DESC:Synergistic Herbicidal Combination of Pretilachlor, Penoxsulam and Pyrimidinylsulfonylurea
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising the combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide in EC / WDG / SC / SL / OD / OS / Solid Granules and other formulations in different percentages. More precisely, the subject matter of the present invention is a synergistic herbicidal composition based on a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron optionally with at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient which will facilitate in the preparation of desired formulations. The present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of synergistic herbicidal composition thereof and use of this combination for contending weeds and protecting the crop from being affected with such weeds during its growth.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crop protection is the practice of protecting the crop yields from pests, weeds, plant diseases, and other organisms that damage agricultural crops, which is critical from early stages of crop development. Preventing weed growth in the entire crop cycle, i.e., from root development to maturing crop, leads to increased crop quality and yield. The control of weeds is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Unwanted vegetation causes significant damage to vegetables, fields, cereal, fruit and other crops that compete with crops for nutrients, water, and sunlight leading to reduction in productivity, yield and quality of the crops. Herbicides help to minimize this damage by controlling the growth of weeds. The use of two or more appropriate active ingredient combinations in specific dose ratios leads to synergism in crop protection. In addition to this, often highly destructive weeds can be difficult to control and may develop resistance to commercial herbicides. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but there is still a continues need to develop new herbicidal combinations which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer and have different sites of action.
The biggest challenge in field of crop protection is to reduce the dosage rate of active ingredients in order to diminish or circumvent environmental or toxicological effects without compromising on effective crop protection against weeds, in addition to long lasting and broad-spectrum of weed control. Another challenge is to reduce the excessive application of solo chemical compounds or herbicides which invariably helps in rapid selection of weeds and aid in developing natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question.
Therefore, it is indeed necessary to use the herbicide combinations in lower doses, fast acting with the different mode of action that can provide long lasting control against broad spectrum weed control and check the resistance development in weeds. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing herbicides, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. A need also exists for synergistic herbicidal compositions which could be physico-compatible formulations in the form of storage stable, safely packed, ready to use formulation.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of the present invention is to provide an herbicide mixture or combination which solves at least one of the major problems discussed above like reducing the dosage rate, broadening the spectrum of activity, or combining activity with prolonged weed control and resistance management with improved environmental safety by reducing toxicity and residue deposit in soil and in crops.
The details of one or more embodiments of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying description below and other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and the claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure / specification refers to a synergistic herbicidal composition and the process for the preparation for crop protection.
The term “combination” can be replaced with the words “mixture” or “composition” defined or refers to as combining two or more active ingredients formulated in desired formulations.
The term “pesticide” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or weeds which causes damage to the crop. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are mainly used as pesticides which control weeds and insect pests and disease-causing pathogens respectively that eventually leads to high yield of crops.
The term “Herbicides” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances used to kill, control or eliminate unwanted plants or vegetation, commonly known as weeds that cause economic damage to crops and ornamental plants.
The term “synergism” as used in this specification refers to the interaction between two or more active compounds or other factors to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The present invention involves the mixture of two active ingredients which has increased efficacy when compared to individual use and admixture of those components.
Conventional herbicides have typical spectrums and effects, are limited to certain weeds only and their controlling activities are sometimes poor and not satisfactorily maintained for prolonged period of time, and those satisfactory herbicidal effects cannot be practically achieved. Even though, some herbicides may bear satisfactory herbicidal effects, they require improvements in respect of environment & health safety and are also demanded to achieve a high herbicidal effect at a smaller dosage and lack of resistance management.
We found that this objective in part or as a whole can be achieved by the combination of active compounds defined at the outset. The present inventors have intensively studied to solve these problems. We have found that by combining herbicide composition having pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl in different formulation and percentages have astonishing effects of controlling weeds and also by reducing amount of dosage than in a case of using an active compound alone and admixture of those compounds.
This combination can be developed in the form of Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC), Dispersible Concentrates (DC), Oil Dispersions (OD), Suspension Concentrates (SC), Soluble Liquids (SL), Suspoemulsion (SE), Emulsion Concentrates (EW), Microemulsions, Wettable Powders (WP), Water-Dispersible Granules (WG), Soluble Powders (SP), Granules (G), Oil Solutions (OS), Aqueous Suspensions (AS), Aqueous Solutions (AS), Microencapsulated Suspensions (ME), and Microencapsulated Emulsions (MEC), mixed formulation of Suspension Concentrate and Capsule Suspension (ZC) and other conventional formulation and with different percentages and can be used as an pre-emergent or early-post or post-emergent herbicidal combination for foliar applications or soil applications. This herbicidal combination can also effectively check the weeds and resistance development of weeds in various crops.
