DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:

The present invention relates to synergistic fungicidal compositions of bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredients selected from Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin. The present invention also relates to process for preparing the said compositions comprising bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one or more agrochemically active ingredients along with at least one inactive excipient. The present invention also relates to the use of synergistic fungicidal compositions of Thiophanate Methyl and one or more agrochemically active ingredients selected from Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin as seed treatment in Wheat, Barley, Sorghum, Pearl millets, Rice, Maize, Peanut, Soybean, Sunflower, Mustard, Castor, Chickpea, Pigeonpea, Lentils, Green gram, Black gram, Peas, Cotton, Okra, Chilli, Cucumbers, Potato.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pesticides are chemicals that may be used to kill fungus, bacteria, insects, plant diseases, snails, slugs, or weeds among others. These chemicals can work by ingestion or by touch and death may occur immediately or over a long period of time.

Fungi serve as the planet's decomposers by breaking down organic material in nature, while many form healthy symbiotic relationships with plants in the soil. Unfortunately some fungi develop parasitic relationships with plants where the plant is harmed making it important to have the proper fungicide to minimize those effects.

Fungi are plants which obtain their nutrition from an organic carbon source. The body of the fungus secretes enzymes which degrade the organic substrate on which they are growing and yield smaller entities. These in turn are absorbed into the body of the fungus and are metabolized and provide energy to carry on vital processes.

Fungicides can either be contact, translaminar or systemic. Contact fungicides are not taken up into the plant tissue, and protect only the plant where the spray is deposited; translaminar fungicides redistribute the fungicide from the upper, sprayed leaf surface to the lower, unsprayed surface; systemic fungicides are taken up and redistributed through the xylem vessels. Few fungicides move to all parts of a plant. Some are locally systemic, and some move upwardly.

Fungicides also can be classified based upon their chemical composition. Chemically, organic molecules are those that contain carbon atoms in their structure whereas inorganic molecules do not. Many of the first fungicides developed were inorganic compounds based on sulfur or metal ions such as copper, tin, cadmium and mercury that are toxic to fungi. Copper and sulfur are still widely used. Most other fungicides used today are organic compounds and thus contain carbon. The term "organic" as used here is based on chemistry terminology and differs from "organic" used to describe a system of agriculture that strives to be holistic and to enhance agro ecosystem health.

Fungicides kill fungi by damaging their cell membranes, inactivating critical enzymes or proteins, or by interfering with key processes such as energy production or respiration. Others impact specific metabolic pathways such as the production of sterols or chitin. In recent developments, the newly developed fungicides are unique in that they do not directly affect the pathogen itself. Many of new fungicides elicit a response from the host plant known as "systemic acquired resistance" (SAR). These SAR inducers basically mimic chemical signals in plants that activate plant defense mechanisms such as the production of thicker cell walls and anti-fungal proteins. The utility of SAR inducers, however, has been limited so far since many pathogens are capable of over-powering such defenses.

Fungicide resistance is a stable, heritable trait that results in a reduction in sensitivity to a fungicide by an individual fungus. This ability is obtained through evolutionary processes. Fungicides with single-site mode of action are at relatively high risk for resistance development compared to those with multi-side mode of action. Most fungicides being developed today have a single-site mode of action because this is associated with lower potential for negative impact on the environment, including non-target organisms.

When fungicide resistance results from modification of a single major gene, pathogen subpopulations are either sensitive or highly resistant to the pesticide. Resistance in this case is seen as complete loss of disease control that cannot be regained by using higher rates or more frequent fungicide applications. This type of resistance is commonly referred to as "qualitative resistance."

The control of phytopathogenic fungi is of great economic importance since fungal growth on plants or on parts of plants inhibits production of foliage, fruit or seed, and the overall quality of a cultivated crop.

Thiophanate methyl was first disclosed in US 4020095. Thiophanate methyl is chemically known as dimethyl 4,4'-(o-phenylene)bis(3-thioallophanate) and having chemical structure as below;

Thiophanate Methyl [dimethyl ((1,2-phenylene) bis(iminocarbonothioyl)) bis(carbamate)] is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide used to control soil-borne diseases in ornamental plants.

Thiophanate Methyl breaks down in plants and the environment to form carbendazim, and its use of can lead to residues of carbendazim in treated commodities.

Carboxin is a fungicidal and was first disclosed in EP0398692. Carboxin is chemically known as 5,6-dihydro-2-methyl-1,4-oxathiine-3-carboxanilide having chemical structure as below;

Carboxin is a kind of the suction effect of heterocyclic fungicides. Carboxin is white needle-like crystals, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, benzene and the like. Carboxin is mainly used in cereals such as sorghum head smut, but also can prevent wheat rust, cotton grass diseases, and the incidence of white millet. Carboxin has low toxicity to humans and animals, mice orally LD503200mg/kg. Carboxin is a systemic agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent. It is a respiratory toxin that prevents the oxidation of succinate by inhibiting the tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme, succinate dehydrogenase. This enzyme is composed of two subunits, a flavoprotein and an iron-sulphur protein (Ip), which together with two membrane-anchoring proteins makes up succinate-quinoneoxidoreductase. Carboxin is thought to act by preventing the transfer of electrons from succinate to ubiquinone through inhibiting the reoxidation of the high-potential S3 centre of the Ip subunit. Furthermore, Carboxin resistance in Ustilagomaydis is known to be determined by a single amino acid residing in the Cys-rich cluster which ligates the S3 centre. A previous report indicated that insertion of the carboxin resistance (cbx R) gene into the Ustilagomaydis genome impaired the pathogenic ability of the fungus towards Zea mays, the corn host. Carboxin resistance did not significantly alter pathogenicity and was therefore a suitable marker for use in genetic analysis of U. maydis (Current Microbiology, Volume 44, Number, 2002, pp. 67-70).

The main concern with the use of pesticide is the development of resistance by the pests for that particular pesticide and at the end one has to apply more concentrated composition of the pesticide. The high amount of pesticide may results in the toxicity to human beings as well as has bad effect on environment.

Metalaxyl M is methyl N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-D-alaninate and has the structure

Metalaxyl M is a phenylamide fungicide with systemic function. Its chemical name is methyl N-(methoxyacetyl)-N-(2,6-xylyl)-D-alaninate. It can be used to control Pythium in a number of vegetable crops, and Phytophthora in peas. Metalaxyl has been known to those skilled in the art that the R-enantiomer (Metalaxyl M) is far superior to the S-enantiomer in terms of fungicidal action and is in practice regarded as the actual mechanism of action. Commercial metalaxyl is available in the form of the racemate. Likewise, mixtures of metalaxylracemate with mancozeb, chlorothalonile, copper preparations, folpet, fluazinam or cymoxanil have become known commercially and otherwise.

Metalaxyl M is a fungicide, protective, can be absorbed by plant roots, stems, and subsequently within the body of water transport, and transferred to the various organs of the plant. Metalaxyl M is synthetic inhibitors of ribosomal RNA I mainly inhibit protein synthesis in vivo mycelial to nutritional deficiencies.

Thiram is chemically known as four methyl disulfideand the chemical structure

Thiram is a fungicidal and bactericidal agent used as antiseptic, seed disinfectant and animal repellent. Thiram belongs to the class of dithiocarbamates fungicide which actsas protective fungicides andbroad spectrum bactericidal, for a variety of crops such as downy mildew, blight, anthracnose, cereal smut, yellow seedling blight. Another important use is as complex fungicide concomitant drugs, namely the absorption of therapeutic agents with a variety of complex formulated as a mixed fungicide, and other protective fungicides complex.

Validamycin A is chemically known as (1R,2R,3S,4S,6R)-2,3-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-{[(1S,4S,5S,6S)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-hydroxymethyl) cyclohex -2-en-1-yl]amino}cyclohexyl ß-D-glucopyranoside. Chemical structure of Validamycin A is as below;

Validamycin A structurally includes an unsaturated aminocyclitol unit valienamine, the saturated aminocyclitol unit validamine and glucose. The valienamine moiety is believed to be the pharmacophore of this compound and is also present in a number of other important aminocyclitols, such as the a-glucosidase inhibitors acarbose, the adiposins, the amylostatins, and the trestatins. In addition, the valienamine unit is a synthetic precursor of the clinically used antidiabetic agent voglibose.

Validamycin A is an antibiotic fungicide that inhibits trehalase activity in plants, insects, and fungi and causes the accumulation of trehalose in transgenic plants. ValidamycinA has also demonstrated antiviral activity against fungal plant pathogens, including Pelliculariasasakii and Rhizoctoniasolani, but does not appear to be fungicidal in these cases.

Metominostrobin and its fungicidal activity were first disclosed in EP0398692. Metominostrobin is chemically known as (E)-a-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxy-benzeneacetamide having chemical structure as below;

Metominostrobin is one of the broad-spectrum, systemic fungicides with preventative and curative activity. Metominostrobin is mainly potent on soybean rust, which can seriously damage soybeans.

Previously people have tried many alternatives and option to overcome the problem of low efficacy and development of resistance and to overcome it developed poly mixture of pesticide specially fungicide, use of non-toxic ingredients and developing novel compositions which provides effective amount of the pesticide, specially fungicide and at the required specific part only.

However the use of poly mixture containing large number of pesticides poses a problem in many was like preparing composition of multiple pesticides with different chemical properties and behavior and physical properties. It also creates challenge for formulator in term of compatibility and stability of all the pesticide along with used excipients in the composition.

USRE43816 describes a water dispersible granule formulation prepared by pulverized a part of active ingredients into fine particles under wet milling and pulverized another part of the active ingredients into coarse particles under dry milling, then kneading the both active ingredients for the granulation, and a process for producing the water dispersible granule formulation are disclosed. Examples of Thiophanate methyl with other ingredients are disclosed.

WO2008148178 discloses a fungicide composition and process for treating agronomical cultures, specifically treats of fungicide composition to fight fungus in farmings and agronomical culture treatment, containing 3-chloro-N-(3-chloro-5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyl)-a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-p-toluidine, its derivatives or salts associated to dimethyl 4,4'-(o-phenylene)bis(3-thioallophanate) or methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate, its derivatives or salts.

Indian patent application 1802/CHENP/2013 composition for controlling harmful arthropods which comprises flonicamid one or more kinds of plant hopper controlling compounds selected from group (A) and one or more kinds of rice blast controlling compounds selected from group (B). group (A): a group consisting of clothianidin, imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, fipronil and pymetrozine; and group (B): a group consisting of isotianil, probenazole, tiadinil, tricyclazole, pyroquilone, thiophanate methyl, orysastrobin and azoxystrobin.

Indian patent application 2179/KOLNP/2006 fungicidal mixtures containing in the form of active agents: a triazolopyrimidine derivative of formula (I) and thiophanate-methyl of formula (II) in synergistically active quantity and to a method for controlling harmful fungi by means of the mixture of the compounds I and II, thereby making it possible to produce said mixtures and the products containing them.

Indian patent application 2343/CHENP/2004 describes fungicidal mixture that comprises (1) 2-[2-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxypropyl]-2,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]-triazolo-3-thion (prothioconazole) of the formala I or a salts or adducts thereof and at least one further fungicidal composition, selected from group consisting (2) boscalid of the formula II (3) carboxine of the formula III (4) metrafenone of the formula IV (5) a compound of the formula (V) (6) a compound of formula (VI) (7) quinoxyfen of formula (VII) (8) dithianon of the formula (VIII) (9) thiram of the formula (IX) (10) mepiquat chlorides of the formula X (11) cyazofamid of the formula XI (12) fenoxanil of the formula XII (13) a compound of the formula (XIII) (14) thiophanate methyl of the formula (XIV) (15) carbendazim of the formula (XV) (16) metalaxyl of the formula (XVI) (17) fludioxonil (18) thiabendazole of the formula (XVIII) (19) quintozene of the formula (XIX) (20) prochloraz of the formula (XX) (21) anthraquinone of the formula (XXI) in a synergistically effective amount, is described.

