DESC:Synergistic Fungicide Combination of Myclobutanil, Azoxystrobin and Mancozeb
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising of triazole, strobilurin and dithiocarbamate class of fungicides in EC / WDG / SC / SL / OD / OS / Solid Granules and other formulations in different percentages. More precisely, the subject of the present invention is a fungicidal composition based on a combination of myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb optionally with at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient which will facilitate in the preparation of desired formulations. The present invention also relates to the process for the preparation of synergistic fungicidal composition thereof and use of this combination for combating plant pathogenic fungi in and on the seeds and plants at different growth stages for crop protection and good yields.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Crop protection is the practice of protecting the crop yields from pests, weeds, plant diseases, and other organisms that damage agricultural crops, which is critical from early stages of crop development. Preventing pests and diseases in the entire crop cycle, i.e., from root development to maturing crop, leads to increased crop quality and yield. The control of plant diseases caused by fungi is extremely important in achieving high crop efficiency. Plant diseases cause significant damage to vegetables, fields, cereal, fruit, and other crops, lead to reduction in productivity, yield, and quality of the crops. Fungicides help to minimize this damage by controlling plant pathogenic fungi. The use of two or more appropriate active ingredient combinations in specific dose ratios leads to synergism in crop protection. In addition to this, often highly destructive plant diseases can be difficult to control and may develop resistance to commercial fungicides. Many products are commercially available for these purposes, but there is still a continues need to develop new fungicidal combinations which are more effective, less costly, less toxic, environmentally safer and have different sites of action.
The biggest challenge in the field of crop protection is to reduce the dosage rate of active ingredients to diminish or circumvent environmental or toxicological effects without compromising on effective crop protection against pathogenic fungi, in addition to long lasting and broad-spectrum protection from plant diseases. Another challenge is to reduce the excessive application of solo chemical compounds or fungicides which invariably helps in rapid selection of pathogenic fungi and aid in developing natural or adapted resistance against the active compound in question.
Therefore, it is indeed necessary to use the fungicidal combination in lower doses, fast acting with the different mode of action that can provide long lasting control against broad spectrum of pathogenic fungi and check the resistance development in fungi. The composition should have high synergistic action, no cross resistance to existing fungicides, avoid excess loading of the toxicant to the environment and negligible impact to environmental safety. Thus, there is a need for synergistic fungicidal combinations which could be physico-compatible formulations in the form of storage stability, safe packaging and ready to use formulations.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
The principal object of this invention is to provide a fungicide mixture or combination which solves at least one of the major problems discussed above like reducing the dosage rate, broadening the spectrum of activity, or combining activity with prolonged pest control and resistance management with improved environmental safety by reducing toxicity and residue deposit in soil and in crops. Thus, the combination of the present invention is designed to target and eliminate a broader spectrum of pests, prevent the development of resistance, and potentially reduce the risk of negative environmental impacts associated with a single fungicide.
The details of one or more embodiments of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying description below and other features, objects, and advantages will be apparent from the description and the claims.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present disclosure / specification refers to a synergistic fungicidal or pesticidal composition and the process for the preparation for crop protection.
The term “combination” can be replaced with the words “mixture” or “composition” defined or refers to as combining two or more active ingredients formulated in desired formulations.
The term “pesticide” as used in this specification refers to a substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest or weeds which causes damage to the crop. Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are mainly used as pesticides which control weeds and insect pests and disease-causing pathogens respectively that eventually leads to high yield of crops.
The term “Fungicide” also called antimycotic, as used in this specification refers to a type of chemical compound or substance specifically designed to protect crops and kill or inhibit the growth of fungi and their spores that cause economic damage to crop, ornamental plants or endanger the health of domestic animals or humans.
The term “synergism” as used in this specification refers to the interaction between two or more active compounds or other factors to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects. The present invention involves the mixture of three active ingredients which has increased efficacy when compared to individual use and admixture of those components.
The conventional fungicides have poor activity, limited to certain fungi, and are not satisfactorily maintained for prolonged periods. Even though some fungicides may bear satisfactory fungicidal effects, but they require improvements in respect of environment and health safety and are also required to achieve a high fungicidal effect at a smaller dosage and lack resistance management.
We found that this objective in part or complete can be achieved by the combination of active compounds defined at the outset. Thus, the present inventors have intensively studied to solve these problems and found that by combining fungicidal composition having myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb in different formulation and percentages have astonishing effects in controlling fungi and by reducing the amount of dosage than in a case of using an active compound alone.
Therefore, the present invention provides a novel synergistic fungicidal composition with myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb and purpose thereof. The synergy of this fungicidal composition having myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb with three fold mode of action includes sterol biosynthesis pathway inhibition, inhibition of ubiquinol oxidase at Qo site and interference/inhibition biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall and associated enzymatic processes can generate efficient synergism and can enable broad spectrum satisfactory disease control from soil borne, seed borne and foliar plant diseases for prolonged period at lower dose, powered by preventive, curative and systemic activity, rain fastness, vapour activity and Phyto tonic effect.
This combination can be developed in the form of Emulsifiable Concentrates (EC), Dispersible Concentrates (DC), Oil Dispersions (OD), Suspension Concentrates (SC), Soluble Liquids (SL), Suspoemulsion (SE), Emulsion Concentrates (EW), Microemulsions, Wettable Powders (WP), Water-Dispersible Granules (WG), Soluble Powders (SP), Granules (G), Oil Solutions (OS), Aqueous Suspensions (AS), Aqueous Solutions (AS), Microencapsulated Suspensions (ME), and Microencapsulated Emulsions (MEC), mixed formulation of Suspension Concentrate and Capsule Suspension (ZC) and other conventional formulation and with different percentages and can be used for foliar applications or soil applications and seed treatment. This unique fungicide combination can also effectively check the resistance development in pathogen.