The present invention involves the mixture of three active ingredients which are classified under chloroacetamide herbicides (CAAHs) and triazolopyrimidine sulfonamide herbicides and pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicides are described herein thereof.
Pretilachlor (IUPAC name: 2-Chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(2-propoxyethyl) acetamide; molecular formula: C17H26ClNO2; molecular weight: 311.8 g/mol) is chloroacetamide herbicide having broad-spectrum of systemic activity recommended for the control of annual grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds. The mode of action of pretilachlor involves inhibiting the biosynthesis of fatty acids in the target weeds. Specifically, it interferes with the acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in fatty acid synthesis. By inhibiting acetyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme, pretilachlor controls the growth and development of weeds.
Pretilachlor has both foliar and soil application and it controls both newly emerged weeds and weeds emerging from seeds. It effectively protects the rice and paddy crop from early phase for longer period of time and promotes the development of the crops.
Penoxsulam (IUPAC name: 2-(2,2-difluoroethoxy)-N-(5,8-dimethoxy-[1,2,4] triazolo[1,5-c] pyrimidin-2-yl)-6-(trifluoromethyl) benzene sulfonamide; molecular formula: C16H14F5N5O5S; molecular weight: 483.4 g/mol) is systemic, post-emergence herbicide with low dose high efficacy. Penoxsulam primarily works by inhibiting the enzyme acetolactate synthase (ALS) which disrupts the biosynthesis of these amino acids leading to the death of weeds. Penoxsulam has a long contact period and remains in contact with plants for around 60 days.
It controls annual grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds in rice, paddy, wheat, cotton, banana, rubber, maize, citrus, sugarcane and grapes.
Pyrimidinylsulfonylurea, a modern class of herbicides extensively used to control a wide range of weeds in many crops. These herbicides exhibit a simple but effective biological mode of action through inhibiting aceto lactate synthase, a key enzyme that participates in the protein synthesis of weeds.
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl is a pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide having IUPAC name ethyl 5-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoyl) sulfamoyl]-1-methyl pyrazole-4-carboxylate. Pyrazosulfuron ethyl is a selective, systemic, broad-spectrum and pre-emergence herbicide which effectively controls the various weeds in many crops.
The first embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam; and
at least one pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide.
First aspect of the first embodiment, the pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide is selected from the group comprising amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, zuomihuanglong; preferably pyrazosulfuron; more preferably pyrazosulfuron ethyl.
Second aspect of the first embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrimidinyl sulfonylurea herbicide; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-40): (1-40).
The second embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam;
at least one pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide; and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
First aspect of the second embodiment, the pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide is selected from the group comprising amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, zuomihuanglong; preferably pyrazosulfuron; more preferably pyrazosulfuron ethyl.
Second aspect of the second embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrimidinyl sulfonylurea herbicide; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-40): (1-40).
The third aspect of the second embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to the group comprising liquid medium, surfactant, stabilizer, anti-freezing agent, antifoaming agent, anticaking agent, dispersing agent, adjuvant and antibacterial agent. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, liquid medium acts as a carrier for the active ingredients and provides a stable environment for suspension selected form but not limited to water and organic solvents; preferably water.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, surfactant includes wetting agent and emulsifier.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, emulsifier includes anionic emulsifiers, cationic emulsifiers, nonionic emulsifiers, amphoteric emulsifiers, phospholipids and glyceryl esters.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, anionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), alkyl sulfates and calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, cationic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and stearalkonium chloride.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, nonionic emulsifiers selected from but not limited to Polysorbate 80, Polysorbate 20, Sorbitan monolaurate, ethoxylates, Sorbitan monooleate and Polyaryl sulfate esters.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, amphoteric emulsifiers selected from but not limited to cocamidopropyl betaine, lauramidopropyl betaine; ethoxylated emulsifiers: ethoxylated nonylphenol (nonylphenol ethoxylate), ethoxylated sorbitan esters and ethoxylated fatty alcohols.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, wetting agent is selected from but not limited to block copolymers.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, the block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO or pluronic), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG or pluronics); preferably butyl based block copolymer.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, stabilizer includes antioxidant, chelating agent, pH adjusters, UV absorber, stabilizing polymers and inert.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, stabilizers selected from group vegetable and seed oils selected from but not limited to soybean oil, sunflower seed oil, coconut oil, peanut oil, corn oil, castor oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, safflower oil, olive oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, linseed oil, tung oil and sesame oil and oxidized forms of the above oils.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea; preferably propylene glycol.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams; preferably alkyl siloxane-based antifoams; more preferably siloxane polyalkyleneoxide.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and/or their comb polymers; preferably poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene glycol comb polymer.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreader, modifier, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binders and safener.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, thickener selected from but not limited to polysaccharides / carboxymethyl cellulose / bentonite clay, hydroxy propyl cellulose montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminium silicate and attapulgite; preferably water-soluble polysaccharides.
