DESC:FIELD
The present disclosure relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition and a process for preparation thereof.

BACKGROUND
The background information herein below relates to the present disclosure but is not necessarily prior art
Enhancement of agricultural products requires protection of the crops and its produce from pest damage. Various chemicals and their formulations have been developed and are currently in use for effective management of fungi. Current methods of agriculture rely heavily on the use of fungicides.
Various fungicidal compositions have been developed to control various fungi. However, a single fungicide is not useful in all situations. Further, repeated usage of a single fungicide leads to the development of resistance to it and related fungicides. Consequently, research is being conducted to produce fungicides and combinations of fungicides that are safer and easier to use, have better performance, require lower dosages, are not prone to resistance and are cost efficient.
Thus, there is a need for a synergistic fungicidal composition that mitigates the hereinabove mentioned drawbacks.

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OBJECTS
Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:
It is an object of the present disclosure to ameliorate one or more problems of the prior art or to at least provide a useful alternative.
Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition.
Still another object of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition having enhanced fungicidal activity and required to be applied in lower dosages.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a synergistic fungicidal composition that is not prone to development of resistance.
Yet another object of the present disclosure is to provide a process for preparing a synergistic fungicidal composition.
Other objects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

SUMMARY
The present disclosure relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a triazole fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide, an anilide fungicide and agrochemically acceptable excipient.
The present disclosure further relates to a process for preparation of a synergistic fungicidal composition. The process comprises admixing predetermined amounts of triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and anilide fungicide to form a mixture of actives. Predetermined quantities of agrochemically acceptable excipients such as diluent, wetting agent, defoamer and antifreeze agent are added to the mixture of actives and mixed at a predetermined mixing speed for a first predetermined time period to obtain a slurry. The slurry is milled to obtain a milled slurry having particulate matter of a predetermined size in the range of 1 to 10 microns. The milled slurry having particulate matter of predetermined size is blended with a defoamer, stabilizer, thickener, dispersing agent and vehicle at a predetermined blending speed for a second predetermined time period to obtain the synergistic fungicidal composition.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described herein. Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known apparatus structures, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.
The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, modules, units and/or components, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.
As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed elements.
The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
The present disclosure provides a synergistic fungicidal composition and a process for preparation thereof.
The present disclosure provides a synergistic fungicidal composition wherein, the active ingredients when present in a ratio within a predetermined range exhibit a significant synergistic effect and provide better control and elimination of fungi and/or fungal diseases than an individual fungicide. The synergistic effect of the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure allows the use of reduced doses of fungicides that lowers costs and reduces the adverse effects of fungicides on the ecological environment. The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present disclosure is a combination of three fungicides thereby providing an expanded spectrum of target fungi and/or fungal diseases. The different mechanism of action of each of the three active ingredients used in the fungicidal composition of the present disclosure reduces the development of resistance by fungi.
In accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises a combination of triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and anilide fungicide in a synergistically effective ratio in the range of 1:1:1 to 75:12.5:1.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition further comprises one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, there is provided a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a triazole fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide, an anilide fungicide and agrochemically acceptable excipient.
The synergistic fungicidal composition comprises triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition, strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition, anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition and agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 5% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the triazole fungicide can be selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bromuconazole, bitertanol, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, tricyclazole, triticonazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, oxpoconazole and uniconazole.
The triazole compound is present in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition, preferably in the range of 10% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the triazole fungicide is Tricyclazole.
Tricyclazole (CAS No. 41814-78-2) is the common name for 5-methyl-1, 2, 4-triazolo [3, 4-b] [1, 3] benzothiazole and is represented as

Tricyclazole is a protective commercial systemic fungicide, which is absorbed rapidly by the roots and foliage and is translocated in the xylem and apoplast within the plant. Inside the plant, the apoplast is the space outside the plasma membrane within which material can diffuse freely. Tricyclazole has strong anti-erosion properties. Tricyclazole mainly inhibits spore adhesion; thereby effectively preventing the bacteria invade.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the strobilurin fungicide can be selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, dimoxystrobin, fenaminostrobin, flufenoxystrobin, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, pyribencarb, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin and trifloxystrobin.
The strobilurin fungicide is present in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition, preferably in the range of 10% to 50% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the strobilurin fungicide is Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin.
In an exemplary embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is Picoxystrobin.
Picoxystrobin [CAS NO. 117428-22-5] is the common name for Methyl (E) -3-methoxy-2- {2- [6- (trifluoromethyl) -2-pyridyloxymethyl] phenyl} acrylate and possesses the following structure

Picoxystrobin is fungicide belonging to the strobilurin group of chemicals. It is a preventative and curative fungicide with systemic and translaminar movement, acting by inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by blocking the electron transfer at the Qo center of cytochrome Bc1. Picoxystrobin demonstrates outstanding breadth of spectrum in cereals, being highly active against Septoria diseases of wheat, Helminthosporium diseases on wheat, barley and oats, Rhynchosporium diseases on barley and rye, Ramularia diseases on barley, Puccinia rust diseases and strobilurin-sensitive powdery mildews on wheat, barley, oats and rye. Its broad spectrum of activity means that the green leaf area of the crop is maintained during the important grain filling period.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the anilide or thiazole fungicide can be selected from the group consisting of benalaxy, benalaxyl-M, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenhexamid, fluxapyroxad, isotianil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metsulfovax, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penflufen, pyracarbolid, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, tiadinil, and vangard.
The anilide compound is present in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition, preferably in the range of 5% to 35% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the anilide fungicide is Thifluzamide.
Thifluzamide (CAS No. 130000-4-07) is the common name for 2', 6'-dibromo-2-methyl-4'-trifluoromethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-1, 3-thiazole-5-carboxanilide and is represented as