The present invention involves the mixture of three active ingredients which are classified under triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and dithiocarbamate fungicide are described herein thereof.
Triazole fungicides (TFs) are systemic fungicides that work by inhibiting the biosynthesis of sterols specifically ergosterol, which is a vital component of the fungal cell membrane. This inhibition disrupts the cell membrane structure, leading to the death of the fungus. Myclobutanil is classified as a triazole fungicide.
Myclobutanil (IUPAC name: 2-((1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl)methyl)-2-(4-chloro phenyl) hexanenitrile, Molecular formula: C15H17ClN4, ¬Molecular weight: 288.77 g/mol) is a broad spectrum systemic and effective fungicide that will translocate into new growth with curative, preventative and protective effects against a wide range of plant pathogenic fungi.

Myclobutanil belongs to a substituted triazole chemical class of compound used in several crops and ornamental plants to control diseases like rust, powdery mildew, and canker etc. caused by fungi. Myclobutanil is a sterol demethylation inhibitor (DMI fungicide) specifically inhibiting ergosterol biosynthesis. Ergosterol is a critical component of fungal cell membranes.
Strobilurins are QoI (Quinone outside Inhibitor) fungicides belong to ß- methoxyacrylate class derived from naturally occurring strobilurin A. Strobilurins act by binding to the Qo site of mitochondrial respiratory complex III and blocking electron transfer between cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 across the membrane, which inhibits the ubiquinol oxidase. This results in loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis which inhibits cellular respiration. These fungicides have proven to be effective against a wide range of plant pathogens and are commonly used to safeguard crops from diseases that can significantly impact yield and quality. Azoxystrobin is classified as a strobilurin fungicide.
Azoxystrobin (IUPAC name: methyl (E)-2-[2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy) pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl]-3-methoxyacrylate, Molecular formula: C22H17N3O5, Molecular weight: 403.39 g/mol) is a broad spectrum, preventive fungicide with systemic and curative properties for control of many important plant diseases. Azoxystrobin is a first marketed strobilurin fungicide generally used to control Basidiomycetes fungus Strobilurus tenacellus. It inhibits the mitochondrial respiration causing electron transport blockage in the cytochrome bc1 complex (complex III of electron transport chain).

One of the main features of azoxystrobin is to control pathogenic strains that are resistant to the other fungicide classes such as 14 demethylase inhibitors, phenylamides, dicarboxamides or benzimidazoles. Azoxystrobin has the broadest spectrum of all antifungal treatments and shows its effectiveness against different groups of fungi mainly the ascomycota, deuteromycota, basidiomycota and oomycota. It controls many diseases in plants which include leaf spots, rusts, powdery mildew, downy mildew, net blotch and blight. It is registered as systemic fungicide for use in wheat, barley, oats, rye, soya, cotton, rice, strawberry, peas, beans, onions and many other vegetables and ornamental plants.
Dithiocarbamate fungicides (DTFs) are a group of organosulfur non-systemic fungicides used to control several fungal diseases in various crops and ornamental plants. Dithiocarbamates are a class of chemical compounds that contain the dithiocarbamate functional group derived from carbamic acid through replacement of the oxygen atom with a sulfur atom to form the dithiocarbamate group. This sulfur-containing group is responsible for their unique properties and applications.
Some of the examples of dithiocarbamate fungicides are selected from but not limited to amobam, ferbam, maneb, mancozeb, metam, milneb, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb (metiram), ziram.
The main function of dithiocarbamates as fungicides is to inhibit fungal growth and reproduction. They achieve this through a specific mode of action, which involves interfering with critical enzymes and processes within the fungal cells by inhibition of enzymes, disruption of energy production, oxidative stress induction that can damage cellular components, including DNA, proteins, and lipids.
Mancozeb (IUPAC name: ((1,2-Ethanediylbis(carbamodithioato))(2-)) manganese zinc salt, Molecular formula: (C4H6MnN2S4)x(Zn)y). Mancozeb is a broad spectrum, multi-site fungicide with curative and protective effects. Mancozeb is a member of the ethylene bisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) group of fungicides, which includes the related active ingredients maneb and metiram. Mancozeb is registered for use on a variety of agricultural crops, ornamentals, and turf without causing significant phytotoxicity, which is a potential risk with some other fungicides.

