F O R M 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10; rule 13)
1. Title of the invention. –
SYNERGISTIC FUNGICIDE COMPOSITION
2. Applicant(s)
(a) NAME : UPL LIMITED
(b) NATIONALITY : An Indian Company
(c) ADDRESS : UPL Limited, UPL House, 610 B/2, Bandra Village,
off Western Express Highway, Bandra (East),
Mumbai – 400 051, Maharashtra, India
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which
it is to be performed :
2
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an improvement in the fungicidal composition. The
present invention relates to a fungicide composition based on dithiocarbamate 5 and
another fungicide compound and a method for protecting plants against fungal
diseases using said composition.
Background of the invention
Rice is the world’s most important crop and staple food for more than a half of the
10 world’s population. Global rice consumption has increased by more than 50
milliontons, with an average annual growth of nearly 2 percent in the past 7 years.
India stands first in area, second in production, followed by China (FAO, 2014) [1].
Rice production is affected by several biotic and abiotic constraints; rice blast
disease stands out the most disastrous diseases globally affecting rice production.
15 The commonly used management approaches to deal with blast are fungicides.
Fungicides are chemical compounds used to prevent, control or eradicate the spread
of fungi on crop or plants in the gardens or in nursery, ornamental plants, etc. This
can cause serious damage resulting in the loss of yield and thus quality as well as
profit from the crop plants. Fungicides are also used to fight fungal infections.
20 Fungicides can either be contact or systemic fungicides. A contact fungicide kills
fungi when sprayed on the infected its surface; and a systemic fungicide has to be
absorbed by the plant.
Carbendazim chemically known as methyl benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate with
molecular formula as C9H9N3O2
25
Carbendazim is a systemic benzimidazole fungicide that plays a very important role
in plant disease control. It was first reported in 1973 and was developed by BASF,
3
Hoeschst (now part of Bayer) and Dupont. Pure carbendazim is a colourless, white
crystaline, odourless solid which decomposes on melting at approximately 250ºC.
Technical grade is >98% pure (FAO specification). Carbendazim is not corrosive.
Carbendazim is used to control a broad range of diseases on arable crops (cereals,
oilseed rape), fruits, vegetables and ornamentals. It is also used in 5 post-harvest food
storage, and as a seed pre-planting treatment.
Mancozeb chemically known as [[2-(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl] carbamodithioato]]
(2−)-κS,κS′]manganese mixture with [[2-
[(dithiocarboxy)amino]ethyl]carbamodithioato]](2−)-κS,κS′]zinc with molecular
10 formula as :
-SCSNHCH2CH2NHCSSMn- (Zn)
Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate non-systemic agricultural fungicide with multi-site,
protective action on contact. The mixture controls many fungal diseases in a wide
range of field crops, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and ornamentals.
15 As regards fungicide activity, in particular for the protection of crops, various
compounds have been applied that shown good fungicide activity. However, the
research continues for improvement of performances, in particular in terms of
fungicide activity and in particular in terms of maintaining this fungicide activity
over time.
20 Tebuconazole, chemical name (RS) -I- (4- chlorophenyl) -4,4-dimethyl -3- (1H-
1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl ) pentan-3-ol, the structure of formula (I), is an effective,
broad-spectrum, triazole microbicidal fungicide.
(I)
Zineb is the chemical compound with the formula
25 {Zn[S2CN(H)CH2CH2N(H)CS2]}n. Zineb is a polymeric complex of zinc with the
4
ethylene bis(dithiocarbamate) anionic ligand. It is used as a fungicide to control
downy mildews, rusts and redfire disease.
Thiophanate methyl is a member of the benzimidazole group of fungicides. It is a
broad spectrum systemic fungicide with protective and curative mode of action. It is
absorbed by the leaves and roots. It is effective against a wide 5 range of fungal
pathogens including brown spot/septoria leaf blight, pod & stem blight of soybean
and powdery mildew of fruits.
Mancozeb is a dithiocarbamate fungicide. It is the zinc ion coordination product
with manganese ethylene-1,2-bisdithiocarbamate polymer, having the following
10 chemical structure:
Copper sulphate generates copper ions in an aqueous solution thereof and shows a
very strong bactericidal action or effect. Therefore, it has been used as an
agricultural chemical over not less than 100 years, while making use of the
15 foregoing characteristic properties. Variety of copper-based fungicides formulations
having broad ranges of antibacterial spectrum have been used for controlling crop
diseases. However, they have a drawback in that they are less effective for
controlling the plant diseases.
The use of fungicide combinations is a widespread and documented practice in the
20 agricultural community. Fungicidal combinations offer significant advantages over
individual applications including improved and extended fungal control, reduced
fungicide application rates and costs, shorter contact times for improved results, less
stringent use restrictions, improved selectivity, improved spectrum of fungi
controlled, reduced cost and reduced residue problems.
25 However, there exists a continuous need in the art for improved compositions that
not only helps in controlling the fungal growth but also enhances bioefficacy, having
5
reduced phytotoxicity and an improved stability characteristics and economic
significance.
It has been known that application of ‘Carbendazim and Mancozeb’ in the
composition, the saprophytic fungi are controlled and due to the plant’s undiseased
state the nutritional requirement is fulfilled and the biomass 5 of the plants is
increased.
Granular formulations offer significant advantages over other formulations such as
ease of handling, ease of use, reduced worker exposure, reduced toxicity, and
therefore offer a convenient form for delivery of pesticides. These granules flow
10 freely and cleanly from their containers and significantly reduce dust hazards. In
order to be effective, the granules are required to maintain their physical integrity
until they are delivered to the carrier liquid, where they must disintegrate rapidly
into fine particles that can remain suspended in the liquid phase.
Even though the combination of Mancozeb and Carbendazim is known in the art, the
15 same is not known to be synergistically effective in granular formulation combating
the fungal diseases.
However, there exists a continuous need in the art for improved compositions that
not only helps in controlling the fungal growth but also enhances bioefficacy, having
reduced phytotoxicity and an improved stability characteristics and economic
20 significance.
The present invention thus relates to a defined combination of pesticidal active
ingredients, and compositions thereof, and methods for using such combinations in
the control or prevention of fungal infections in agriculture.
Objects of the Invention:
25 The various embodiments of the present invention may, but do not necessarily,
achieve one or more of the following advantages and/or objects:
An object of the present invention is to provide improved fungicidal composition
comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide.
6
Another object of the present invention is to provide fungicidal composition
comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide in a synergistic ratio
for an efficacious fungal control.
An object of the present invention is to provide improved fungicidal composition
comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole 5 fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide, or a copper fungicide in a solid formulation
meant for direct use, useful for combating fungal infections.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fungicidal
composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide that is
10 useful for effectively controlling one or more fungal infections selected from sheath
blight, blast, dirty panicle or brown leaf spot and also enhances the vigor/yield of the
plant.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fungicidal
composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole fungicide
15 or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide or a copper fungicide that is useful for
effectively controlling sheath blight, blast fungal diseases and also enhances the
vigor/yield of the plant, wherein said solid formulation is meant for direct use.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a solid fungicidal formulation
which is having good suspensibility and dispersibility.
20 Yet another preferred object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible
granular formulation comprising mancozeb and copper salt.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible granular
formulation comprising mancozeb and copper salt having superior antifungal
effects.
25 Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible granular
formulation of mancozeb and copper salt having an improved and extended fungal
control, reduced fungicide application rates and costs, shorter contact times for
improved results, less stringent use restrictions, improved selectivity, improved
spectrum of fungi controlled, reduced costs, and reduced residue problems.
7
Another object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible granular
formulation comprising mancozeb and copper salt in a synergistic ratio for an
efficacious fungal control.
Yet another advantage of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible
granular formulation of mancozeb and copper salt offering several 5 advantages such
as ease of handling, ease of use, reduced work exposure, reduced toxicity, reduced
spillage and waste disposal, less field drift, free-flow and significant reduction in
dust hazards.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a water dispersible granular
10 formulation of mancozeb and copper salt having superior attrition resistance without
compromising on rapid dispersibility of the formulation and exhibits good
suspensivity in water on being dispersed.
These and the other advantages may be realized by reference to the remaining
portions of the specification.
15 Summary of the invention
In an aspect the present invention provides that a fungicidal composition comprising
a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide was synergistic only when
presented as a a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides an improved composition of a
20 dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide in the form of a solid formulation
meant for direct use.
In an aspect the present invention provides that a fungicidal composition comprising
a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide or a copper fungicide was synergistic only when
25 presented as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide
and at least one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant/ agriculturally acceptable
excipient.
8
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole
fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide or a copper fungicide and at least
one agriculturally acceptable adjuvant/ agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling 5 fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide
in a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
10 locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole
fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide or a copper fungicide in a solid
formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a kit comprising a dithiocarbamate
15 fungicide component and another fungicidal component, wherein the kit comprises
at least one component as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a kit comprising a fungicide
composition comprising of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole
fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide by weight of the composition,
20 wherein the kit comprises at least one component comprising the fungicidal
composition as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
According to an aspect the present invention provides a water dispersible granular
formulation comprising fungicidally effective amounts of mancozeb and copper salt.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises mancozeb
25 and copper sulphate in a ratio of about 1:1.5.
In another aspect the present invention provides a formulation comprising mancozeb
and copper sulphate in an amount of about 20-50% of each of the active ingredients
by weight of the composition.
9
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
mancozeb and copper sulphate for controlling the disease downy mildew
(Plasmoporaviticola), powdery mildew (Uncinulanecator) and anthracnose
(Sphaceloniaamplelinium).
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition 5 comprising
mancozeb and copper sulphate for controlling the disease downy mildew
(Plasmoporaviticola), powdery mildew (Uncinulanecator) and anthracnose
(Sphaceloniaamplelinium) in grapes.
A water dispersible granular formulation comprising (a) mancozeb; (b) copper
10 sulphate; (c) at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier selected from alkyl
naphthalene sulphonate condensate or alkali salts or condensate thereof, sodium
naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, polyethyleneglycol mono-[2,4,6-
tris(1-phenylethyl] phenyl ether; an alkali metal salt of alkylnaphthalenesulfonate or
an alkali metal salt of dioctylsulphosuccinate or a combination thereof.
15 In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
mancozeb and a copper fungicide selected from copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,
copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture), and at least one
agriculturally acceptable carrier/ agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the copper fungicide is copper sulphate.
