The present invention belongs to the field of pesticide containing heterocyclic
compounds. In particular, the invention provides synergistic insecticidal combination
comprising Clothianidin, Chlorantraniliprole and a UV Protectant that enables a
5 reduction in percent degradation of insecticide after exposure to the sunlight or
ultra violet radiation without affecting the synergistic activity of the insecticidal
combination.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The protection of crops and its produce from insect pest damage is essential in
10 agriculture produce enhancement. Chemical control by the use of various chemicals
and formulations is an important tool in agriculture for the prevention and control
of pests. Insecticides of many types and groups are reported in the literature and a
large number are in use, commercially, for control of pests in agriculture.
Clothianidin (Clothianidin), chemical name: E)-1-(the chloro-1,3-thiazoles-5-of 2-
15 ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine; Chemical molecular formula: C 6H 8Cl N 5 O 2S.
It is a neonicotinoid. Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that are chemically
similar to nicotine, which has been used as a pesticide since the late 1700s.
Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids act on the central nervous system of insects
as an agonist of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that stimulates nAChR,
20 targeting the same receptor site (AChR) and activating post-synaptic acetylcholine
receptors but not inhibiting AChE.
chlorantraniliprole, the bromo-N-[4-chloro-2-methyl-6-[(of chemical name: 3-
methyl-carbamoyl) benzene]-1-(3-chloropyridine-2-yl)-1-hydrogen-pyridine-5-
formamide. Chlorantraniliprole was developed world-wide by DuPont belonging to a
25 new class of selective insecticides featuring a novel mode of action to control a
range of pests belonging to the order Lepidoptera and some
other Coleoptera, Diptera and Isoptera species. Chlorantraniliprole opens
muscular calcium channels (in particular the ryanodine receptor), rapidly causing
paralysis and ultimately death of sensitive species. The differential selectivity
30 Chlorantraniliprole had towards insect ryanodine receptors explained the
3
outstanding profile of low mammalian toxicity. Chlorantraniliprole is active on
chewing pest insects primarily by ingestion and secondarily by contact.
Kojic acid is a fungal metabolic product produced by a few species of Aspergillus,
especially by A. oryzae, which has the Japanese common name koji. This acid is a by5 product in the fermentation process of malting rice, for use in the manufacturing of
sake, the Japanese rice wine.
Kojic acid was first isolated in 1907 by Saito from mycelia of A. oryzae grown on
steamed rice. In 1912 Yabuta gave it the name kojic acid, and only in 1924 he
deciphered the correct structure of the molecule of this acid. The major applications
10 of Kojic acid (KA) and its derivatives in medicine are based on their biocompatibility,
antimicrobial and antiviral, antitumor, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-speck, antiparasitic, and pesticidal and insecticidal properties. In addition, KA and its
derivatives are used as anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, radio
protective and skin-lightening agent in skin creams, lotions, soaps, and dental care
15 products. KA has the ability to act as a UV protector in plants and human beings.
Many pesticides are sensitive to sunlight and decompose upon exposure to sunlight.
The decomposition might already have taken place during storage or even more
after application to the environment. As a result, the pesticidal activity decreases,
higher amounts of pesticides have to be applied, the pesticides have to be applied in
20 shorter intervals, or eventually toxic degradation products are produced.
There is therefore a need in the art for combinations of insecticidal compounds with
UV arrestor compounds that help improve stability of insecticides and further
enhance the spectrum of control. With crop tolerances decreasing, lower use rates
being imposed and increasing resistance, there is a need for a combination of actives
25 that allows for broader disease control spectrum that combines curative and
preventive actives and has a lower dosage.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
It is an object of the present invention to provide an environmentally friendly pest
control composition comprising at least two active ingredients and a UV photo
30 degradation arrester derived from biological sources like microorganisms and plants.