Indian patent application 2365/KOLNP/2006 discloses ternary fungicidal mixtures comprising, as active components, 1) the triazolopyrimidine derivative of the formula l, 5-chloro-7-(4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)-6-(2,4,6-trifluorophenyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 2) a strobilurin derivative II, selected from among the compounds pyraclostrobin and orysastrobin and 3) a fungicidally active compound III selected from the group consisting of acylalanines, amine derivatives, anilinopyrimidines, antibiotics, azoles, dicarboximides, dithiocarbamates, copper fungicides, nitrophenyl derivatives, phenylpyrroles, sulfenic acid derivatives, cinnamides and analogs and anilazine, benomyl, boscalid, carbendazim, carboxin, oxycarboxin, cyazofamidjdazomet, dithianon, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenarimol, fuberidazole, flutolanil, furametpyr, isoprothiolane, mepronil, nuarimol, picobenzamid, probenazole, proquinazid, pyrifenox, pyroquilon, quinqxyfen, silthiofam, thiabendazole, thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, tiadinil; tricyclazole, triforine, sulfur, acibenzolar-S-methyl, benthiavalicarb, carpropamid, chlorothalonil, cyflufenamid, cymoxanil, dazorhet, diclomezin, diclbcymet, diethofencarb, edifenphos, ethaboxam, fenhexamid, fentin acetate, fenoxanil, ferimzone, fluazinam, phosphorous acid, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminum, iprovalicarb, hexachlorobenzene, metrafenon, pencycuron, propamocarb, phth'alide, toloclofos-methyl, quintozene and zoxamide; in a synergistically effective amount, methods for controlling phytopathogenic harmful fungi using mixtures of the compounds 1 and II and III with a fungicidally active compound III and the use of the compounds 1 and II with III for preparing such mixtures, and also compositions comprising these mixtures.

Indian patent application 252/MUM/2011 describes pesticidal composition comprising sulphur, a fungicide selected from the group consisting of cymoxanil, fenhexamid, fenamidone, cyazofamid, chlorothalonil, kresoxim methyl, azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, iprodione, Validamycin A, kasugamycin, cyprodinil, pencycuron, hexaconazole, prochloraz, epoxiconazole, prothioconaozole, trifloxystrobin, thiophanate methyl, spiroxamine, metrafenone or their salts thereof and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient.

Indian patent application 3636/KOLNP/2007 discloses method for prominently inhibiting the production in fungi of mycotoxin, which has serious effects on health of humans and other animals, and provides a mycotoxin production inhibitor. Mycotoxin content such as deoxinivalenol (DON) in harvested crops can be reduced without a correlation with the control effects against fungi by spraying a fungicide containing a benzimidazole-type fungicidal compound such as thiophanate-methyl as an active ingredient onto food crops such as wheat, barley, and the like. Concomitant use of the benzimidazole-type fungicidal compound and a sterol biosynthesis inhibitor (SBI agent) such as tebuconazole can further enhance the effect.

Indian patent application 392/MUM/2001 discloses a novel, improved fungicidal formulation of Thiophanate-methyl water dispersible granules. Due to problems of poor dipersion, suspensibility, phytotoxicity, enviromentsal damage, wasgage, and harm to the user, the inventor seeks to solve these, with the aid of the improved formulation. The formulation essentially comprises of water dispersible granules, in the size range pf 0.3 microns to 8 microns. Due to the small particle size, reduced dosage is achieved.

Indian patent application 547/CHENP/2010 describes an agricultural chemical composition comprising: (1) polyoxyalkylene aryl ether, (2) polycarboxylate, and (3) an agricultural chemical active ingredient. In addition, the present invention provides an agricultural and horticultural pesticide composition comprising: thiophanate- methyl and tricyclazole as agricultural chemical active ingredients thereof, and a plant disease control method that uses the agricultural and horticultural pesticide composition.

Indian patent application 7821/CHENP/2012 discloses a plant disease control agent which can exhibit a superior control effect on plant diseases at a low dose. The plant disease control agent comprises at least one component selected from tetrazolyloxime derivatives each represented by formula (I) and salts thereof and at least one component selected from the group consisting of imidacloprid, triflumizol, espinosad, hydroxyl isoxazol, ethiophanate methyl, tricyclazole, clothianidin, benomyl acetamiprid, and salts thereof.

Indian patent application 10198/DELNP/2007 discloses a formulation mixture useful for treating plant propagation material comprising (A) Tebuconazole; and (B) one or more compounds selected from Carboxin, Chlorothalonil, Difenoconazole, Azoxystrobin, Fluquinconazole, Metalaxyl, Mefenoxam, Thiram, Abamectin, Lambda-cyhalothrin, Beta-cyflutrin, Tefluthrin, Thiamethoxam, Flubendamide and a compound of formula (A-1) and (C) one or more customary formulation adjuvants; with the proviso that the mixture excludes the mixtures consisting, as active ingredients, of (I) tebuconazole, carboxin and tridimenol and (II) tebuconazole, difenconazole and fludioxonil.

Indian patent application 1869/CHENP/2006 describes Fungicidal mixtures for controlling rice pathogens, which mixtures comprise, as active components, 1) the triazolopyrimidine derivative of the formula I, and 2) carboxin of the formula II, in a synergistically effective amount, methods for controlling rice pathogens using mixtures of the compound I with the compound II, the use of the compound I with the compound II for preparing such mixtures and compositions comprising these mixtures are described.

Indian patent application 4103/DELNP/2006 teaches a pesticidal composition comprising as active components effective substance of oxathiin series carboxin, other active components, and water for creation of a suspension.

Indian patent application 6065/DELNP/2007 describes a composition for preventing plant diseases which comprises at least Component I and Component II, is capable of obtaining a synergic effect that cannot be expected with each single component, is capable of markedly increasing a control effect in a much smaller amount of chemicals against various plant pathogens, and causes no phytotoxicity suffering. A composition for preventing plant diseases comprises Components I and II as active ingredients. The Component I is (RS)-N-[2-(1, 3-dimethylbutyl)thiophen-3-yl]-l-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-lH-pyrazole-4-carboxamide. As the Component II, there can be exemplified, for example, tetraconazole, flutriafol, imibenconazole, triadimefon, simeconazole, oxpoconazolefumarate, prothioconazole, bupirimate, spiroxamine, metiram, dodine, anilazine, chlozolinate, oxycarboxin, ethaboxam, iprovalicarb, pyrazophos, fluoroimide, diflumetorim, fenhexamid, famoxadone, fenamidone, cyazofamid, zoxamide, cyflufenamid, boscalid, benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, fluoxastrobin or dimoxystrobin.

Indian patent application 8192/DELNP/2009 discloses a method of improving the growth of a plant comprising applying to a plant, plant propagation material or locus thereof a composition comprising a product, which comprises microcapsules which themselves comprise (a) a polymeric shell; and (b) a core which comprises a dispersed solid active ingredient compound wherein the compound is one or more of a neonicotinoid, fipronil, a strobilurin, carboxin, acibenzolar-S-methyl, and probenazole.

However still there is a need for a fungicidal composition which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process and exhibit synergistic effect.

Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the synergistic fungicidal composition of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredient selected from Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A and Metaminostrobin as described herein in can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to synergistic fungicidal pesticidal compositions which comprise bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredients selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin with at least one inactive excipient.

Further the present invention also relates to process for preparing the synergistic fungicidal compositions comprising bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agro chemically active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides synergistic fungicidalcompositions comprising bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agro chemically active ingredients selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin with at least one inactive excipient.

The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

"Bioactive amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied treatment of crops, is sufficient to effect such treatment.

The fungicidal formulation or composition can be classified as below:
Dry – Sprayable WP – (Wettable powders) A solid pesticide formulation – micronized to powder form and typically applied as suspended particles after dispersion in water. WG or WDG – (Water dispersible granule) A pesticidal formulation consisting of granules to be applied after disintegration and dispersion in water. Water dispersible granules can be formed by a) agglomeration, b) spray drying, or c) extrusion techniques. It can also be termed as water soluble granules (WSG) or soluble granules (SG). Liquid Sprayable are SL – (Soluble Concentrate) A soluble concentrate is in powder form intended for dilution with water or directly in solution from. In both the case, the end result will be clear solution of the insecticide in the water without any visible un-dissolved particles. SC – (Suspension Concentrate) A stable suspension of solid pesticide(s) in a fluid usually intended for dilution with water before use. For a good formulation or ideal SC formulation, it should be stable and do not sediment over time. EC – (Emulsifiable Concentrate) A solution of a pesticide with emulsifying agents in a water insoluble organic solvent which will form an emulsion when added to water. In most of the case it is oil in water type emulsion to make it easy for application. EC formulation should be storage stable without any visible cracking of emulsion. ME – (Microemulsion) A solution of a pesticide with emulsifying agents in a water insoluble organic solvent which will form a solution/emulsion when added to water. The difference between EC and ME is the particle size of the actives in the final form. OD – (Oil Dispersion) Oil dispersions (OD) are one type of liquid formulation which is stable suspensions of active ingredients in a water-immiscible fluid which may contain other dissolved active ingredients and is intended for dilution with water before use. CS – (Capsule Suspension) Suspension of micro-encapsulated active ingredient in an aqueous continuous phase, intended for dilution with water before use. SE- (Suspension emulsion) A suspension emulsion or suspo emulsion (SE) consists of an organic phase with a dissolved active ingredient and an aqueous suspension phase, in which the active ingredient is dispersed in water. DC -(Dispersible concentrate) Dispersible concentrate is a liquid homogeneous formulation to be applied as a solid dispersion after dilution in water. There are many formulations which contains the part characteristics of EC and part characteristics of DC. Dry – Spreadable Granule are dry granules which can be applied with a dry spreader to a target area and later when such granules get exposed to water via, for example, rain or irrigation, will not only readily disintegrate, but actively spread on solid substrates so as to achieve disintegration area diameter to original granule diameter ratios.
Dry spreadable granules should possess good hardness and an ability to maintain integrity upon normal, commercial handling in a dry spreading operation and yet be capable of quickly disintegrating or scattering upon what may be a minimal exposure to water, such as, for example, a light rain. GR – Soil applied Granule on inert or fertilizer carrier are formulation is in the form of granules which can be applied on inert carrier or the carrier which is fertilizer. Mixed formulation are ZC Formulation (Mix of CS and SC) “ZC formulation” is the international denominations adopted by the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) to designate "stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles". ZC is a mixed formulation of CS and SC and is a stable aqueous suspension of microcapsules and solid fine particles, each of which contains one or more active ingredients. The formulation is intended for dilution into water prior to spray application. Formulating the active ingredients together eliminates the need for tank mixing, which can lead to incompatibility, and facilitates control of a wider range of pests with fewer applications. Like other aqueous liquid formulations, ZC formulations are easy to handle and measure, dust free, non-flammable and offer good miscibility with water.

One or more of the active ingredients is encapsulated for various purposes, such as to increase the residual biological activity, or to reduce the acute toxicity, or to obtain a physical or chemically stable water-based formulation. The purpose determines whether the “free” active ingredient and the “release rate” are relevant properties of a specific product.

The term WDG, DG, WSG and SG are synonyms and can be used inter changeably and convey the same meaning.

The composition or formulation of the present invention can be selected from Flowable Suspension (FS), Suspo Emulsion (SE), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable powder (WP) and Wettabel Granuels (WG).

The formulation of the present invention is to be considered as seed treatment. Seed treatments can be an environmentally more friendly way of using pesticides as the amounts used can be very small.

The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treat ment techniques known in the art, such as, but not limited to, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed ?lm coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting.

In the control or pests, the separate or joint application of the inventive mixtures or compositions comprising them is carried out by spraying or dusting or otherwise applying the mixture to the seeds, the seedlings, the plants or the soils before or after sowing of the plants or before or after emergence of the plants. Conventional seed treatment formulations include for example flowable concentrates FS, solutions LS, powders for dry treatment DS, water dispersible powders for slurry treatment WS, water-soluble powders SS and emulsion ES and EC, wherein FS and WS are the most preferred ones.

The formulation of the present invention can also be termed as FS Suspension concentrates for seed treatment, ES Emulsions for seed treatment, LS Solutions for seed treatment, WS Water-dispersible powders for slurry seed treatment, DS Powders for dry seed treatment, WDG Water dispersible granule for seed treatment and WP Wettable powder for seed treatment.