20 In an embodiment, the copper fungicide is tribasic copper sulfate.
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
mancozeb and copper sulphate and at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier/
agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
25 locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
mancozeb and a copper fungicide.
In another aspect the present invention provides a kit comprising a fungicide
composition comprising mancozeb in an amount of about 25-35% and copper
sulphate in an amount of about 40-50% by weight of the composition.
10
Additional features and advantages of the proposed invention will be apparent from
the detailed description that follows, which illustrates by way of example, the most
preferred features of the proposed invention which are not to be construed as
limiting the scope of the invention described herein.
Detailed description 5 of the invention
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the
same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which
this invention belongs. It must be noted that, as used in this specification, the
singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly
10 dictates otherwise.
The term "about" used to qualify the amounts of mancozeb and carbendazim shall be
interpreted to mean "approximately" or "reasonably close to" and any statistically
insignificant variations therefrom.
As used herein, the terms “comprising” “including,” “having,” “containing,”
15 “involving,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean
including but not limited to. The terms “preferred” and “preferably” refer to
embodiments of the invention that may afford certain benefits, under certain
circumstances.
In an embodiment, the aspects and embodiments described herein shall also be
20 interpreted to replace the clause “comprising” with either “consisting of” or with
“consisting essentially of” or with “consisting substantially of”.
The term ‘locus’ as used herein shall denote the vicinity of a desired crop in which
fungal control is desired. The locus includes the vicinity of desired crop plants
wherein the fungal infestation has occurred or is expected to occur. The term crop
25 shall include a multitude of desired crop plants or an individual crop plant growing
at a locus.
The term ‘control’ indicates eradication of the investigated fungi. A 100% control
signifies total eradication of the fungi under investigation.
11
The term “fungicidally effective amount” of active components, as used herein, shall
denote an amount that can be used to control harmful fungi when used together.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of mancozeb” includes mancozeb being
preferably, but not limited to, present in a composition from about 25% to about
35% by weight of the composition. In an embodiment, the 5 term “fungicidally
effective amount of mancozeb” includes mancozeb being present in an amount of
about 30% by weight of the composition.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of copper sulphate” includes copper
sulphate being preferably, but not limited to, present in a composition from about
10 40% to about 50% by weight of the composition. In an embodiment, the term
“fungicidally effective amount of copper sulphate” includes copper sulphate being
present in an amount of about 47.15% by weight of the composition.
It has been surprisingly found by the present inventors that a fungicidal combination
comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and another fungicide was synergistic only
15 when presented as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
It was further found that the fungicidal combination of a dithiocarbamate fungicide
and another fungicide was best only additive, and more frequently antagonistic,
when presented as a solid formulation meant for dispersion or dissolution.
It has also been surprisingly found by the present inventors that a fungicidal
20 combination comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole fungicide
or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide was synergistic only when presented as a
solid formulation meant for direct use.
It was further found that the fungicidal combination of a dithiocarbamate fungicide
and a benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide was best
25 only additive, and more frequently antagonistic, when presented as a solid
formulation meant for dispersion or dissolution.
Without wishing to be bound by theory, the present inventors believe that when
administered as a solid formulation meant for direct use, preferably in granular
formulation, the dithiocarbamate fungicide and the second fungicide which can be
12
benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide interact more
intimately thus exhibiting a synergistic correlation, which was not seen in a solid
formulation meant for dissolution or dispersion.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention there is provided an improved
fungicidal composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and 5 at least another
fungicide which can be benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate or a
copper fungicide, wherein the composition is a solid formulation meant for direct
use.
Thus, the present invention provides an improved composition of a dithiocarbamate
10 fungicide and another fungicide which can be benzimidazole fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate or a copper fungicide for controlling fungal disease in
plants, wherein the improved composition is a solid formulation meant for direct
use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
15 at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
at least one another fungicide; and
at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
20 (a) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
(b) at least one benzimidazole fungicide;
(c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
25 In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
13
(b) at least one a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
(c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the term solid formulation meant for direct use includes the class
of solid formulations that is meant for direct use 5 as defined by FAO
(http://www.fao.org/3/a-y4353e.pdf, page 72). These formulations are typically in
solid form, which are applied in dry form using machines. These are solid
formulations applied directly in field without dissolution or dispersion into solvents.
Thus, in an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a dustable
10 powder (DP), microgranules (MG), wettable granules (WG), powder for dry seed
treatment (DS), granules (GR), or a tablet for direct dispersion (DT).
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a granular
formulation (GR).
In an embodiment said dithiocarbamate fungicide is selected from group comprising
15 amobam, asomate, azithiram, carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam,
metam, nabam, tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet etem, milneb, mancopper,
mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate, propineb and zineb.
In an embodiment said dithiocarbamate fungicide is Zineb.
In another embodiment said dithiocarbamate fungicide is mancozeb.
20 In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise at least
another fungicide.
In an embodiment, another fungicide is selected from the group comprising a
triazole, a strobilurin, a succinate dehydrigenase inhibitor (SDHI), a benzimidazole
fungicide or benzimidazole precursor or a benzimidazolyl carbamate fungicide, or a
25 copper fungicide.
In one embodiment, another fungicide is a triazole compound.
14
In an embodiment the triazole is selected from group of azaconazole, bitertanol,
bromuconazole, cyproconazole, difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole,
etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole,
imibenconazole, Ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole,
Propiconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, 5 triadimenol,
triticonazole, or prothioconazole.
In another embodiment another fungicide is strobilurin compound.
In another embodiment, the strobilurin fungicide is selected from the group
consisting of azoxystrobin, mandestrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin,
10 flufenoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, enestrobin, fluoxastrobin,
kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyrametostrobin,
triclopyricarb, fenaminstrobin, pyraclostrobin or trifloxystrobin.
In another embodiment another fungicide is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
(SDHI).
15 In an embodiment, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor is selected from pyrazole
carboxamide class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides. However, it
should be understood that the choice of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors is not
understood to be limited to these pyrazole carboxamide fungicides alone.
In an embodiment, the pyrazole carboxamide class of succinate dehydrogenase
20 inhibitor fungicide may be selected from benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad,
furametpyr, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, 3-difluoromethyl-N- (7- fluoro-l,
1, 3-trimethyl-4- indanyl)-l-methyl-4- pyrazolecarboxamide and sedaxane.
In an embodiment, the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide may be selected
from the group consisting of benodanil, flutolanil, mepronil, isofetamid, fluopyram,
25 fenfuram, carboxin, oxycarboxin, thifluzamide, pydiflumetofen; isofetamid and
boscalid.
In another embodiment another fungicide is a benzimidazole.
15
In an embodiment another fungicide is benzimidazole selected from benomyl,
carbendazim (MBC), thiophanate-methyl, fuberidazole and thiabendazole and
fuberidazole, albendazole,.
In another embodiment another fungicide is a benzimidazole precursor fungicide.
In another embodiment another fungicide is a carbamate 5 fungicide.
In an embodiment benzimidazole precursor fungicide is selected furophanate,
thiophanate or thiophanate -methyl.
In another embodiment another fungicide is a copper fungicide which can be copper
sulphate.
10 In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention may further comprise
additional fungicides in the combinations of the present invention selected from
nucleic acids synthesis inhibitors, cytoskeleton and motor protein inhibitors, amino
acids and protein synthesis inhibitors, respiration process inhibitors, signal
transduction inhibitors, lipid synthesis and membrane integrity distruptors, sterol
15 biosynthesis inhibitors, melanin synthesis inhibitors, cell wall biosynthesis
inhibitors, host plant defence inductors and/or fungicides with unknown modes of
action.
Thus, in an embodiment, the nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor fungicides may be
selected from acylalanines such as benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), furalaxyl,
20 metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), oxazolidinones such as oxadixyl,
butyrolactones such as ofurace, hydroxy-(2-amino-) pyrimidines such as bupirimate,
dimethirimol, ethirimol, isoxazoles such as hymexazole, isothiazolones such as
octhilinone, carboxylic acids such as oxolinic acid.
In an embodiment, the cytoskeleton and motor protein inhibitors may be
25 benzimidazoles such as benomyl, carbendazim, cypendazole, debacarb and
mecarbinzid.fuberidazole, thiabendazole; thiophanates such as thiophanate,
thiophanate -methyl; N-phenyl carbamates such as diethofencarb; toluamides such
as zoxamide; thiazole carboxamides such as ethaboxam; phenylureas such as
pencycuron, benzamides such as fluopicolide; cyanoacrylates such as phenamacril.
16
In an embodiment, the respiration process inhibitor fungicides may be selected from
pyrimidinamines such diflumetorim; pyrazole-5-carboxamides such as tolfenpyrad,
strobilurins such as azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin,
triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobin, fenaminostrobin, 5 metominostrobin,
trifloxystrobin, famoxadone, fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, pyribencarb and mixtures
thereof; oxazolidine-diones such as famoxadone; Imidazolinones such as
fenamidone; benzyl- carbamates such as pyribencarb; N-methoxy-(phenyl-ethyl)-
pyrazole-carboxamides such as Pyrimidinamines such as diflumetorim; cyano10
imidazole such as cyazofamid; sulfamoyl-triazole such as amisulbrom; dinitrophenyl
crotonates such as binapacryl, meptyldinocap, dinocap; 2,6-dinitro-anilines such as
fluazinam; pyr.-hydrazones such as ferimzone; tri-phenyl tin compounds such as
fentin acetate, fentin chloride, fentin hydroxide; thiophene-carboxamides such as
silthiofam; triazolo-pyrimidylamine such as ametoctradin. In an embodiment, amino
15 acids and protein synthesis inhibitor fungicides may be selected from anilinopyrimidines
such as cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, antibiotic fungicides
such as blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline and the like.
In an embodiment, signal transduction inhibitor fungicides may be selected from
aryloxyquinolines such as quinoxyfen; quinazolinones such as proquinazid;
20 phenylpyrroles such as fenpiclonil, fludioxonil; dicarboximides such as chlozolinate,
dimethachlone, iprodione, procymidone and vinclozolin.