The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention controls different groups of fungi selected from ascomycota, deuteromycota, basidiomycota and oomycota on a wide variety of crops.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention is also used for seed treatment to protect against several diseases which impair good seed germination and seedling development.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention controls many diseases in plants which include anthracnose, blast, leaf spot, dollar spot, tikka, rusts, scab, powdery mildew, downy mildew, net blotch, blight, summer patch, brown patch, and rot.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention used to controls many diseases in several plants selected from but not limited to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties selected from cotton (gossypium spp.), paddy (oryza sativa), wheat (triticum aestavum), barley (hordeum vulgare), maize (zea mays), sorghum (sorghum bicolor), pearl millet (pennisetum glaucum), sugarcane (saccharum officinarum), sugarbeet (beta vulgaris), soybean (glycin max), peanut (arachis hypogaea), sunflower (helianthus annuus), mustard (brassica juncea), rape seed (brassica napus), linseed (linum usitatissimum), sesame (sesamum indicum), green gram (vigna radiata), black gram (vigna mungo), chickpea (cicer aritinum), cowpea (vigna unguiculata), redgram (cajanus cajan), frenchbean (phaseolus vulgaris), indian bean (lablab purpureus), horse gram (macrotyloma uniflorum), field pea (pisum sativum), cluster bean (cyamopsis tetragonoloba), lentils (lens culinaris), brinjal (solanum melongena), cabbage (brassica oleracea var. capitata), cauliflower (brassica oleracea var. botrytis), okra (abelmoschus esculentus), onion (allium cepa l.), tomato (solanum lycopersicun), potato (solanum tuberosum), sweet potato (ipomoea batatas), chilly (capsicum annum), garlic (allium sativum), cucumber (cucumis sativus), muskmelons (cucumis melo), watermelon (citrullus lanatus), bottle gourd (lagenaria siceraria), bitter gourd (momordica charantia), radish (raphanus sativus), carrot (dacus carota subsp. sativus), turnip (brassic rapa subsp rapa), apple (melus domestica), banana (musa spp.), citrus groups (citrus spp.), grape (vitis vinifera), guava (psidium guajava), litchi (litchi chinensis), mango (mangifera indica), papaya (carica papaya), pineapple (ananas comosus), pomegranate (punica granatum) , sapota (manilkara zapota), tea (camellia sinensis), coffea (coffea arabica), turmeric (curcuma longa), ginger (zingiber officinale), cumin (cuminum cyminum), fenugreek (trigonella foenumgraecum), fennel (foeniculum vulgare), coriander (coriandrum sativum), ajwain (trachyspermum ammi), psyllium (plantago ovate), black pepper (piper nigrum), stevia (stevia rebaudiana), safed musli (chlorophytum tuberosum), drum stick (moringa oleifera), coconut (coco nucifera), mentha (mentha spp.), rose (rosa spp.), jasmine (jasminum spp.), marigold (tagetes spp.), common daisy (bellis perennis), dahlia (dahlia hortnesis), gerbera (gerbera jamesonii), carnation (dianthus caryophyllus).
The first embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
at least one triazole fungicide;
at least one strobilurin fungicide and
at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide.
The first aspect of first embodiment, the triazole fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising tebuconazole, propiconazole, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, myclobutanil, imazalil, triadimefon, triadimenol, flusilazole and penconazole; preferably myclobutanil.
The second aspect of first embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, metominostrobin and dimoxystrobin; preferably azoxystrobin.
The third aspect of first embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising amobam, ferbam, maneb, mancozeb, metam, milneb, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb (metiram), ziram; preferably mancozeb.
The fourth aspect of first embodiment, the triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and dithiocarbamate fungicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
The second embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
at least one triazole fungicide;
at least one strobilurin fungicide;
at least one dithiocarbamate class of fungicide and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
The first aspect of second embodiment, the triazole fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising tebuconazole, propiconazole, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, myclobutanil, imazalil, triadimefon, triadimenol, flusilazole and penconazole; preferably myclobutanil.
The second aspect of second embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, metominostrobin and dimoxystrobin; preferably azoxystrobin.
The third aspect of second embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising amobam, ferbam, maneb, mancozeb, metam, milneb, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb (metiram), ziram; preferably mancozeb.
The fourth aspect of second embodiment, the triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and dithiocarbamate fungicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
The fifth aspect of second embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to group comprising of liquid medium, surfactants, stabilizer, anti-freezing agent, antifoaming agents, anticaking agent, dispersing agents and adjuvants. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of second embodiment, liquid medium acts as a carrier for the active ingredients and provides a stable environment for suspension selected form but not limited to water and organic solvents.
Further aspect of second embodiment, surfactant includes wetting Agent and emulsifier.
Further aspect of second embodiment, the wetting Agent selected from but not limited to alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene oxide, silicone-based wetting agent, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, propylene glycol esters, ethoxylated alkylphenols, cocoamidopropyl betaine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, glycolic acid esters, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol esters; preferably alkyl sulfates; more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
Further aspect of second embodiment, stabilizer includes antioxidant, chelating agent, pH adjusters, UV absorber, stabilizing polymers, and inert filler.
Further aspect of second embodiment, inert filler selected from but not limited to kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite, china clay, corn rachis powder, walnut husk powder, urea, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate and silicon oxide; preferably china clay.
Further aspect of second embodiment, anti-freezing agent selected from but not limited to ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol, calcium chloride, sodium acetate, potassium acetate and urea.
Further aspect of second embodiment, antifoaming agents selected from but not limited to silicone-based antifoams, polyethylene glycol-based antifoams, mineral oil-based antifoams, ethylene glycol-based antifoams, polysorbate-based antifoams, dimethicone-based antifoams, polypropylene glycol-based antifoams, vegetable oil-based antifoams, alkyl siloxane-based antifoams and fatty acid-based antifoams.
Further aspect of second embodiment, anticaking agent selected from silica-based compounds includes silicon dioxide (silica), precipitated silica (amorphous form of silicon dioxide), calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, sodium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminium silicate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium ferrocyanide, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and sodium bicarbonate; preferably precipitated silica.
Further aspect of second embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum Arabic and carbomer; preferably sodium aryl sulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate or combination of both; more preferably sodium naphthalene sulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate or combination of both.