4
Another object of the present invention is to provide combination of insecticides
that possess an enhanced efficacy over the individual active compounds used in
isolation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an insecticide combination and
5 a UV arrestor that causes an enhanced greening of the crops to which it is
administered.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combination that results
into reduced pest pressure in the crops to which it is applied.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combination that
10 achieves increased yield in the crops to which it is applied.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a combination which
enhances the protection to plants from attack or infestation by insects.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, in one aspect, the present invention provides a novel, stable,
15 synergistic, environmentally friendly, broad spectrum, economic and safer
combination of at least two insecticidal active ingredients and a UV photo
degradation and process for preparation thereof.
In yet another aspect, the present invention provides an insecticidal combination
comprising a first active ingredient being Clothianidin, second active ingredient
20 being Chlorantraniliprole, and a photo degradation arrester, wherein said UV photo
degradation arrester is selected from the group consisting of kojic acid, TEPA(Tetra
ethyl pentaamine)and DABCO (1,4-Diazabicyclo [2.2.2] octane) which arrests the
photo degradation of the formulation and increases the efficacy of the formulation
for a duration of up to 8 to120 hours.
25 It is yet another object of the present invention to provide a pesticidal composition
that is effective in controlling target insects in Rice crop.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Those skilled in the art will be aware that the invention described herein is subject
to variations and modifications other than those specifically described. It is to be
5
understood that the invention described herein includes all such variations and
modifications. The invention also includes all such steps, features, compositions and
compounds referred to or indicated in this specification, individually or collectively,
and all combinations of any two or more of said steps or features.
5 Unless otherwise specified, all terms used in disclosing the invention, including
technical and scientific terms, have the meaning as commonly understood by one of
the ordinary skill in the art to which the invention belongs. For further guidance,
term definitions may be included to better appreciate the teaching of the present
invention.
10 As used herein, the term “plant” refers to any plant or part thereof including serial
and subterranean parts of the plant. It is contemplated that the parts of the plant
may be for example, flowers, fruits or vegetables, shoots, leaves, needles, stalks,
stems, fruiting bodies, seeds also roots and that parts of the plants may or may not
be attached to the remainder of the plant.
15 The term ‘disease control’ as used herein denotes control and prevention of a
disease. Controlling effects include all deviation from natural development, for
example: killing, retardation, decrease of the pests. The term ‘plants’ refers to all
physical parts of a plant, including seeds, seedlings, saplings, roots, tubers, stems,
stalks, foliage and fruits.
20 The term “locus” of a plant as used herein is intended to embrace the place on
which the plants are growing, where the plant propagation materials of the plants
are sown or where the plant propagation materials of the plants will be placed into
the soil. The term “plant propagation material” is understood to denote generative
parts of a plant, such as seeds, vegetative material such as cuttings or tubers, roots,
25 fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes and parts of plants, germinated plants and young
plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the
soil. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or
partial treatment by immersion.
It is to be understood that the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural
30 referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
6
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may
be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments
and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term “comprises/comprising” when used in this
5 specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, steps or
components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
features, steps, components or groups thereof.
The term "insects" as used herein, includes all organisms in the class "Insecta."
The term "insecticidal" as used herein, refers to the ability of a pesticide to increase
10 mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects.
The terms “weight percent”, “wt-%”, “percent by weight”, “% by weight” and
variations thereof, as used herein, refer to the concentration of a substance as the
weight of that substance divided by the total weight of the composition and
multiplied by 100. It is understood that, as used here, “percent “, “%” and the like
15 are intended to be synonymous with “weight percent”, “wt. %”, etc.
The present invention provides an insecticidal composition comprising a)
Clothianidin as the first active ingredient b) Chlorantraniliprole as the second active
ingredient and c) Kojic acid as a UV photo degradation arrester, wherein Clothianidin
is present in an amount ranging from 5-20% w/w, Chlorantraniliprole is present in an
20 amount ranging from 4-12% w/w and Kojic acid is present in an amount ranging
from 0.1 to 4% the insecticidal composition. In a preferred embodiment,
Clothianidin is present in an amount of 10% w/w, Chlorantraniliprole is present in an
amount of 06% w/w and Kojic acid is present in an amount of 02% w/w of the
insecticidal composition.