Formulation of the present invention can be in any of the form described above. The present compositions comprises of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredients selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram and Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin

Further as per the embodiment of the present invention, the active ingredient Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin are present in the ratio of 50:1 to 1:50.

Controlling fungus as well as Improves the plant health. For example advantageous properties that may be mentioned are improved crop characteristics including ; emergence, crop yield, protein content, more developed root system (improved root growth), more number of tillers, increase in plant height, bigger leaf blade, less dead basal leaves, stronger tillers, greener leaf color, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, less fertilizers needed, less seeds needed, more productive tillers, earlier flowering, early grain maturity, reduced lodging, increased shoot growth, enhance plant vigor, increased plant stand and early germination.
The synergistic fungicidal compositions of the present invention can be used as seed treatment in
• Wheat, Barley for control of loose smut, Fusarium seed rot, seedling blight, Pythium damping off and bunt diseases.
• Sorghum, Pearl millets, Maize for control of downy mildew, Pythium seed rot, Pythium damping off and early season Phytopthora diseases.
• Rice for control of foot rot (bakane diseases), Rhizoctonia blight.
• Peanut, Soybean for control of Aspergillus rot, Sclerotiana rot, Phytophthora blight.
• Sunflower, Mustard for control of Pythium and Phytophthora diseases.
• Castor, Chickpea, Pigeonpea, Lentils, Green gram, Black gram, Peas for control of Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia diseases.
• Cotton, Okra, Chilli for control of Fusarium wilt, Rhizoctonia rot.
• Cucumbers for control of Pythium and Phytophthora diseases.
• Potatoes for control of Rhizoctonia rot.
The novel active ingredient mixtures have very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic fungicidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient mixtures can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants, while at the same time those parts of plants which grow later are also protected from attack by such pathogens. Active ingredient mixtures have the special advantage of being highly active against diseases in the soil that mostly occur in the early stages of plant development. Specically, they are suitable for controlling the Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Melons (Cucumis melo), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis).
The novel formulations of active ingredient mixtures of Thiophanate Methyl+Carboxin and Thiophanate Methyl+Metalaxyl-M according to the invention are especially advantageous for treatment of seed, plant propagating materials of Cotton, Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Soybean, Peanut, Sunflower, Mustard, Rape seed, Sesame, Castor, Green gram, Black gram, Chickpea, Cowpea, Redgram, Frenchbean, Indian bean, Horse gram, Field pea, Cluster bean, Lentils, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Okra, Onion, Tomato, Potato tuber, Chilly, Garlic, Cucumber, Melons, Radish, Ginger rhizome, Cumin, Fenugreek, Coriander.

Further the formulation or composition of the present invention can also be used for foliar spray, soil drenching, and drip irrigation.