In an embodiment, the fungicide may be selected from lipid synthesis and membrane
integrity distruptors such as phosphoro-thiolates such as edifenphos Iprobenfos,
pyrazophos; dithiolanes such as isoprothiolane; aromatic hydrocarbons such as
25 biphenyl, chloroneb, dicloran, quintozene (PCNB), tecnazene (TCNB), tolclofosmethyl
and the like; 1,2,4-thiadiazoles such as etridiazole; carbamates such as
iodocarb, propamocarb, prothiocarb and the like.
Thus in an embodiment, the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors may be selected from
triazoles such as azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
30 difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole,
17
fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, Ipconazole,
metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, Propiconazole, simeconazole,
tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole,
prothioconazole, piperazines such as triforine; pyridines such as pyrifenox,
pyrisoxazole; pyrimidines such as fenarimol, nuarimol imidazoles 5 such as imazalil,
oxpoconazole, pefurazoate, prochloraz, triflumizole; morpholines such as aldimorph,
dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph and the like; piperidines such as
fenpropidin, piperalin; spiroketal-amines such as spiroxamine; hydroxyanilides such
as fenhexamid; amino-pyrazolinones such as fenpyrazamine; thiocarbamates such as
10 pyributicarb; allylamines such as naftifme, terbinafine and mixtrues thereof. In an
embodiment, cell wall biosynthesis inhibitor fungicides may be selected from
peptidyl pyrimidine nucleoside fungicides such as polyoxin, cinnamic acid amides
such as dimethomorph, flumorph, pyrimorph; valinamide carbamates such as
benthiavalicarb, iprovalicarb, valifenalate; mandelic acid amides such as
15 mandipropamid and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, melanin synthesis inhibitor fungicide may be selected from
isobenzo- furanone such as fthalide; pyrrolo-quinolinones such as pyroquilon;
triazolobenzo- thiazoles such as tricyclazole; cyclopropane -carboxamides such as
carpropamid; carboxamides such as diclocymet; propionamides such as fenoxanil;
20 trifluoroethyl- carbamates such as tolprocarb; and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, host plant defence inductors fungicides may be selected from
benzo- thiadiazoles such as acibenzolar-S-methyl; benzisothiazoles such as
probenazole; thiadiazole-carboxamides such as tiadinil, isotianil; polysaccharides
such as laminarin; and mixtures thereof.
25 In an embodiment, the additional fungicide is a fungicide with unknown mode of
action and may be selected from cyanoacetamide-oximes such as cymoxanil; ethyl
phosphonates such as foestyl -Al, phophorous acid and salts; phthalamic acids such
as teclofthalam; benzotriazines such as triazoxide; benzene-sulphonamides such as
flusulfamide; pyridazinones such as diclomezine; thiocarbamates such as
30 methasulfocarb; phenyl-acetamides such as cyflufenamid; aryl-phenyl-ketones such
18
as metrafenone, pyriofenone; guanidines such as dodine; cyano-methylenethiazolidines
such as flutianil; pyrimidinone-hydrazones such as ferimzone;
piperidinyl-thiazole-isoxazolines such as oxathiapiprolin; 4-quinolyl-acetates such
as tebufloquin; tetrazolyloximes such as picarbutrazox; glucopyranosyl antibiotics
such as validamycin; fungicides such as mineral oil, organic 5 oils, potassium
bicarbonate and mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
(b) at least one triazole fungicide; and
10 at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; wherein said composition is a solid
forumaltion meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) at least one dithiocarbamate;
(b) at least one benzimidazole fungicide
15 (c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) mancozeb;
(b) at least one benzimidazole fungicide
20 (c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient; wherein said composition is a
solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
(b) at least one thiophanate fungicide and
25 (c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
19
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) mancozeb;
(b) at least one a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide;
(c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant 5 for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) zineb;
(b) tebuconazole and
(c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
10 wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use in the granular
form.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) at least one dithiocarbamate fungicide;
(b) carbendazim; and
15 (c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use in the granular
form.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a composition comprising:
(a) Mancozeb;
20 (b) thiophanate -methyl; and
(c) at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient;
wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use in the granular
form.
In an embodiment the present invention relates to, a solid formulation meant for
25 direct use, said formulation comprising a combination of at least one
20
dithiocarbamate fungicide and at least one second fungicide selected from a group
comprising a triazole, a strobilurin, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), a
benzimidazole or benzimidazole precursor or a benzimidazole carbamate fungicide,
wherein said formulation is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the dithiocarbamate fungicide and the second 5 fungicide are
present in a synergistic ratio.
In an embodiment the present invention relates to a synergistic solid formulation
meant for direct use, said composition comprising combination of zineb and
tebuconazole.
10 In an embodiment, zineb and tebuconazole may be present in a synergistic ratio of
4:1.
In an embodiment the present invention relates to a synergistic solid formulation
meant for direct use, said composition comprising combination of mancozeb and
thiophanate -methyl.
15 In an embodiment, mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl may be present in a
synergistic ratio of 2:1.
In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of Zineb and fungicidally effective amount of tebuconazole, wherein said
composition is synergistic when presented as a solid formulation meant for direct
20 use.
In an embodiment the present invention relates to a synergistic solid formulation
meant for direct use comprising combination of at least one dithiocarbamate
fungicide and at least one benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate
fungicide wherein said benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate
25 fungicide and dithiocarbamate fungicide are present in a synergistic ratio of about
1.92:10.08.
In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of mancozeb and fungicidally effective amount of cabendazim, wherein said
21
composition is synergistic when presented as a solid formulation meant for direct
use.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of mancozeb” includes mancozeb being
present in an amount of about 10.08% by weight of the composition.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of carbendazim includes 5 carbendazim being
present in an amount of about 1.92% by weight of the composition.
In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of mancozeb and fungicidally effective amount of cabendazim, wherein mancozeb
and carbendazim are present in a synergistic ratio of about 10.08:1.92.
10 In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of mancozeb and fungicidally effective amount of cabendazim, wherein mancozeb
and carbendazim are present in a synergistic ratio of about 10.08:1.92.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of Zineb” includes zineb being present in
an amount of about 57% by weight of the composition.
15 The term “fungicidally effective amount of tebuconazole” includes tebuconazole
being present in an amount of about 15% by weight of the composition.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of mancozeb” includes mancozeb being
present in an amount of about 50% by weight of the composition.
The term “fungicidally effective amount of thiophanate-methyl includes
20 thiophanate-methyl being present in an amount of about 25% by weight of the
composition.
In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of zineb and fungicidally effective amount of tebuconazole, wherein zineb and
tebuconazole are present in a synergistic ratio of about 4: 1.
25 In another embodiment the composition comprises a fungicidally effective amount
of mancozeb and fungicidally effective amount of thiophanate-methyl, wherein
mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl are present in a synergistic ratio of about 2:1.
22
In an embodiment, these compositions are in the form of a solid composition meant
for direct use.
Preferably however, the specific amounts of mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl
present within the compositions of the present invention is not particularly limiting
as long as the ratio of about 2:1 is maintained. This preferred ratio 5 is meant to be
particularly preferred, although other ratios are not excluded.
Preferably however, the specific amounts of zineb and tebuconazole present within
the compositions of the present invention is not particularly limiting as long as the
ratio of about 4:1 is maintained. This preferred ratio is meant to be particularly
10 preferred, although other ratios are not excluded.
In an exemplary embodiment, which is not to be construed as limiting, mancozeb is
present in an amount of about 50% by weight of the composition and thiophanatemethyl
is present in an amount of about 25% by weight of the composition.
Preferably however, the specific amounts of mancozeb and carbendazim present
15 within the compositions of the present invention is not particularly limiting as long
as the ratio of about 10.08:1.92 is maintained. This preferred ratio is meant to be
particularly preferred, although other ratios are not excluded.
In an exemplary embodiment, which is not to be construed as limiting, mancozeb is
present in an amount of about 10.08% by weight of the composition and
20 carbendazim is present in an amount of about 1.92% by weight of the composition.
In an exemplary embodiment, which is not to be construed as limiting, zineb is
present in an amount of about 57% by weight of the composition and tebuconazole
is present in an amount of about 15% by weight of the composition.
In an embodiment the present invention provides a synergistic composition
25 comprising zineb and tebuconazole characterized in that the composition is
formulated as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In an embodiment the present invention provides a synergistic composition
comprising mancozeb and thiophanate-methyl characterized in that the composition
is formulated as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
23
In an embodiment the present invention provides a synergistic composition
comprising carbendazim and mancozeb characterized in that the composition is
formulated as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In yet another embodiment, the invention provides water dispersible granular
formulation comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and copper salt 5 for plant disease
control and method of controlling plant disease using said composition.
According to an aspect the present invention there is provided a water dispersible
granular formulation comprising mancozeb and a copper fungicide, which exhibits
excellent effects of controlling crop diseases, particularly downy mildew, powdery
10 mildew and anthracnose in grapes.
Therefore, the present invention provides a composition comprising mancozeb and a
copper fungicide, wherein mancozeb and copper fungicide are present in a ratio of
about 1:1.5.
In an embodiment, the copper fungicide may be selected from copper oxychloride,
15 copper sulfate, copper hydroxide and tribasic copper sulfate (Bordeaux mixture).
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
mancozeb in an amount of about 25-35% and a copper fungicide in an amount of
about 40-50% by weight of the composition.
In an embodiment the fungicide composition comprising mancozeb in an amount of
20 about 30% by weight of the formulation and copper sulphate in an amount of about
47.15% by weight of the formulation.
It has been surprisingly found that (a) the combination of mancozeb and copper
fungicide elicited faster fungicidal activity than either fungicide alone; (b) the
combination of mancozeb and copper fungicide resulted in greater increase in the
25 fungicidal activity than the additive effects of mancozeb and copper sulphate alone;
and (c) combining lipid metabolism disruptor mancozeb with signal transduction
inhibitor copper fungicides led to a greater than additive fungicidal activity, which is
an evidence of synergistic fungicidal potentiation.
24
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition comprising
mancozeb and a copper fungicide for controlling the disease downy mildew
(Plasmoporaviticola), powdery mildew (Uncinulanecator) and anthracnose
(Sphaceloniaamplelinium).
In another aspect the present invention provides a fungicide composition 5 comprising
mancozeb and a copper fungicide and at least one agriculturally acceptable carrier/
agriculturally acceptable excipient.