Thifluzamide is a commercial fungicide, when applied as a foliar spray or a soil drench, is rapidly absorbed by roots and leaves and is translocated in the xylem and apoplast throughout the plant. Thiazole carboxamide fungicides exhibit the strong suction conductivity and split long residual effect.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises Tricyclazole, Picoxystrobin, Thifluzamide and agrochemically acceptable excipient.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present disclosure contains, as essential ingredients, three components that mutually affect each other when used together and display a biological activity that is greater than the sum of the activities when used alone, an effect, which is designated as synergism. It is surprisingly found that the formulation of combination of Tricyclazole, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin and Thifluzamide fungicide results in a synergistic mixture which is remarkably more effective than the individual compounds at the considered doses. The weight ratio of Tricyclazole, Picoxystrobin or Azoxystrobin and Thifluzamide depends on the sensitivity and resistance of the plants, the time of application, the climatic conditions and the soil conditions.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, defoamers, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, thickener, diluents, binders, preservative, antifreeze agent, filler and adjuvant.
The dispersing agent is used for uniformly dispersing the active ingredients in the fungicidal composition. The dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium lignosulfonate, calcium lignosulfonate, lignin sulphonate, sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sulfonated aromatic polymer sodium salt, polycarboxylic acid homopolymer, sodium salt of polycarboxylic acid homopolymer, polycarboxylic acid copolymer, Ethylene oxide/Propylene oxide (EO/PO) block copolymers and sodium salt of polycarboxylic acid copolymer.
The alkyl group can be a C1-C20 alkyl group and the aromatic group in the sulfonated aromatic polymer is a C1 to C20 aromatic group.
The defoamer can be used to prevent foaming of the composition and is selected from the group consisting of polydimethylsiloxane powder and polydimethylsiloxane liquid.
The wetting agent is used to wet the ingredients in the composition with water by lowering their surface tension and is selected from the group consisting of non-ionic surfactant, anionic surfactant and other wetting agents.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alcohol alkoxylates having moles of ethylene oxide in the range of 9 to 15.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the anionic surfactant is selected from the group consisting of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, dialkyl naphthalene sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the other wetting agents are selected from the group consisting of alkyl ethylene oxide condensates, aryl ethylene oxide condensates, alkyl propylene oxide condensates, aryl propylene oxide condensates, alkylethoxylates, and arylethoxylates. The alkyl group and aryl group in the wetting agent is a C1-C20 alkyl group.
The disintegrating agent helps to disintegrate the substance in water quickly. The disintegrating agent selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, ammonium sulphate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium tripolyphosphate.
The thickener is selected from the group consisting of xanthan gum, gum arabic, rhamsan gum, locust bean gum, car ageenan, welan gum, starch, carboxymethyl cellulose salt, sodium montmorillonite, polyethylene glycol, hexamethylpropylcellulose and bentonites.
The filler and/or diluent is selected from the group consisting of starches and their derivatives, sugars and sugar alcohols, silicates, calcium phosphates, calcium sulfate, dextrates, kaolin clay, bentonite clay, attapulgite, diatomaceous earth, magnesium carbonate, polymethacrylates, talc and salts.
The binder is used to bind the ingredients in the composition together to give it the desired strength and is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or vinyl caprolactam either optionally substituted on the ring or in the vinyl group with lower alkyl (Cl to C4 alkyl) or a mixture of these homopolymers and polyacrylamides.
The preservative can be added to stabilize the compositions against attack by microorganisms. In accordance with the present disclosure, the preservative is isothiazolone.
The antifreeze agent is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and polyethylene glycol.
The adjuvant is selected from the group consisting of amine alkoxylates, polyoxyalkylene triglycerides, alkylpolyglycosides, alkenyl succinic anhydride derivatives, polyvinylpyrrolidones and perfluoroalkyl acids derivatives.
Water is used as a diluent to dilute the active ingredients to a desired concentration. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the water used is purified water and is selected from deionized water and distilled water.
The employment of agrochemically acceptable excipients in the composition will depend upon the type of composition and/or the manner in which the composition is to be applied by the end user.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises a triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition, a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition, an anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition and agrochemically acceptable excipient selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, defoamers, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, thickener, diluents, binders, preservative, antifreeze agent, filler and adjuvant in an amount in the range of 5% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises a triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition, a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition, an anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition and agrochemically acceptable excipient comprising at least one diluent in an amount in the range of 10% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition, at least one dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1% to 20% by weight of the total mass of the composition, at least one defoamer in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 2% by weight of the total mass of the composition, an antifreeze agent in an amount in the range of 1% to 15% by weight of the total mass of the composition, at least one preservative in an amount in the range of 0.001% to 3% by weight of the total mass of the composition, an adjuvant in an amount in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the total mass of the composition and at least one thickener in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 3% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
In accordance with still another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises Tricyclazole in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition, Picoxystrobin in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition, Thifluzamide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition and agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 5% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition.
Under specific conditions, for example, according to the nature of the target phytopathogenic fungi, a lower dose of the synergistic fungicidal composition may offer adequate protection, whereas, certain climatic conditions, resistance offered by the fungi or nature of the target phytopathogenic fungi may necessitate application of higher doses of the synergistic fungicidal composition.
The optimum dose usually depends on several factors, for example on the type of phytopathogenic fungi to be treated, on the type or level of development of the infested plant, on the density of vegetation or alternatively on the method of application of the fungicidal composition.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition can be formulated in a dosage form selected from the group consisting of suspension concentrate, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, granules, dusts, water in oil emulsion, oil dispersion, Zeon® Concentrate formulation, emulsifiable concentrate, suspoemulsion, capsule suspension and tank-mix. Zeon technology refers to the encapsulation of the active ingredient in very small capsules with thin walls. This enables quick “knock-down” of the insects coupled with long-term persistence.
In accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition is formulated as suspension concentrate, wettable powder and water dispersible granules.
The compositions can be of any type known in the art that is suitable for application onto all types of cultures or crops. These compositions, which can be prepared in any manner known by a person skilled in the art, also form part of the invention.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present disclosure may be packaged and sold as a pre-mix composition or as a fungicidal kit comprising individual active ingredients to be combined at the time of application.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition may be used for foliar application, ground application or application to plant propagation materials.
In another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a process for preparation of a synergistic fungicidal composition. The process comprises admixing predetermined amounts of triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and anilide fungicide to form a mixture of actives. Predetermined quantities of agrochemically acceptable excipients such as diluent, wetting agent, defoamer and antifreeze agent are added to the mixture of actives and mixed at a predetermined mixing speed for a first predetermined period of time to obtain a slurry. The slurry is milled to obtain a milled slurry having particulate matter of a predetermined size in the range of 1 to 10 microns. The milled slurry having particulate matter of a predetermined size is blended with a defoamer, stabilizer, thickener, dispersing agent and vehicle at a predetermined blending speed for a second predetermined period of time to obtain the synergistic fungicidal composition.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for preparation of the synergistic fungicidal composition comprises preparing a mixture of actives by admixing non pre-pulverized Tricyclazole, non-pre-pulverized Picoxystrobin and non-pre-pulverized Thifluzamide, adding to the mixture of actives at least one vehicle, at least one wetting agent, at least one defoamer and at least one antifreeze agent and mixing at a predetermined mixing speed for a first predetermined time period to obtain a slurry, milling the slurry to obtain a milled slurry containing particulate matter of a size in a predetermined range and blending the milled slurry with at least one defoamer, at least one stabilizer, at least one thickener, at least one dispersing agent and at least one vehicle at a predetermined blending speed for a second predetermined time period to obtain a suspension concentrate.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the mixing/blending speed is in the range of 2500 rpm to 3500 rpm.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the first predetermined time period is in the range of 30 minutes to 40 minutes.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the milled slurry contains particulate matter in a size in the range of 1 micron to 10 microns.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the second predetermined time period is in the range of 90 minutes to 110 minutes.
Suspension concentrates in accordance with the present disclosure are usually produced so as to obtain a stable, non-sedimenting flowable product. The suspension concentrates in accordance with the present disclosure allow the inclusion of high loadings of one or more adjuvant in a one-pack formulation with a fungicide and, therefore, offer the advantage of an optimized and easy-to-use formulation of the crop protection active compound. The separate addition of an adjuvant by the end-user before application has therefore become unnecessary.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for preparation of a synergistic fungicidal composition comprises pulverizing, separately, predetermined quantities of Tricyclazole, Picoxystrobin and Thifluzamide to obtain a substantially homogenized powder of each, blending predetermined quantities of each of the substantially homogenized powders with a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a disintegrating agent, a filler and a defoamer to obtain a substantially homogenized mixture, adding a predetermined quantity of water to a predetermined quantity of the substantially homogenized mixture and kneading to obtain a dough, extruding the dough to obtain wet extruded granules, drying the wet extruded granules under controlled drying conditions and at a temperature within a predetermined range to obtain dried extruded granules and sieving the dried extruded granules to obtain granules having granule size within a predetermined range.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the synergistic fungicidal composition can be formulated as wettable powder and/or water dispersible granules.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the particle size of the substantially homogenized powder is in the rage of 2 µm to 5 µm.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the wet extruded granules are dried at a temperature in the range of 35°C to 65°C.
In accordance with the present disclosure, the dried extruded granules are sieved to obtained granules having granule size in the range of 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm.
In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for preparation of a synergistic fungicidal composition comprises blending predetermined quantities of Thifluzamide, Picoxystrobin and Tricyclazole, a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a disintegrating agent, a filler and a defoamer to obtain a first substantially homogenized mixture, pounding the first substantially homogenized mixture to obtain a second substantially homogenized mixture having a predetermined particle size, adding a predetermined quantity of water to a predetermined quantity of the second substantially homogenized mixture and kneading to obtain a dough, extruding the dough to obtain wet extruded granules, drying the wet extruded granules under controlled drying conditions and at a temperature within a predetermined range to obtain dried extruded granules and sieving the dried extruded granules to obtain granules having granule size within a predetermined range.
In accordance with still another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method of controlling and eliminating fungal diseases from plants. The method comprises applying to the soil, a locus of infection, a plant and/or propagation material thereof susceptible to attack by fungi, an effective amount of the synergistic fungicidal composition of the present disclosure.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present disclosure can be applied either before or after the plants or propagation material thereof is infected by fungi. It may be applied to the soil before emergence of the plants, either pre-planting or post-planting or as a foliar spray at different stages of crop development, with one or more applications early or late post-emergence.
The fungicidal composition of the present disclosure has enhanced fungicidal activity and combats resistance shown by the fungi. The synergistic fungicidal composition may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating plants without any phytotoxic effect on the plants.
The present disclosure is further described in light of the following experiments which are set forth for illustration purpose only and not to be construed for limiting the scope of the disclosure. The following experiments can be scaled up to industrial/commercial scale and the results obtained can be extrapolated to industrial scale.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Individual components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to that particular embodiment, but, are interchangeable. Such variations are not to be regarded as a departure from the present disclosure, and all such modifications are considered to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