Furtehr as per one embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic formulation of the present invention can be used for the control of below mentioned diseases;
Diseases of Wheat: Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria triticina, Anthracnose Colletotrichum graminicola,Ascochyta leaf spot Ascochyta tritici, Aureobasidium decay Microdochium bolleyi, Black head molds (sooty molds) Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum spp., Sporobolomyces spp., Stemphylium spp., Common bunt/ stinking smut Tilletia tritici,Common root rot Bipolaris sorokiniana, Cottony snow mold Coprinus psychromorbidus, Crown rot (foot rot, seedling blight, dryland root rot) Fusarium spp., Fusarium pseudograminearum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium culmorum,Dilophospora leaf spot Dilophospora alopecuri, Downy mildew = crazy top Sclerophthora macrospora, Dwarf bunt Tilletia controversa,Ergot Claviceps purpurea, Eyespot = foot rot, Tapesia yallundae, False eyespot Gibellina cerealis,Flag smut Urocystis agropyri, Foot rot Fusarium spp., Karnal bunt = partial bunt Tilletia indica =Neovossia indica, Leaf rust = brown rust Puccinia triticina,Puccinia recondite,Leptosphaeria leaf spot Phaeosphaeria herpotrichoides = Leptosphaeria herpotrichoides,Loose smut Ustilago tritici,Microscopica leaf spot Phaeosphaeria microscopica, Phoma spot Phoma spp., Pink snow mold = Fusarium patch Microdochium nivale,Platyspora leaf spot Clathrospora pentamera,Powdery mildew Erysiphe graminis, Blumeria graminis,Pythium root rot Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium arrhenomanes, Pythium graminicola, Pythium myriotylum,Rhizoctonia root rot Rhizoctonia solani, Scab = head blight Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia snow mold = snow scald Sclerotinia borealis,Sclerotium wilt Sclerotium rolfsii,Septoria blotch Septoria tritici,Sharp eyespot Rhizoctonia cerealis, Snow rot Pythium spp., Speckled snow mold = gray snow mold or Typhula blight Typhula idahoensis,Spot blotch Bipolaris sorokiniana,Stagonospora blotch Phaeosphaeria avenaria, Stagonospora avenae, Septoria avenae, Septoria nodorum , Stem rust = black rust Puccinia graminis,Storage molds Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Stripe rust = yellow rust Puccinia striiformis,Take-all Gaeumannomyces graminis,Tan spot = yellow leaf spot, red smudge Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Drechslera tritici-repentis,Tar spot Phyllachora graminis.
Diseases of Rice: Aggregate sheath spot Ceratobasidium oryzae (anamorph: Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae), Black kernel Curvularia lunata, Blast (leaf, neck [rotten neck], nodal and collar) Pyricularia grisea=P.oryzae,Brown spot Cochliobolus miyabeanus (anamorph: Bipolaris oryzae),Crown sheath rot Gaeumannomyces graminis,Downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora, Eyespot Drechslera gigantean,False smut Ustilaginoidea virens,Kernel smut Tilletia barclayana =Neovossia horrid, Leaf smut Entyloma oryzae, Leaf scald Microdochium oryzae, Narrow brown leaf spot Cercospora janseana, Pecky rice (kernel spotting) Damage by many fungi including Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Microdochium oryzae, Sarocladium oryzae, Root rots Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., P. dissotocum, P. spinosum,Seedling blight Cochliobolus miyabeanus, Curvularia spp., Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii,Sheath blight Thanatephorus cucumeris (anamorph: Rhizoctonia solani), Sheath rot Sarocladium oryzae = Acrocylindrium oryzae, Sheath spot Rhizoctonia oryzae, Stackburn (Alternaria leaf spot) Alternaria padwickii, Stem rot Magnaporthe salvinii= Sclerotium oryzae, Water-mold (seed-rot and seedling disease) Achlya conspicua, A. klebsiana, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., P. dissotocum, P. spinosum.
Diseases of Corn or Maize: Anthracnose leaf blight and anthracnose stalk rot Colletotrichum graminicola, Aspergillus ear and kernel rot Aspergillus flavus, Banded leaf and sheath spot Rhizoctonia solani= Rhizoctonia microsclerotia), Black bundle disease Acremonium strictum, Black kernel rot Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae, Brown spot (black spot, stalk rot) Physoderma maydis, Cephalosporium kernel rot Acremonium strictum=Cephalosporium acremonium, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Corticium ear rot Thanatephorus cucumeris= Corticium sasaki, Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia clavata,C. eragrostidis, Curvularia inaequalis, C. intermedia, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia pallescens , Curvularia senegalensis, C. tuberculata, Didymella leaf spot Didymella exitalis, Diplodia ear rot and stalk rot Diplodia frumenti,Diplodia ear rot, stalk rot, seed rot and seedling blight Diplodia maydis, Diplodia leaf spot or leaf streak Stenocarpella macrospora=Diplodia macrospora, Downy mildews:Brown stripe downy mildew Sclerophthora rayssiae, Crazy top downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora= Sclerospora macrospora, Green ear downy mildew (graminicola downy mildew) Sclerospora graminicola, Java downy mildew Peronosclerospora maydis = Sclerospora maydis, Sorghum downy mildew Peronosclerospora sorghi= Sclerospora sorghi, Spontaneum downy mildew Peronosclerospora spontanea=Sclerospora spontanea, Sugarcane downy mildew Peronosclerospora sacchari= Sclerospora sacchari, Dry ear rot (cob, kernel and stalk rot) Nigrospora oryzae, Ear rots, minor Alternaria alternata= A. tenuis, Aspergillus glaucus, A. niger, Aspergillus spp., Botrytis cinerea, Doratomyces stemonitis=Cephalotrichum stemonitis, Fusarium culmorum,Gonatobotrys simplex , Pithomyces maydicus, Rhizopus microspores, R. stolonifer= R.nigricans, Scopulariopsis brumptii, Ergot Claviceps gigantean, Eyespot Aureobasidium zeae= Kabatiella zeae, Fusarium ear and stalk rot Fusarium subglutinans = F. moniliforme, Fusarium kernel, root and stalk rot, seed rot and seedling blight Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium stalk rot, seedling root rot Fusarium avenaceum, Gibberella ear and stalk rot Gibberella zeae, Gray ear rot Botryosphaeria zeae= Physalospora zeae, Gray leaf spot (Cercospora leaf spot) Cercospora sorghi= C. sorghi, C. zeae-maydis, Helminthosporium root rot Exserohilum pedicellatum=Helminthosporium pedicellatum, Hormodendrum ear rot (Cladosporium rot) Cladosporium cladosporioides = Hormodendrum cladosporioides, C. herbarum, Hyalothyridium leaf spot Hyalothyridium maydis Late wilt Cephalosporium maydis, Leaf spots, minor Alternaria alternate, Ascochyta maydis, A. tritici, A. zeicola, Bipolaris victoriae= Helminthosporium victoriae,Epicoccum nigrum, Exserohilum prolatum= Drechslera prolata, Graphium penicillioides, Leptosphaeria maydis, Leptothyrium zeae, Ophiosphaerella herpotricha, Paraphaeosphaeria michotii, Phoma sp., Septoria zeae, S. zeicola, S. zeina, Northern corn leaf blight (white blast, crown stalk rot, stripe) Setosphaeria turcica, Helminthosporium turcicum, Northern corn leaf spot, Helminthosporium ear rot Cochliobolus carbonum (anamorph: Bipolaris zeicola), Penicillium ear rot (blue eye, blue mold) Penicillium spp., P. chrysogenum, P. expansum, P. oxalicum, Phaeocytostroma stalk rot and root rot Phaeocytostroma ambiguum= Phaeocytosporella zeae, Phaeosphaeria leaf spot Phaeosphaeria maydis =Sphaerulina maydis, Physalospora ear rot (Botryosphaeria ear rot) Botryosphaeria festucae= Physalospora zeicola, Pyrenochaeta stalk rot and root rot Phoma terrestris= Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Pythium root rot Pythium spp., P. arrhenomanes, P. graminicola, Pythium stalk rot, Red kernel disease (ear mold, leaf and seed rot) Epicoccum nigrum, Rhizoctonia ear rot (sclerotial rot), Rhizoctonia zeae, Rhizoctonia root rot and stalk rot Rhizoctonia solani, Root rots, minor Alternaria alternate, Cercospora sorghi, Dictochaeta fertilis, Fusarium acuminatum F. equiseti, F. oxysporum , F. pallidoroseum, F. poae, F. roseum, G. cyanogena, F. sulphureum, Microdochium bolleyi, Mucor sp., Periconia circinata, Phytophthora cactorum, P. drechslerai, P. nicotianae, Rhizopus arrhizus , Rostratum leaf spot (Helminthosporium leaf disease, ear and stalk rot) Setosphaeria rostrata= Helminthosporium rostratum Drechs, Rust, common corn Puccinia sorghi, Rust, southern corn, Puccinia polysora, Rust, tropical corn Physopella pallescens, Sclerotium ear rot* (southern blight) Sclerotium rolfsii, Seed rot-seedling blight Bipolaris sorokiniana, B. zeicola=Helminthosporium carbonum , Diplodia maydis , Exserohilum pedicillatum, Fusarium avenaceum , F. culmorum, F. moniliforme, F. graminearum, Macrophomina phaseolina, Penicillium spp., Phomopsis sp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, R. zeae, Sclerotium rolfsii, Spicaria sp., Selenophoma leaf spot Selenophoma sp., Sheath rot Gaeumannomyces graminis, Shuck rot Myrothecium gramineum, Silage mold Monascus purpureus, Smut, common Ustilago zeae= U. maydis, Smut, false Ustilaginoidea virens, Smut, head Sphacelotheca reiliana= Sporisorium holci-sorghi, Southern corn leaf blight and stalk rot Cochliobolus heterostrophus (anamorph: Bipolaris maydis), Southern leaf spot Stenocarpella macrospora = Diplodia macrospora Earle, Stalk rots, minor Cercospora sorghi, Fusarium episphaeria, F. merismoides, F. oxysporum, F. poae, F. roseum , F. solani , F. tricinctum, White ear rot, root and stalk rot Stenocarpella maydis= Diplodia zeae, Yellow leaf blight Ascochyta ischaemi , Phyllosticta maydis, teleomorph: Mycosphaerella zeae-maydis, Zonate leaf spot Gloeocercospora sorghi.
Diseases of Pearl Millet: Bipolaris leaf spot Bipolaris setariae, Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora penniseti,Curvularia leaf spot Curvularia penniseti, Downy mildew Sclerospora graminicola, Plasmopara penniseti, Drechslera leaf spot Drechslera dematioidea, Ergot Claviceps fusiformis, Head mold Various fungi Myrothecium leaf spot Myrothecium roridum, Phyllosticta leaf blight Phyllosticta penicillariae, Pyricularia leaf spot Pyricularia grisea, Rhizoctonia blight Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizoctonia zeae, Rust Puccinia substriata, Seedling blight, Smut Moesziomyces penicillariae, Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii, Top rot Fusarium moniliforme, Zonate leaf spot Gleocercospora sorghi.
Diseases of Sorghum: Acremonium wilt Acremonium strictum= Cephalosporium acremonium, Anthracnose (foliar, head, root and stalk rot) Colletotrichum graminicola (teleomorph: Glomerella graminicola), Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Crazy top downy mildew Sclerophthora macrospora, = Sclerospora macrospora, Damping-off and seed rot Aspergillus spp., Exserohilium sp., Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., Pythium spp.,Rhizoctonia spp., and other species, Ergot Sphacelia sorghi, (teleomorph: Claviceps sorghi), Fusarium head blight, root and stalk rot Fusarium moniliforme (teleomorph: Gibberella fujikuroi), Fusarium spp. Grain storage mold Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp. and other species, Gray leaf spot Cercospora sorghi, Latter leaf spot Cercospora fusimaculans, Leaf blight Setosphaeria turcica, Milo disease (Periconia root rot) Periconia circinata, Oval leaf spot Ramulispora sorghicola, Twisted top Gibberella fujikuroe var subglutinans, (anamorph: Fusarium moniliforme var. subglutinans), Pythium root rot Pythium spp., P. graminicola, Rough leaf spot Ascochyta sorghi, Rust Puccinia purpurea, Seedling blight and seed rot Colletotrichum graminicola, Exserohilum turcicum, Fusarium moniforme, Pythium spp., Smut, covered kernel Sporisorium sorghi=Sphacelotheca sorghi, Smut, head Sphacelotheca reiliana, Smut, loose kernel Sporisorium cruentum, Sooty stripe Ramulispora sorghi, Sorghum downy mildew Peronosclerospora sorghi= Sclerospora sorghi, Zonate leaf spot and sheath blight Gloeocercospora sorghi.
Diseases of Soybeans: Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria spp. Anthracnose Colletotrichum truncatum, Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola,Brown spot Septoria glycines,Brown stem rot Cephalosporium gregat, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Choanephora leaf blight Choanephora infundibulifera,Damping-off Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum,P. ultimum, Downy mildew Peronospora manshurica, Drechslera blight Drechslera glycines, Frogeye leaf spot Cercospora sojina, Fusarium root rot Fusarium spp., Phomopsis seed decay Phomopsis spp., Phytophthora root and stem rot Phytophthora sojae, Pod and stem blight Diaporthe phaseolorum, Powdery mildew Microsphaera diffusa, Pythium rot, Rhizoctonia aerial blight Rhizoctonia solani, Rhioctonia root and stem rot Rhizoctonia solani, Rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Southern blight (damping-off and stem rot) = Sclerotium blight Sclerotium rolfsii, Stemphylium leaf blight Stemphylium botryosum, Sudden death syndrome Fusarium solani.
Diseases of Peanut: Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria tenuissima, Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria arachidis,Alternaria alternate, Anthracnose Colletotrichum arachidis,Aspergillus crown rot Aspergillus niger, Botrytis blight Botrytis cinerea, Charcoal rot and Macrophomina leaf spot Macrophomina phaseolina,Choanephora leaf spot Choanephora spp. Collar rot Diplodia gossypina, Colletotrichum leaf spot Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Cylindrocladium black rot & leaf spot Cylindrocladium crotalariae, Damping-off, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia spp., Rhizopus spp., Drechslera leaf spot Bipolaris spicifera=Drechslera spicifera,Fusarium peg and root rot Fusarium spp., Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Leaf spot, early Cercospora arachidicola (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella arachidis), Leaf spot, late Paeoisariopsis personata= Cercosporidium personatum, Myrothecium leaf blight Myrothecium roridum, Peanut Smut Thecaphora frezii, Phoma leaf blight Phoma microspora, Phomopsis foliar blight Phomopsis phaseoli, Phomopsis leaf spot, Pod rot (pod breakdown) Fusarium equiseti, F. solani, Pythium myriotylum, Rhizoctonia solani, Powdery mildew Oidium arachidis, Pythium peg and root rot, Pythium myriotylum,P. aphanidermatum, P. debaryanum, P. irregulare, P. ultimum, Pythium wilt Pythium myriotylum, Rhizoctonia foliar blight, peg and root rot Rhizoctonia solani, Rust Puccinia arachidis, Sclerotinia blight Sclerotinia minor, S. sclerotiorum, Stem rot (southern blight) Sclerotium rolfsii, Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, Web blotch (net blotch) Phoma arachidicola= Ascochyta adzamethica, Yellow mold Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus.
Diseases of Sunflower: Alternaria leaf blight, stem spot and head rot Alternaria alternate, A. tenuis, A. helianthi, Botrytis head rot (gray mold) Botrytis cinerea, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina= Sclerotium bataticola=Rhizoctonia bataticola, Downy mildew Plasmopara halstedii, Fusarium stalk rot Fusarium equiseti, F. solani, Fusarium tabacinum, Fusarium wilt Fusarium moniliforme, F. oxysporum,Myrothecium leaf and stem spot Myrothecium roridum,Phoma black stem Phoma macdonaldii, Phomopsis brown stem canker Phomopsis spp., P. helianthi, Phymatotrichum root rot (cotton root rot) Phymatotrichopsis omnivora=Phymatotrichum omnivorum, Phytophthora stem rot Phytophthora spp., Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum (anamorph: Oidium asteris-punicei), Leveillula compositarum, L. taurica (anamorph: Oidiopsis sicula), Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Pythium seedling blight and root rot Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia seedling blight Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus head rot Rhizopus arrhizus, R. nodosus, R. microspores, R. stolonifer, R. nigricans, Rust Puccinia helianthi, Uromyces junci, Sclerotinia basal stalk rot and wilt, mid-stalk rot, head rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia minor, Sclerotium rolfsii, Septoria leaf spot Septoria helianthi , Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum, White rust, Albugo tragopogonis, Yellow rust Coleosporium helianthi (Schwein.)
Diseases of Mustard, Canola & Rape seed: Alternaria black spot Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola, A. raphani, Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (teleomorph: Glomerella cingulata), Black leg (leaf, root and stem rot) Leptosphaeria maculans (anamorph: Phoma lingam), Black root Aphanomyces raphani, Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora brassicicola, Clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae, Damping-off Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Downy mildew Peronospora parasitica, Head rot Rhizoctonia solani, Leaf spot Myrothecium roridum Phyllosticta brassicae, Powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum White rust Albugo candida, White leaf spot Pseudocercosporella capsellae, Black mold rot Rhizopus stolonifer, Black root Aphanomyces raphani, Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora brassicicola, Clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae, Downy mildew Peronospora parasitica, Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Head rot Rhizoctonia solani, Light leaf spot Pyrenopeziza brassicae, Pod rot Alternaria alternate, Cladosporium sp., Ring spot Mycosphaerella brassicicola, Root rot Alternaria alternate, Fusarium spp., Macrophomina phaseolina, Phymatotrichopsis omnivore, Phytophthora megasperma, Pythium debaryanum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Seed rot, damping-off Alternaria spp., Fusarium spp., Gliocladium roseum, Nectria ochroleuca, Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, Verticillium wilt Verticillium longisporum, White leaf spot = grey stem Pseudocercosporella capsellae = Cercosporella brassicae, White rust = staghead Albugo candida.
Diseases of Cotton: Anthracnose Glomerella gossypii, Colletotrichum gossypii, Areolate mildew Ramularia gossypii = Cercosporella gossypii, Ascochyta blight Ascochyta gossypii, Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola, Boll rot Ascochyta gossypii , Colletotrichum gossypii , Southworth Glomerella gossypii, Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Leaf spot Alternaria macrospora, A. alternate, Cercospora gossypina, Mycosphaerella gossypina, Cochliobolus spicifer, Bipolaris spicifera = Curvularia spicifera, Myrothecium roridum, Rhizoctonia solani, Stemphylium solani, Lint contamination Aspergillus flavus, Nematospora spp., Nigrospora oryzae, Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot Phymatotrichopsis omnivore = Phymatotrichum omnivorum, Powdery mildew Leveillula taurica, Oidiopsis sicula = Oidiopsis gossypii, Rust Cotton rust Puccinia schedonnardi, Sclerotium stem and root rot = southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii, Seedling disease complex Colletotrichum gossypii, Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Thielaviopsis basicola, Stem canker Phoma exigua, Verticillium wilt Verticillium dahliae.
