
T12 85.2 52.8 62.96
T13 87.8 54.2 67.28
T14 88.4 53.6 65.43
T15 85.2 55.2 70.37
T16 83.4 52.4 61.73
T17 44.2 40.6 25.31
T18 64.2 47.2 45.68
T19 62.8 44.6 37.65
T20 70.2 43.4 33.95
T21 71.4 45.2 39.51
T22 66.2 42.2 30.25
T23 60.6 41.2 27.16
T24 0.0 32.4 0.00

[00167] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) of the present invention provided excellent control of chilly whitefly and producing higher number of healthy fruits per plant in comparison to all conventional treatments (T6 to T23) and untreated control (T24).
[00168] Experiment 3: Control of insect-pest in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Crop : Okra
Location : Anand, Gujarat
Plot size : 40 sq. mt. (8m x 5m)
Number of Treatments: 20
Application Time : 62 DAS (Days after sowing)
Spray volume : 420 liter/h
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knap sack sprayer
Agronomic Practices : All agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement except insect.
Observation Methods:
Jassid (Amrasca biguttula biguttula) control : Count the number of insects per leaf. Record the observations from 3 leaves per plant and 10 plants per plot on 5th day after application (DAA). Calculate % jassid control and apply Colby’s formula to judge the synergism.

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) control : follow the method given for jassid.
Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval control (%): Count the number of live larvae per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot. Calculate larval control (%) by formula give below.

Fruit count: Count the number of fruits from 5 plants per plot on 10th day after application.
Table 7: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details with application Rate (ml or g per Hectare) g.a.i./h
T1 Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+Afidopyropen 3% SC 200+30+30
T2 Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+Pyrifluquinazon 4% SC 200+30+40
T3 Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+Flonicamid 5% WG 200+30+50
T4 Diafenthiuron 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 3%+Dinotefuran 2.5% SC 200+30+25
T5 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 200+30
T6 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Afidopyropen 5% DC 200+30
T7 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 200+40
T8 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Flonicamid 50% WG 200+50
T9 Diafenthiuron 50% WP+Dinotefuran 20% SG 200+25
T10 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC+Afidopyropen 5% DC 30+30
T11 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC+Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 30+40
T12 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC+Flonicamid 50% WG 30+50
T13 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC+Dinotefuran 20% SG 30+25
T14 Diafenthiuron 50% WP 200
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 30
T16 Afidopyropen 5% DC 30
T17 Pyrifluquinazon 20% SC 40
T18 Flonicamid 50% WG 50
T19 Dinotefuran 20% SG 25
T20 UTC (Untreated Check) 0

[00169] T1 to T4 are innovative ready mix combinations of the present invention, T5 to T13 are conventional treatments (tank mixes).
Table 8: Control of jassid and whitefly in okra crop
Treatment Number % Whitefly control % Jassid control Synergism (Y/N)
Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio Obs. Val. Cal. Val. Colby's Ratio
T1 96.2 88.26 1.09 88.6 80.58 1.10 Y
T2 98.6 89.44 1.10 76.2 68.75 1.11 Y
T3 95.8 88.44 1.08 94.2 85.24 1.11 Y
T4 92.6 86.55 1.07 88.2 79.60 1.11 Y
T5 68.4 70.50 0.97 43.4 45.75 0.95 N
T6 86.0 86.63 0.99 75.2 76.66 0.98 N
T7 87.2 87.97 0.99 61.2 62.44 0.98 N
T8 85.8 86.83 0.99 80.4 82.27 0.98 N
T9 83.2 84.68 0.98 74.2 75.48 0.98 N
T10 63.2 65.06 0.97 68.4 70.21 0.97 N
T11 67.4 68.57 0.98 50.6 52.08 0.97 N
T12 63.4 65.58 0.97 75.2 77.37 0.97 N
T13 58.6 59.96 0.98 67.2 68.72 0.98 N
T14 66.4 34.8
T15 12.2 16.8
T16 60.2 64.2
T17 64.2 42.4
T18 60.8 72.8
T19 54.4 62.4
T20 0.0 0.0

[00170] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) of the present invention showed synergism in terms of jassid and whitefly control.
Table 9: Fruit borer larval control and healthy fruit count in okra crop
Treatment Number % Fruit borer larvae control Number of healthy fruits/5 plants % increase in healthy fruits over T20

T1 81.4 26.4 131.58
T2 83.2 27.2 138.60
T3 80.8 26.8 135.09
T4 81.2 28.2 147.37
T5 74.8 26.6 133.33
T6 26.8 20.4 78.95
T7 29.6 21.2 85.96
T8 26.8 19.8 73.68
T9 25.4 20.8 82.46
T10 74.2 22.4 96.49
T11 75.2 21.8 91.23
T12 72.8 22.6 98.25
T13 73.4 22.6 98.25
T14 16.2 17.8 56.14
T15 70.4 18.6 63.16
T16 15.2 15.6 36.84
T17 18.4 14.8 29.82
T18 14.6 15.8 38.60
T19 12.4 16.6 45.61
T20 0.0 11.4 0.00