In an embodiment, the wettable granular formulation of each or any aspect or
embodiment described hereinabove comprises at least one carrier selected from at
10 least one wetting agent, at least one antifoam, at least one stabilizing agent, at least
one pH modifier, at least one surfactant and combinations thereof. The formulation
content of these carriers is not particularly limiting and may be determined by a
skilled technician in the art according to the conventional protocols.
In one embodiment, the formulation may contain ionic and nonionic dispersing
15 agents to enable disintegration of granules in water with ease, such as salts of
polystyrenesulphonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids, salts of
naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of
naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, and salts of
lignosulphonic acid, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers,
20 polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with
ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone
and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl
ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates. The preferred dispersing agents include
25 sodium naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, polyethyleneglycol mono-
[2,4,6-tris (1-phenylethyl] phenyl ether or a combination thereof.
In one embodiment, the formulation may contain stabilizers. Such stabilizers may
include carboxylic acids, such as citric acid and butenedioic acid or inorganic
components such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and sodium
30 dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate which may also act as a pH modifier.
25
In a preferred embodiment, the formulation of the present invention comprises a
wetting component comprising a wetting blend selected from an alkali metal salt of
alkylnaphthalenesulfonate or an alkali metal salt of dioctylsulphosuccinate or a
combination thereof.
In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention comprise 5 at least one
antifoaming agent which are usually employed for this purpose in agrochemical
compositions. In an embodiment, the preferred antifoaming agents are selected from
silicone oil and magnesium stearate or a suitable combination thereof.
In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention comprise at least one
10 pH modifier selected from organic and inorganic components that are usually
employed in agrochemical compositions to modify the pH. In a non-limiting
embodiment, the pH modifier may be selected from potassium carbonate, potassium
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. However, the
choice of a pH modifier is not particularly limiting.
15 In an embodiment, the formulations of the present invention comprise at least one
further surfactant selected from salts of polystyrenesulphonic acids; salts of
polyvinylsulphonic acids; salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde
condensates; salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic
acid and formaldehyde; salts of lignosulphonic acid; polyethylene
20 oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers; polyethylene glycol ethers of linear
alcohols; reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and/or propylene
oxide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol
and polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic
esters; and alkyl ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates.
25 The fungicidal combination of the present invention is preferably formulated as a
solid formulation including, but not limited to, dust, powder, granules, pellets,
tablets, wettable granules (WG), microgranules (MG), dry flowable, wettable
powder or water dispersible granules (wettable granules).
26
The fungicidal combination of the present invention is preferably formulated as a
water dispersible granule (wettable granules).
In an embodiment, the formulation of the present invention is a wettable granular
formulation, wherein the active ingredients are combined with various carriers.
Therefore, in this aspect, the present invention provides a 5 wettable granular
formulation comprising mancozeb in an amount of about 30% w/w by total weight
of the formulation and copper sulphate in an amount of about 47% w/w by total
weight of the formulation. These carriers may be organic or inorganic material
which may be combined with the active ingredients so as to facilitate better
10 spreadability as well as enable better contact with the target fungi. These carriers
must be agriculturally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Carriers may
include such dispersing agents, stabilizers, antifoaming agents, pH modifiers,
surfactants, and other fillers which may be added in into a stable formulation.
However, the present inventors found that the preparation of a granular formulation
15 comprising mancozeb and copper sulphate in a predetermined weight percentage is
not straightforward and is plagued by many problems. A wettable granular
formulation comprising mancozeb and copper sulphate wherein the formulation
displays superior antifungal properties is provided.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
20 locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
mancozeb and a copper fungicide.
The formulation of the present invention maintains or increases the fungicidal
activity of mancozeb and is more persistent in the field.
In an embodiment, the composition comprising mancozeb and a copper fungicide
25 are particularly useful for controlling of Downy Mildew (Plasmoporaviticola),
powdery mildew (Uncinulanecator) and anthracnose (Sphaceloniaamplelinium) in
Grape crop.
In another aspect the present invention provides a process for preparation of
synergistic composition of present invention.
27
The process for preparation of synergistic composition comprising:
(a) dry milling a copper fungicide, optionally in the presence of mancozeb or at
least one agrochemically acceptable carrier;
(b) blending fungicidally effective amounts of pre-milled copper fungicide and
mancozeb 5 with water;
(c) spray drying the resultant slurry at predetermined inlet and outlet
temperatures of the dryer to obtain dried granules.
The formulation described above is a fungicidally efficacious and stable
formulation.
10 The term “wet milling” as used herein is intended to mean the grinding of materials
with a sufficient quantity of a liquid to form a slurry. The process of wet milling and
apparatus therefore are conventionally known in the art and do not form a critical
feature of the present invention.
The process step of “spray drying” is conventionally known in the art. The
15 conventional process for spray drying generally involves concentrating the input
slurry, atomization of the slurry, droplet-hot gas contacting, evaporative drying of
the droplets and separation of the spray dried granules. It was found that the spraydried
product according to the present invention possessed improved flow
properties, better distribution of the active ingredients within the granules and
20 required less dispersing agent(s) than the wet bead milled formulation.
The formulation described above is a fungicidally efficacious and stable
formulation. Also, the granules obtained by the process have superior attrition
resistance, disperses rapidly in water and have good suspensibility in water once it is
dispersed.
25 The formulation also demonstrates reduced toxicity, reduced use rates, lesser
damage to the environment, as well as reduction in dust hazard.
28
In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of treating a fungal
infestation at a locus by treating said locus with a composition comprising mancozeb
and a copper fungicide.
In an embodiment, the method comprises treating a fungal infection at a locus by
treating the locus with a composition comprising mancozeb and a 5 copper fungicide.
In another aspect, the compositions of the present invention may be presented in the
form of a multi-pack fungicidal product or as a kit-of-parts for fungicidal treatment
of plants.
In an embodiment the dry flowable or water degradable granules of the present
10 invention may be packaged as a kit of parts, wherein, the pre-formulated granules,
which may be readily mixed with water, or in an embodiment, the kit of parts may
contain such components such as a vial, bottle, can, pouch, bag or canister.
The present invention provides a kit-of-parts for fungicidal treatment of plants, its
habitat, a crop field, the soil or any material thereabout, said kit-of-parts comprising:
15 fungicidally effective amount, about 30% of mancozeb and about 47 % of copper
sulphate and an instruction manual comprising instructions for using and treating the
plants, its habitat, a crop field, the soil or any material thereabout with said
composition.
The formulations of the present invention display an improved and extended fungal
20 control, reduced fungicide application rates and costs, shorter contact times for
improved results, less stringent use restrictions, improved selectivity, improved
spectrum of fungi controlled, reduced costs, and reduced residue problems.
Advantages of one or more embodiments of the present invention:
1. The present invention provides a combination of manozeb and a copper
25 fungicide at a synergistic amount.
2. The compositions according to the present invention possess an improved
dispersibility and suspensibility.
29
3. The compositions of the present invention display an improved and extended
fungal control, reduced fungicide application rates and costs, less stringent
use restrictions, improved selectivity, improved spectrum of fungi controlled,
reduced costs, and reduced residue problems.
4. The water dispersible granular composition of mancozeb 5 and a copper
fungicide according to the invention possess superior attrition resistance
without compromising on rapid dispersibility of the formulation and exhibits
good suspensivity in water on being dispersed.
The compositions according to the present invention are effective for the following
10 plant diseases:
Disease in rice: Blast (Pyricularia Oryzae), Helminthosporium leaf spot
(Cochliobolus miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) , and bakanae disease
(Gibberella fujikuroi).
15 Diseases in wheat: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis) , Fusariuin head blight
(Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) , rust
(Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. recondita) , pink snow mold (Micronectriella
nivale), Typhula snow blight (Typhula sp . ) , loose smut (Ustilago tritici) , bunt
(Tilletia caries) , eyespot (Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides) , leaf blotch 3h,
20 (Mycosphaerella graminicola) , glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum) , septoria,
and yellow spot (Pyrenophora tritici-repentis).
Diseases of barley: powdery mildew (Erysiphe graminis), Fusarium head blight
(Fusarium graminearum, F. avenacerum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale), rust -
(Puccinia striiformis, P. graminis, P. hordei) , loose smut (Ustilago nuda) , scald
25 (Rhynchosporium secalis) , net blotch (Pyrenophora teres), spot blotch
(Cochliobolus sativus), leaf stripe (Pyrenophora graminea) , and Rhizoctonia
damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases in corn: smut (Ustilago maydis), brown spot (Cochliobolus
heterostrophus), copper spot (Gloeocercospora sorghi), southern rust (Puccinia
30
polysora), gray leaf spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis), white spot (Phaeosphaeria
mydis and/or Pantoea ananatis) and Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of citrus: melanose (Diaporthe citri), scab (Elsinoe fawcetti), penicillium
rot (Penicillium digitatum, P.italicum), and brown rot (Phytophthora parasitica,
Phytophthora 5 citrophthora) .
Diseases of apple: blossom blight (Monilinia mali), canker (Valsa ceratosperma),
powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha), Alternaria leaf spot (Alternaria alternata
apple pathotype), scab (Venturia inaequalis), powdery mildew, bitter rot
(Colletotrichum acutatum), crown rot (Phytophtora cactorum), blotch (Diplocarpon
10 mali), and ring rot (Botryosphaeria berengeriana).
Diseases of pear: scab (Venturia nashicola, V. pirina), powdery mildew, black spot
(Alternaria alternata Japanese pear pathotype), rust (Gymnosporangium 3h,
haraeanum), and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophtora cactorum).
Diseases of peach: brown rot (Monilinia fructicola), powdery mildew, scab
15 (Cladosporium carpophilum), and phomopsis rot (Phomopsis sp.).
Diseases of grape: anthracnose (Elsinoe ampelina), ripe rot (Glomerella cingulata),
powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), rust (Phakopsora ampelopsidis), black rot
(Guignardia bidwellii), botrytis, and downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
Diseases of Japanese persimmon: anthracnose (Gloeosporium kaki), and leaf spot
20 (Cercospora kaki, Mycosphaerella nawae).
Diseases of gourd: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lagenarium), powdery mildew
(Sphaerotheca fuliginea), gummy stem blight (Mycosphaerella melonis), Fusarium
wilt (Fusarium oxysporum), downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) tA
Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora sp.), and damping-off (Pythium sp .).
25 Diseases of tomato: early blight (Alternaria solani), leaf mold (Cladosporium
fulvum), and late blight (Phytophthora infestans).