Diseases of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L): Alternaria leaf and pod spot Alternaria alternate, Alternaria brassicae, Alternaria brassicicola, Angular leaf spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum,Aphanomyces root and hypocotyl rot Aphanomyces euteiches, Ashy stem blight (charcoal rot) Macrophomina phaseolina, Black node disease (Ascochyta leaf spot) Phoma exigua= Ascochyta phaseolorum, Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola, Cercospora leaf spot and blotch Pseudocercospora cruenta, Mycosphaerella cruenta, Cercospora canescens, Cercospora phaseoli, Cercospora caracallae, Chaetoseptoria leaf spot Chaetoseptoria wellmanii, Damping-off and stem rot, Rhizoctonia Rhizoctonia solani, Damping-off, Pythium spp., Diaporthe pod blight Diaporthe phaseolorum , Downy mildew Phytophthora nicotianae, Entyloma leaf smut Entyloma petunia, Floury leaf spot Mycovellosiella phaseoli, Fusarium root rot Fusarium solani, Gray leaf spot Cercospora vanderysti, Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Pink pod rot Trichothecium roseum, Powdery mildew Erysiphe polygoni, Rust Uromyces appendiculatus, Scab Elsinoe phaseoli, Soybean rust Phakopsora pachyrhizi {Asian Soybean Rust}.
Diseases of Chickpea: Acrophialophora wilt Acrophialophora fusispora, Alternaria blight Alternaria alternate, Alternaria tenuissima, Aphanomyces root rot Aphanomyces euteiches, Ascochyta blight Ascochyta rabiei, Black root rot Fusarium solani, Black streak root rot Thielaviopsis basicola, Botrytis gray mold Botrytis cinerea , Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum blight Colletotrichum capsici, Colletotrichum dematium, Cylindrocladium root rot Cylindrocladium clavatum, Downy mildew Peronospora sp., Dry root rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium root rot Fusarium acuminatum, Fusarium arthrosporioides, Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Neocosmospora root rot Neocosmospora vasinfecta, Phoma blight Phoma medicaginis, Phytophthora root rot Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora cryptogea,Phytophthora drechslera, Phytophthora megasperma, Pleospora leaf spot Pleospora herbarum, Powdery mildewLeveillula taurica, Erysiphe sp., Rust Uromyces ciceris-arietini, Uromyces striatus, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum, Scopulariopsis leaf spot Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Seedling or seed rot Aspergillus flavus, Trichothecium roseum, Stemphylium blight Stemphylium sarciniforme, Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum, Verticillium dahliae, Wet root rot Rhizoctonia solani.
Diseases of Lentil & Peas: Alternaria blight Alternaria alternate, Anthracnose Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, Colletotrichum truncatum, Aphanomyces root rot Aphanomyces euteiches, Ascochyta blight Ascochyta fabae, Black root rot Fusarium solani, Black streak root rot Thielaviopsis basicola, Botrytis gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora cruenta, Cercospora lensii, Cercospora zonata, Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii, Cylindrosporium leaf spot and stem canker Cylindrosporium sp., Downy mildew Peronospora lentis, Peronospora viciae, Dry root rot Macrophomina phaseolina= Rhizoctonia bataticola, Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium leaf spot Helminthosporium sp., Leaf rot Choanephora sp., Leaf yellowing Cladosporium herbarum, Phoma leaf spot Phoma medicaginis, Powdery mildew Erysiphe pisi= Erysiphe polygoni, Leveillula taurica= Leveillula leguminosarum, Pythium root and seedling rot Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium ultimum, Rust Uromyces craccae, Uromyces viciae-fabae, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Stemphylium blight Stemphylium botryosum, Stemphylium sarciniforme.
Diseases of Pigeonpea: Alternaria blight Alternaria alternate, Alternaria tenuissima, Anthracnose Colletotrichum cajani, Colletotrichum truncatum, Armillaria root rot Armillaria mellea, Botryodiplodia blight Lasiodiplodia theobromae= Botryodiplodia theobromae, Botrytis gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Cercoseptoria leaf spot Cercoseptoria cajanicola, Cercospora leaf spot Mycovellosiella cajani= Cercospora cajani, Cercospora indica, Cercospora instabilis, Cercospora thirumalacharii, Cladosporium leaf blight Cladosporium oxysporum, Collar rot Sclerotium rolfsii= Corticium rolfsii, Colletotrichum stem canker Colletotrichum crassipes, Damping-off Pythium aphanidermatum, Dieback and stem canker Colletotrichum capsici, Diplodia stem canker Diplodia cajani, Dry root rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium leaf blight Fusarium pallidoroseum, Fusarium seedling rot Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium wilt Fusarium udum, Halo blight Pseudomonas syringae, Macrophomina stem canker Macrophomina phaseolina, Myrothecium leaf spot Myrothecium gramineum, Periconia leaf spot Periconia byssoides, Phaeoisariopsis leaf spot Phaeoisariopsis griseola, Phoma stem canker Phoma cajani, Phyllosticta leaf spot Phyllosticta cajani, Phytophthora root rot and stem blight Phytophthora drechslera, Powdery mildew Leveillula taurica, Rust Uredo cajani, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Seedling or seed rot Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Wet root rot Rhizoctonia solani.
Diseases of Sugarcane: Black rot Ceratocystis adipose, Black stripe Cercospora atrofiliformis, Brown spot Cercospora longipes, Downy mildew Peronosclerospora sacchari, Fusarium sett and stem rot Gibberella fujikuroi, Leaf blast Didymosphaeria taiwanensis, Leaf blight Leptosphaeria taiwanensis,Red leaf spot (purple spot) Dimeriella sacchari, Red rot Glomerella tucumanensis, Red rot of leaf sheath and sprout rot Athelia rolfsii, Rhizoctonia sheath and shoot rot Rhizoctonia solani, Rust, common Puccinia melanocephala, Seedling blight Alternaria alternate, Bipolaris sacchari, Cochliobolus hawaiiensis, Curvularia lunata, Setosphaeria rostrata, Drechslera halodes, Sheath rot Cytospora sacchari, Smut Ustilago scitaminea, Wilt Fusarium sacchari, Zonate leaf spot Gloeocercospora sorghi.
Diseases of Carrot: Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria dauci, Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola , Black rot (black carrot root dieback) Alternaria radicina=Stemphylium radicinum , Brown rot (Phoma disease) Leptosphaeria libanotis, Phoma rostrupii, Cavity spot Pythium spp., Pythium violae, Rhizoctonia spp., Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora carotae, Cottony rot Sclerotinia minor, Crown rot Rhizoctonia spp., Downy mildew Plasmopara crustosa, Leaf spot Ramularia spp., Powdery mildew Erysiphe heraclei, E. polygoni, E. umbelliferaum.
Diseases of Cucurbits: Alternaria leaf blight Alternaria cucumerina, Alternaria leaf spot Alternaria alternata f. sp. Cucurbitae, Anthracnose (stem, leaf and fruit) Colletotrichum orbiculare, Belly rot Rhizoctonia solani, Black root rot Thielaviopsis basicola, Blue mold rot Penicillium spp., P. digitatum, Cephalosporium root and hypocotyl rot, stem streak and dieback Acremonium spp.= Cephalosporium spp., Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora citrullina, Charcoal rot (vine decline and fruit rot) Macrophomina phaseolina, Choanephora fruit rot Choanephora cucurbitarum, Crown and foot rot Fusarium solani, Damping-off Acremonium spp., Fusarium spp., F. equiseti, Phytophthora sp., Pythium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Downy mildew Pseudoperonospora cubensis, Fusarium fruit rot Fusarium equiseti,Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum, Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Gummy stem blight (vine decline) Didymella bryoniae= Mycosphaerella melonis, Powdery mildew Sphaerotheca fuliginea, Erysiphe cichoracearum, Pythium fruit rot (cottony leak) Pythium spp., Rhizopus soft rot (fruit) Rhizopus stolonifer, Scab/gummosis Cladosporium cucumerinum, Sclerotinia stem rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Septoria leaf blight Septoria cucurbitacearum, Sudden wilt Pythium aphanidermatum, Ulocladium leaf spot Ulocladium consortiale, Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, Web blight Rhizoctonia solani.
Diseases of Onion and Garlic: Black mold Aspergillus niger, Blue mold Penicillium aurantiogriseum, = Penicillium cyclopium, Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium hirsutum, Penicillium funiculosum, Penicillium oxalicum, Botrytis brown stain Botrytis cinerea, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Botrytis leaf blight Botrytis squamosa, Botrytis rot of garlic Botrytis porri , Botryotinia porri, Cercospora leaf spot Cercospora duddiae, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina =Sclerotium bataticola, Diplodia stain Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Diplodia natalensis= Botryodiplodia theobromae, Downy mildew Peronospora destructor, Flower and capsule blight Botrytis aclada, Botrytis allii, Botrytis squamosa, Botryotinia squamosa, Botrytis cinerea, Botryotinia fuckeliana, Fusarium basal rot Fusarium oxysporum,Fusarium bulb rot of onion and garlic Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium damping-off Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium verticillioides= Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium subglutinans, Fusarium proliferatum= Cephalosporium proliferatum, Fusarium solani, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium tricinctum, Leaf blotch Cladosporium allii-cepae, Mycosphaerella allii-cepae, Mushy rot Rhizopus microspores, Rhizopus stolonifer, Mycelial neck rot Botrytis byssoidea, Botryotinia allii, Neck rot Botrytis aclada, Botrytis allii, Penicillium decay of garlic Penicillium hirsutum, Pink root Phoma terrestris, Powdery mildew Leveillula taurica, Oidiopsis sicula Scalia, Purple blotch Alternaria porri, Pythium seed rot and damping-off Pythium irregulare, Pythium coloratum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium mamillatum, Pythium paroecandrum, Pythium rostratum, Pythium spinosum, Pythium sylvaticum , Pythium torulosum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium vexans, Rhizoctonia seed rot and seedling disease Rhizoctonia solani, Rust Puccinia allii, Scape blight Botrytis aclada, Botrytis allii, Botrytis porri, Botrytis squamosa, Sclerotinia rot Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Smudge Colletotrichum circinans, Smut Urocystis colchici, Stemphylium leaf blight and stalk rot Stemphylium vesicarium, White rot Sclerotium cepivorum.
Diseases of Pepper (Capsicum spp.): Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. capsici, Glomerella cingulata, Cercospora (frogeye) leaf spot Cercospora capsici, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Choanephora blight (wet rot) Choanephora cucurbitarum, Damping-off and root rot Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora spp., Fusarium spp., Pythium spp., Downy mildew Peronospora tabacina, Fusarium stem rot Fusarium solani, Fusarium wilt Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Capsici,Gray leaf spot Stemphylium solani, Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora blight Phytophthora capsici, Powdery mildew Oidiopsis sicula, Leveillula taurica, Southern blight Sclerotium rolfsii, Verticillium wilt erticillium dahliae, White mold Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Diseases of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.): Brown spot and Black pit Alternaria alternate, Cercospora leaf blotch Mycovellosiella concors= Cercospora concors, Cercospora solani, Early blight Alternaria solani, Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Late blight Phytophthora infestans, Phoma leaf spot Phoma andigena, Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum, Powdery scab Spongospora subterranean, Rhizoctonia canker and black scurf Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria leaf spot Septoria lycopersici, Silver scurf Helminthosporium solani, Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum.
Diseases of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Alternaria stem canker Alternaria alternate f. sp. Lycopersici, , Anthracnose Colletotrichum coccodes, Black mold Alternaria alternate, Buckeye rot Phytophthora capsici, Charcoal rot Macrophomina phaseolina, Didymella stem rot Didymella lycopersici, Early blight Alternaria tomatophila, Fusarium foot rot Fusarium solani, Gray leaf spot Stemphylium botryosum f. sp. Lycopersici,Gray mold Botrytis cinerea, Gray mold rot (Botrytis fruit rot) Botrytis cinerea, Late blight Phytophthora infestans,Phoma rot Phoma destructiva var. destructive, Phytophthora root rot Phytophthora capsici,Powdery mildew, Leveillula taurica, Pythium damping-off and stem rot Pythium aphanidermatum, P. debaryanum, P. ultimum, Rhizoctonia damping-off, root rot, stem rot, sem canker, foliar blight, fruit rot Rhizoctonia solani, Septoria leaf spot Septoria lycopersici, Verticillium wilt Verticillium albo-atrum, V. dahliae, White mold Sclerotinia minor, S. sclerotiorum.
Diseases of Apple: Alternaria blotch Alternaria mali, Alternaria rot Alternaria alternate, American brown rot Monilinia fructicola, Anthracnose canker and bull's-eye rot Cryptosporiopsis curvispora, Apple scab Venturia inaequalis, Apple ring rot and canker Botryosphaeria berengeriana, Armillaria root rot = shoestring root rot Armillaria mellea, Bitter rot Glomerella cingulata, Black pox Helminthosporium papulosum, Black root rot Xylaria mali, Black rot, frogeye leafspot and canker Botryosphaeria obtuse, Blister canker = nailhead canker Biscogniauxia marginata, Blue mold Penicillium spp., Brooks fruit spot Mycosphaerella pomi, Brown rot blossom blight and spur infection Monilinia laxa, (Aderhold & Ruhland) Honey, Clitocybe root rot Armillaria tabescens = Clitocybe tabescens, Diaporthe canker Diaporthe tanakae, Phomopsis tanakae, Diplodia canker Botryosphaeria stevensii, Diplodia mutila, Fruit blotch, leaf spot and twig canker Phyllosticta solitaria, Glomerella leaf spot Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Gray mold rot = dry eye rot, blossom-end rot Botrytis cinerea, Leptosphaeria canker and fruit rot Diapleella coniothyrium = Leptosphaeria coniothyrium, Leucostoma canker and dieback Leucostoma cincta, Cytospora cincta, Marssonina blotch Diplocarpon mali, Marssonina coronaria, Moldy core and core rot Alternaria spp., Cladosporium spp., Coniothyrium sp., Epicoccum spp., Pleospora herbarum, Stemphylium spp., Ulocladium spp., Monilia leaf blight Monilinia mali, Monochaetia twig canker Seiridium unicorne =Monochaetia mali, Perennial canker Neofabrae perennans, Cryptosporiopsis perennans, Phomopsis canker, fruit decay and rough bark Phomopsis mali, Phymatotrichum root rot = cotton root rot Phymatotrichopsis omnivore, Phytophthora crown, collar and root rot = sprinkler rot Phytophthora spp., Pink mold rot Trichothecium roseum = Cephalothecium roseum, Powdery mildew Podosphaera leucotricha.
Diseases of Banana: Anthracnose Colletotrichum musae, Armillaria corn rot Armillaria mellea,Black leaf streak (black Sigatoka) Mycosphaerella fijiensis, Black root rot Rosellinia bunodes, Brown spot Cercospora hayi, Ceratocystis fruit rot Ceratocystis paradoxa, Cigar-end Verticillium theobromae, Crown rot Fusarium pallidoroseum, Colletotrichum musae, Verticillium theobromae, Fusarium spp., Cylindrocladium root rot Cylindrocladium spp., Eyespot Dreschslera gigantean, Fruit rot Botryosphaeria ribis, Fungal root-rot Fusarium solani, Fusarium wilt (Panama disease) Fusarium oxysporum, Leaf spot Curvularia eragrostidis, Drechslera musae-sapientum, Leptosphaeria musarum, Pestalotiopsis disseminate, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Sigatoka (yellow Sigatoka) Mycosphaerella musicola.
Diseases of Citrus (Citrus spp.): Alternaria brown spot Alternaria alternate, Anthracnose = wither-tip Glomerella cingulata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Black mold rot Aspergillus niger, Botrytis blossom and twig blight, gummosis Botrytis cinerea, Brown rot (fruit) Phytophthora citricola, P. citrophthora, Diplodia gummosis and stem-end rot Lasiodiplodia theobromae = Botryodiplodia theobromae, Leaf spot Mycosphaerella horii, Phytophthora foot rot, gummosis and root rot Phytophthora citrophthora.
Diseases of Grape (Vitis spp.): Alternaria rot Alternaria alternate, Anthracnose and bird's-eye rot Elsinoe ampelina (anamorph: Sphaceloma ampelinum), Berry rots and raisin molds Ascochyta sp., Aspergillus aculeatus, Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Helminthosporium spp., Monilia sp., Stemphylium botryosum, Botrytis bunch rot and blight (Gray mold) Botrytis cinerea (teleomorph: Botryotinia fuckeliana) Cercospora leaf spot (cercosporiose) Phaeoramularia dissiliens = Cercospora sp., Diplodia cane dieback and bunch rot (Cane-tip blight) Lasiodiplodia theobromae =Diplodia natalensis, Downy mildew Plasmopara viticola, Powdery mildew Uncinula necator, Wood rot (decay) Cephalosporium spp., Phellinus igniarius, Stereum hirsutum.
Diseases of Mango (Mangifera indica L.): Alternaria leaf spots Alternaria alternate, Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Black mold rot Aspergillus niger, Black rot Ceratocystis paradoxa, Blossom blight Botrytis cinerea, Branch canker Botryosphaeria ribis, Fusicoccum sp., Ceratocystis wilt Ceratocystis fimbriata, Dieback Botryosphaeria disrupta, Fruit rot Alternaria alternate, Phytophthora nicotianae, Leaf blight Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Leaf spot Curvularia lunata, Leptosphaeria sp., Macrophoma sp., Phaeosphaerella mangiferae, Phoma sorghina, Pseudocercospora mali, Septoria sp., Verticillium lecanii. Mango malformation Fusarium subglutinans, Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum, Stem canker Phoma sp., Stem end rot Botryosphaeria rhodina, Twig blight Diaporthe spp.,
Diseases of Papaya: Alternaria fruit spot Alternaria alternate, Angular leaf spot Leveillula taurica, Anthracnose Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Black spot Asperisporium caricae, Cercospora papaya, Brown spot Corynespora cassiicola, Collar rot Cylindrocladium crotalariae, Damping off/ Root rot Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Phytophthora palmivora, Pythium aphanidermatum,Pythium debaryanum, Rhizoctonia solani, Dry rot Phoma caricae-papayae, Fruit rot Monilia sp., Fruit spot Cercospora mamaonis, Fusarium fruit rot Fusarium solani, Greasy spot Corynespora cassiicola, Leaf spot Alternaria sp., Cercospora mamaonis, Choanephora cucurbitarum, Curvularia carica-papayae, Powdery mildew Erysiphe cichoracearum, Oidium caricae, Rhizopus soft rot Rhizopus stolonifer.