The further aspect of the second embodiment, modifier includes drift control modifiers, rainfastness modifiers, anti-foaming modifiers, UV stabilizers, pH modifiers, compatibility modifiers and rheology modifier.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, rheology modifier is bentonite and pH modifiers is triethanolamine.
Further aspect of the second embodiment, antibacterial agent selected from but not limited to triclosan, triclocarban, clotrimazole, miconazole, copper-based compounds, chlorothalonil, benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and sodium salt (DBSA); preferably benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).
The third embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam;
pyrazosulfuron ethyl;
liquid medium;
wetting agent;
anti-freezing agent;
antifoaming agent;
dispersing agent;
adjuvant and
antibacterial agent.
The first aspect of the third embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-40): (1-40).
The second aspect of the third embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to the group comprising liquid medium, wetting agent, anti-freezing agent, antifoaming agent, dispersing agent, adjuvant and antibacterial agent. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, liquid medium acts as a carrier for the active ingredients and provides a stable environment for suspension selected form but not limited to water and organic solvents; preferably water.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, wetting agent is selected from but not limited to block copolymers.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, the block copolymers selected from the but not limited to styrene-butadiene block copolymer (SBS), poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO or pluronic), polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO), poly(butadiene)-poly(styrene) (PB-PS), poly(methyl methacrylate)-poly(butadiene)-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PB-PMMA), poly(caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PCL-PEG), poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG or pluronics); preferably butyl based block copolymer.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea; preferably propylene glycol.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams; preferably alkyl siloxane-based antifoams; more preferably siloxane polyalkyleneoxide.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum arabic and carbomer and/or their comb polymers; preferably poly(methyl methacrylate) and polyethylene glycol comb polymer.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreader, modifier, sticker, penetrant, drift control agent, buffering agent, thickener, compatibility agent, binders and safener.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, thickener selected from but not limited to polysaccharides / carboxymethyl cellulose / bentonite clay, hydroxy propyl cellulose montmorillonite, bentonite, magnesium aluminium silicate and attapulgite; preferably water-soluble polysaccharides.
Further aspect of the third embodiment, antibacterial agent selected from but not limited to triclosan, triclocarban, clotrimazole, miconazole, copper-based compounds, chlorothalonil, benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT), octylisothiazolinone (OIT), dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and sodium salt (DBSA); preferably benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT).
The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam and
pyrazosulfuron ethyl.
First aspect of the fourth embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-40): (1-40).
Second aspect of the fourth embodiment, the composition of the fourth embodiment comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient thereof which is / are used in preparation desired formulation.
Further aspect of the fourth embodiment, the composition of the fourth embodiment is formulated as suspension concentrates (SC).
Further aspect of the fourth embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment is formulated as Oil Dispersion (OD).
The fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
Pretilachlor;
Penoxsulam;
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl;
water;
butyl based block copolymer;
propylene glycol;
siloxane polyalkyleneoxide;
comb polymer;
polysaccharides; and
benzisothiazolin-3-one.
First aspect of the fifth embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-20): (1-20); more preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-10): (1-10).
Further aspect of the fifth embodiment, the composition of fifth embodiment is formulated as Suspension Concentrates (SC).
The sixth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam;
pyrazosulfuron ethyl;
calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate;
polyaryl sulfate esters;
vegetable oil;
bentonite; and
triethanolamine
First aspect of the sixth embodiment, synergistic herbicidal composition comprising a combination of pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl; wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-20): (1-40): (1-20); more preferably in the ratio of (1-40): (1-10): (1-10).