Further aspect of second embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreaders, stickers, penetrants, preservatives, drift control agents, buffering agents, thickeners, compatibility agents, binders and safeners.
The third embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
azoxystrobin;
mancozeb;
wetting agent;
stabilizer;
anticaking agent;
dispersing agent; and
adjuvant.
The first aspect of third embodiment, the triazole fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising tebuconazole, propiconazole, epoxiconazole, difenoconazole, myclobutanil, imazalil, triadimefon, triadimenol, flusilazole and penconazole; preferably myclobutanil.
The second aspect of third embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, metominostrobin and dimoxystrobin; preferably azoxystrobin.
The third aspect of third embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from but not limited to the group comprising amobam, ferbam, maneb, mancozeb, metam, milneb, nabam, propineb, thiram, zineb (metiram), ziram; preferably mancozeb.
The fourth aspect of third embodiment, the triazole fungicide, strobilurin fungicide and dithiocarbamate fungicide are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
The fifth aspect of third embodiment, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from but not limited to group comprising of wetting agent, stabilizer, anticaking agent, dispersing agents, and adjuvants. These are selected according to the respective types of formulation requirements, and which will facilitate in the preparation different formulations.
Further aspect of third embodiment, the wetting agent selected from but not limited to alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, alkyl polyglucosides, polyethylene glycol esters, polyethylene oxide, silicone-based wetting agent, ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated vegetable oils, ethoxylated sorbitan esters, propylene glycol esters, ethoxylated alkylphenols, cocoamidopropyl betaine, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, glycolic acid esters, isopropyl alcohol, glycerol esters; preferably alkyl sulfates; more preferably sodium lauryl sulfate.
Further aspect of third embodiment, stabilizer includes antioxidant, chelating agent, pH adjusters, UV absorber, stabilizing polymers, and inert filler.
Further aspect of third embodiment, inert filler selected from but not limited to kaolin clay, attapulgite clay, bentonite, montmorillonite, acid white clay, pyrophyllite, talc, diatomaceous earth and calcite, china clay, corn rachis powder, walnut husk powder, urea, calcium carbonate, ammonium sulfate and silicon oxide; preferably china clay.
Further aspect of third embodiment, anticaking agent selected from silica-based compounds includes silicon dioxide (silica), precipitated silica (amorphous form of silicon dioxide), calcium silicate, magnesium stearate, sodium aluminosilicate, potassium aluminium silicate, tricalcium phosphate, sodium ferrocyanide, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, and sodium bicarbonate; preferably precipitated silica.
Further aspect of third embodiment, dispersing agents selected from but not limited to polyethylene glycol, polysorbate, poly acrylate, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl alcohol, poly ethoxylated alcohol, poly ethoxylated fatty acids, polyacrylic acid, polyvinylpyrrolidone, alkyl sulfonates, aryl sulfonates, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lignosulfonate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, sorbitan esters (e.g., sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate), gum Arabic and carbomer; preferably sodium aryl sulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate or combination of both; more preferably sodium naphthalene sulfonate or sodium lignosulfonate or combination of both.
Further aspect of second embodiment, adjuvant includes but not limited to spreaders, stickers, penetrants, preservatives, drift control agents, buffering agents, thickeners, compatibility agents, binders and safeners.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
azoxystrobin;
mancozeb; and
agricultural acceptable excipient.
The first aspect of the fourth embodiment, synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a combination of myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb; myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
Further aspect of fourth embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment comprising at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient thereof which is / are used in preparation desired formulation.
The further aspect of the fourth embodiment, the composition of fourth embodiment is formulated as suspension concentrates (SC).
The fifth embodiment of the present invention provides a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
myclobutanil;
azoxystrobin;
mancozeb;
sodium lauryl sulfate;
china clay;
precipitated silica;
sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate; and/or
sodium lignosulfonate.
The first aspect of fifth embodiment, synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a combination of myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb; myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb are present in the weight ratio of (1-80): (1-80): (1-80); preferably in the ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
The further aspect of the embodiment, the composition of fifth embodiment is formulated as suspension concentrates (SC).
Another embodiment of present invention provides a process for the preparation of a fungicidal formulation comprising:
add china clay into the pre blender,
add myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb into the same blender and mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained,
add wetting agent, dispersing agent and anticaking agent into the above mixture and mix well,
after mixing the above material, optionally mill or grind to get the desired
particle size and remove any oversized particles or agglomerate,
then material is transferred into the post blender and mixed well until a homogenous mixture is obtained, and
pack the formulation and seal it.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition of the present invention used to control fungal diseases in several crops specifically selected from rice, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals, and field crops and for various other pest control requirements.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition further comprises at least another agrochemical selected from a fungicide, insecticide, herbicide, biocide, nutrient, plant growth regulator, plant activator, fertilizers and likewise.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the fungicidal composition of the present invention shows synergistic effects of better pest control with minimum fungal resistance and improved crop yield and quality.
Another embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic fungicidal composition is applied at different stages of crops for preventive, curative, systemic activity by conventional spraying methods, such as foliar applications or soil applications over the target areas of crops at same time avoiding excessive drift or runoff of the composition securing thorough coverage.
Another embodiment of the present invention, synergistic fungicidal combination decreases natural hazardous effect of single active ingredient and minimizes the residue deposition in environment.
Advantages of the Present Invention:
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention is specifically designed to control fungal diseases in plants by targeting and eliminating the fungal pathogens with three-fold mode of action includes sterol biosynthesis pathway inhibition, inhibition of ubiquinol oxidase at Qo site and interference/inhibition biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall and associated enzymatic processes there by enhance crop health and improve overall yields compare to single component of composition, market standards and admixture of those components.
