DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an insecticidal composition, more particularly to a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin and the method of preparing the same.
DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Crop protection technology which includes all types of pesticides such as herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, as well as biotechnological products help control the thousands of weed species, harmful insects and numerous plant diseases that afflict crops. In the absence of these crop protection and pest control technologies, food production would decline, many fruits and vegetables would be in short supply, and the price of food would rise. Additionally, the production of important fibers for clothing, such as cotton, would decrease as farmers would lose their harvests and livelihoods to crop pests and diseases. Thus, crop protection is very important to increase the production of agricultural products and at the same time reduce their cost.
Several insecticidal agents and compositions have been developed to control insect pests such as agro-horticultural pests or hygienic pests, and in practice have been used as a single or a mixed agent, but economically efficient and ecologically safe insect control compositions are still being sought. Insecticidal compositions which allow for reduced effective dosage rates, increased environmental safety and lower the incidence of insect resistance are highly desirable. The rotational application of insect control agents having different modes of action may be adopted for good pest management practice. However, this approach does not necessarily give satisfactory insect control.
Insecticides are often combined in mixtures for three main reasons: (i) to widen the spectrum of insecticidal activity to control several insects simultaneously affecting a crop; (ii) to exploit additive and synergistic interactions between insecticides, by which the overall activity is increased and the concentrations of the compounds can be reduced without loss of activity; and (iii) to delay the selection process of resistant individuals in an insect population to one component of the mixture. Combinations of insect control agents have been studied, but a high synergistic action has not always been found.
When two or more substances in combination demonstrate unexpectedly high biological activity, for example, insecticidal activity, the resulting phenomenon may be referred to as synergism. The reason or mechanism for the synergy may not always be known, and may differ with different combinations, but the effect can always be observed experimentally. The term “synergism” or “synergy” hereinafter refers to a cooperative action encountered in a combination of two or more biologically active components in which the combined activity of the two or more components exceeds the sum of the activity of each component alone.
In view of the above, obtaining an insecticidal composition which demonstrates no cross-resistance to existing insecticidal agents, no toxicity problems and little negative impact on the environment is extremely difficult. Thus, it is an object of this invention to provide a synergistic insecticidal composition which demonstrates a high controlling effect along with reduced crop production cost and reduced environmental load. Accordingly, the invention provides a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising Imidacloprid and Lambda Cyhalothrin.
Imidacloprid (IUPAC name: (E)-1-(6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl)-N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylideneamine, Molecular Formula: C9H10ClN5O2, Molecular Weight: 255.7) was first described in EP 0192060 A1 by Nihon Tokushu Noyaku Seizo K.K. The structure, as depicted in the FAO Manual, is as follows:

It was introduced in the year 1991 and has since become the most widely used insecticide in the world. Imidacloprid belongs to a class of chemicals called neonicotinoids and is a systemic, chloro-nicotinyl insecticide having soil, seed and foliar uses.
According to IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee; IRAC MoA Classification V.7.3, February 2014), imidacloprid belongs to the 4A group of neonicotinoids, acting as a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonist.
The mode of action of imidacloprid is based on the interference of nervous impulses transmission, causing the hyper excitation of the nerve system of the insect itself. Specifically, it causes a blockage in the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. This blockage leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter, resulting in the paralysis of insects, the target pests feeding activity ceases within minutes to hours and death of the insects occurs usually within 1 to 2 days.
Imidacloprid is effective on contact and via stomach action or via translaminar activity. It is readily taken up by the plant and further distributed acropetally, with good root-systemic action.
Imidacloprid can be applied by soil injection, tree injection, application to the skin of the plant, broadcast foliar, ground application as a granular or liquid formulation, or as a pesticide-coated seed treatment. It is widely used for control of various insect pests like sucking pests, including rice, leaf and plant hoppers, aphids, thrips and whiteflies and some biting insects like rice water weevil and Colorado beetle etc. in agriculture. Other uses include application to foundations to prevent termite damage, pest control for gardens and turf, treatment of domestic pets to control fleas, protection of trees from boring insects, and in preservative treatment of some types of timber products.