Diseases of eggplant: brown spot (Phomopsis vexans), and powdery mildew 3
(Erysiphe cichoracearum) Diseases of cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot
31
(Alternaria japonica), white spot (Cercosporella brassicae), clubroot
(Plasmodiophora brassicae), and downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica).
Diseases of onion: rust (Puccinia allii), and downy mildew (Peronospora destructor).
Diseases of soybean: purple seed stain (Cercospora kikchii), sphaceloma scad
(Elsinoe glycines) , pod and stem blight (Diaporthe phaseolorum var. 5 sojae), septoria
brown spot (Septoria glycines), frogeye leaf spot (Cercospora sojina), rust
(Phakopsora pachyrhizi) , Yellow rust, brown stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), and -
Rhizoctonia damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani).
Diseases of kidney bean: anthracnose (Colletotrichum lindemthianum). Diseases of
10 peanut: leaf spot (Cercospora personata), brown leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola)
and southern blight (Sclerotium rolfsii).
Diseases of garden pea: powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi), and root rot (Fusarium
solani f. sp. pisi).
Diseases of potato: early blight (Alternaria solani), late blight (Phytophthora tA
15 infestans), pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica), and powdery scab (Spongospora
subterranean f. sp. subterranea).
Diseases of strawberry: powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca humuli), and anthracnose
(Glomerella cingulata).
Diseases of tea: net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), white scab (Elsinoe 3
20 leucospila), gray blight (Pestalotiopsis sp.), and anthracnose (Colletotrichumtheae
sinensis).
Diseases of tobacco: brown spot (Alternaria longipes), powdery mildew (Erysiphe
cichoracearum), anthracnose (Colletotrichum tabacum), downy mildew 4h,
(Peronospora tabacina), and black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae).
25 Diseases of rapeseed: sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), and Rhizoctonia
damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani). Diseases of cotton: Rhizoctonia damping-off
(Rhizoctonia solani).
32
Diseases of sugar beat: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola) , leaf blight
(Thanatephorus cucumeris), Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Aphanomyces
root rot (Aphanomyces cochlioides).
Diseases of rose: black spot (Diplocarpon rosae) , powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca
pannosa) , and downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa) . Diseases 5 of chrysanthemum
and asteraceous plants: downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), leaf blight (Septoria
chrysanthemi-indici) , and white rust (Puccinia horiana).
A Diseases of various groups: diseases caused by Pythium spp. (Pythium
aphanidermatum, Pythium debarianum, Pythium graminicola, Pythium irregulare,
10 Pythium ultimum), gray mold. (Botrytis cinerea), and Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum).
Disease of Japanese radish: Alternaria leaf spot(Alternaria brassicicola).
Diseases of turfgrass: dollar spot (Sclerotinia homeocarpa), and brown patch and
large patch (Rhizoctonia solani).
15 Disease of banana: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella fijiensis), Yellow sigatoka 4h,
(Mycosphaerella musicola).
Disease of sunflower: downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii).
Seed diseases or diseases in the early stages of the growth of various plants caused -
by Aspergillus spp., Penicillium spp., Fusarium spp., Gibberella spp., Tricoderma
20 spp., Thielaviopsis spp., Rhizopus spp., Mucor spp., Corticium spp., Phoma spp.,
Rhizoctonia spp. and Diplodia spp.
Viral diseases of various plants mediated by Polymixa spp. or Olpidium spp. and so
on.
In an embodiment the solid formulation comprising a combination of mancozeb and
25 carbendazim in a synergistic ratio is provided for controlling disease in rice
preferably Blast (Pyricularia Oryzae), Helminthosporium leaf spot (Cochliobolus
miyabeanus), sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) , and bakanae disease (Gibberella
fujikuroi).
33
In an embodiment the solid formulation of the present invention is provided for
controlling plant diseases selected from Blast (Pyricularia Oryzae) and sheath
blight (Rhizoctonia solani).
In another embodiment the solid formulation of the present invention is provided for
controlling Blast (Pyricularia 5 Oryzae).
In another embodiment the solid formulation of the present invention is provided for
controlling sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani).
The compositions of the present invention can be used in agricultural lands such as
fields, paddy fields, lawns and orchards or in non-agricultural lands. The present
10 invention may be used to control diseases in agricultural lands for cultivating the
plants without any phytotoxicity to the plant.
The compositions of the present invention did not show any sign or symptoms of
any phytotoxicity and proved safe at different growth stages of plants.
Examples of the crops on which the present compositions can be used include but
15 are not limited to corn, rice, wheat, barley, rye, oat, sorghum, cotton, soybean,
peanut, buckwheat, beet, rapeseed, sunflower, sugar cane, tobacco, groundnut, chilli
etc.; vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper,
A potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water
melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip,
20 horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower,
etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc,
liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous
vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables
such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens,
25 mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc.,
flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc,
stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, - nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit,
apricot, prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts
such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia
34
nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape,
kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc., trees other than
fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood,
Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar
formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, 5 hemlock, juniper,
Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.
In most preferred embodiment, the present invention relates to a solid formulation
meant for direct use comprising Carbendazim and Mancozeb that enables not only a
simultaneous reduction of fungal diseases in the crop plant, grain, fruits and
10 vegetable field and but also enhancing the crop yield.
In an embodiment, the composition further comprises filler selected from a group
consisting of silica, kaoline, and clay.
In an embodiment, the composition further comprises stabilizing dye for example
Stabmet XE Blue (SXB), a stabilized copper phthalocyanine pigment.
15 The compositions of the present invention further comprise an agriculturally
acceptable carriers or excipient or adjuvants. These adjuvants may be organic or
inorganic material which may be combined with the active ingredients so as to
facilitate better spreadability as well as enable better contact with the target fungi.
These carriers are agriculturally acceptable and environmentally friendly. Adjuvants
20 may include such dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, pH modifiers, surfactants,
stabilizers and other fillers which may be added into a composition.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the agrochemical composition may
further comprise one or more agriculturally acceptable carriers selected from
antifreeze agent, wetting agents, fillers, surfactants, anticaking agents, pH-regulating
25 agents, preservatives, biocides, antifoaming agents, colorants and other formulation
aids.
The composition content of these carriers is not particularly limiting and may be
determined by a skilled technician in the art according to the conventional protocols.
35
In one embodiment, the composition may contain ionic and nonionic dispersing
agents to enable disintegration of granules in water with ease, such as salts of
polystyrene sulphonic acids, salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids, salts of
naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates, salts of condensates of
naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and formaldehyde, 5 and salts of
lignosulphonic acid, polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers,
polyethylene glycol ethers of linear alcohols, reaction products of fatty acids with
ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide, furthermore polyvinyl alcohol,
polyvinylpyrrolidone, copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone
10 and copolymers of (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, furthermore alkyl
ethoxylates and alkylarylethoxylates. The preferred dispersing agents include
sodium naphthalene sulfonate-formaldehyde condensate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate
or a combination thereof. The dispersing agent is present in an amount of 2-20%
w/w.
15 In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise at least one
wetting agent selected from soaps; salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid
including but not limited to sodium lauryl sulphate; sulfoalkylamides and salts
thereof including but not limited to N-methyl-N-oleoyltaurate Na salt;
alkylarylsulfonates including but not limited to alkylbenzenesulfonates;
20 alkylnaphthalenesulfonates and salts thereof and salts of ligninsulfonic acid. In an
embodiment, the wetting agent includes a blend comprising an alkali metal salt of
alkylnaphthalenesulfonate or an alkali metal salt of ligninsulfonic acid or a
combination thereof. The wetting agent is present in an amount of 0.1 to 10% w/w.
In a preferred embodiment, the composition of the present invention comprises a
25 wetting component comprising a wetting blend selected from an alkali metal salt of
alkylnaphthalenesulfonate or an alkali metal salt of ligninsulfonic acid or a
combination thereof.
In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise at least one
pH modifier selected from organic and inorganic components that are usually
30 employed in agrochemical compositions to modify the pH. In a non-limiting
36
embodiment, the pH modifier may be selected from potassium carbonate, potassium
hydroxide, sodium hydroxide and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. However, the
choice of a pH modifier is not particularly limiting. The pH modifier is present in an
amount of 0.1-2.0% w/w.
In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise 5 at least one
further antifoams and defoamers based on silicone, particularly preferred are
polysiloxanes or alkali polysiloxane.
The antifoams/defoamers are added in an amount from about 0.01% to about 2%
w/w, preferably from about 0.1% to about 1.5% w/w of total weight of the
10 agrochemical composition.
In an embodiment, the compositions of the present invention comprise at least one
surfactant selected from salts of polystyrenesulphonic acids; salts of
polyvinylsulphonic acids; salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde
condensates; salts of condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic
15 acid and formaldehyde; salts of lignosulphonic acid such as the group comprising
alkyl and aryl sulfates and sulfonates, including sodium lignosulphonate;
polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers; polyethylene glycol
ethers of linear alcohols; reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene oxide and/or
propylene oxide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of polyvinyl
20 alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of (meth)acrylic acidalky] sulfates,
sodium mono- and (meth)acrylic esters;di-alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, sodium
alpha-olefin sulfonate, lignin and alkyl ethoxylates its derivatives (such as
lignosulfonate salts), sodium alkane sulfonates, polyoxyalkyene alkylether sulfate,
polyoxyalkylene alkylaiyl ether sulfates, polyoxy-alkylene styrylphenyl ether
25 sulfate, mono- and alkylarylethoxylates. . The di- alkylbenzene sulfonates,
alkylnaphthalene sulfonate, alkylnaphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensate,
alkyl diphenylether sulfonates, olefme sulfonates, alkylphosphates, polyoxyalkylene
alkyl phosphates, polyoxyalkylene phenylether phosphate, polyoxyalkylphenol
phosphates, poly-carboxylates, fatty acids and salts thereof, alkyl glycinates,
30 sulfonated methyl esters, sulfonated fatty acids, sulfosuccinates and their
37
derivatives, acyl glutamates, acyl sarcosinates, alkyl sulfoacetates, acylated peptides,
alkyl ether carboxylates, acyl lactylates, anionic fluorosurfactants, amid ether
sulfates, N-methyl fatty acid taurides, mixtures thereof and the like, including
sodium, potassium, ammonium and amine salts, etc. or mixtures thereof.