EXAMPLES
Example T1: Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC:
194.7g of Tricyclazole, 98g of Picoxystrobin and 93.8g of Thifluzamide was admixed to form a mixture of actives. To this, 300.5g of water along with 15g of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, 5g of sodium lignosulphonate, 5g of Defoamer and 75g of propylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent was added in Repulp tank fitted with homogenizer manufactured by Remi Motors Ltd. The homogenizer was operated at 3000 rpm for 35 minutes to obtain slurry. The slurry was pumped by using double diaphragm pump to a wet mill (Dynomill) at a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The milling was continued till particle size of 1 to 3 micron was obtained. Particle size was analyzed by Malvern particle size analyzer. The finely milled slurry was pumped to mix blend tank where 5g of Defoamer, 3g of preservative, 10g of alcohol ethoxylate and 150g of thickener solution and 45g of water were added. The mixture in the mix blend tank was operated at 3000 rpm for 100 minutes to obtain homogeneous slurry of the fungicidal composition.

Example T2: Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC:
221g of Tricyclazole, 107.3g of Picoxystrobin and 93.8g of Thifluzamide was admixed to form a mixture of actives. To this, 290g of water along with 15g of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, 5g of sodium lignosulphonate, 5g of Defoamer and 75g of propylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent was added in Repulp tank fitted with homogenizer manufactured by Remi Motors Ltd. The homogenizer was operated at 3000 rpm for 35 minutes to obtain slurry. The slurry was pumped by using double diaphragm pump to a wet mill (Dynomill) at a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The milling was continued till particle size of 1 to 3 micron was obtained. Particle size was analyzed by Malvern particle size analyzer. The finely milled slurry was pumped to mix blend tank where 5g of Defoamer, 3g of preservative, 10g of alcohol ethoxylate and 150g of thickener solution and 19.9g of water were added. The mixture in the mix blend tank was operated at 3000 rpm for 100 minutes to obtain homogeneous slurry of the fungicidal composition.

Example T3: Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC:
237g of Tricyclazole, 156.3g of Picoxystrobin and 71.9g of Thifluzamide was admixed to form a mixture of actives. To this, 250g of water along with 15g of tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, 5g of sodium lignosulphonate, 5g of Defoamer and 75g of propylene glycol as an anti-freezing agent was added in Repulp tank fitted with homogenizer manufactured by Remi Motors Ltd. The homogenizer was operated at 3000 rpm for 35 minutes to obtain slurry. The slurry was pumped by using double diaphragm pump to a wet mill (Dynomill) at a flow rate of 50 ml/min. The milling was continued till particle size of 1 to 3 micron was obtained. Particle size was analyzed by Malvern particle size analyzer. The finely milled slurry was pumped to mix blend tank where 5g of Defoamer, 3g of preservative, 10g of alcohol ethoxylate and 150g of thickener solution and 17.7g of water were added. The mixture in the mix blend tank was operated at 3000 rpm for 100 minutes to obtain homogeneous slurry of the fungicidal composition. Alternatively, the structure agent / xanthan gum can be added to the un-milled suspension and milled together with the active ingredient.

Example 4: Tricyclazole 35% + Picoxystrobin 15% + Thifluzamide 12% WG:
374g Tricyclazole technical, 162.5g Picoxystrobin technical, 130.2g Thifluzamide technical, 20g sodium lauryl sulphate, 60g naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde-polycondensate, 50g kraft lignin sulphonate, 100g ammonium sulphate, 20g film forming agent, 68.3g filler and 15g defoamer were blended in the ribbon blender for 2 hours to obtain substantially homogenized mixture A. Mixture A was ground in the Jet Mill to obtain a Wettable Powder, having particle size in the range of 2 to 9 µm.
The wettable powder was charged into a dough maker by adding 180g of water and blended to obtain a dough. The dough was extruded using a basket extruder to obtain granules having granule size in the range of 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm, which was further dried in fluid bed dryer at 45°C to obtain granules.

Example 5: Tricyclazole 35% + Picoxystrobin 15% + Thifluzamide 12% WP:
130.2g Thifluzamide technical was pulverized at a feed rate of 10 to 40 g/min. to obtain pulverized Thifluzamide technical having particle size in the range of 1 to 7µm.162.5g Picoxystrobin technical was pulverized in a jet mill at a feed rate of 10 to 30 g/min to obtain pulverized picoxystrobin having particle size in the range of 1 to 10µm. 374g Tricyclazole technical was pulverized in a jet mill at a feed rate of 10 to 20 g/min to obtain pulverized tricyclazole having particle size in the range of 1 to 7µm. Pulverized Thifluzamide, Picoxystrobin and tricyclazole were admixed along with 10g sodium lauryl sulphate, 30g naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde-polycondensate, 15g Kraft lignin sulphonate, 50g precipitated silica, 227.3g filler and 1g defoamer in a ribbon blender and blended for 2 hours at 20 rpm to obtain homogeneous wettable powder formulation.