25 In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention comprising
the said actives exhibits synergistic effect in control of insects in agricultural crops,
particularly in Rice crop.
In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present invention further
comprises at least one agriculturally acceptable excipient. In an embodiment, the at
7
least one excipient is selected from the group consisting of at least a wetting agent,
at least a dispersing agent, at least a defoaming agent, at least a binder, at least a
suitable carrier, and combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the
insecticidal composition is in the form of a wettable granule formulation further
5 comprising at least a wetting agent, at least a dispersing agent, at least a defoaming
agent, at least a binder, and at least a suitable carrier.
In an embodiment, the at least a dispersing agent is selected from the group
comprising sodium lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonateformaldehyde condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates
10 and esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers. In a preferred
embodiment, the at least a dispersing agent is sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate
condensate. The at least a dispersing agent weight concentration in said insecticidal
composition is in the range of 3-8%w/w
In an embodiment, the at least a wetting agent is selected from the group consisting
15 of blend of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium laurel sulphate, and
combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the at least a wetting agent is
sodium laurel sulphate. The at least a wetting agent weight concentration in said
insecticidal composition is in the range of 1-5% w/w.
In an embodiment, the at least an anti-foaming is selected from the group consisting
20 of silicone emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organic fluorine compounds,
and combinations thereof. The at least an anti-foaming agent weight concentration
in said insecticidal composition is in the range of 0.2-1%w/w.
In an embodiment, the at least a carrier is selected from the group consisting of
dextrose, lactose, soluble starch, galactose, amylodextrin, ammonium sulfate,
25 maltose, mannitol, sucrose, sorbitol, china clay, and combinations thereof.
In an embodiment, the insecticidal composition is formulated in a form selected
from the group comprising water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable
concentrates (EC), emulsions (EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates
(SC), oil-based suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water30 dispersible granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP),
8
water soluble powders (SP), granules (GR), encapsulated granules (CG), fine granules
(FG), macrogranules (GG), dry flowables (DF), aqueous Suspo-emulsions (SE),
capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG). In a preferred embodiment, the
insecticidal composition is in the form of suspension concentrates (SC), water5 dispersible granule (WDG) and wettable powder (WP).
In a more preferred embodiment, the insecticidal composition of the present
invention is formulated in the form of water dispersible granule (WDG) comprising a
wetting agent, a dispersing agent, a defoaming agent, a binder, and a suitable
carrier.
10 The present invention also provides a process of preparing a Insecticidal
composition comprising a) Clothianidin b) chlorantraniliprole and c) kojic acid
wherein Clothianidin propargyl is present in an amount ranging from 5-20% w/w
Chlorantraniliprole is present in an amount ranging from 4-12% w/w and Kojic acid
is present in an amount ranging from .1-4%% w/w of the Insecticidal composition; as
15 a water-dispersible formulation, said process comprising: (1) preparing a blend of
clothianidin, chlorantraniliprole, Kojic acid , and suitable agriculturally acceptable
excipients to obtain a first pre-mix; (2) grinding the first pre-mix by jet-milling to
obtain a second pre-mix having mean particle size of less than 10 microns; (3)
preparing a dough from the second pre-mix; (4) subjecting the second pre-mix to an
20 extruder to obtain granules; and (5) drying the granules to obtain the waterdispersible formulation.