The novel, innovative and synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention making them versatile and adaptable to different application methods and crops for various agricultural practices.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of the present invention has quick action on disease control after application. This quick action will help to prevent further disease spread and reduce crop damage.
Higher efficacy against broader spectrum of fungicides with different modes of action can be used in rotation or as part of an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to reduce the risk of developing resistant fungal diseases.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention can also be used in seed treatment which protects harvested crops during storage and transportation, preventing post-harvest diseases and ensuring the quality and marketability of the product.
The synergistic fungicidal composition of present invention minimizes the potential negative effects on the environment and non-target organisms. And which is absorbed by the plant system within two hours of the spray and it cannot be washed away by the post application rains.
The best mode of carrying present invention is described in the below given examples. These examples are merely for illustrative purposes only, not to determine the scope of the invention and in no way limit the scope or spirit of the present invention.
EXAMPLES:
EXAMPLE 1: SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (SC) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION:
TABLE 1:
S. No Ingredient Weight / Weight %
1 Myclobutanil 2.5
2 Azoxystrobin 6.5
3 Mancozeb 60
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 10
5 Precipitated silica 10
6 Sodium Alkyl Naphthalene Sulfonate 3
7 Sodium Lignosulfonate 2
8 China Clay QS
Total 100
EXAMPLE 2: PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF SUSPENSION CONCENTRATE (SC) FORMULATION OF SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDAL COMPOSITION OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
Add inert, myclobutanil azoxystrobin, and mancozeb into the pre blender in the above-mentioned ratios and mix well until a homogenous mixture is obtained. Add wetting agent, dispersing agent and anticaking agent into the above mixture and mix well. Then the material is transferred into the post blender and mixed well until a homogenous mixture is obtained.
EXAMPLE 3: BIO EFFICACY AND PHYTOTOXICITY TESTS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION FOR MYCLOBUTANIL 2.5% + AZOXYSTROBIN 6.5% + MANCOZEB 60%
Methodology:
Presently to evaluate the efficacy of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% SC formulation against different fungal pathogens on different crops and to test their phytotoxicity on the crop after the sprayings have been conducted. Powdery mildew in black gram, cercospora leafspot in green gram, powdery mildew in cucumber and downy mildew in grape are taken for evaluation. Along with myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% SC formulation both the fungicides are tested individually, and with the market standards. The tests are conducted at three dose levels viz., low, medium, and high along with the sole molecule as individual treatments and their efficiency comparison is done with the current competitive market standards. The active ingredients are tested at three different formulation strengths i.e., myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% (@1200ml/ha), myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% (@1500ml/ha) and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ (1800ml/ha. To justify the result, the overall effect and other parameters are calculated over untreated check and to see their effect on crop, its yield is recorded. The crops are first divided into plots for each treatment and replicated three times following randomized block design. The spraying method followed was foliar application with the help of a knapsack sprayer and three sprays are with an interval of 10 days.

Method of Observations:
Disease observations: select 5 random plants in the plot and the disease symptoms are scored based on disease rating scale and then the percentage disease index will be calculated.
The observations were taken at 1 day before spraying and at 10 Days after spraying.
Take the observation on the crop safety of the fungicide i.e., Phytotoxicity / softener observation of fungicide after application at 5 and 10 Days after application.
Parameters of Observations:
The disease severity is measured by an index, measured as Percent disease index (PDI) will be calculated by using following formula:–
PDI = (Sum of all disease ratings)/(Total no.of leaves x Maximum disease grade) x 100
The percent reduction is calculated by the following formula:–
% Reduction = ( PDI in control plot-PDI in treated plot )/(PDI in control plot)× 100
The effect of these fungicides in combination and alone when applied on crops is assessed based on the yield (quintal per hectare). This parameter defines the crop quality.