Further aspect of the sixth embodiment, the composition of sixth embodiment is formulated as Oil Dispersion (OD).
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an herbicidal formulation comprising:
add water into premix vessel,
add wetting agent, anti-freezing, dispersing agent, anti-bacterial agent and antifoaming agent to the above vessel under continuous stirring.
add pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl to the above mixture and stirred for 30-60 minutes to get homogenous mixture.
after mixing the above material, optionally mill or grind to get the desired particle size of minimum 99% by passing through 500 bss by wet sieving method and remove any oversized particles or agglomerate.
the obtained wet milled particles with size d50 <5-micron material, then transfer into the blender and add thickener 2% gum solution to get desired viscosity.
mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained, pack the formulation and seal it.
Another embodiment of the present invention, a method of controlling annual grasses, sedges and broad leaf weeds comprising synergistic herbicidal composition applying to the location of weed in effective amount.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the herbicidal composition obtained from the present used to control broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in rice, paddy, wheat, pineapple, sugarcane, maize and bananas crops. It is also used in multiple crops, including cereal and grains, grasses, IVM and grape orchards and thereof.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the herbicidal composition obtained from the present shows synergistic effects of better weed control with minimum herbicidal resistance and improved crop yield and quality.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic herbicidal composition can be applied to pre-emergence, early post-emergence or post-emergence stages by conventional spraying methods, such as foliar application etc., over the target areas of weeds or vegetation at same time avoiding excessive drift or runoff of the composition securing thorough coverage.
Advantages of the Present Invention:
The synergistic herbicidal composition of present invention can be used in pre-emergence, early post-emergence or post-emergence stages stages for effective weed control to increase the yield of crops compare to single component of composition and market standards. This will help the farmers in controlling weeds in entire crop cycle.
The novel, innovative and synergistic herbicidal composition of present invention provides better weed management in agricultural and non-agricultural fields.
The synergistic herbicidal composition of present invention is effective against broader spectrum of unwanted weeds compared to single component and market standards without any environmental pollution.
The synergistic herbicidal composition of the present invention avoids or reduces the damage of crops and shows no phytotoxicity.
The best mode of carrying present invention is described in the below given examples. These examples are merely for illustrative purpose only, not to determine the scope of the invention and in no way limit the scope or spirit of the present invention.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLE 1: SUSPENSION CONCENTRATES (SC) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
TABLE 1:
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Pretilachlor 30
2 Penoxsulam 2.5
3 Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2
4 Butyl based block copolymer 4.5
5 Propylene Glycol 4.5
6 Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.2
7 Comb copolymer 4.5
8 Polysaccharides 0.16
9 Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.1
10 Water QS
Total 100

EXAMPLE 1.1: OIL DISPERSION (OD) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC HERBICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
TABLE 2:
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Pretilachlor 30
2 Penoxsulam 2.5
3 Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2
4 Calcium alkyl benzene sulfonate 2
5 Polyaryl sulfate esters 8
6 Bentonite SD-2 1.5
7 Triethanolamine 2
8 Vegetable oil QS
Total 100
EXAMPLE 2: BIO EFFICACY AND PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Presently to evaluate the efficacy of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation against grasses, sedges, and broad-leaved weeds as post emergent herbicide in paddy and to test phytotoxicity of the molecule on the crop have been conducted. along with pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC. The combination tested at three dose levels viz., low, medium, and high along with the sole molecule as individual treatments and their efficiency comparison is done with the current competitive market standards. To justify the results, the overall effect and other parameters are calculated over untreated check. The paddy crop is first divided into plots for each treatment and replicated three times following randomized block design. The spraying method followed was foliar application with the help of a knapsack sprayer and the sprays are done in paddy as post emergent herbicide.
Method of Observations:
No. of weed /1 sq meter area: Take 4 sticks/pipes of 1 metre each and tie their ends/joints so that they make a square shape. Before taking the weed counts, the square should be placed in the treated plot randomly and the number of weed species in the 1metre area is counted.
Take the observation of individual weed species to understand or draw conclusions on the efficacy of the herbicide against individual weeds. The observations were taken at 15, 30 and 45 days after application (DAA).
Take the observation on the crop safety of the herbicide i.e., phytotoxicity / softener observation of herbicide after application at 5 and 10 days after application.