EXPERIMENTS
1. STORAGE STABILITY
The synergistic fungicidal compositions as formulated in Examples 1 to 3 were characterized to determine their storage stability.
The suspension concentrates were characterized for parameters such as active content and suspensibility. The parameters were determined at room temperature (RT) and at accelerated storage stability study (54?2?C for 14 days.)
Table 1: Storage stability of the synergistic fungicidal in accordance with the present disclosure

Examples
Tricyclazole A.I., %

Picoxystrobin A.I., %
Thifluzamide A.I., %
Suspensibility, %
RT ASS %
Degradation RT ASS %
Degradation RT ASS %
Degradation RT ASS %
Degradation
1 18.44 18.38 0.33% 9.38 9.36 0.21% 8.98 8.96 0.22% 95.6 95.21 0.41%
2 20.91 20.85 0.29% 10.25 10.22 0.29% 8.91 8.9 0.11% 96.1 95.7 0.42%
3 22.46 22.41 0.22% 14.93 14.90 0.20% 6.87 6.85 0.29% 95.7 95.4 0.31%
*RT- Room Temperature **ASS- Accelerated Storage Stability Study at 54±2oC for 14 day
As illustrated in Table 1, the synergistic fungicidal compositions are stable on storage and there is no significant degradation of the active ingredients and suspensibility parameter after 14 days.

2. CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES
The synergistic fungicidal composition as formulated in Example 4 was characterized to determine the active content and the suspensibility.
The water dispersible granule was characterized for parameters such as active content and suspensibility. The parameters were determined before and after aging at 54?2?C for 14 days.
Table 2: Characterization of water dispersible granule
PARAMETERS Example 4
RT Example 4
ASS
Active content (% w/w)
35.38
35.36
Tricyclazole
Picoxystrobin 15.5 15.48
Thifluzamide 12.47 12.46
Suspensibility (%w/w) 90.55 89.60
*RT- Room Temperature **ASS- Accelerated Storage Stability Study at 54±2oC for 14 day
As illustrated in Table 2, the synergistic fungicidal compositions are stable on storage and there is no significant degradation of the active ingredients and suspensibility parameter after 14 days.

3. CHARACTERIZATION OF WETTABLE POWDER
The synergistic fungicidal composition as formulated in Example 5 is characterized for active content, suspensibility and wetting time
The wettable powder was characterized for parameters such as active content, suspensibility and wetting time. The parameters were determined before and after aging at 54?2?C for 14 days.
Table 3: Characterization of Wettable Powder
PARAMETERS
Example 6
RT Example 6
ASS
Active content (% w/w)
35.41
35.39
Tricyclazole
Picoxystrobin 15.47 15.46
Thifluzamide 12.49 12.47
Suspensibility (%w/w) 92.63 90.87
Wetting time 18 sec 17 sec
*RT- Room Temperature **ASS- Accelerated Storage Stability Study at 54±2oC for 14 day
As illustrated in Table 3, wettable powder does not show a significant change in active content, suspensibility and wetting time after a period of 14 days.

4. EVALUATION OF FUNGICIDE COMBINATIONS FOR BIO-EFFICACY AGAINST SHEATH BLIGHT, BLAST AND BROWN SPOT DISEASES OF PADDY
Fungicidal compositions as formulated in Examples 1 to 3 were tested with two way possible tank mix combinations i.e., Tricyclazole 75% WP + Picoxystrobin (Tank Mix), Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank Mix) & Tricyclazole 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) along with solo individual fungicides i.e., Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC, Tricyclazole 75% WP & Thifluzamide 24% SC and Untreated Control against Sheath Blight, Blast and Brown spot of Paddy. The fungicides were applied as foliar spray with Knapsack Sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle. Application was initiated with initiation of disease in the field. The sprayings were done at 15 days interval.
The appearance of the visible symptom of the diseases was recorded before 1st spray and subsequent observations were recorded before subsequent spray and 15 after last spray. The observations were graded on (0–9) disease scoring scale for Sheath Blight, Blast and Brown spot.
Disease Ratings:
Scale (Grade) Percent disease Intensity reaction