Results:
The fungicide combination of Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% SC formulation is effective against wide range of diseases, so the different diseases controlled in different crops in the field experiments were enlisted below:
Black gram – Powdery mildew (Erisyphe polygoni)
Green gram – Cercospora leafspot (Cercospora canescens)
Cucurbit – Powdery mildew (Eerysiphe cichoracearum)
Grape – Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola)
Example – 3.1: Black gram – Powdery mildew
Table 1. Efficacy of application of Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% formulation against Powdery mildew in Black gram:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml/ha) Percent disease index (PDI) after every spray % Reduction in PDI
Pre 1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG
Myclobutanil 2.5%+ Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 43.5 25 19 10 24.38 58.33 76.04 89.15 74.51
Myclobutanil 2.5%+ Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 42.8 26 19 6 23.45 56.67 76.04 93.49 75.40
Myclobutanil 2.5%+ Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 42 19 10 3 18.50 68.33 87.39 96.75 84.16
Myclobutanil 200 44 25 17 21 26.75 58.33 78.56 77.22 71.37
Azoxystrobin 125 42.6 37.8 28.4 18 31.70 37.00 64.19 80.48 60.55
Mancozeb 1500 43.5 38.4 31.1 21 33.50 36.00 60.78 77.22 58.00
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 44.1 36.9 25 25 32.75 38.50 68.47 72.89 59.95
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 42.4 40.2 31.3 26.2 35.03 33.00 60.53 71.58 55.04
Untreated -- 42 60 79.3 92.2 68.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
The data presented in Table. 1 showed the effect of different fungicidal treatments in combination, alone and the effect of market standards on disease severity of powdery mildew disease in black gram. The percent reduction in disease incidence was also explained through the data represented in above table with treatments compared over control. In general, all treatments, at each rate of applications after three consecutive sprayings significantly reduced the disease severity comparing with the untreated control. The combination fungicidal treatments were more effective than sole molecules and market standards. The disease severity is measured as percent disease index (PDI), this varied between 42 to 44.1 among all the treatments before spraying (pre-treatment/pre-spray). The disease severity was measured 10 days after spraying and the spraying was done thrice in the crop. Among the tested fungicidal treatments, myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha were the most effective treatments. The PDI recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha was 42 before spray and reduced to 19, 10, 3 after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spraying. The second effective treatment was myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha where the PDI recorded was recorded as 42.8 before spraying and came down to 26 after 1st spray and recorded as 19, 6 after 2nd and 3rd spray. The lowest dose of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 43.5 as pre-treatment PDI, followed by 25 after end of first spray and reduced to 19 after 2nd and 10 after 3rd spray. While the market standards did not show much reduction in PDI. When calculated as percent disease reduction over control regarding the examined rates of fungicidal combination and as expected, recommended rates reduced the disease severity compared with fungicides applied alone and with market standards too. The percent reduction recorded were 84.16% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 600 ml/ha), 75.40% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 500 ml/ha) and 74.51% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 400 ml/ha), respectively, and the market standards recorded a percent reduction of 59.95% (azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4% SC @ 500 ml/ha) and 55.04% (metrafenone 500g/l SC @ 250 ml/ha) which was lower than the combination treatments.
Table 2. Effect of Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%formulation on yield in Black gram:
Treatments Dose (g or ml / ha) Yield (q/ha)
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 4.8
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 5
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 5.4
Myclobutanil 200 4.3
Azoxystrobin 125 4.2
Mancozeb 1500 4
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 4
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 3.8
Untreated -- 3.00
The yield of black gram recorded in different treatments as shown in the table above (Table 2.) implies that the combination molecule at the three doses positively affected the yield of the crop. The highest yield was recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% @ 1800 ml/ha with 5.4 q/ha, followed by myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha with 5 q/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 4.8 q/ha. While the individual molecules and market standards recorded yields ranging between 3.8-4.3 q/ha which were inferior to the yield recorded in the combination molecule treatments.
Table 3. Phytotoxicity of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% SC formulation on black gram:
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@1200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@1500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% +Mancozeb 60% @1800ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil @200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin @125ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mancozeb @ 1500 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC @500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC @250ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated 5 0 0 0 0 0 0

The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide combination i.e., myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% SC on black gram was tested after 5 and 10
Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present fungicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
Example – 3.2: Green gram – Cercospora leafspot
Table 4. Efficacy of application of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation against cercospora leafspot in green gram:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml/ha) Percent disease index (PDI) after every spray % Reduction in PDI
Pre 1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 14.9 12 10 8 11.23 56.52 74.55 87.58 72.88
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 15.8 9 7 4 8.95 67.39 82.19 93.79 81.12
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 16.4 5 0 1 5.60 81.88 100.00 98.45 93.44
Myclobutanil 200 16 16.7 18.9 23.6 18.80 39.49 51.91 63.35 51.59
Azoxystrobin 125 14.4 10 9 11 11.10 64.29 79.68 79.55 74.51
Mancozeb 1500 15.6 16.9 19.1 24.9 19.13 38.77 51.40 61.34 50.50
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 15.3 16 17.6 23.6 18.13 42.03 55.22 63.35 53.53
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 15.3 16.9 18.2 21.3 17.93 38.77 53.69 66.93 53.13
Untreated -- 15.3 27.6 39.3 64.4 36.65 0.00 1.00 2.00 1.00
The data presented in Table. 4 showed the effect of different fungicidal treatments in combination, alone and the effect of market standards on disease severity of cercospora leafspot disease in green gram. The percent reduction in disease incidence was also explained through the data represented in above table with treatments compared over control. In general, all treatments, at each rate of applications after three consecutive sprayings significantly reduced the disease severity comparing with the untreated control. The combination fungicidal treatments were more effective than sole molecules and market standards. The disease severity is measured as percent disease index (PDI), this varied between 14.4 to 16.4 among all the treatments before spraying (pre-treatment/pre-spray). The disease severity was measured 10 days after spraying and the spraying was done thrice in the crop. among the tested fungicidal treatments, myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha were the most effective treatments. The PDI recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha was 16.4 before spray and reduced to 5, 0, 1 after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spraying. The second effective treatment was myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha where the PDI recorded was recorded as 15.8 before spraying and came down to 9 after 1st spray and recorded as 7, 4 after 2nd and 3rd spray. The lowest dose of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 14.9 as pre-treatment PDI, followed by 12 after end of 1st spray and reduced to 10 after 2nd and 8 after 3rd spray. While the market standards did not show much reduction in PDI. When calculated as percent disease reduction over control regarding the examined rates of fungicidal combination and as expected, recommended rates reduced the disease severity compared with fungicides applied alone and with market standards too. The percent reduction recorded were 93.44% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha), 81.12% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha) and 72.88% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha), respectively, and the market standards recorded a percent reduction of 53.53% (azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4% SC @ 500 ml/ha) and 53.13% (metrafenone 500g/l SC @ 250 ml/ha) which was lower than the combination treatments.