Lambda-cyhalothrin (IUPAC: Reaction mass (1:1) mixture of (R)- a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1S, 3S)-3-[(Z)-2-chloro-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropenyl]-2, 2-dimethylcyclopranecarboxylate and (S)- a -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (1R , 3R)-3 -[(Z)-2- chloro-3, 3, 3-trifluoropropenyl]-2, 2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate having Molecular formula: C23H19ClF3NO3 and Molecular weight: 449.9) belongs to the pyrethroid insecticide class, more specifically to the class of pyrethroids in the ester form and was first described by Imperial Chemical Industries Plc. in 1983 in EP0107296 A1 . The structure, as depicted in the FAO Manual, is as follows:

Lambda-cyhalothrin belongs to a group of chemicals called Pyrethroids, which are manmade chemicals similar to the natural insecticides pyrethrins. Lambda cyhalothrin disrupts the normal functioning of the nervous system in an organism by disturbing the function of the neurons by interaction with sodium channel and may cause paralysis or death.
Lambda cyhalothrin is a non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, and repellent properties. It gives rapid knockdown and long residual activity. It is widely used for control of wide-spectrum of insect-pests like aphids, Colorado beetles, thrips, lepidopteron larvae, coleopteran larvae and adults etc. in a wide range of agricultural crops and is also effective in control of insect-borne plant viruses.
It was observed that using the combination formulation comprising imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin in the ranges in accordance with the invention leads to much better control of the different insect pests in comparison to the individual commercial formulations. Reduced volumes of spray in comparison to individual commercial formulations are required and this considerably reduces the spray of individual active ingredients in the combination formulations and lower grams per hectare of the active ingredients are sprayed than the individual commercial formulations. Consequently, the residual amount of insecticides in the crops is also much lower, which reduces the environmental load/residues considerably. Thus, the toxic effects of the residues of the active ingredients on the biotic and abiotic part of the ecosystem are minimized.
There is still a need for synergistic imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin compositions that provide a wide spectrum control of insect pests, delaying the pre-eminence of resistance strains of insect pests.
PCT application WO2005/015993 describes an insecticide formulation for application in the veterinary field comprising a mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid in viscous and sticky composition.
PCT application WO2006/008614 discloses compositions comprising mixtures of chloronicotinyl compounds (among which is imidacloprid) and pyrethroids (among which is lambda-cyhalothrin) in the form of granules or emulsion concentrates. No mention is made to the specific mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin and imidacloprid.
PCT application WO 2013133731 A1 relates to formulations for the control of insects, such formulations comprising microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin, alone or in suspension with imidacloprid. It also relates to the process of microencapsulation of lambda-cyhalothrin, and to the process of preparation of a ZC formulation comprising the microencapsulated lambda-cyhalothrin in mixture with imidacloprid, in the form of a suspension concentrate, for use in crop protection.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to develop stable, wide spectrum and synergistic insecticidal compositions comprising two different insecticides viz; imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin having different modes of action than those available in the market. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a process for preparing the same.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic insecticidal composition for wide spectrum control of insect pests, delaying the pre-eminence of the resistant strains of the insect-pests, minimizing the risk of development of resistance, and achieving effective and economical control of undesired insect-pests.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention there is provided a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin as active ingredients present in an effective amount.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, imidacloprid is present in an amount of 5-10% w/w.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, lambda cyhalothrin is present in an amount of 2.5-5% w/w.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition further comprises a plurality of copolymers, emulsifiers and solvents.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the copolymers are present in an amount of 0.8-1% w/w.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the copolymers are selected from polyvinyl polypyrrolidones alone or in combination thereof.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the copolymer is preferably polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the emulsifiers are present in an amount of 6-8% w/w.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the emulsifiers are preferably ethoxylated alkyl aryl phenol derivatives.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the solvents are preferably polar aprotic solvents and selected from a group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl pyrrolidone.
In accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition is formulated as a Soluble Liquid (SL), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP), Water Dispersible Granules (WDG), etc.
In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition is formulated as a Soluble Liquid (SL) by the known procedure.
The synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention is found to be useful in protecting a wide range of crops like cotton, paddy, brinjal, etc. against various insect pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, jassids, etc. The composition achieves improved biological performance in single application by enhancing overall control of insect-pests over a shorter period of time. Additional benefits of using the insecticidal composition of the present invention include reduced risk of occupational exposure and hazards, lower cost of application, better cost-benefit ratio to the end users, reduced fuel cost and labor cost, savings in applicator’s time and reduced wear of personal protection equipment and losses caused by mechanical damage to the crops and soil.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention. The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative methods. The illustrative examples are described in this section in connection with the embodiments and methods provided. The invention according to its various aspects is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the appended claims read in view of this specification and appropriate equivalents.
It is to be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.
As used herein, the expressions “SL formulation”, “SC formulation”, “WP formulation” and “WDG formulation” are the international denominations adopted by the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations) to designate “soluble liquid”, "aqueous suspension of solid fine particles", “wettable powder” and “water dispersible granules” respectively.
The present invention relates to a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin as active ingredients present in an effective amount and the methods of preparing the same.
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide which acts as an insect neurotoxin and belongs to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects. The chemical works by interfering with the transmission of stimuli in the insect nervous system. Specifically, it causes a blockage in the nicotinergic neuronal pathway. This blockage leads to the accumulation of acetylcholine, an important neurotransmitter, resulting in the paralysis of the insect, and eventually leasing to the death. It is effective on contact and via stomach action or via translaminar activity. It is readily taken up by the plant and further distributed acropetally, with good root-systemic action. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, imidacloprid is present in an amount of 5-10% w/w. In a preferred embodiment, the imidacloprid is present in an amount of 6% w/w.
Lambda cyhalothrin is a non-systemic insecticide with contact and stomach action, and repellent properties. It gives rapid knockdown and long residual activity. It is widely used for control of wide-spectrum of insect-pests like aphids, Colorado beetles, thrips, lepidopteron larvae, coleopteran larvae and adults etc. in a wide range of agricultural crops and is also effective in control of insect-borne plant viruses. In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, lambda cyhalothrin is present in an amount of 2.5-5% w/w. In a preferred embodiment, lambda cyhalothrin is present in an amount of 4% w/w.
The synergistic insecticidal composition of present invention further comprises a plurality of copolymers, emulsifiers and solvents.
In an embodiment of the invention, the copolymers are selected from polyvinyl polypyrrolidones alone or in combination thereof and are present in an amount of 0.8-1% w/w and more preferably 1% w/w. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the copolymer is preferably polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
The emulsifiers for the use in the synergistic insecticidal composition of present invention are selected from a group consisting of ethoxylated alkyl aryl phenol derivative and are present in an amount of 6-8% w/w and more preferably 8% w/w. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the emulsifier is preferably ethoxylated alkyl aryl phenol derivative.
The solvents contemplated for the present invention are preferably polar aprotic solvents and selected from a group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone or a combination thereof.
Another objective of the present invention is to formulate the synergistic insecticidal composition as a Soluble Liquid (SL), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP), Water Dispersible Granules (WDG), etc. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the synergistic insecticidal composition is formulated as a Soluble Liquid (SL).
The synergistic insecticidal composition of present invention in Soluble Liquid also provides the method for preparation of the said formulation.
In accordance with an embodiment of the invention there is provided a method of preparing a Soluble Liquid (SL) formulation for a synergistic insecticidal composition comprising Imidacloprid and Lambda Cyhalothrin. All the raw materials were verified for conformance to the laid down individual specifications. The required quantities of raw materials were weighed, transferred through the auto-batching system into agitating vessel and agitated for 2 hours. The quality of in-process sample was checked for conformance to the specifications. The quality approved in-process sample was transferred to the holding tank after passing through sparkler filter pump for packing as per the requirements.