In an embodiment the surfactant is present in an amount of 0.1 5 to 25% w/w. of the
total weight of the agrochemical composition.
In another aspect the present invention provides a process for preparation of
synergistic composition of present invention.
The process comprises the steps of : 1) Mixing all the ingredients in required
10 quantity in a blender to have Pre-blended mixture in the form of homogenous
powder; 2) Micronize/grind the preblended mixture through a suitable micronizer.
This micronized material is later post-mixed to have homogenous powder; 3)
Admixing water, with the post- mixed mixture, to obtain the homogenous wet
dough; 4) granulating the dough to obtain granules and 5) drying and sieving the
15 granules through desired sieves and 6) packing the dried granules.
The formulation described above is a fungicidally efficacious and stable
formulation.
In an embodiment, the combination product of “Carbendazim, Mancozeb” and
“Tebuconazole, Zineb” is found effective in controlling the fungal diseases in paddy,
20 wheat, black gram, chilli, and tomato. The commonly observed fungal diseases in
these crops are sheath blight, sheath rot, brown spot of rice, blast of rice, root rot,
leaf rust, stem rust, alternaria leaf blight, cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew,
corynespora leaf spot, rust, anthracnose, cercospora leaf spot, alternaria leaf spot, die
back of chilli, anthracnose, powdery mildew, septoria leaf blight, anthracnose, early
25 blight, late blight, fusarium wilt which are successfully controlled by the
combination product of “Tebuconazole, Zineb”. The invention disclosed in this
specification is not limited to these crops and diseases but can also extended to the
crops or diseases known to the person skilled in the art.
38
In an embodiment, the combination product of “Thiophanate methyl, Mancozeb” is
found effective in controlling the fungal diseases in paddy, wheat, black gram, chilli,
and tomato. The commonly observed fungal diseases in these crops are sheath
blight, sheath rot, brown spot of rice, blast of rice, root rot, leaf rust, stem rust,
alternarial leaf blight, cercospora leaf spot, powdery mildew, corynespora 5 leaf spot,
rust, anthracnose, cercospora leaf spot, alternaria leaf spot, die back of chilli,
anthracnose, powdery mildew, septoria leaf blight, anthracnose, early blight, late
blight, fusarium wilt which are successfully controlled by the combination product
of “Thiophanate methyl, Mancozeb and Carbendazim, Mancozeb”. The invention
10 disclosed in this specification is not limited to these crops and diseases but can also
extended to the crops or diseases known to the person skilled in the art.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and,tebuconazole,
15 wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a benzimidazole fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide wherein said composition is a solid formulation
20 meant for direct use.
In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of zineb and tebuconazole, wherein said composition
is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
25 In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of mancozeb and carbendazim in a solid formulation
meant for direct use.
39
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and thiophanate
methyl, wherein said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a method for controlling 5 fungi at a
locus, said method comprising treating the locus with a composition comprising
fungicidally effective amount of Mancozeb and thiophanate methyl, wherein said
composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
In another aspect the present invention provides a kit comprising a dithiocarbamate
10 fungicide component and a second fungicide component comprising one of a
triazole compound, or a strobilurin fungicide, or a benzimidazole fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide, wherein the kit comprises at least one
component at least one of these fungicides as a solid formulation meant for direct
use.
15 In another aspect the present invention provides a kit comprising a fungicide
composition comprising of a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole
fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide, wherein the kit comprises at least
one component comprising these fungicides as a solid formulation meant for direct
use.
20 In an embodiment, the present invention provides a kit comprising a fungicide
composition containing mancozeb and carbendazim in a synergistic amount wherein
said composition is formulated as a solid formulation meant for direct use.
However, it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not
limited by the examples in any manner. It will be appreciated by any person skilled
25 in this art that the present invention includes aforesaid examples and further can be
modified and - altered within the technical scope of the present invention.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary
skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those
of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, its
40
combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples
herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described
embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the
scope and spirit of the invention.
The invention will be illustrated with reference to the following 5 examples.
EXAMPLES
Example 1a
Composition of Mancozeb and Thiophanate methyl
Ingredients Amount (%) w/w)
Mancozeb 50
Thiophanate methyl 25
Sodium alkyl naphthalene
sulphonate
3
Sodium lignosulphonate Q.S.
100.00
10 Example 1b
Preparation of synergistic combination of Mancozeb and carbendazim
Ingredients Amount (%)
Mancozeb 10.08
Carbendazim 1.92
clay 8.00
Kaolin QS
100.00
41
Process of manufacture of Granular formulation:
The process involves following steps:
1) Mixing :
All the ingredients were mixed in required quantity in a blender to 5 have Pre-blended
mixture in the form of homogenous powder.
2) Micronizing and post mixing : -
The preblended mixture was micronize/grinded through a suitable micronizer. This
micronized material was later post-mixed to have homogenous powder.
10 3) Dough preparation/Wet mixing: -
Water was admixed with the post- mixed mixture (obtained in step 2 above), to
obtain the homogenous wet dough.
4) Granulation/Extrusion: -
The dough obtained in step 3 was granulated to obtain the granules.
15 5) Drying :
The granules obtained in step 5 were dried such that the moisture content in the
dried granules should be below 3.0 % by mass.
6) Sieving:
The granules obtained in step 5 were sieved through desired sieves and packed in
20 desired pack.
Example 2
Composition of Zineb and Tebuconazole
Ingredients Amount (% w/w)
Zineb 57
42
Tebuconazole 15
Naphthalene sulphonic acid
formaldehyde condensate, sodium
salt
4
Sodium lignosulphonate Q.S.
100.00
Field trials:
Treatment with composition of present invention was given to crops in different
season and evaluated the disease control.
Percentage of disease control with the composition of the present 5 invention was
calculated using Colby equation.
The following equation was used to calculate the expected activity of mixtures
containing two active ingredients, for example A and B:
Expected=A+B−(A×B/100)
10 A=observed efficacy of active component A at the same concentration as used in the
mixture;
B=observed efficacy of active component B at the same concentration as used in the
mixture.
Treatments evaluated, application rate employed, pathogens evaluated and resulting
15 disease control are presented in the following Tables.
Table 1- Season I
Disease - Paddy Blast
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Expected
Percentage
Control
Difference
between
observed and
43
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 33.33 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 54.91 - -
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb
63% WP
0.75 69.18 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 + 0.75;
Additive
UPF 409 12.5 72.24 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 +2.31;
Synergistic
UPF 409 15.0 73.60
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 +3.67;
Synergistic
Paddy Sheath Blight
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 21.31 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 37.00 - -
UPF 409 12.5 72.24 50.43 + 21.81;
Synergistic
44
UPF 409 15.0 73.60 50.43 + 23.17;
Synergistic
Table 2- Season II
Disease- Sheath Blight
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 27.80 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 36.82 - -
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb
63% WP
0.75 52.39 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 - 1.99; Not
synergistic
UPF 409 12.5 64.58 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 +10.20;
Synergistic
UPF 409 15.0 66.59
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 +12.21;
Synergistic
45
Table 3- Season III (Comparative)
Disease - Paddy Sheath Blight
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb 75%
WP
2.0 45.12 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 58.80 - -
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb 63%
WP
0.75 76.87 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 90.47 - 13.6; Not
synergistic
Table 4- Season IV
Disease - Paddy Blast
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
46
formula Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 19.66 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 36.61 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 49.07 -
UPF 409 12.5 58.94 - + 9.97;
Synergistic
UPF409 15.0 62.02 - + 12.95;
Synergistic
Table – 5
Bioefficacy against the brown spot disease complex of paddy crop during
Season 1
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
1000 28.7 - -
Thiophanatemethyl
70%
WP
535.7 31.7 - -
Mancozeb +
Thiophanate-
750 + 375 69.7 - -
47
methyl WG
Colby’s formula calculation: 51.3 +18.4;
Synergistic
Table – 6
Bioefficacy against the sheath blight disease complex of paddy crop during
Season 2
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
1000 3.6 - -
Thiophanatemethyl
70%
WP
535.7 64.0 - -
Mancozeb +
Thiophanatemethyl
WG
750 + 375 76.3 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 65.3 +11.0;
Synergistic
5
48
Table – 7
Bioefficacy against the brown spot disease complex of paddy crop during
Season 2
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
1000 36.5 - -
Thiophanatemethyl
70%
WP
535.7 39.4 - -
Mancozeb +
Thiophanatemethyl
WG
750 + 375 74.0 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 61.5 + 12.5;
Synergistic
Table – 8
Bioefficacy against the brown spot disease complex of paddy crop during
Season 1
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
Percentage
control
Expected
Difference
between
observed and
49
(Observed) calculated by
Colby’s
formula
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
1000 28.7 - -
Thiophanatemethyl
70%
WP
535.7 31.7 - -
Mancozeb +
Thiophanatemethyl
WG
750 + 375 69.7 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 51.3 +18.4;
Synergistic
Table – 9
Bioefficacy against leaf spot of chilly crop during Season 1 – 10 days after 2nd
spray
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Zineb 75%
WP
750 1.4 - -
Tebuconazole
29.5% EC
187.5 31.4 - -
50
Tebuconazole
+ Zineb WG
187.5 + 712.5 63.6 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 32.4 +31.2;
Synergistic
Table – 10
Bioefficacy against the Chaenophora blight disease of chilly crop during Season
1
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
mL/ha)
Percentage
Control of
sheath blight
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Zineb 75%
WP
750 15.73 - -
Tebuconazole
25.9% EC
187.5 58.6 - -
Tebuconazole
+ Zineb
187.5 + 712.5 68.8 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 65.0 + 3.8;
Synergistic
Table – 11
Bioefficacy on leaf spot disease of chilli under field condition in Rabi 1st year
Treatment Formulation
dose (g or
Percentage
Control
Percentage
control
Difference
between
51
mL/ha) (Observed) Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
10 days after second spray
Zineb 75%
WP
1000 33.7 - -
Tebuconazole
25.9% EC
750 41.1 - -
Tebuconazole
+ Zineb WG
225 + 855 67.7 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 60.9 + 6.8;
Synergistic
10 days after second spray – Season 2
Zineb 75%
WP
1000 29.8 - -
Tebuconazole
25.9% EC
750 48.2 - -
Tebuconazole
+ Zineb WG
225 + 855 67.0 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 63.6 +3.4;
Synergistic
Example 3
Treatments evaluated, application rate employed, pathogens evaluated and resulting
disease control with combination Carbendazim + Mancozeb (GR) are presented in
the following 5 Tables 12-16.