The synergistic fungicidal compositions of the present invention comprising of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agro chemically active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin in addition further comprises of at least one inactive excipient including but not limited to dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent,wetting agent, suspension aid,anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents (also referred to as “stickers” or “binders”) and buffering agent.

A dispersant is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lignosulphonates. For suspension concentrates, very good adsorption and stabilization are obtained using polyelectrolytes, such as sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates. Tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters are also used. Nonionics such as alkylarylethylene oxide condensates and EO-PO block copolymers are sometimes combined with anionics as dispersants for suspension concentrates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces. Examples of dispersants used herein include but not limited to sodium lignosulphonates; sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensates; tristyrylphenolethoxylate phosphate esters; aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates; alky ethoxylates; EO-PO block copolymers; and graft copolymers or mixtures thereof.

Anti-freezing agent as used herein can be selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycols, methoxypolyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, glycerin and ethylene glycol.

Water-based formulations often cause foam during mixing operations in production. In order to reduce the tendency to foam, anti-foam agents are often added either during the production stage or before filling into bottles. Generally, there are two types of anti-foam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl polysiloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water-insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.

A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules. Examples of wetting agents used in wettable powder, suspension concentrate, and water-dispersible granule formulations include but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate; alkyl phenol ethoxylates; and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates or mixtures thereof.

Suspension aid in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).

Biocides / Microorganisms cause spoilage of formulated products. Therefore anti-microbial agents are used to eliminate or reduce their effect. Examples of such agents include, but are not limited to: propionic acid and its sodium salt; sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salts; benzoic acid and its sodium salt; p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, parahydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.

Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspoemulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.

The quick coating agentcan be a conventionally available sticker, for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylate polymers and copolymers, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymersand mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof.

Buffering agent as used herein is selected from group consisting of calcium hydroxyapatite, PottasiumDihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.

The solvent for the formulation of the present invention may include water, water-soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. The water-soluble alcohol which can be used in the present invention may be lower alcohols or water-soluble macromolecular alcohols. The term "lower alcohol", as used herein, represents an alcohol having 1-4 carbon atoms, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, etc. Macromolecular alcohol is not limited, as long as it may be dissolved in water in a suitable amount range, e.g., polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol, etc. The examples of suitable dihydroxy alcohol ethers used in the present invention may be dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ethers or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, dipropylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, dipropylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the above mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combination thereof.

The wettable dry granules (WDG) can be applied after disintegration and dispersion in water. Water dispersible granules can be formed by a) agglomeration, b) spray drying, or c) extrusion techniques.

WDG formulations offer a number of advantages in packaging, ease of handling and safety. The WDG are preferably of uniform size and which are free flowing, low dusting and readily disperse in water to form a homogenous solution of very small particles which may pass through conventional spray nozzles. Ideally WDG formulations when dispersed in water under gentle agitation for five minutes have residues of less than 0.01% on a 150 µm sieve screen and less than 0.5% on a 53 µm screen. The granules can usually be measured accurately by volume which is convenient for the end user.

Wettable powders can be prepared by dissolving insecticide in sufficient solvent with or without heating to give a solution and spraying the resulting solution onto a solid carrier or diluent. Alternatively insecticides which are solid and of a friable nature may be blended and ground with mineral diluents. The carriers generally used for wettable powders are sorbent inorganic materials commonly of mineral origin such as the kaolinites, montmorillonites, attapulgites, diatomaceous earths and vermiculites. Diluents generally used in toxicant formulations are such inert solids as talc, pyrophyllite, frianite, pumice and as per the knowledge of a person skilled in the art.

Oil dispersion (OD) formulation can be prepared by below mentioned general process;
The organic solvent is charged into a vessel and the clay or silica type rheology modifier is added into the vessel with high shear mixing to allow complete wetting of the rheology modifier. The insecticide, safener, dispersants, and emulsifier may then be added to the vessel under shearing conditions until the formation of uniform oil dispersion is achieved. The polymer or oligomer capable of hydrogen bonding may be introduced into the oil dispersion at a point where the desired thickening effect is achieved.

The SC formulation can be prepared by below described method;
STEP-I: Addinganti-microbial agentand gum in water under continuous stirring followed by slow addition. Continuing stirring until homogeneous dispersion is formed.
STEP-II: Mixing anti-freezing agent, dispersant, wetting agent, anti-microbial agentand anti-foaming agent in water for 30 minute until homogeneous solution is formed. Finally add Thiophanate methyl and another agro chemically active ingredient (selected from Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin) is added slowly under continuous stirring at 30 minutes till homogeneous dispersion is obtained. Milling the slurry through bead mill until required particle size is achieved.
Step-III: Adding rest of water, anti-foaming agent and gum solutionunder continuous stirring to get desired viscosity of the suspension. Continue stirring for about 4 hr to obtain homogeneous formulation.

ZC formulation can be prepared by a) preparing SC formulation of one ingredient. B) Preparing CS formulation of another ingredient and finally mixing SC and CS formulation with stirring to obtain the final ZC formulation.

Emulsifiable concentrate (EC) formulations are a blend of insecticide, organic solvent, and surfactants. When the solution is diluted into water, a spontaneous milky emulsion forms with dispersed phase droplets. When sprayed, this dilute emulsion gives a uniform and accurate application of insecticide on the crop, which is essential for effective pest control. The formulation of the insecticide into an Emulsifiable Concentrate can ensure uniform spreading and wetting under normal spray and weather conditions.

In addition, the synergistically enhanced action of the mixtures manifests itself, for example, in lower rates of application and/ or in a longer duration of action and/or higher crop yields. Such enhancements were not to be expected from the sum of the actions of the individual components.

The process for preparing the present synergisticfungicidal compositionscan be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of the manufacturing the formulation. However all such variation and modification is still covered by the scope of present invention.

EXAMPLES
Example 1: Thiophanate Methyl 15%+Carboxin 15% FS (Flowable Suspension)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 16.00
2 Carboxin (96%) 16.10
3 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.00
4 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
6 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
5 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
6 Bentonite Clay 1.50
7 Silicone antifoam 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
9 Glycol 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.20
11 D.M. Water 54.55
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenise, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and dend to QC for quality check

Example 2: Thiophanate Methyl 15%+Carboxin 15% SE (Suspo emulsion)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 16.00
2 Thiram (96%) 16.10
3 Sovent C-9 15.00
4 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 5.00
6 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
5 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
6 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
7 Bentonite Clay 1.50
8 Silicone antifoam 0.50
9 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
10 Glycol 5.00
11 Polysaccharides 0.2
12 D.M. Water 36.55
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use. Take required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer and homogenise, then slowly add gum powder to it and stir till complete dissolution.
Step 2 Charge required quantity of DM water need to be taken in designated vessel for Flowable concentrate/ Suspension concentrate/ Flowable slurry production.
Step 3 Add required quantity of Wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/deye and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4 Then add technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ are added to it and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5 Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to three cycles of grinding in Dyno mill.
Step 6 Half quantity of the antifoam was added along with antifreeze after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7 Now add the second technical dissolved in solvent and emulsifier into this formulation vessel
Step 8 Finally add gum solution to this formulation and dend to QC for quality check

Example 3: Thiophanate Methyl 35%+Carboxin 35% WG (Wettable Granules)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 36.60
2 Thiram (96%) 37.00
3 Sodium Polycarboxylate 10.00
4 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 4.00
6 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 Starch 10.00
7 China clay 6.40
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.
Step 4 Finely grinded powder is mixer with required quantity of water to form extrudable dough.
Step 5 Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 6 Wet granuleas are passed through Fluidised bed drier and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 7 Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 8 After approval material is packed in requied pack sizes.