The synergistic insecticidal composition of present invention provides a wide spectrum control of insect pests, delaying the pre-eminence of the resistant strains of the insect-pests, minimizing the risk of development of resistance, and achieving effective and economical control of undesired insect-pests.
The synergistic insecticidal composition of the present invention is found to be useful in protecting a wide range of crops like cotton, paddy, brinjal, etc. against various insect pests like aphids, whiteflies, thrips, jassids, etc. The composition achieves improved biological performance in single application by enhancing overall control of insect-pests over a shorter period of time. Additional benefits of using the insecticidal composition of the present invention include reduced risk of occupational exposure and hazards, lower cost of application, better cost-benefit ratio to the end users, reduced fuel cost and labor cost, savings in applicator’s time and reduced wear of personal protective equipment and losses caused by mechanical damage to the crops and soil.
The present invention is more particularly described in the following examples that are intended as illustrations only, since numerous modifications and variations within the scope of the present invention will be apparent to those of skill in the art. Unless otherwise noted, all parts, percentages and ratios reported in the following examples are on a weight basis and all reagents used in the examples were obtained or are available from the chemical suppliers.
Examples
The following examples illustrate the basic methodology and versatility of the present invention.
Examples 1-5
The unit of each value below is “% w/w” i. e. the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified. The compositions contemplated by each of the Examples 1-5 that are tabulated in Table 1 are formulated as a Soluble Liquid (SL) formulation.
Table 1: Examples of the synergistic insecticidal compositions of present invention
Component Function Examples
1 2 3 4 5
Imidacloprid technical **A.I 10.00 5.00 5.00 6.00 7.50
Lambda cyhalothrin technical **A.I 5.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 5.00
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Ethoxylated alkyl aryl phenol Emulsifier 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Dimethyl sulfoxide Solvent 30.00 41.40 41.10 36.00 31.00
N-methyl pyrrolidone Solvent *q.s. *q.s. *q.s. *q.s. *q.s.
*q.s. = quantity sufficient
**A.I = Active ingredient
The aforementioned synergistic insecticidal composition can be formulated as Soluble Liquid (SL) by the process described in Example 6 below.
Example 6
Process of preparation of synergistic insecticide composition in Soluble Liquid (SL) formulation of present invention
The synergistic insecticidal compositions of Examples 1-5 are prepared by the process described hereinafter. All the raw materials were verified for conformance to the laid down individual specifications. The required quantities of raw materials as illustrated in Table 2 below, were weighed, transferred through the auto-batching system into agitating vessel and agitated for 2 hours. The quality of in-process sample was checked for conformance to the specifications. The quality approved in-process sample was transferred to the holding tank after passing through sparkler filter pump for packing as per the requirements.
Table 2: Quantities of the active ingredients and raw materials charged
Component Function Examples
Quantities of materials charged (kg)
1 2 3 4 5
Imidacloprid technical **A.I 11.00 5.42 5.42 6.46 8.02
Lambda cyhalothrin technical **A.I 6.00 2.77 3.35 4.41 5.53
Polyvinyl pyrrolidone Copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
Ethoxylated alkyl aryl phenol Emulsifier 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00
Dimethyl sulfoxide Solvent 30.00 41.41 41.12 36.06 30.98
N-methyl pyrrolidone Solvent 45.00 41.41 41.12 44.07 46.47
**A.I = Active ingredient
Example 7
Evaluation of the synergistic insecticidal effect of Imidacloprid and Lambda Cyhalothrin
In the evaluation of the synergistic effect, a field trial was conducted on cotton to evaluate the insecticidal control of sucking pests such as aphids, jassids, thrips and white flies with lambda cyhalothrin and imidacloprid alone and in binary mixture as a foliar application. The binary mixture is prepared by the process described in the Example 6. Commercially available compositions of lambda cyhalothrin (Sunny 5% EC) and imidacloprid (Leopard 70% WG) were diluted with water to the stated concentration of the active compound. Applications were made with a backpack type sprayer fitted with a pressure regulator and a vertical bar with one hollow cone nozzle. Experiment design was in randomized blocks with four repetitions and each plot was measured an area of 25 sq. mts. The rate of application was 400 l/ha for all the trials. The number of insects (nymph, adults) per leaf on the five leaves (two on the top, two in middle and one at the bottom was assessed 10 days after application (DAA).