52
Table 12
Sr.
No.
Ingredient Dose Method of
application
Active ingredient
(g a.i./ha)
Product
(kg or L/ha)
1. Carbendazim +
Mancozeb (GR)
240+1260 12.5 Broadcasting
2. Carbendazim +
Mancozeb (GR)
288+1512 15.0 Broadcasting
3. Mancozeb 75%
(WP)
1500 2.0 Spray (500L/ha)
4. Carbendazim 50%
(WP)
250 0.5 Spray (750L/ha)
5. Carbendazim 12%
+Mancozeb 63%
(WP)
563 0.75 Spray (750L/ha)
6. Untreated/control - - -
The comparative formulation was a solid formulation meant for
dispersion/dissolution prior to being sprayed, according to the 5 FAO definition of
such solid formulations. Such a formulation is typically available commercially as a
wettable powder (WP), which was used as a comparative formulation.
Table 13
Disease - Paddy Blast
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
Percentage
Control
Expected
Percentage
Difference
between
53
L/ha) (Observed) Control
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 33.33 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 54.91 - -
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb
63% WP
0.75 69.18 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 + 0.75;
Additive
Carbendazim +
Mancozeb
(GR)
12.5 72.24 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 +2.31;
Synergistic
Carbendazim +
Mancozeb
(GR)
15.0 73.60
Colby’s formula calculation: 69.93 +3.67;
Synergistic
Paddy Sheath Blight
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 21.31 - -
54
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 37.00 - -
Carbendazim +
Mancozeb
(GR)
12.5 72.24 50.43 + 21.81;
Synergistic
Carbendazim +
Mancozeb
(GR)
15.0 73.60 50.43 + 23.17;
Synergistic
The formulation comprising Carbendazim + Mancozeb (GR) was a composition
according to the present invention i.e. a solid formulation meant for direct use. In
this embodiment, the formulation was a granular formulation (GR).
5
In an embodiment, the minimum dosage of above present formulation was
maintained at greater than at least 10.0 kg/ha.
Table 14
Disease- Sheath Blight
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 27.80 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 36.82 - -
55
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb
63% WP
0.75 52.39 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 - 1.99; Not
synergistic
Carbendazim
+ Mancozeb
(GR)
12.5 64.58 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 +10.20;
Synergistic
Carbendazim
+ Mancozeb
(GR)
15.0 66.59
Colby’s formula calculation: 54.38 +12.21;
Synergistic
In furtherance to the results in above trials, a separate trial was conducted to evaluate
the efficacy of a WP formulation comprising these fungicides to reconfirm the
merely additive/antagonistic activity of the comparative WP formulation.
5 Table 15
Disease - Paddy Sheath Blight
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
56
formula Conclusion
Mancozeb 75%
WP
2.0 45.12 - -
Canbendazim
50% WP
0.5 58.80 - -
Carbendazim
12% +
Mancozeb 63%
WP
0.75 76.87 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 90.47 - 13.6; Not
synergistic
A confirmatory trial was then conducted to reconfirm the unexpected synergy seen
with the solid formulation meant for direct use (GR) vis-à-vis the activity of a solid
formulation meant for dissolution/dispersion (WP) above. The objective of the
present invention was to reassess the findings of the above 5 described trials.
Table 16
Disease - Paddy Blast
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
Expected
calculated by
Colby’s
formula
Difference
between
observed and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 19.66 - -
Canbendazim 0.5 36.61 - -
57
50% WP
Colby’s formula calculation: 49.07 -
Carbendazim
+ Mancozeb
(GR)
12.5 58.94 - + 9.97;
Synergistic
Carbendazim
+ Mancozeb
(GR)
15.0 62.02 - + 12.95;
Synergistic
It was thus found that the fungicides mancozeb and carbendazim interacted
synergistically when presented as a solid formulation meant for direct use, whereas
they were merely additive or antagonistic when presented as a solid formulation
meant for dispersion/5 dissolution.
Example 4
Formulation:
Preparation of synergistic combination of copper sulphate 47.15% and Mancozeb
30%:
10
15
Ingredients % w/w
Copper sulpfate 47.15
Mancozeb 30
Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate
condensate sodium salt
7
Kaolinite Clay q.s.
Total 100% w/w
58
The bead milling instrument was charged with a suspension of copper sulphate
(47.15% in water) wetting and dispersing agent. The premix was milled for 45
seconds to obtain a blend. Mancozeb technical was slurried together with kaolinic
clay into the copper sulphate blend. This slurry (liquid suspension) was pumped into
the nozzles of a spray dryer. The water from the droplets was evaporated 5 in a hot air
stream at inlet temperature of 120°C and outlet temperature of 80°C to obtain
granules.
Example 5
Field trial:
10 Treatment with composition of present invention was given to crops in different
season and evaluated % Disease intensity of Downy Mildew, powdery mildew and
Anthracnose, Grape-berry yield at harvest and Phytotoxicity.
It has been observed that the compositionhad no phytotoxicity sign and was safe for
grapevines for controlling the diseases. It was observed that yield of fresh
15 marketable berries was significantly increased in the plots sprayed with present
composition as compared to control and other plots. However, it was found that due
to very low infection of anthracnose and downy mildew occurred in the vines
sprayed with present invention improved the berry yield in the grape.
Percentage of disease control with the composition of the present invention was
20 calculated using Colby equation.
The following equation was used to calculate the expected activity of mixtures
containing two active ingredients, for example A and B:
Expected=A+B−(A×B/100)
A=observed efficacy of active component A at the same concentration as used in the
25 mixture;
B=observed efficacy of active component B at the same concentration as used in the
mixture.
59
Treatments evaluated, application rate employed, pathogens evaluated and resulting
disease control are presented in the following Tables 17-18.
Table 17
Sr.
No.
Ingredient Dose Method of
application
Active ingredient
(g a.i./ha)
1. Mancozeb +
Copper sulphate
(WDG)
5 Spray
2. Mancozeb +
Copper sulphate
(WDG)
6 Spray
3. Mancozeb 75%
(WP)
2 Spray
4. Copper
oxychloride 50%
(WP)
2.5 Spray
5. Mancozeb +
Copper sulphate
(WP)
0.23575% Spray
6. Untreated/control -
5
The comparative formulation was a solid formulation meant for
dispersion/dissolution prior to being sprayed, according to the FAO definition of
60
such solid formulations. Such a formulation is typically available commercially as a
wettable powder (WP), which was used as a comparative formulation.
Table 18- Effect of present composition against anthracnose, powdery and downy
mildew diseases of grapes (mean of Season 5 I and Season II)
Disease - Anthracnose
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Expected
Percentage Control
calculated by
Colby’s formula
Difference
between
observed
and
expected
Control;
Conclusion
Leaf
infection
Cluster
infection
Leaf
infection
Cluster
infection
Untreated - - - - -
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 26.01 56.72 - -
Copper
Oxychloride
50% WP
2.5 53.78 74.53 - -
Mancozeb +
Copper WP
0.235% 39.75 66.01 - -
Colby’s formula calculation: 65.81 88.97 -26.02 -22.96
61
Antagonistic
Mancozeb +
copper
sulphate
(GR)
5 81.46 83.39 + 41.71
Synergistic
+ 17.38
Synergistic
Mancozeb +
copper
sulphate
(GR)
6 85.41 84.74 + 45.66
Synergistic
+ 18.73
Synergistic
Disease - Powdery Mildew
Treatment Formulation
dose (Kg or
L/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Expected
Percentage Control
calculated by
Colby’s formula
Difference between observed
and expected Control;
Conclusion
Leaf
infection
Cluster
infection
Untreated - - - -
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 52.02 48.78 - -
Copper
Oxychloride
50% WP
2.5 68.27 70.63 - -
Mancozeb +
Copper WP
0.235% 67.04 67.76 - -
Colby’s 84.77 84.96 - 17.73 - 17.2
62
formula
calculation:
Antagonistic Antagonistic
Mancozeb +
copper
sulphate
(GR)
5 83.34 84.43 - 1.43
(Additive)
- 0.53
(Additiv
e)
Mancozeb +
copper
sulphate
(GR)
6 85.12 85.45 + 0.35
(Additive /
Synergistic)
+ 0.49 (Additive
/ Synergistic)
Disease - Downy Mildew
Treatment Formulation
dose
(Kg/ha)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Percentage
Control
(Observed)
Expected
Percentage Control
calculated by
Colby’s formula
Difference between observed
and expected Control;
Conclusion
Leaf
infection
Cluster
infection
Untreated - - - -
Mancozeb
75% WP
2.0 56.30 53.12 - -
Copper
Oxychloride
50% WP
2.5 72.24 74.04 - -
Mancozeb +
Copper
0.235% 65.47 70.93 - -
63
The formulation comprising Mancozeb + copper sulphate (GR) was a composition
according to the present invention i.e. a solid formulation meant for direct use. In
this embodiment, the formulation was a granular formulation (GR).
It was thus found that the fungicides mancozeb and copper sulphate 5 interacted
synergistically when presented as a solid formulation meant for direct use e.g. as a
WDG or GR formulation, whereas they were merely additive or antagonistic when
presented as a solid formulation meant for dispersion/dissolution e.g. as a WP
formulation.
10 Therefore, according to an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is
a solid composition.
In an embodiment, the solid composition of the present invention is not a
composition meant for dissolution or dispersion before use.
In an embodiment, the solid composition of the present invention is not a wettable
15 powder composition.
In an embodiment, the solid composition of the present invention is a composition
meant for direct use i.e. without dissolution or dispersion.
In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a granular (GR)
composition.
20 In an embodiment, the composition of the present invention is a wettable granules
(WG) composition.
(WP)
Colby’s formula calculation
:
87.86 87.82 - 22.39
Antagonistic
- 16.89
Antagonistic
64
WE CLAIM :
1. A fungicidal composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and at
least one another fungicide, wherein said composition is a 5 solid formulation
meant for direct use.
2. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is selected from group comprising amobam, asomate, azithiram,
carbamorph, cufraneb, cuprobam, disulfiram, ferbam, metam, nabam,
10 tecoram, thiram, urbacide, ziram, dazomet etem, milneb, zineb, propineb,
maneb, mancopper, mancozeb, metiram or polycarbamate or combinations
thereof.
3. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is mancozeb.
15 4. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said another fungicide is
selected from the group comprising a triazole, a strobilurin, a succinate
dehydrogenase inhibitor, a benzimidazole or benzimidazole precursor or a
benzimidazole carbamate fungicide or copper fungicide or combinations
thereof.
20 5. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said triazole is selected from
group comprising azaconazole, bitertanol, bromuconazole, cyproconazole,
difenoconazole, diniconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole,
fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole,
Ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, Propiconazole,
25 simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol,
triticonazole, prothioconazole or combinations thereof.6.The composition as
claimed in claim 5 wherein said strobilurin fungicide is selected from group
comprising azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, enoxastrobin, flufenoxystrobin,
picoxystrobin, pyraoxystrobin, mandestrobin, pyraclostrobin,
30 pyrametostrobin, triclopyricarb, kresoxim-methyl, dimoxystrobin,
65
fenaminostrobin, metominostrobin, trifloxystrobin, famoxadone,
fluoxastrobin, fenamidone, pyribencarb or mixtures thereof.
6. The composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein said succinate
dehydrogenase inhibitor is selected from group comprising pyrazole
carboxamide class of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor 5 fungicide selected
from benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isopyrazam,
penflufen, penthiopyrad, 3-difluoromethyl-N- (7- fluoro-l, 1, 3-trimethyl-4-
indanyl)-l-methyl-4- pyrazolecarboxamide or sedaxane.
7. The composition as claimed in claim 4 wherein said benzimidazole precursor
10 fungicide is selected from furophanate, thiophanate or thiophanate -methyl.
8. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is present in an amount of about 40-60% by weight of the
composition.
9. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said second fungicide is
15 present in an amount of about 10-30% by weight of the composition.
10. A solid composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a second
fungicide wherein said dithiocarbamate fungicide is present in an amount of
40-60% by weight of the composition and second fungicide is present in an
amount of 10-30% by weight of the composition, wherein the composition is
20 a solid composition meant for direct use.
11. The solid composition as claimed in claim 10 comprising mancozeb present
in an amount of 40 to 60% by weight and thiophanate methyl present in an
amount of 20 to 30% by weight, wherein said mancozeb and thiophanate
methyl are present in a ratio of 2:1.
25 12. The solid composition as claimed in claim 10 comprising zineb present in an
amount of 55 to 60 % by weight and tebuconazole present in an amount of
10 to 20 % by weight, wherein said zineb and tebuconazole are present in a
ratio of 4:1.
66
13. The composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is mancozeb present in an amount of 50% by weight of the
composition.
14. The composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is zineb present in an amount of 57% 5 by weight of the
composition.
15. The composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein said another fungicide is
tebuconazole present in an amount of 15 % by weight of the composition.
16. The composition as claimed in claim 10 wherein said another fungicide is
10 thiophanate methyl present in an amount of 25% by weight of the
composition.
17. The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims further
comprising agrochemically acceptable carriers and fillers.
18. The composition as claimed in claim 17 wherein said agrochemically
15 acceptable carrier is selected from at least one dispersing agent; at least one
wetting agent, at least one antifoam, at least one surfactant and combinations
thereof.
19. The composition as claimed in claim 18 wherein said wetting agent is
selected from the group consisting of a salt of the ester of the substituted
20 phenol, and sulfosuccinate.
20. The composition as claimed in claim 18 wherein said surfactant is selected
from salts of polystyrenesulphonic acids; salts of polyvinylsulphonic acids;
salts of naphthalenesulphonic acid/formaldehyde condensates; salts of
condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid, phenolsulphonic acid and
25 formaldehyde; salts of lignosulphonic acid; sodium lignosulphonate,
polyethylene oxide/polypropylene oxide block copolymers; polyethylene
glycol ethers of linear alcohols; reaction products of fatty acids with ethylene
oxide and/or propylene oxide; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinylpyrrolidone;
copolymers of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone; copolymers of
67
(meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters; and alkyl ethoxylates and
alkylarylethoxylates.
21. The composition as claimed in claim 20 wherein said surfactant is selected
from one or more of sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium
diisopropylnaphthalenesulfonate, sodium salt of naphthalene 5 sulfonate
condensate, lignin sulfonate salts and combination thereof.
22. The composition as claimed in claim 17 wherein said fillers are selected
from one or more of precipitated silica, china clay and kaolin.
23. The composition as claimed in claim 1 or 10, wherein said solid formulation
10 meant for direct use is selected from a dustable powder (DP), powder for dry
seed treatment (DS), microgranules (MG), wettable granules (WG), granules
(GR), or a tablet for direct dispersion (DT).
24. The composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein said solid formulation
meant for direct use is granules (GR).
15 25. A solid composition according to claim 10 comprising mancozeb in an
amount of 50% by weight and thiophanate methyl present in an amount of
25% by weight, wherein said composition is wherein said composition is a
granular formulation meant for direct use.
26. A solid composition according to claim 10 comprising Zineb in an amount of
20 57% by weight and tebuconazole present in an amount of 15% by weight,
wherein said composition is wherein said composition is a granular
formulation meant for direct use.
27. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said crop diseases is disease
in rice.
25 28. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said crop diseases is selected
from blast, Helminthosporium leaf spot, sheath blight, and bakanae disease.
29. The composition as claimed in claim 1 wherein said crop diseases is selected
from blast and sheath blight.
68
30. A fungicidal composition comprising a dithiocarbamate fungicide and a
benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide, wherein
said composition is a solid formulation meant for direct use.
31. The composition as claimed in claim 30 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide and benzimidazole fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamat5 e
fungicide are present in a ratio of 10.08: 1.92.
32. An improved fungicidal composition for crop protection comprising a
dithiocarbamate fungicide and a benzimidazole fungicide or a
benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide characterized in that said composition is
10 a solid formulation meant for direct use.
33. The composition as claimed in claim 30 and 32 wherein said dithiocarbamate
fungicide is mancozeb.
34. The composition as claimed in claim 30 and 32 wherein said benzimidazole
fungicide or a benzimidazolylcarbamate fungicide is carbendazim.
15 35. The composition as claimed in claim 30 wherein carbendazim is present in
an amount of 1.92% by weight of the composition.
36. The composition as claimed in claim 30 wherein mancozeb is present in an
amount of 10.08% by weight of the composition.
37. The composition as claimed in claims 30-36 further comprising
20 agrochemically acceptable carriers and fillers.
38. The composition as claimed in claim 37 wherein said agrochemically
acceptable carrier is selected from at least one dispersing agent; at least one
wetting agent, at least one antifoam, at least one surfactant and combinations
thereof.
25 39. The composition as claimed in claim 38 wherein said wetting agent is
selected from the group consisting of a salt of the ester of the substituted
phenol, and sulfosuccinate.
69
40. The composition as claimed in claim 37 wherein said fillers are selected
from one or more of precipitated silica, china clay and kaolin.
41. The composition as claimed in claim 32 wherein said crop diseases is disease
in rice.
42. The composition as claimed in claim 32 wherein said 5 crop diseases is
selected from blast, Helminthosporium leaf spot, sheath blight, and bakanae
disease.
43. The composition as claimed in claim 32 wherein said crop diseases is
selected from blast and sheath blight.
10 44. The composition as claimed in claim 30, wherein said a solid formulation
meant for direct use is selected from a dustable powder (DP), powder for dry
seed treatment (DS), granules (GR), or a tablet for direct dispersion (DT).
45. The composition as claimed in claim 44, wherein said a solid formulation
meant for direct use is granules (GR).
15 46. A composition comprising mancozeb and a copper fungicide present in a
ratio of about 1:1.5.
47. The composition as claimed in claim 47, wherein mancozeb is present from
about 25% to about 35% by weight of the composition.
48. The composition as claimed in claim 46 or claim 47, wherein the copper
20 fungicide is present from about 40% to about 50% by weight of the
composition.
49. The composition as claimed in claims 46-48, wherein said composition
comprises about 30% by weight of mancozeb and 47.15% by weight of a
copper fungicide.
25 50. The composition as claimed in any one the preceding claims 46-49, wherein
the copper fungicide is selected from copper oxychloride, copper sulfate,
copper hydroxide or tribasic copper sulfate.
70
51. The composition as claimed in claim 46, formulated as granules, dry
flowable, wettable granules or water dispersible granules.
52. The composition as claimed in claim 46 wherein said composition is a solid
formulation meant for direct use.
53. The composition as claimed in claims 46-52 wherein the 5 total weight of
mancozeb and the copper fungicide together is about 75% by weight of the
composition.
54. The composition as claimed in claim 53, wherein the composition is
formulated as water dispersible granules.
10 55. The composition as claimed in any of the preceding claims 46-54 further
comprising agrochemically acceptable carriers and fillers.
56. The composition as claimed in claim 55 wherein said agrochemically
acceptable carrier is selected from at least one dispersing agent; at least one
wetting agent, at least one antifoam, at least one surfactant and combinations
15 thereof.
57. The composition as claimed in claim 55 wherein said agrochemically
acceptable carrier is selected from alkali aromatic aryl sulphonate, salts of
condensates of naphthalenesulphonic acid,
alkylarylsulfonatesalkylbenzenesulfonates; alkylnaphthalenesulfonates and
20 salts thereof.
58. The composition as claimed in claim 46 wherein said crop diseases is disease
in grape.
59. The composition as claimed in claim 46 wherein said crop diseases is
selected from anthracnose, powdery and downy mildew diseases of grapes
25 disease.
60. The composition as claimed in claim 46, wherein said composition is a solid
formulation meant for direct use is selected from a dustable powder (DP),
71
powder for dry seed treatment (DS), granules (GR), or a tablet for direct
dispersion (DT).
61. The composition as claimed in claim 60, wherein said formulation meant for
direct use is granules (GR).
62. A process for preparation of granular formulation comprising 5 Mancozeb and
a copper fungicide, said process comprising:
a) blending mancozeb with a copper fungicide optionally with at least
one agrochemically acceptable carriers and water, to prepare a slurry;
b) homogenizing said slurry by wet milling;
10 c) spray drying the slurry of step (b) to obtain granules.
63. A method for controlling pathogenic fungi at a locus, said method
comprising containing the locus with a composition comprising Mancozeb
and a copper fungicide, wherein said mancozeb and copper fungicide are
present in the ratio of about 1:1.5.