Example 4: Thiophanate Methyl 35%+Carboxin 35% WP (Wettable Powder)

Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 36.60
2 Thiram (96%) 37.00
3 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 8.00
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
6 Silica 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 China clay 7.40
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure:
Step 1 Charge the required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical in premixing blender for homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2 Pre-blended material is than grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3 Homogeneous material is analysed. After getting approval from QC dept. material is unloaded into 25 kg. HDPE bag with LDPE liner inside.

Example 5: Thiophanate Methyl 15%+Thiram 15% FS (Flowable Suspension)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 16.00
2 Thiram (96%) 16.10
3 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.00
4 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
6 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
5 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
6 Bentonite Clay 1.50
7 Silicone antifoam 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
9 Glycol 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.20
11 D.M. Water 54.55
TOTAL 100.00

Example 6: Thiophanate Methyl 15%+Thiram 15% SE (Suspo emulsion)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 16.00
2 Thiram (96%) 16.10
3 Sovent C-9 15.00
4 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 5.00
6 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
5 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
6 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
7 Bentonite Clay 1.50
8 Silicone antifoam 0.50
9 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
10 Glycol 5.00
11 Polysaccharides 0.2
12 D.M. Water 36.55
TOTAL 100.00

Example 7: Thiophanate Methyl 35%+Thiram 35% WG (Wettable Granules)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 36.60
2 Thiram (96%) 37.00
3 Sodium Polycarboxylate 10.00
4 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 4.00
6 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 Starch 10.00
7 China clay 6.40
TOTAL 100.00

Example 8: Thiophanate Methyl 35%+Thiram 35% WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 36.60
2 Thiram (96%) 37.00
3 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 8.00
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
6 Silica 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 China clay 7.40
TOTAL 100.00

Example 9: Thiophanate Methyl 20%+Metalaxyl M 7.5% FS (Flowable Suspension)

Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 21.10
2 Metalaxyl-M (95%) 8.20
3 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 3.00
4 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
6 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
5 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
6 Bentonite Clay 1.50
7 Silicone antifoam 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
9 Glycol 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.20
11 D.M. Water 56.30
TOTAL 100.00

Example 10: Thiophanate Methyl 15%+Metalaxyl M 10% SE (Suspo emulsion)

Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 15.70
2 Metalaxyl-M (95%) 10.8
3 Solvent C-9 10.00
4 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 5.00
6 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
5 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
6 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
7 Bentonite Clay 1.50
8 Silicone antifoam 0.50
9 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
10 Glycol 5.00
11 Polysaccharides 0.20
12 D.M. Water 44.30
TOTAL 100.00

Example 11: Thiophanate Methyl 30%+Metalaxyl M 20% WG (Wettable Granules)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 31.40
2 Metalaxyl-M (95%) 21.60
3 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 2.00
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 10.00
6 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 4.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
6 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
7 Starch 5.00
8 Urea formaldehyde resin 20.00
TOTAL 100.00

Exaple 12: Thiophanate Methyl 20%+Validamycin A 4% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 21.10
2 Validamycin A (95%) 4.70
3 Sodium Polycarboxylate 10.00
4 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 4.00
6 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 Starch 25.00
7 China clay 29.20
TOTAL 100.00
Example 13: Thiophanate Methyl 20%+Validamycin A 4% WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 21.10
2 Validamycin A (95%) 4.70
3 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 8.00
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
6 Silica 25.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 China clay 35.20
TOTAL 100.00

Exmple 14: Thiophanate Methyl 24%+Validamycin A 3% SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 25.25
2 Validamycin A (95%) 3.70
3 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.00
4 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
6 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
5 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
6 Bentonite Clay 1.50
7 Silicone antifoam 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
9 Glycol 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.20
11 D.M. Water 57.65
TOTAL 100.00

Example 15: Thiophanate Methyl 40%+Metominostrobin 25% WDG (Water Dispersible Granules)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 41.75
2 Metominostrobin (95%) 26.80
3 Sodium Polycarboxylate 10.00
4 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 4.00
6 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 Starch 5.00
7 China clay 6.45
TOTAL 100.00

Exmple 16: Thiophanate Methyl 40%+Metominostrobin 25% WP (Wettable Powder)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 41.75
2 Metominostrobin (95%) 26.80
3 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 8.00
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 5.00
6 Silica 5.00
5 Silicone based antifoam 1.00
6 China clay 12.45
TOTAL 100.00

Example 17: Thiophanate Methyl 25%+Metominostrobin 10% SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Composition %
1 Thiophanate-methyl (97%) 26.30
2 Metominostrobin (95%) 11.00
3 Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol 2.00
4 Nonionic polyalkylene glycol ether 0.50
6 Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
5 Alkylated naphtalene sulfonate, sodium salt 0.50
6 Bentonite Clay 1.50
7 Silicone antifoam 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.20
9 Glycol 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.20
11 D.M. Water 49.30
TOTAL 100.00

Procedure of Example 5 to Example 17 are prepared as per the process as defined in Example 1 to Example 5.

Example 18: Storage stability data
Comparison of the stability of formulations
The stability of each of the fromulation of Example 1 to Example 17 was tested for 1 month to 24 month stability at room temperature and specific and elevated temperature study under the following conditions: Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days and Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days. The required parameters studied are active content, pH, Persistent Foaming, Suspensibility, Pourability and Viscosity was studied Respective amounts were measured using different instrumets and parametes. The results are shown in the Table below of Examples 1 to 17. The results was found satisfactory and this formulation is passing in all physicochemical properties.
Storage stability Study of the fromulation of Example 1 to Example 17
Parameters Specification
In House Initial Heat stability study at 54 + 2 0C for 14 days Cold storage stability at 0 + 2 0C for 14 days
Description Off-white liquid Complies Complies Complies
TPM Content 14.75-15.75 Complies Complies Complies
TPM Suspensibility Mini 80% Complies Complies Complies
Othe fungicides Content 14.75-15.75 Complies Complies Complies
Othe fungicides Suspensibility Mini 80% Complies Complies Complies
pH 5.0-9.0 Complies Complies Complies
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 Complies Complies Complies
Pourability 95 % min Complies Complies Complies
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 Complies Complies Complies
Viscosity 350 -900 cps Complies Complies Complies

Rom temperature storage data of the fromulation of Example 1 to Example 17
Specification Study Duration
Parameters In House 1 month 6 month 12 months 24 months
Description Off-white liquid Complies Complies Complies Complies
TPM Content 14.75-15.75 Complies Complies Complies Complies
TPM Suspensibility Mini 80% Complies Complies Complies Complies
Othe fungicides Content 14.75-15.75 Complies Complies Complies Complies
Othe fungicides Suspensibility Mini 80% Complies Complies Complies Complies
pH 5.0-9.0 Complies Complies Complies Complies
Particle size D50 <3, D90 <10 Complies Complies Complies Complies
Pourability 95 % min Complies Complies Complies Complies
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 Complies Complies Complies Complies
Viscosity 350 -900 cps Complies Complies Complies Complies

Example 19
Field efficacy trials
The synergistic pesticidal action of the inventive mixtures can be demonstrated by the experiments below.
A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination (ready-mix) of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater fungicidal activity than the sum of the fungicidal activities of the individual components.
In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
XY
E = X + Y - -----------
100
in which E represents the expected percentage of fungicidal control for the combination of the two fungicides at defined dose (for example equal to x and y respectively), X is the percentage of fungicidal control observed by active ingredient I at defined dose (equal to x) and Y is the percentage of fungicidal control observed by Active Ingredient II (equal to Y). When the percentage of fungicidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergistic effect.
Example A: Soybean (Glycine max L.) seed treatment
To determine treatment effect on plant disease control, 100 soybean seed of each treatment are planted in plastic pot containing loamy soil. This soil was charged with three major fungal pathogen i.e. Sclerotium sp, Macrophomina sp., and Rhizoctonia sp. Which caused pre-emergence rot, seedling rot, root rot and significantly affecting plant population stand in early stage of the growth. The planted plastic pots were maintained in green house with bottom watering. The germination count and severity of root rot and seedling rot were taken and then percent germination, percent disease control is calculated for each treatment based on untreated control. The effect of root rot, seedling rot on plant population was recorded at 25 days after planting. The final plant stand / plant population was presented below in the table. The synergistic effect was calculated by Colbys formula given above.
Table 1: Effect of seed treatment on plant population of Soybean
No Treatment Details Active Ingredients (g/10 kg seed) Formulation/10 kg seed Plant Population at 25 DAS
Observed Value Calculated Value Synergistic effect
1 TPM 15%+CAR 15%, FS 11.25+11.25 75 92 83.80 1.10
2 TPM 10%+CAR 15%, FS 7.5+11.25 75 93 82.00 1.13
3 TPM 15%+CAR 10%, FS 11.25+7.5 75 90 82.00 1.10
4 TPM 15%+CAR 15%, SE 11.25+11.25 75 89 83.80 1.06
5 TPM 35%+CAR 35%, WG 10.5+10.5 30 92 82.45 1.12
6 TPM 35%+CAR 35%, WP 10.5+10.5 30 91 82.45 1.10
7 TPM 70%WP + CAR 75%WS (tank mix) 11.25+11.25 16.1+15 74 83.80 0.88
8 TPM 70%WP + CAR 75%WS (tank mix) 7.5+11.25 10.7+15 71 82.00 0.87
9 TPM 70%WP + CAR 75%WS (tank mix) 11.25+7.5 16.1+10 70 82.00 0.85
10 TPM 70%WP + CAR 75%WS (tank mix) 10.5+10.5 15+14 67 82.45 0.81
11 TPM 15%+Thiram 15%, FS 11.25+11.25 75 90 85.96 1.05
12 TPM 10%+Thiram 15%, FS 7.5+11.25 75 88 84.40 1.04
13 TPM 15%+Thiram 10%, FS 11.25+7.5 75 90 83.08 1.08
14 TPM 15%+Thiram 15%, SE 11.25+11.25 75 93 85.96 1.08
15 TPM 35%+Thiram 35%, WG 10.5+10.5 30 90 83.23 1.08
16 TPM 35%+Thiram 35%, WP 10.5+10.5 30 91 83.23 1.09
17 TPM 70%WP + Thiram 75%WS (tank mix) 11.25+11.25 16.1+15 69 85.96 0.80
18 TPM 70%WP +Thiram 75%WS (tank mix) 7.5+11.25 10.7+15 67 84.40 0.79
19 TPM 70%WP +Thiram 75%WS (tank mix) 11.27+7.5 16.1+10 68 83.08 0.82
20 TPM 70%WP +Thiram 75%WS (tank mix) 10.5+10.5 15+14 64 83.23 0.77
21 TPM 70%WP 11.25 16.1 64 _ _
22 TPM 70%WP 7.5 10.7 60 _ _
23 TPM 70%WP 10.5 15.0 61 _ _
24 CAR 75% WS 11.25 15.0 55 _ _
25 CAR 75% WS 7.5 10.0 50 _ _
26 CAR 75% WS 10.5 14.0 55 _ _
27 Thiram 75% WS 11.25 16.1 61 _ _
28 Thiram 75% WS 7.5 10.7 53 _ _
29 Thiram 75% WS 10.5 15.0 57 _ _
30 Untreated Check _ _ 34 _ _
Note: TPM- Thiophanate Methyl, CAR-Carboxin, DAS – Days after Sowing, FS- Flowable Suspension, SE- Suspo emulsion, WG- Wettable Granules, WP- Wettable Powder, WS- Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment.
Plant population count of soybean clearly indicates that the ready mix of Thiophanate Methyl+ Carboxin and Thiophanate Methyl +Thiram shows high synergism in terms of plant population stand as compared to their individual use. This synergism is also clearly evident in all the ready mix novel formulations i.e. FS, SE, WG and WP as compared to their physical mixtures or tank mixers.
Example B: Mung bean / Green gram (Vigna radiate L.) seed treatment
The fungicidal action of novel formulations (FS, SE and WG) of Thiophanate Methyl + Metalaxyl-M was evaluated on green gram through seed treatment. The treated seed (100 number per pot) were planted in plastic pot which contain Pythium sp., Rhizoctonia sp. sick soil. The regular watering was done and pots were maintained in green house. The observations on germination (%), disease severity of damping off and root rot were recorded and Percent Disease Index also calculated. The impact of fungicide on both the fungus finally evaluated by counting final plant population stand at 30 days after planting/sowing. The synergistic effect was calculated by Colbys formula given above.
Table 2: Effect of seed treatment on plant population of Green gram / Mung bean
No Treatments Details Active Ingredients (g/10 kg seed) Dose/ 10kg seed Plant Poluation at 30 DAS
Observed Value Calculated Value Synergistic effect
1 TPM 15%+ Metalaxyl-M 10%, FS 11.25 +7.50 75 94 74.62 1.26
2 TPM 20%+ Metalaxyl-M 7.5%, FS 15 +5.60 75 93 69.22 1.34
3 TPM 25%+ Metalaxyl-M 5%, FS 18.75 +3.75 75 92 70.60 1.30
4 TPM 15%+ Metalaxyl-M 10%, SE 11.25 +7.5 75 90 74.62 1.21
5 TPM 20%+ Metalaxyl-M 7.5%,SE 15 +5.60 75 92 69.22 1.33
6 TPM 25%+ Metalaxyl-M 5%, SE 18.75 +3.75 75 94 70.60 1.33
7 TPM 28.1%+ Metalaxyl-M 18.75%, WG 11.25 +7.50 40 92 74.62 1.23
8 TPM 37.5%+ Metalaxyl-M 14.1%, WG 15 +5.60 40 93 69.22 1.34
9 TPM 70% WP+ Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 11.25 +7.5 16.1+ 23.58 69 74.62 0.92
10 TPM 70% WP+ Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 15 +5.60 21.4+ 17.61 65 69.22 0.94
11 TPM 70% WP+ Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 18.75 +3.8 26.8+ 11.95 64 70.60 0.91
12 TPM 70% WP+ Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 12 +8 17.1+ 25.16 70 74.62 0.94
13 TPM 70% WP+ Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 14 +6 20+ 18.87 66 69.22 0.95
14 TPM 70% WP 11.25 16.1 46 _ _
15 TPM 70% WP 15.00 21.4 43 _ _
16 TPM 70% WP 18.75 26.8 51 _ _
17 Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 7.50 23.58 53 _ _
18 Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 5.60 17.61 46 _ _
19 Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 3.80 11.95 40 _ _
20 Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 8.00 25.16 57 _ _
21 Metalaxyl-M 31.8% ES 6.00 18.87 50 _ _
22 Untreated Check _ 28 _ _