Table 3 below summarizes the synergistic impacts of separate and combined treatments for sucking pests at different concentrations of lambda cyhalothrin and imidacloprid. Synergism was calculated by using the Colby’s method, Weeds, Vol. 15. No. 1 (Jan., 1967), pp. 20-2.
Table 3: Synergistic impact of separate and combined treatments for sucking pests at various concentrations of the synergistic insecticidal composition Imidacloprid 6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 4% SL
Compound a.i./ha¥ % Control at 10 DAA* Expected % Control (Et) + Colby Ratio (Ea+b/ Et)
Lambda cyhalothrin 14 **Ea = 45.58 - -
Imidacloprid 21 €Eb = 52.05 - -
Lambda cyhalothrin+ Imidacloprid 14+21 ++Ea+b = 83.80 73.90 1.13
Lambda cyhalothrin 10 Ea = 33.91 - -
Imidacloprid 20 Eb = 42.33 - -
Lambda cyhalothrin+ Imidacloprid 10+20 Ea+b = 69.51 61.88 1.12
Lambda cyhalothrin 12 Ea = 41.69 - -
Imidacloprid 20 Eb = 42.33 - -
Lambda cyhalothrin+ Imidacloprid 12+20 Ea+b = 80.96 66.37 1.22
Lambda cyhalothrin 13.75 Ea = 43.89 - -
Imidacloprid 20.625 Eb = 45.40 - -
Lambda cyhalothrin+ Imidacloprid 13.75+20.625 Ea+b = 83.35 69.36 1.20
*DAA = days after application
¥a.i. /ha = active ingredient per hectare.
** Ea=% Control at 10 DAA for Lambda cyhalothrin
€Eb = % Control at 10 DAA for Imidacloprid
++Ea+b= % Control at 10 DAA for Imidacloprid 6% + Lambda Cyhalothrin 4%
+Et = Expected % Control for Lambda cyhalothrin and Imidacloprid in combination or alone.
As can be seen from the data shown in Table 3, combinations of Imidacloprid plus a pyrethroid compound (lambda cyhalothrin) demonstrate synergistic insect control.
Example 8: Evaluation of bio-efficacy of new insecticide against sucking pests in cotton
Field trials were performed to evaluate the biological efficacy of the synergistic insecticidal composition of present invention against the common and hazardous sucking pests. This evaluation was performed by comparing the claimed synergistic insecticidal composition in the present specification against the marketed reference products, i.e., lambda cyhalothrin (Sunny 5% EC) and imidacloprid (Leopard 70% WG).
15 plants in each treatment (5 leaves in each plant) were randomly tagged and total number of insects/15 plant were recorded before the spray and 1 DAT (days after treatment), 3DAT, 7 DAT AND 10 DAT of the spray. Based on various doses, weighed quantity of test products were dissolved in 5 lit. of water/treatment and sprayed uniformly.
Details of the experiment
Target pests: Aphids, jassids, thrips and white fly.
Crop: Cotton
Water volume/acre: 120 liters
The treatment details are tabulated in Table 4 below.
Table 4: Treatment details for evaluation of bio-efficacy of new insecticide against sucking pests in cotton
Particulars Treatment Dose/Acre
T1 Imidacloprid 6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 4% SL 140ml
T2 Imidacloprid 5% + Lambda cyhalothrin 2.5 % SL 160ml
T3 Imidacloprid 70% WG 40gm
T4 Imidacloprid 5% + Lambda cyhalothrin 3% SL 160ml
T5 Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC 150ml
T6 Imidacloprid 10% + Lambda cyhalothrin 5% SL 80ml
T7 Willoxam (Thiamethoxam 25% WG) 100gm
T8 Imidacloprid 7.5% + Lambda cyhalothrin 5% SL 110ml
T9 Control Water spray

The bio-efficacy effect of different spray schedule on cotton plant and the treatment wise yield data of cotton crop is summarized in the Table 5 and Table 6 below.