Table 5. Effect of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%formulation on yield in green gram:
Treatments Dose (g or ml/ha) Yield (q/ha)
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 10
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 11
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 14
Myclobutanil 200 9
Azoxystrobin 125 8
Mancozeb 1500 7.8
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 7.3
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 7
Untreated -- 5.00
The yield of green gram recorded in different treatments as shown in the table above (Table 5.) implies that the combination molecule at the three doses positively affected the yield of the crop. The highest yield was recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha with 14 q/ha, followed by myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha with 11 q/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 10 q/ha. While the individual molecules and market standards recorded yields ranging between 7-9 q/ha which were inferior to the yield recorded in the combination molecule treatments.
Table 6. Phytotoxicity of Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%formulation on green gram:
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@1200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@1500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@1800ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil @200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin @125ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mancozeb @ 1500 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC @500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC @250ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide combination i.e., myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% on green gram was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present fungicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
Example – 3.3: Cucumber – Powdery mildew
Table 7. Efficacy of spray application of Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%formulation against powdery mildew in cucumber:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml/ha) Percent disease index (PDI) after every spray % Reduction in PDI
Pre 1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 4.8 1 2 3 2.70 86.49 81.13 76.74 81.45
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 5 1 1.4 1.8 2.30 86.49 86.79 86.05 86.44
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 4.8 0.5 0.8 1 1.78 93.24 92.45 92.25 92.65
Myclobutanil 200 4.4 4.2 4.8 4.9 4.58 43.24 54.72 62.02 53.33
Azoxystrobin 125 4.5 4.4 4 4.2 4.28 40.54 62.26 67.44 56.75
Mancozeb 1500 4.8 5.6 7 7.7 6.28 24.32 33.96 40.31 32.87
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 4.6 4.3 5.2 5.6 4.93 41.89 50.94 56.59 49.81
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 5 4.1 4.4 4.6 4.53 44.59 58.49 64.34 55.81
Untreated -- 4.8 7.4 10.6 12.9 8.93 0 0 0 0.00
The data presented in Table. 7 showed the effect of different fungicidal treatments in combination, alone and the effect of market standards on disease severity of powdery mildew disease in cucumber crop. The percent reduction in disease incidence was also explained through the data represented in above table with treatments compared over control. In general, all treatments, at each rate of applications after three consecutive sprayings significantly reduced the disease severity comparing with the untreated control. The combination fungicidal treatments were more effective than sole molecules and market standards. The disease severity is measured as percent disease index (PDI), this varied between 3.3 to 5 among all the treatments before spraying (pre-treatment/pre-spray). The disease severity was measured 10 days after spraying and the spraying was done thrice in the crop. among the tested fungicidal treatments, myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha were the most effective treatments. The PDI recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha was 4.8 before spray and reduced to 0.5, 0.8, 1 after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spraying. The second effective treatment was myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha where the PDI recorded was recorded as 5 before spraying and came down to 1 after 1st spray and recorded as 1.4, 1.8 after 2nd and 3rd spray. The lowest dose of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 4.8 as pre-treatment PDI, followed by 1 after end of first spray and reduced to 2 after 2nd and 3 after 3rd spray. while the market standards did not show much reduction in PDI. When calculated as percent disease reduction over control regarding the examined rates of fungicidal combination and as expected, recommended rates reduced the disease severity compared with fungicides applied alone and with market standards too. The percent reduction recorded were 92.65% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha), 86.44% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha) and 81.45% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha) respectively. The market standards recorded a percent reduction of 49.81% (azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4% SC @ 500 ml/ha) 55.81% (metrafenone 500g/l SC @ 250 ml/ha) which was lower than the combination treatments.
Table 8. Effect of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation on yield of cucumber:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Yield (q/ha)
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 105
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 118
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 150
Myclobutanil 200 97
Azoxystrobin 125 91
Mancozeb 1500 80
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 75
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 71.00
Untreated -- 65
The production of healthy yield of cucumber recorded in different treatments as shown in the table above (Table 8.) implies that the combination molecule at the three doses positively affected the yield of the crop and the quality of pods was also superior. The highest yield was recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha with 150q/ha, followed by myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha with 118 q/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 105 q/ha. While the individual molecules and market standards recorded yields ranging between 71-97q/ha were inferior to the yield recorded in the combination molecule treatments.