0 No disease = Immune

1 1 – 5 % infection = Mild

3 6 – 10 % infection = Moderate

5 11 – 25 % infection = Alarming

7 26 – 50 % infection = Severe

9 >50 % infection = highly severe

Percent disease index (PDI) was calculated using the following formula:
Sum of all numerical ratings
PDI = --------------------------------------------------------------------- X 100
Total plants observed X Maximum rating scale
The PDI values were transformed by angular transformation and analyzed statistically. The disease control DC (%) was calculated by the following formula.
Disease % in control - Disease % in treatment
DC (%) = ----------------------------------------------------------- X 100
Disease % in control
Table 4: Bio-efficacy of different Fungicides treatments against Sheath blight
Tr. No Treatment Details
Dose
(g a.i./ha) Dose
(ml or g/ha) PDI (%) PDC
15 DAA
3rd Spray
Pre-count 15 DAA
1st Spray 15 DAA
2nd spray 15 DAA
3rd spray
T1 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 180+90+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.67 (6.54) 6.00 (9.55) 52.64
T2 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 205+100+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 1.34 (3.83) 89.42
T3 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 220+145+ 65 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 4.00 (8.14) 7.34 (11.02) 42.06
T4 Tricyclazole 75%WP 225 300 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 7.34 (11.02) 10.67 (13.27) 15.78
T5 Thifluzamide 24% SC 90 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.00 (5.74) 6.00 (9.89) 52.64
T6 Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC 150 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 4.67 (8.47) 10.00 (12.88) 21.07
T7 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) 225+ 90 300+375 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 2.67 (6.54) 7.34 (11.02) 42.06
T8 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 225+150 300+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 1.34 (3.83) 4.00 (7.95) 9.34 (12.46) 26.28
T9 Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 90 + 150 375+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 3.34 (7.34) 4.67 (8.75) 63.14
T10 Untreated - - 0.00 (0.00) 4.67 (8.75) 7.34 (11.02) 12.67 (14.57) -
CD (P = 0.05) NS 3.47 3.10 3.29 -
Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformed values. PDI- Percent Disease Incidence; PDC- Percent Disease Control; DAA- Days After Application; NS- Non significant
The results presented in Table 4 show that at the time of initiation of trial there was no Sheath blight disease in any treatment which indicates the uniformity of trial plot across all the treatments. At 15 days after application, the highest Sheath blight was recorded in control (4.67%). All the fungicide treatments significantly reduced the disease severity than untreated control, but the significant lowest Sheath blight disease was observed in T1 to T3 (0.00%).
At 15 days after second application, the highest disease was recorded in control (7.34%). The significant lowest Sheath blight disease was observed in T2 (0.67%) which was superior over rest of the treatments.
At 15 days after third application also similar trend observed as of after second application. Where, the significant lowest Sheath blight disease was observed in T2 (1.34%) which was significantly superior over rest of all treatments.
The highest percent disease control (PDC) was recorded in treatment T2 (89.42%), followed by T1 (52.64%), T3 (42.06%). The lowest disease control was recorded in treatment T4 (15.78%), followed by T6 (21.07%) and T8 (26.28%).
Table 5: Bio-efficacy of different Fungicides treatments against Blast
Tr. No Treatment Details
Dose
(g a.i./ha) Dose
(ml or g/ha) Leaf blast
PDI (%) Neck blast PDI (%) PDC
30 DAA
3rd Spray
Pre-count 15 DAA
1st Spray 15 DAA
2nd spray 15 DAA
3rd spray 30 DAA
3rd spray
T1 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 180+90+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.67 (6.54) 2.00 (4.63) 6.67 (10.41) 56.51
T2 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 205+100+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 1.34 (3.83) 91.26
T3 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 220+145+ 65 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 2.67 (6.54) 82.59
T4 Tricyclazole 75%WP 225 300 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 2.67 (6.54) 4.00 (7.95) 73.92
T5 Thifluzamide 24% SC 90 1000 0.00 (0.00) 3.34 (7.34) 4.67 (8.75) 7.34 (10.96) 9.34 (12.42) 39.11
T6 Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC 150 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 4.00 (7.95) 6.00 (9.89) 8.00 (11.48) 47.84
T7 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) 225+ 90 300+375 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 1.34 (3.83) 4.67 (8.47) 2.67 (6.54) 82.59
T8 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 225+150 300+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.00 (5.74) 2.67 (6.54) 82.59
T9 Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 90 + 150 375+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 3.34 (7.34) 5.34 (9.36) 8.00 (11.48) 9.34 (12.46) 39.11
T10 Untreated - - 0.00 (0.00) 4.67 (8.57) 8.67 (12.00) 13.34 (14.96) 15.34 (16.07) -
CD (P = 0.05) NS 2.57 2.98 4.28 2.8 -
Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformed values; PDI- Percent Disease Incidence; PDC- Percent Disease Control; DAA- Days After Application; NS- Non significant
The results presented in Table 5 show that at the time of initiation of trial the leaf blast was not observed when initiated. At 15 days after first application, the highest disease was recorded in control (4.67%). The significant lowest disease was observed in T1-T4 (0.00%) and T7-T8 (0.00%), which were at par with T6 (0.67%).
At 15 days after second application, there was no disease progress observed in treatments T2 to T3. The highest disease was recorded in control (8.67%). The significant lowest disease was observed in T2, T3 & T8 (0.00%) and superior over all the other treatments.
At 15 days after third application, significantly lowest disease was observed in treatment T2 (0.67%), which was at par with T1, T3. The highest disease was observed in untreated control (13.34%). This treatment (T2) was significantly superior over rest of all treatments in controlling leaf blast of paddy.
The Neck blast of paddy was recorded after complete panicle emergence and recorded percent disease incidence as T2 (1.34%) which was significantly superior over rest of the treatments and untreated control recorded (15.34%) disease incidence.
The highest percent disease control (PDC) of neck blast was recorded in treatment T2 (91.26%) followed by T3, T7 & T8 recorded 82.59%, T4 (73.92%). The lowest disease control was recorded in treatment T5, T9 recorded 39.11% followed by T6 (47.84%), though there was no much difference in leaf blast PDI between T2 & T3.
Table 6: Bio-efficacy of different Fungicides treatments against Brown spot
Tr. No Treatment Details
Dose
(g a.i./ha) Dose
(ml or g/ha) PDI (%) PDC
15 DAA
3rd Spray
Pre-count 15 DAA
1st Spray 15 DAA
2nd spray 15 DAA
3rd spray
T1 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 180+90+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 1.34 (2.72) 2.00 (4.63) 4.00 (7.95) 57.17
T2 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 205+100+85 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 0.40 (1.49) 95.71
T3 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 220+145+ 65 1000 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.67 (6.54) 3.34 (7.34) 64.23
T4 Tricyclazole 75%WP 225 300 0.00 (0.00) 3.34 (7.34) 5.34 (9.36) 8.00 (11.54) 14.34
T5 Thifluzamide 24% SC 90 1000 0.00 (0.00) 1.34 (3.83) 2.67 (6.54) 5.34 (9.36) 42.82
T6 Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC 150 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 3.34 (7.34) 3.34 (7.34) 64.23
T7 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) 225+ 90 300+375 0.00 (0.00) 0.67 (1.92) 2.00 (5.74) 3.34 (7.34) 64.23
T8 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 225+150 300+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 2.00 (4.63) 2.94 (6.89) 68.62
T9 Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 90 + 150 375+ 600 0.00 (0.00) 0.00 (0.00) 1.34 (3.83) 2.14 (5.93) 77.08
T10 Untreated - - 0.00 (0.00) 2.67 (6.54) 6.67 (10.50) 9.34 (12.46) -
CD (P = 0.05) NS 3.83 3.98 2.82 -
Figures in parenthesis are arcsine transformed values; PDI- Percent Disease Incidence; PDC- Percent Disease Control; DAA- Days After Application; NS- Non significant
The results presented in Table 6 show that at the time of initiation of trial the Brown spot disease was not initiated. At 15 days after first application, the highest disease was recorded in control (2.67%). The significant lowest disease was observed in rest of the treatments (T1 to T9) and they are significantly superior over untreated control.
At 15 days after second application, there was no disease progress observed in treatment T2 and recorded cent percent control. The highest disease was recorded in control (6.67%). The significant lowest disease was observed in T2 (0.00%) and T1 (2.00%), T2 was significantly superior over rest of all treatments.
At 15 days after third application also similar trend observed. The significant lowest disease was observed in treatment T2 (0.40%), which was significantly superior over rest of all treatments and Untreated control (9.34%).
The highest percent disease control (PDC) was recorded in treatment T2 (95.71%) followed by T3 (64.23%), T9 (77.08%), T1 (57.17%). The lowest disease control was recorded in treatment T4 (14.34%) followed by T5 (42.82%), T6 & T7 (64.23%).