Table 5: The bio-efficacy effect of different spray schedule on Cotton plant
Treatment Aphid / leaf Jassids / leaf Thrips / leaf White fly / leaf
PT 1 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT PT 1 DAT 3
DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT PT 1 DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT PT 1
DAT 3 DAT 7 DAT 10 DAT
T1 4.80
(2.30) 0.60
(1.05) 0.80
(1.14) 1.20
(1.30) 1.25
(1.32) 3.20
(1.92) 0.75
(1.12) 1.00
(1.22) 1.33
(1.35) 1.67
(1.47) 6.10
(2.57) 1.50
(1.41) 1.67
(1.47) 2.10
(1.61) 2.20
(1.64) 2.33
(1.68) 0.33
(0.91) 0.50
(1.00) 1.00
(1.22) 1.50
(1.41)
T2 5.1
(2.37) 1.40
(1.38) 1.75
(1.50) 2.33
(1.68) 2.50
(1.73) 2.90
(1.84) 1.00
(1.22) 10.5
(3.32) 1.67
(1.47) 2.10
(1.61) 6.33
(2.61) 2.00
(1.58) 2.33
(1.68) 3.10
(1.90) 3.50
(2.00) 2.10
(1.61) 0.67
(1.08) 1.00
(1.22) 1.00
(1.22) 1.33
(1.35)
T3 4.83
(2.31) 1.33
(1.35) 1.67
(1.47) 2.10
(1.61) 2.67
(1.78) 3.33
(1.96) 1.00
(1.22) 1.5
(1.41) 1.67
(1.47) 2.40
(1.70) 6.50
(2.65) 2.30
(1.67) 2.75
(1.80) 3.10
(1.90) 3.50
(2.00) 2.25
(1.66) 1.80
(1.52) 2.10
(1.61) 2.75
(1.80) 3.25
(1.94)
T4 4.90
(2.32) 1.00
(1.22) 1.20
(1.30) 1.50
(1.41) 1.50
(1.41) 3.30
(1.95) 1.80
(1.52) 1.80
(1.52) 2.10
(1.61) 2.33
(1.68) 6.30
(2.61) 2.10
(1.61) 2.25
(1.66) 2.33
(1.68) 2.67
(1.78) 2.50
(1.73) 1.20
(1.30) 1.25
(1.32) 1.75
(1.50) 2.00
(1.58)
T5 5.0
(2.35) 2.50
(1.73) 2.85
(1.83) 3.15
(1.91) 3.67
(2.04) 3.10
(1.90) 2.00
(1.58) 2.33
(1.68) 3.10
(1.90) 4.20
(2.17) 6.10
(2.57) 3.50
(2) 4.50
(2.24) 5.33
(2.41) 6.00
(2.55) 2.40
(1.70) 2.10
(1.61) 2.33
(1.68) 3.10
(1.90) 3.80
(2.07)
T6 4.75
(2.29) 0.75
(1.12) 1.00
(1.22) 1.33
(1.35) 1.67
(1.47) 3.20
(1.92) 0.65
(1.07) 0.80
(1.14) 1.25
(1.32) 1.6
(1.45) 6.40
(2.63) 1.70
(1.48) 1.90
(1.55) 2.40
(1.70) 2.57
(1.75) 2.50
(1.73) 0.50
(1.00) 0.80
(1.14) 1.40
(1.38) 1.75
(1.50)
T7 4.80
(2.30) 2.10
(1.61) 2.33
(1.68) 2.60
(1.76) 3.15
(1.91) 3.00
(1.87) 1.45
(1.40) 1.67
(1.47) 2.10
(1.61) 2.55
(1.75) 6.00
(2.55) 2.75
(1.80) 2.90
(1.84) 3.50
(2.00) 4.10
(2.14) 2.30
(1.67) 1.67
(1.47) 2.00
(1.58) 2.67
(1.78) 3.10
(1.90)
T8 4.67
(2.27) 0.55
(1.02) 0.67
(1.08) 1.10
(1.26) 1.25
(1.32) 3.50
(2.00) 0.8
(1.14) 1.15
(1.28) 1.40
(1.38) 1.80
(1.52) 6.10
(2.57) 1.67
(1.47) 1.90
(1.55) 2.33
(1.68) 2.67
(1.78) 2.50
(1.73) 0.40
(0.95) 0.60
(1.05) 1.05
(1.24) 1.33
(1.35)
T9 5.10
(2.37) 5.40
(2.43) 6.75
(2.69) 8.20
(2.95) 9.25
(3.12) 3.20
(1.92) 3.67
(2.04) 5.80
(2.51) 7.33
(2.80) 8.70
(3.03) 6.33
(2.61) 7.15
(2.77) 8.67
(3.03) 10.15
(3.26) 12.67
(3.63) 2.33
(1.68) 3.00
(1.87) 4.20
(2.17) 3.70
(2.05) 6.33
(2.61)
SEm ± - 0.015 0.01 0.024 0.009
- 0.008 0.026 0.009 0.018
- 0.022 0.03 0.007 0.008
- 0.008 0.016 0.088 0.008
CD 5% NS 0.046 0.03 0.072 0.026 NS 0.024 0.078 0.028 0.055 NS 0.065 0.092 0.021 0.024 NS 0.02 0.049 0.266 0.024