[00171] All the ready-mix innovative combinations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) of the present invention provided excellent control of okra fruit borer larvae and produces higher number of healthy fruits in comparison to all conventional treatments (T5 to T13) and untreated control (T20).
[00172] Overall summery of field trials
[00173] The field trials results show the following benefits/advantageous effects of ready mix formulations of diafenthiuron+diamide insecticide+one more insecticide.
• Synergism observed in terms of insect control
• Provides higher level of insect control (increase in % control)
• Provides residual control (longer duration of control)
• Increases number of fruits, flowers, branches and overall plant growth
• Shows phytotonic/greening effect, plant looks greener with increase in overall biomass, plant growth and vigor.
• Increase in yield, may be due to combined effect of insect’s controls and phytotonic effect.
[00174] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.
[00175] The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative and are not to be taken as limitations upon the scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[00176] The present disclosure provides a synergistic composition for protection of plants against insects, pests or mites.
[00177] The composition of the present invention comprises active ingredients having synergistic activity thereby reducing the dose of individual ingredients or of the combination as such. Consequently, the same helps to reduce the number of applications and duration of application of composition.
[00178] The compositions of the present disclosure can be effectively used for resistance management in insects, pests and mites by delaying or preventing the resistance development against the composition.
[00179] The composition of the present invention can increase or possess the broad-spectrum activities against insects, pests and mites by targeting insects, pests and mites by controlling their feeding ability by chewing, sucking or piercing.
[00180] The composition or formulation of the present invention when used for controlling insects, pests and mites infesting various crops and plants also increase yield by reducing or preventing the damage to the plants and increase one or more of reproductive parts of plant; number of tillers, branches and sub branches, flowers and fruits; and plant vigor.
,CLAIMS:1. An insecticide composition comprising combination of:
(a) first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl] thiourea;
(b) at least one second insecticide selected from diamide or metadiamide compound;
(c) at least one third insecticide; and
(d) optionally agriculturally acceptable excipients.
2. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diamide compound is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, cyhalodiamide, cyproflanilide, flubendiamide, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, and tyclopyrazoflor; and the metadiamide is broflanilide.
3. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one second insecticide is chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, tetraniliprole or broflanilide.
4. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one third insecticide is fipronil, nicofluprole, bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, flupyrimin, cycloxaprid, paichongding, guadipyr, cycloxylidin, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz, spinosad, spinetoram, abamectin, emamectin benzoate, pyriproxyfen, pymetrozine, pyrifluquinazon, afidopyropen, flonicamid, hexythiazox, etoxazole, chlorfenapyr, cyromazine, amitraz, fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad, flufenerim, rotenone, cyenopyrafen, cyflumetofen, pyflubumidemm, hydramethylnon, acequinocyl, flometoquin, fluacrypyrim, pyriminostrobin or bifenazate, spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spirotetramat, spiropidion, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, dimpropyridaz, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, and acyonapyr.

5. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one third insecticide compound is Pyriproxyfen, Spiromesifen, Spirotetramat, Spiropidion, Dinotefuran, Emamectin benzoate, Afidopyropen, Pyrifluquinazon, Pymetrozine, Flonicamid, Isocycloseram, Fluxametamide, Spinosad, Spinetoram, Etoxazole, Hexythiazox, Fenpyroximate, Tolfenpyrad, Fipronil, Clothianidin, Lambda cyhalothrin, Abamectin, and Dimpropyridaz.
6. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agriculturally acceptable excipient is selected from suspending agent, anti-foaming agent, anti-freezing agent, preservatives, thickeners, solvents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, wetting-spreading-penetrating agents, buffering agents, carriers, disintegrating agents and a combination thereof.
7. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, cyantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
8. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, broflanilide and at least one third insecticide.
9. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, chlorantraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
10. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea; the second insecticide compound, tetraniliprole and at least one third insecticide.
11. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 40% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected from diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 20% w/w; and at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 40% w/w of the composition.
12. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; at least one second insecticide selected from diamide or metadiamide compound in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
13. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, cyantraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
14. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, broflanilide in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
15. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, chlorantraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
16. The insecticide composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first insecticide compound, 1-tert-butyl-3-[4-phenoxy-2,6-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]thiourea in an amount ranging from about 15% to about 20% w/w; the second insecticide compound, tetraniliprole in an amount ranging from about 1% to about 5% w/w; at least one third insecticide compound in an amount ranging from about 0.5% to about 10% w/w of the composition and the agriculturally acceptable excipients in an amount ranging from about 65% to about 85% w/w of the composition.
17. The insecticide composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 16, wherein the composition is in the form of capsule suspension (CS), dispersible concentrate (DC), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion, water in oil (EO), emulsion, oil in water (EW), jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD), oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension) (OF), oil miscible liquid (OL), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), soluble concentrate (SL), water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), water soluble granule (SG), water soluble powder (SP), wettable powder (WP), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), a mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW), Granule (GR) / Soil Applied Granules (SAG), and Controlled release granules (CR).
18. The insecticide composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 16, wherein the composition is in the form of suspo-emulsion (SE), suspension concentrate (SC), and water dispersible granule (WG or WDG).
19. The insecticide composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 16, for use in controlling insects, pests and mites.

20. A method of controlling insects, pests and mites by application of an effective amount of a composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 to 16.