5. TO STUDY EFFECT OF TEST FUNGICIDES ON YIELD OF PADDY
Individual plot wise yield was recorded and calculated treatment wise yield and converted into yield per hectare (q/ha) at harvest and statistically analyzed the data.
Table 7: Effect of different Fungicides treatments on Yield of Paddy
Tr. No Treatment Details Dose
(g a.i./ha) Dose
(ml or g/ha) Yield (q/ha)

T1 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 180+90+85 1000 36.47
T2 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 205+100+85 1000 41.27
T3 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 220+145+ 65 1000 38.10
T4 Tricyclazole 75%WP 225 300 29.33
T5 Thifluzamide 24% SC 90 1000 29.93
T6 Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC 150 600 30.27
T7 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Thifluzamide 24% SC (Tank mix) 225+ 90 300+375 31.60
T8 Tricyclazole 75% WP + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 225+150 300+ 600 32.40
T9 Thifluzamide 24% SC + Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC (Tank mix) 90 + 150 375+ 600 33.00
T10 Untreated - - 24.77
CD (P = 0.05) 2.61

As illustrated in Table 7, all the treatments significantly increase the yield than Untreated Control (24.77q/ha). The highest yield was observed in treatment T2 (41.27 q/ha), which was significantly superior over all treatment T3 (38.10 q/ha), T1 (36.47 q/ha) followed by T9 (33.00 q/ha) and T8 (32.40 q/ha). All test fungicide treatments (T1 to T3) were significantly superior over solo fungicide treatments (T4 to T6) and two way tank mix combination treatments (T7 to T9).

6. TO STUDY PHYTOTOXICITY EFFECT OF TEST FUNGICIDES ON PADDY.
Observations were taken on damage caused to plants, if any, by the application of different treatments taking into the account phytotoxic symptoms viz. leaf injury on tips and leaf surface, wilting, vein clearing, necrosis, epinasty and hyponasty on ten plants per plot. The observations were recorded before spray and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 & 15th day after applications. For Phytotoxicity study on leaf injury on tips and leaf surface the Scale (0-10) used is given below.
Phytotoxicity Rating Scale (PRS)
Crop response/ Crop injury Rating
0-00 0
1-10% 1
11-20% 2
21-30% 3
31-40% 4
41-50% 5
51-60% 6
61-70% 7
71-80% 8
81-90% 9
91-100% 10

Table 8: Phyto-toxicity effect of different Fungicide treatments on Paddy
Tr. No. Treatment Details
Dose *Phytotoxicity (Based on 0-10 Phytotoxicity Rating Scale)
g a.i./ha Formulation ml or g/ha Before Spray Days after application (DAA)
1 3 5 7 10 15
T1 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 180+90+85 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 205+100+85 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 220+145+ 65 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 Tricyclazole 18% + Picoxystrobin 9% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-1) 360+180+170 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 Tricyclazole 20.5% + Picoxystrobin 10% + Thifluzamide 8.5% SC (Example-2) 410+200+170 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 Tricyclazole 22% + Picoxystrobin 14.5% + Thifluzamide 6.5% SC (Example-3) 440+290+ 130 2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 Untreated - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
*For phototoxic symptoms- Leaf injury on tips and Leaf surface, Wilting, Vein Clearing, Necrosis, Epinasty and Hyponasty
As illustrated in Table 8, the three fungicide ready combinations were sprayed at doses X (1000 ml/ha) and 2X (2000 ml/ha) to check the phytotoxic effects like leaf injury on tips/surface, vein clearing, wilting, necrosis, hyponasty and epinasty on the Paddy crop. The observations on these phytotoxicity parameters were observed on before spray and at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 days after application. But there was no any phytotoxicity observed on Paddy crop after spraying in any treatment. Even there was no any adverse effect noticed on Paddy crop in the field applied with fungicides combinations at highest dose of @2000 ml/ha.
Overall, the three way combination test fungicides shows synergistic effect for controlling the diseases. Also for prolong the effectiveness of fungicides liable to encounter resistance problems and to limit crop losses, the test fungicides can be used effectively and safely for the management of diseases than solo Tricyclazole 75% WP, Picoxystrobin 22.72% SC and Thifluzamide 24% SC and their two way possible tank mix combinations.