EXAMPLES
The examples below are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of the present invention, as many variations thereof are
25 possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1: Preparation of insecticidal composition as Emulsion concentrates (EC)
Table 1 below provides the insecticidal composition as described in the present
specification, formulated as a Emulsion concentrates (EC)
Table 1(a) Composition of the insecticidal composition (CI 6102EC)
9
Ingredient Percentage w/w
Chlorantraniliprole technical (Basis of
100%)
06.00%
Clothianidin technical (Basis of 100%) 10.00%
Kojic acid (Basis of 100%) 02.00% w/w
PPG (Poly Propylene glycol) 04.00% w/w
(A) Non-ionic/Anionic surfactant
emulsifier (A: Blend of sulphonated
and ethoxylated hydrocarbons)
(B: Blend of sulphonated and
ethoxylated hydrocarbons)
12.00 %
NMP 25.00%
DMSO 15.00%
C-9 Q.S to make
Total 100.00 w/w
Preparation method of EC:
The desired quantity of the chlorantraniliprole were weighed and dissolved in DMSO
and NMP (full forms?). Clothianidin and kojic acid were added in the mixture slowly
followed by adding C-9 solvent into it. The mixture was then subjected to mixing
5 vessel and mixed it for 30 min at the rate 1000 rpm. Then the mixture was then
checked for quality parameters.
The EC formulation as described above in Table 1(a) was tested for the below
mentioned quality parameters as listed.
Table 1(c): Quality parameters of EC formulation
10
Parameter Desired quality
Description/ physical appearance The material is emulsion form.
A.I. Content- Chlorantraniliprole -6.0% (+ 10 & -05)
Clothianidin -17% (+5 & -05)
Kojic acid -0.53% (+10 &-05)
PH range 6.0 to 8.0
Emulsion stability Emulsion remains stable after 60 min
Persistent foam 60 ml after 1 min
Acidity as H2SO4 0.5% max
Example 2: Preparation of insecticidal composition as Wettable dispersible
granules (CI 6012 WDG)
Table 2(a) below provides a insecticidal composition as described in the present
specification, formulated as a Wettable Dispersible granules (WDG)
5 Table 2(a) Composition of the insecticidal composition (CI 6102 WDG)
Ingredient Tentative percentage w/w
Chlorantraniliprole Technical (basis of
100%)
06.00 m/m
Clothianidin technical (basis of 100%) 10% m/m
Kojic acid (100% basis) 02.00% m/m
Sodium bi-carbonate 01.00% m/m
Citric acid 00.50% m/m
11
Ingredient Tentative percentage w/w
Dispersing agent (Sodium salt of
naphthalene sulfonate condensate )
05.00% m/m
Wetting agent (Sodium laurel sulphate) 02.00% m/m
Antifoam 00.05% m/m
PPT Silica 05.00% m/m
China clay QS to make % m/m
Total Quantity 100.00% m/m
Preparation method of WDG
The desired quantity of the active ingredients and excipients were weighed and
mixed in a blender. The mixture was then subjected to grinding through a jet mill
and grinding was carried out until a mean particle size of below 10 micron was
5 obtained. After grinding, the homogenous mix was again put in a blender and a
dough was prepared by dough mixer. After this step, granules were prepared by
carrying the dough through an extruder. The granules thus prepared were then
dried by using hot air or and oven. The dried granules were then checked for quality
parameters.
10 The WDG formulation as described above in Table 2(a) was tested for the below
mentioned quality parameters as listed.
Table 2(b): Quality parameters of WDG formulation
Parameter Desired quality
Description/ physical
appearance
The material should consist of dry, free flowing
granules, which should wet on mixing with water,
thereby resulting into a solution suitable for
12
Example 3: Field evaluation of the bio efficacy of the present insecticidal
composition
The presently disclosed insecticidal trimix (coded as CI-6102 WG) was tested for its
5 bioefficacy against Insects on Rice crop and variety Pusa -44. The plants were aligned
in a plot size of 50 sq. meter, with the spacing of 10 cm between individual crop
plants and a spacing of 10 cm between the rows. The trial was laid out in a random
block design consisting of a total of 9 treatments in three replications. The trial was
conducted at a temp. of 35℃ under 70% relative humidity, no winds and under
10 optimum soil moisture conditions. The application of the insecticidal trimix was
carried out after 25th
and 50th
day of transplanting. For conducting the application
1
st brood of the stem borer was required.