Parameters of Observations:
The weeds controlled in each treatment are calculated as percent weed controlled over untreated or controlled plot. The percent weed control is calculated by the following formula –
% weed control = (No.of weeds in control plot-No.of weeds in treated plot )/(No.of weeds in control plot)× 100
The effect of these herbicides when applied on paddy is assessed based on the yield (tons per hectare).
Results:
The different types and species of weeds found in this experiment in paddy field were enlisted below:
Grasses: Echinocloa crusgalli, Cyanodon dactylon.
Broad Leaved Weeds: Ludwigia parviflora, Monochoria vaginalis, Eclipta alba.
Sedges: Cyprus iria, Fimbristylis miliaceae.

Table 1. Efficacy of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation against grassy weeds.
Treatments Dose /
ha
(gm/L) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent
Weed
Control
E.c C.d E.c C.d E.c C.d E.c C.d E.c C.d
Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 750 22 11 0 0 3 2 8.33 4.33 87.18 87.96
Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1000 20 9 0 0 0 0 6.67 3.00 89.74 91.67
Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1250 15 5 0 0 0 0 5.00 1.67 92.31 95.37
Pretilachlor 50% EC 1000 35 9 20 7 25 7 26.67 7.67 58.97 78.70
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 100 33 20 9 5 5 1 15.67 8.67 75.90 75.93
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP 150 40 18 5 2 4 2 16.33 7.33 74.87 79.63
Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR 10000 41 20 10 1 8 5 19.67 8.67 69.74 75.93
Pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR 10000 45 15 9 1 6 6 20.00 7.33 69.23 79.63
Untreated control - 58 29 62 35 75 44 65.00 36.00 - -
DAA – Days after application
E. c – Echinochloa colonum
C.d – Cyanodon dactylon
The grassy weed population is taken post application as this is a post emergent herbicide evaluation experiment. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1000 ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. At 15 days after application (DAA) the weed population recorded was 15 weeds/m2 (E. colonum), 5 weeds/m2 (C. dactylon) followed by 0 weeds/m2 in case of both the species viz., E. colonum, C. dactylon at both 30 DAA, 45 DAA respectively. The average weeds population after the entire experiment was recorded lowest in pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC@ 1250 ml/ha with 5 weeds/m2 (E. colonum), 1.67 weeds/m2 (C. dactylon) followed by pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2%@ 5000 ml/ha with 6.67 weeds/m2 (e. colonum), 3 weeds/m2 (c. dactylon). the percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1250 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 92.31% (E. colonum), 95.37% (C. dactylon) and at pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC@ 1000 ml/ha showed 89.74% (E. colonum), 91.67% (C. dactylon) of weed control there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1250, 1000 gm/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. Even the treatment pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 750 ml/ha (lowest dose of the herbicide combination) also showed percent weed control of 87.18% (E. colonum) and 87.96% (C. dactylon) which is also superior to the market standard. While, the market standards recorded an average weed population of 19.67 weeds/m2 with 69.74% weed control (E. colonum), 8.67 weeds/m2 with 75.93% weed control (C. dactylon) in case of bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10000 g/ha followed by pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR @ 10000 g/ha recorded an average weed population of 20 weeds/m2 with 69.23% weed control (E. colonum), 7.33 weeds/m2 with 79.63% weed control (C. dactylon).
Table 2. Efficacy of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation against broad leaved weeds.