TECHNICAL ADVANCEMENTS
The present disclosure described herein above has several technical advantages including, but not limited to, the realization of a synergistic fungicidal composition which has enhanced fungicidal activity and combats resistance shown by fungi. The present disclosure further provides an easy and simple process for the preparation of the synergistic fungicidal composition.
The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details thereof are explained with reference to the non-limiting embodiments in the following description. Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein. Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments herein.
The foregoing description of the specific embodiments so fully reveal the general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the embodiments as described herein.
The use of the expression “at least” or “at least one” suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.
The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure.
Any discussion of documents, acts, materials, devices, articles or the like that has been included in this specification is solely for the purpose of providing a context for the disclosure. It is not to be taken as an admission that any or all of these matters form a part of the prior art base or were common general knowledge in the field relevant to the disclosure as it existed anywhere before the priority date of this application.
The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions, and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.
While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.
,CLAIMS:WE CLAIM:

1. A synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a triazole fungicide, a strobilurin fungicide and an anilide fungicide in a ratio in the range of 1:1:1 to 75:12.5:1.

2. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said composition comprises one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients.

3. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein said composition comprises:
a. a triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
b. a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
c. an anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition; and
d. agrochemically acceptable excipient in an amount in the range of 5% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition.

4. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein the triazole fungicide is selected from the group consisting of azaconazole, bromuconazole, bitertanol, cyproconazole, diclobutrazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, fenbuconazole, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, quinconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, tricyclazole, triticonazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, oxpoconazole and uniconazole.

5. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein the strobilurin fungicide is selected from the group consisting of azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, dimoxystrobin, fenaminostrobin, flufenoxystrobin, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, pyribencarb, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin and trifloxystrobin.

6. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in any of claims 1-3, wherein the anilide fungicide is selected from the group consisting of benalaxy, benalaxyl-M, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenhexamid, fluxapyroxad, isotianil, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, metsulfovax, ofurace, oxadixyl, oxycarboxin, penflufen, pyracarbolid, pyraziflumid, sedaxane, thifluzamide, tiadinil, and vangard.

7. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claims 2 or 3, wherein the agrochemically acceptable excipients are selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, defoamers, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, thickener, diluents, binders, preservative, antifreeze agent, filler and adjuvant.

8. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claims 2 or 3, wherein said composition comprises:
a. a triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
b. a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
c. an anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition; and
d. agrochemically acceptable excipient selected from the group consisting of dispersing agents, defoamers, wetting agents, disintegrating agents, thickener, diluents, binders, preservative, antifreeze agent, filler and adjuvant in an amount in the range of 5% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition.

9. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claims 2 or 3, wherein said composition comprises:
a. a triazole fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 75% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
b. a strobilurin fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 60% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
c. an anilide fungicide in an amount in the range of 1% to 40% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
d. agrochemically acceptable excipient comprising:
(i) at least one diluent in an amount in the range of 10% to 70% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
(ii) at least one dispersing agent in an amount in the range of 1% to 20% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
(iii) at least one defoamer in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 2% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
(iv) an antifreeze agent in an amount in the range of 1% to 15% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
(v) at least one preservative in an amount in the range of 0.001% to 3% by weight of the total mass of the composition;
(vi) an adjuvant in an amount in the range of 0.1% to 5% by weight of the total mass of the composition; and
(vii) at least one a thickener in an amount in the range of 0.01% to 3% by weight of the total mass of the composition.

10. The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein said composition is formulated in a dosage form selected from the group consisting of suspension concentrate, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, granules, dusts, water-in-oil emulsion, oil dispersion, Zeon® concentrate formulation, emulsifiable concentrate, suspoemulsion, capsule suspension and tank-mix.

11. A process for preparation of a synergistic fungicidal composition, said process comprising:
a. admixing predetermined amounts of triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and anilide fungicide to form a mixture of actives;
b. adding predetermined quantities of diluent, wetting agent, defoamer and antifreeze agent to the mixture of actives and mixing at a predetermined mixing speed for a first predetermined time period to obtain a slurry;
c. milling the slurry to obtain a milled slurry having particulate matter of a predetermined size range; and
d. blending the milled slurry having particulate matter of a predetermined size range with a defoamer, stabilizer, thickener, dispersing agent and vehicle at a predetermined blending speed for a second predetermined time period to obtain the fungicidal composition.

12. A method of controlling and eliminating fungal disease from plants, said method comprising applying to the soil, a locus of infection, a plant and/or propagation material thereof susceptible to attack by fungi, an effective amount of the synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in claim 1.