Note: TPM- Thiophanate Methyl, DAS – Days after Sowing, FS- Flowable Suspension, SE- Suspo emulsion, WG- Wettable Granules, WP- Wettable Powder, ES- Emulsion for seed treatment.
The plant population stand data of 30 DAS observation shows higher synergistic activity between Thiophanate Methyl +Metalaxyl-M in all the novel formulation i.e FS, SE and WG as compared to their physical mixing or tank mixing as well as their solo use. It was also observed during experiment that synergism was very strong on damping off disease caused by Pythium sp.
Example C: Disease control in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
This experiment was conducted in micro plot where paddy seedling were transplanted in 4 x 4 m plot size. All the agronomic practices like irrigation, fertilizer application, weeding were done as per the standard agronomic practices. These micro plots had paddy crop in previous season and heavily infested with sheath blight disease. As soon as paddy reaches to active tillering stage artificial inoculation were done with laboratory culture of Rhizoctonia solani. Three foliar application of inventive fungicidal mixtures were done at 10 days interval starting from 3rd day of artificial inoculation. The observations on sheath blight disease severity were recorded at 10 days after last foliar application and percent disease index calculated by below formula. The percent disease control were calculated by disease severity in untreated plot.
Assessment for Sheath Blight:

Observed 100 tillers per plot and rated visually as per the ratings below.

Score Description
0 No infection
1 Vertical spread of the disease up to 20% of plant height
3 Vertical spread of the disease up to 21-30% of plant height
5 Vertical spread of the disease up to 31- 45% of plant height
7 Vertical spread of the disease up to 46 - 65% of plant height
9 Vertical spread of the disease more than 66% of plant height
Sum of numerical rating x 100
Percent Disease Index = --------------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of tiller observed x Maximum rating

% Disease Control = 100 – (100-Disease Index in treatment / Disease index in Untreated plot)
Table 3: Sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) control in Paddy.
NO Treatment Details Formulation per Hectare Active Ingredient (g per hectare) Ratio Sheath blight Control (%) caused by Rhizoctonia solani
Observed Value Calculated Value Synergistic effect
1 TPM 30% +Val-A 4%, WG 1000 g 300 40 7.5 : 1 94.26 73.49 1.28
2 TPM 20% +Val-A 4%, WG 1000 g 200 40 5 : 1 92.64 67.09 1.38
3 TPM 30% +Val-A 3%, WG 1000 g 300 30 10 : 1 91.28 65.13 1.40
4 TPM 20% +Val-A 3%, WG 1000 g 200 30 6.67 : 1 89.86 56.70 1.58
5 TPM 30% +Val-A 4%, WP 1000 g 300 40 7.5 : 1 93.72 73.49 1.28
6 TPM 20% +Val-A 4%, WP 1000 g 200 40 5 : 1 91.64 67.09 1.37
7 TPM 30% +Val-A 3%, WP 1000 g 300 30 10 : 1 88.69 65.13 1.36
8 TPM 20% +Val-A 3%, WP 1000 g 200 30 6.67 : 1 86.85 56.70 1.53
9 TPM 24% +Val-A 3%, SC 1250 ml 300 37.5 8 : 1 92.68 69.29 1.34
10 TPM 28% +Val-A 2%, SC 1250 ml 350 25 14 : 1 86.73 64.26 1.35
11 TPM 70% WP + Val-A 3% L (tank mix) 428g + 1333ml 300 40 _ 63.62 73.49 0.87
12 TPM 70% WP + Val-A 3% L (tank mix) 285g + 1000ml 200 30 _ 51.58 56.70 0.91
13 TPM 70% WP 428 g 300 _ _ 45.38 _ _
14 TPM 70% WP 285 g 200 _ _ 32.18 _ _
15 TPM 70% WP 500 g 350 _ _ 48.63 _ _
16 Val-A 3% L 1333 ml _ 40 _ 51.47 _ _
17 Val-A 3% L 1000 ml _ 30 _ 36.15 _ _
18 Val-A 3% L 1250 ml _ 37.5 _ 43.78 _ _
19 Val-A 3% L 833 ml _ 25 _ 30.42 _ _
20 Untreated Check _ _ _ _ 0.00 _ _
Note: TPM- Thiophanate Methyl, Val-A - Validamycin A WG- Wettable Granules, WP- Wettable Powder, SC- Suspension Concentrate, L -Liquid
The observation on percent disease control of sheath blight indicates that high level of synergism were observed in all the formulations i.e. WG, WP and SC of inventive mixture of Thiophanate Methyl + Validamycin as compared to their individual use rate as well as their tank mixes.
Example D: Disease control in Paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
This experiment was also conducted in micro plot where paddy seedling were transplanted in 4 x 4 m plot size. All the agronomic practices like irrigation, fertilizer application, weeding were done as per the standard agronomic practices. As soon as paddy reaches to active tillering stage artificial inoculation were done with laboratory culture of Pyricularia oryzae. Two foliar application of inventive fungicidal mixtures were done. First spray at 24 hrs after artificial inoculation and second spray at 10th day. The observations on leaf blast disease severity were recorded at 10 days after second foliar application and percent disease index calculated by below formula. The percent disease control were calculated by disease severity in untreated plot. The observation on occurrence of the blast disease was collected by using the disease rating scale of 0-9 developed by International Rice Research Institute (IRRI. 1996) and then converting into percent disease by using the formulas.
Sum of numerical rating x 100
Percent Disease Index = ----------------------------------------------------------------
Total number of tiller observed x Maximum rating

% Disease Control = 100 – (100-Disease Index in treatment / Disease index in Untreated plot)
Sr. No. Treatment Details Formulation per Hectare Active Ingredient (g per hectare) Ratio Leaf blast Control (%) caused by Pyricularia oryzae
Observed Value Calculated Value Synergistic effect
1 TPM 40% +METO 20%, WG 500 g 200 100 2 : 1 90.82 72.89 1.25
2 TPM 40% +METO 25%, WG 500 g 200 125 1.6 : 1 93.18 77.19 1.21
3 TPM 50% +METO 20%, WG 500 g 250 100 2.5 : 1 92.36 76.97 1.20
4 TPM 50% +METO 25%, WG 500 g 250 125 2 : 1 94.28 80.63 1.17
5 TPM 40% +METO 20%, WP 500 g 200 100 2 : 1 89.48 72.89 1.23
6 TPM 40% +METO 25%, WP 500 g 200 125 1.6 : 1 91.37 77.19 1.18
7 TPM 50% +METO 20%, WP 500 g 250 100 2.5 : 1 92.16 76.97 1.20
8 TPM 50% +METO 25%, WP 500 g 250 125 2 : 1 93.68 80.63 1.16
9 TPM 20% +METO 10%, SC 1000 ml 200 100 2 : 1 90.38 72.89 1.24
10 TPM 20% +METO 12.5%, SC 1000 ml 200 125 1.6 : 1 93.75 77.19 1.21
11 TPM 25% +METO 10%, SC 1000 ml 250 100 2.5 : 1 92.58 76.97 1.20
12 TPM 25% +METO 12.5%, SC 1000 ml 250 125 2 : 1 95.10 80.63 1.18
13 TPM 70% WP +METO 20% SC (tank mix) 285g+ 500ml (tank mix) 200 100 _ 68.83 72.89 0.94
14 TPM 70% WP +METO 20% SC (tank mix) 357g+ 625ml (tank mix) 250 125 _ 74.28 77.19 0.96
15 TPM 70% WP 285 g 200 _ _ 42.63 _ _
16 TPM 70% WP 357 g 250 _ _ 51.28 _ _
17 METO 20% SC 500 ml _ 100 _ 52.74 _ _
18 METO 20% SC 625 ml _ 125 _ 60.24 _ _
19 Untreated Check _ _ _ _ 23.42 _ _

Note: TPM- Thiophanate Methyl, METO- Metominostrobin WG- Wettable Granules, WP- Wettable Powder, SC- Suspension Concentrate.
The results on percent disease control showed that all the inventive formulation (WG, WP, SC) of Thiophanate Methyl + Metominostrobin shows synergistic activity as compared to their individual use rate as well as their tank mix.

,CLAIMS:We claim;
1. A synergistic composition comprising bioactive amounts of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredients selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin with at least one inactive excipient.
2. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein the ratio of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredient selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin is 50:1 to 1:50
3. The synergistic composition according to claim 1, wherein inactive excipients can be selected from the group consisting of dispersant, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, wetting agent, suspension aid, anti-microbial agent, thickener, quick coating agent or sticking agents and buffering agent.
4. The synergistic composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition are selected from Flowable Suspension (FS), Suspo Emulsion (SE), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable powder (WP) and Wettabel Granuels (WG).
5. The synergistic composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims, wherein the said formulation is used for control of fungus in Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Jute (Corchorus oliotorus), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Ragi (Eleusine coracana), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and Melons (Cucumis melo), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold (Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis).
6. The synergistic composition as per claim 1, wherein Thiophanate Methyl with Carboxin and Thiophanate Methyl with Metalaxyl-M are advantageous for treatment of seed, plant propagating materials of Cotton, Paddy, Wheat, Barley, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl millet, Soybean, Peanut, Sunflower, Mustard, Rape seed, Sesame, Castor, Green gram, Black gram, Chickpea, Cowpea, Redgram, Frenchbean, Indian bean, Horse gram, Field pea, Cluster bean, Lentils, Brinjal, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Okra, Onion, Tomato, Potato tuber, Chilly, Garlic, Cucumber, Melons, Radish, Ginger rhizome, Cumin, Fenugreek, Coriander.
7. A synergistic composition of Thiophanate Methyl and one more agrochemically active ingredients selected from the group consisting of Carboxin, Metalaxyl M, Thiram, Validamycin A or Metaminostrobin as claimed in any of the preceding claims and exemplified with working examples as disclosed.