Treatments Dose / ha
(gm/L) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent Weed Control
L.p M.v E.a L.p M.v E.a L.p M.v E.a L.p M. v E. a L.p M. v E. a
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl2% 750 68 24 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 22.67 8.00 6.67 84.26 87.37 89.64
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl2% 1000 50 20 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 16.67 6.67 8.00 88.43 89.47 87.56
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1250 35 11 27 0 0 0 0 0 0 11.67 3.67 9.00 91.90 94.21 86.01
Pretilachlor 50% EC 1000 109 30 25 47 6 8 18 5 10 58.00 13.67 14.33 59.72 78.42 77.72
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 100 108 31 23 56 9 5 19 4 11 61.00 14.67 13.00 57.64 76.84 79.79
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP 150 112 33 25 32 12 7 20 2 9 54.67 15.67 13.67 62.04 75.26 78.76
Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% GR 10000 110 35 22 78 15 15 20 10 18 69.33 20.00 18.33 51.85 68.42 71.50
Pretilachlor 6% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR 10000 113 38 25 98 20 20 20 12 25 77.00 23.33 23.33 46.53 63.16 63.73
Untreated control - 125 42 40 145 63 66 162 85 87 144.00 63.33 64.33 - - -
L. p - Ludwigia parviflora
M. v - Monochoria vaginalis
E.a – Eclipta alba
The broad-leaved weeds species identified in the paddy field were Ludwigia parviflora, Monochoria vaginalis and Eclipta alba. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1000ml/ha and 1250 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. At 15 Days after application (DAA) the weed population recorded was 35 weeds/m2 (L. parviflora), 11 weeds/m2 (M. vaginalis) and 27 weeds/m2 (E. alba) followed by 0 weeds/m2 in case of the three species viz., Ludwigia parviflora, Monochoria vaginalis and Eclipta alba at both 30 DAA, 45 DAA respectively. The average weeds population after the entire experiment was recorded lowest in pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC @ 1250 ml/ha with 11.67 weeds/m2 (L. parviflora), 3.67 weeds/m2 (M. vaginalis) and 9 weeds/m2 (E. alba) followed by pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC @ 1000 ml/ha with 16.67 weeds/m2 (L. parviflora), 6.67 weeds/m2 (M. vaginalis) and 8 weeds/m2 (E. alba). The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1250 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 91.90% (L. parviflora), 94.21% (M. vaginalis), 86.01% (E. alba) and at pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC @ 1000 ml/ha showed 88.43% (L. parviflora), 89.47% (M. vaginalis), 87.56% (E. alba) of weed control there by proving that these molecules when applied in combination at the doses of 1250, 1000 gm/ha showed synergistic activity and weeds control superior to market standard. Even the treatment pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 750 ml/ha (lowest dose of the herbicide combination) also showed percent weed control of 84.26% (L. parviflora), 87.37% (M. vaginalis), 89.64% (E. alba) which is also superior to the market standard. While, the market standards recorded an average weed population of 69.33 weeds/m2 with 51.85% weed control (F. parviflora), 20 weeds/m2 with 68.42% weed control (M. vaginalis) and 18.33 weeds/m2 with 71.50% weed control (E. alba) in case of bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% gr @ 10000 g/ha followed by pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR @ 10000 g/ha recorded an average weed population of 77 weeds/m2 with 46.53% weed control (F. parviflora), 23.33 weeds/m2 with 63.16% weed control (M. vaginalis) and 23.33 weeds/m2 with 63.73% weed control (E. alba).
Table 3. Efficacy of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation against sedges.
Treatments Dose /
ha
(gm/L) 15 DAA 30 DAA 45 DAA Average Percent
Weed
Control
C.i F.m C.i F.m C.i F.m C.i F.m C.i F.m
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 750 22 11 0 0 3 2 8.33 4.33 87.18 87.96
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1000 20 9 0 0 0 0 6.67 3.00 89.74 91.67
Pretilachlor 30% + Penoxsulam 2.5% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1250 15 5 0 0 0 0 5.00 1.67 92.31 95.37
Pretilachlor 50% EC 1000 35 9 20 7 25 7 26.67 7.67 58.97 78.70
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 100 33 20 9 5 5 1 15.67 8.67 75.90 75.93
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP 150 40 18 5 2 4 2 16.33 7.33 74.87 79.63
Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + Pretilachlor 6% GR 10000 41 20 10 1 8 5 19.67 8.67 69.74 75.93
Pretilachlor 6% + Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR 10000 45 15 9 1 6 6 20.00 7.33 69.23 79.63
Untreated control - 60 28 88 40 92 64 80.00 44.00 - -

C.i – Cyperus iria
F.m – Fimbristylis miliaceae
The sedges found in the paddy in this experiment belong to two species i.e., Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis miliaceae. After the application of different herbicide treatments, the herbicide combination treatments pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1250 ml/ha and 1000 ml/ha showed maximum reduction in weed population. At 15 days after application (DAA) the treatment pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1250 ml/ha recorded 21 weeds/m2 (C. iria), 10 weeds/m2 (F. miliaceae) and there after 0 weeds/m2 were recorded at 30, 45 DAA respectively. When pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC applied at 1000ml/ha recorded 30 weeds/m2 (C.iria), 13 weeds/m2 (F. miliaceae) at 15 DAA, followed which 0 weeds/m2 were recorded at both 30 DAA, 45 DAA in both species. The average weeds population after the entire spraying was recorded the lowest in pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC @ 1250 ml/ha with 7 weeds/m2 (C. iria), 3.33 weeds/m2 (F. miliaceae) and followed by pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC @ 1000 ml/ha with 10 weeds/m2 (C. iria), 4.33 weeds/m2 (F. miliaceae) which were performing superior to market standards. The percent weed control recorded in all the treatments proved that pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 1250 ml/ha were showing maximum weed control 91.25% (C. iria), 92.42% (F. miliaceae) and at 1000 ml/ha recorded 87.50% (C. iria), 90.15% (F. miliaceae) of weed control. The weeds when sprayed with market standards recorded low percent weed control viz.,69.74% (C. iria), 75.93% (F. miliaceae) in bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR @ 10000 g/ha followed by pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR @ 10000 g/ha recorded with 69.23% (C. iria), 79.63% (F. miliaceae) weed control there by proving that these molecules are superior to market standard. Even the treatment pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC when applied at 750 ml/ha (lowest dose of the herbicide combination) also showed percent weed control of 84.17% (C. iria), 87.12% (F. miliaceae) which is also superior to the market standard.