* PT: Pre-treatment; DAT: Days after treatment; SEm ±: Standard Errors of Means; CD 5%: Critical Difference
* Value in Parentheses is v(x+0.5) transformed value.
Table 6: Treatment Wise Yield Data of Cotton Crop
Treatment Yield (kg/ha)
T1 (Imidacloprid 6% + Lambda cyhalothrin 4% SL) 518
T2 495
T3 487
T4 506
T5 465
T6 498
T7 472
T8 512
T9 426
SEm ± 2.41
CD 5% 7.22
*SEm ±: Standard Errors of Means; CD 5%: Critical Difference
The aforementioned trial results indicate that the imidacloprid 6% + lambda cyhalothrin 4% SL composition of present invention is most effective against all the target insects with almost negligible insects even after 10 DAT and better crop condition i.e. fresh green leaves with green color, strength of plant is good with better growth. Similar effects were found in the case of imidacloprid 7.5% + lambda cyhalothrin 5% SL composition and imidacloprid 5% + lambda cyhalothrin 3% SL composition. Lambda cyhalothrin 5% EC composition failed to show any effect.
From the foregoing it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitations with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. A synergistic insecticidal composition comprising imidacloprid and lambda cyhalothrin as active ingredients present in an effective amount.
2. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein imidacloprid is present in an amount of 5-10% w/w.
3. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein lambda cyhalothrin is present in an amount of 2.5-5% w/w.
4. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 3, wherein the synergistic insecticidal composition further comprises a plurality of copolymers, emulsifiers and solvents.
5. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 4, wherein the copolymers are present in an amount of 0.8-1% w/w.
6. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 5, wherein the copolymers are selected from polyvinyl polypyrrolidones alone or in combination thereof.
7. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 6, wherein the copolymer is preferably polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
8. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 7, wherein the emulsifiers are present in an amount of 6-8% w/w.
9. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 8, wherein the emulsifiers are preferably present in an amount of 8% w/w.
10. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 to 9, wherein the solvents are preferably polar aprotic solvents and selected from a group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and N-methyl pyrrolidone.

11. The synergistic insecticidal composition as claimed in the preceding claims, wherein the synergistic insecticidal composition is formulated as a Soluble Liquid (SL), Suspension Concentrate (SC), Wettable Powder (WP), Water Dispersible Granules (WDG), etc.