Table 9. Phytotoxicity of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation on cucumber:
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@400ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@600ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil @200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin @125ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mancozeb @ 1500 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC @500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC @250ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide combination i.e., myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% on cucumber crop was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present fungicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
Example – 3.4: Grape-Downy mildew
Table 10. Efficacy of spray application of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation against downy mildew in grape:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Percent disease index (PDI) after every spray % Reduction in PDI
Pre 1 2 3 AVG 1 2 3 AVG
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 19 12 9 15 13.75 63.08 83.58 78.78 75.15
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 18 8 11 13 12.50 75.38 79.93 81.61 78.97
Myclobutanil 2.5% +Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 17 5 8 10 10.00 84.62 85.40 85.86 85.29
Myclobutanil 200 19 25 20 19 20.75 23.08 63.50 73.13 53.24
Azoxystrobin 125 16.7 20 32 37 26.43 38.46 41.61 47.67 42.58
Mancozeb 1500 18 22 20 21 20.25 32.31 63.50 70.30 55.37
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 18 27 40 45 32.50 16.92 27.01 36.35 26.76
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 19 25 37 39 30.00 23.08 32.48 44.84 33.47
Untreated -- 19 32.5 54.8 70.7 44.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
The data presented in Table. 10 showed the effect of different fungicidal treatments in combination, alone and the effect of market standards on disease severity of downy mildew disease in grape crop. The percent reduction in disease incidence was also explained through the data represented in above table with treatments compared over control. In general, all treatments, at each rate of applications after three consecutive sprayings significantly reduced the disease severity comparing with the untreated control. The combination fungicidal treatments were more effective than sole molecules and market standards. The disease severity is measured as percent disease index (PDI), this varied between 16.7 to 19 among all the treatments before spraying (pre-treatment/pre-spray). The disease severity was measured 10 days after spraying and the spraying was done thrice in the crop. Among the tested fungicidal treatments, myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha were the most effective treatments. The PDI recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha was 17 before spray and reduced to 5, 8, 10 after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spraying. The second effective treatment was myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha where the PDI recorded was recorded as 18 before spraying and came down to 8 after 1st spray and recorded as 11, 13 after 2nd and 3rd spray. the lowest dose of myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 19 as pre-treatment PDI, followed by 12 after end of first spray and reduced to 9 after 2nd and 15 after 3rd spray. While the market standards did not show much reduction in PDI. When calculated as percent disease reduction over control regarding the examined rates of fungicidal combination and as expected, recommended rates reduced the disease severity compared with fungicides applied alone and with market standards too. The percent reduction recorded were 85.29% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha), 78.97% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha) and 75.15% (myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha) respectively. The market standards recorded a percent reduction of 26.76% (azoxystrobin 18.2 + difenconazole 11.4% SC @ 500 ml/ha) 33.47% (metrafenone 500g/l SC @ 250 ml/ha) which was lower than the combination treatments.
Table 11. Effect of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation on yield in grape:
Treatments Dose
(g or ml / ha) Yield (kg/vine)
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1200 15
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1500 18
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60% 1800 20
Myclobutanil 200 9
Azoxystrobin 125 10
Mancozeb 1500 8.6
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC 500 8
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC 250 7
Untreated -- 6.00
The production of healthy fruit yield of grape recorded in different treatments as shown in the table above (Table 11.) implies that the combination molecule at the three doses positively affected the yield of the crop and the quality of pods was also superior. The highest yield was recorded in myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1800 ml/ha with 20 kg/vine, followed by myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1500 ml/ha with 18 kg/vine and myclobutanil 2.5% + azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60%@ 1200 ml/ha with 15 kg/vine. While the individual molecules and market standards recorded yields ranging between 7-10 kg/vine which were inferior to the yield recorded in the combination molecule treatments.
Table 12. Phytotoxicity of myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% formulation on grape:
Treatments Days Visual Rating Scale
Yellowing Necrosis Wilting Vein
Clearing Leaf tip / Margin Dying Stunting / Dwarfing
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@ 1200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@ 1500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil 2.5% + Azoxystrobin 6.5% + Mancozeb 60%@ 1800ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Myclobutanil @200ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin @125ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mancozeb @ 1500 g/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Azoxystrobin 18.2 + Difenconazole 11.4% SC @500ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Metrafenone 500 g/lit SC @250ml/ha 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
Untreated 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 0 0 0 0 0 0
The phytotoxicity effect of the fungicide combination i.e., myclobutanil 2.5% +azoxystrobin 6.5% + mancozeb 60% on grape was tested after 5 and 10 Days after spraying. The crop was checked for symptoms like yellowing, necrosis, wilting, vein clearing, leaf tip or leaf margin dying and stunting or dwarfing of plants. After thorough observations, it could be concluded that the crop did not show any symptoms of phytotoxicity. Therefore, the present fungicide combination can be considered a safe molecule.
It is to be understood that this disclosure is not limited to a particular compositions or specific constituents, which can, of course, vary and that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting the scope of the invention. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise, and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art and so forth.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this disclosure pertains. Although any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice for testing of the disclosure(s), specific examples of appropriate materials and methods are described herein. The examples set forth above are provided to give those of ordinarily skilled in the art a complete description of how to make and use the embodiments of the compositions or specific constituents, methods of practice, and are not intended to limit the scope of what the inventors regard as their invention. Modifications of the above-described modes for carrying out the invention that is obvious to persons skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims. All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the disclosure pertains.
While specific embodiments of the present invention are explicitly disclosed herein, the above specification and examples herein are illustrative and not restrictive. It will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Many variations of the disclosure will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of this specification and the embodiments below. The full scope of the invention should be determined by reference to the embodiments, along with their full scope of equivalents and the specification, along with such variations. Accordingly, other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. ,CLAIMS:CLAIMS:
We Claim:
A synergistic fungicidal composition comprising:
at least one triazole fungicide;
at least one strobilurin fungicide;
at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide; and
at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the triazole fungicide is myclobutanil, the strobilurin fungicide is azoxystrobin and dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein myclobutanil, azoxystrobin and mancozeb are present in the weight ratio of (1-10): (1-10): (1-80).
The composition as claimed in claim 1, agriculturally acceptable excipient selected from wetting agent, stabilizer, anticaking agent, dispersing agents, and/or adjuvants.
The synergistic fungicidal composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the formulation is suspension concentrate (SC).
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the composition control ascomycota, deuteromycota, basidiomycota and oomycota on a wide variety of crops selected rice, wheat, fruits, roots, tubers, vegetables, maize, grains, sugarcane, cereals, and field crops.
The composition as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the composition is applied at different stages of crops for preventive, curative and systemic activity by conventional spraying methods over the target areas of crops.