Table 4. Phytotoxicity of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation on paddy.
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2%SC @ 750 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2%SC @1000 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2%SC @1250 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pretilachlor 50% EC @1000 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC @100 ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @150 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR@10000 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR @10000 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated Control 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the herbicide combination i.e., pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC on paddy was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present herbicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
Table 5. Effect of pretilachlor 30%+ penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% SC formulation on paddy yield
Treatments Dose / Ha
(gms / ml) Cane Yield
(T/Ha)

Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 750 45.6
Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1000 47.3
Pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% 1250 49.2
Pretilachlor 50% EC 1000 42
Penoxsulam 21.7% SC 100 40
Pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP 150 39
Bensulfuron methyl 0.6% + pretilachlor 6% GR 10000 35
Pretilachlor 6% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 0.15% GR 10000 33
Untreated control - 29
The cane yield among different herbicide treatments showed that pretilachlor 30% + penoxsulam 2.5% + pyrazosulfuron ethyl 2% when applied at 1250ml/ha, 1000ml/ha and 750ml/ha recorded the highest cane yield of 49.2 t/ha, 47.3 t/ha and 45.6 t/ha which shows that the herbicidal combination when applied at three different doses viz., high, medium, and low have similar positive effect on the cane yield of paddy. While the same herbicides when applied alone i.e., pretilachlor 50% EC @ 1000 ml/ha gave 42 t/ha, penoxsulam 21.7% SC @ 100 ml/ha gave 40 t/ha and pyrazosulfuron ethyl 10% WP @ 150 g/ha gave 39 t/ha yield. It is evident based on the results the herbicide combination has a synergistic effect when applied together especially improved the crop quality in the current case.
It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to a particular compositions or specific constituents, which can, of course, vary and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the disclosure(s), specific examples of appropriate materials and methods are described herein. The examples set forth above are provided to give those of ordinarily skilled in the art a complete description of how to make and use the embodiments of the compositions or specific constituents, methods of practice, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that is obvious to persons skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains.
While specific embodiments of the present invention are explicitly disclosed herein, the above specification and examples herein are illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Many variations of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the embodiments below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the embodiments, along with their full scope of equivalents and the specification, along with such variations. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:CLAIMS:
We Claim:
A synergistic herbicidal composition comprising:
pretilachlor;
penoxsulam;
at least pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide is selected from the group comprising amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, methiopyrisulfuron, monosulfuron, nicosulfuron, orthosulfamuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, propyrisulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, trifloxysulfuron, zuomihuanglong.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein pyrimidinylsulfonylurea herbicide is pyrazosulfuron ethyl.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein pretilachlor, penoxsulam and pyrazosulfuron ethyl are present in the at a weight ratio of (1-40): (1-20): (1-20).
The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition is formulated as suspension concentrate (SC).
The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicidal composition is formulated as Oil Dispersion (OD).
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the herbicidal composition is used for to control annual grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds and in rice, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals, field crops and various other crops for general weed control.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the herbicidal composition is applied to pre-emergence, early-post and post-emergence stages of crops by conventional methods over the target areas.