Measured quantity of the chemical was added to required volume of water @ 375
lit. /ha for spray. The spray tank was filled with ½ the quantity of clean required
15 volume of water and then the measured chemical (according to the dose) was added
followed by the rest half quantity of water. The solution was stirred well before
application. Knapsack sprayer fitted with boom along with flood jet nozzle was used
to apply the insecticidal solution.
spray.
The material shall be free from visible extraneous
matter
A.I. Content- Chlorantraniliprole -6 % m/m ((±5%)
Clothianidin -10%% m/m (+5, -3%)
Kojic acid -2% m/m(+5, -3%)
Wettability Max. for 120 secs
Suspensibility Min 60%
Acidity as H2SO4 0.5% max
13
Table 3(a) below provides the treatment details of the Rice crop in the trial
experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has
been represented by the code “CI-6102 WG”.
Treat Treatment details Dose a.i./hectare Dose/hectare
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 + 10 500
T-3 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 + 12.5 625
T-4 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 + 15 750
T-5 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 500
T-6 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 625
T-7 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 750
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 250
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC 69.37 375
Note: CI-6102 WG (Clothianidin 10% + Chlorantraniliprole 06% + Kojic acid 2% WG
5 CI-6102 WG (Clothianidin 10% + Chlorantraniliprole 06% WG
Table 3(b) below provides the treatment details of the Rice crop in the trial
experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has
been represented by the code “CI-0741WG”.
Treat Treatment details Dose a.i./hectare Dose/hectare
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 CI--0741 WG 35 + 20 + 5 500
14
Treat Treatment details Dose a.i./hectare Dose/hectare
T-3 CI--0741 WG 43.75 + 25 + 6.25 625
T-4 CI--0741 WG 52.5 + 30 + 7.5 750
T-5 CI--0704 WG 35 + 20 500
T-6 CI--0704 WG 43.75 + 25 625
T-7 CI--0704 WG 52.5 + 30 750
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 250
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC 69.37 375
Note
CI--0741 WG (Clothianidin 07 % + Chlorantraniliprole 04% + Kojic acid 1% WG
CI--0704 WG (Clothianidin 07% + Chlorantraniliprole 04% WG
Table 3(c) below provides the treatment details of the Rice crop in the trial
5 experiment conducted. For purposes of convenience, the present composition has
been represented by the code “CI-1483WG”.
Treat Treatment details Dose a.i./hectare Dose/hectare
T-1 Untreated - -
T-2 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 + 15 500
T-3 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 + 18.75 625
T-4 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 + 22.5 750
T-5 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 500
T-6 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 625
15
T-7 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 750
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 250
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50 SC 69.37 375
Note
Sample-1 CI-1483 WG (Clothianidin 14 % + Chlorantraniliprole 08% + Kojic acid 3%
WG
Sample-2 CI-1408 WG (Clothianidin 14% + Chlorantraniliprole 08% WG
5 EVALUATION OF BIO-EFFICACY IN RICE CROP
Stem borer count: The number of counts were conducted on dead hearts from
whole plot of each treatment at 20 days after 1st and 2nd application
Stem borer control: The percent stem borer control was determined based on no. of
live dead hearts at 20 days after 1st and 20 days after second application as per
10 following:
Percent Insect control = IC – IT
…………. × 100
IC
Where IC = No. of Dead hearts in control plot
15 WT = No. of Dead hearts in treated plot
Table 4(a) Effect of insecticidal treatment on stem borer at 20 Days after 1st and 2nd
application
Treatments
Dose
(a.i./ha)
Dead hearts and Percent control over
Untreated (Average 10 Hills/Treatments)
20 DA1A % Control 20 DA2A % Control
Untreated - 55.5 - 70.0 -
16
Treatments
Dose
(a.i./ha)
Dead hearts and Percent control over
Untreated (Average 10 Hills/Treatments)
20 DA1A % Control 20 DA2A % Control
CI-6102 WG
(Treat -1)
50 + 30 + 10 7.5 74.77 19.0 72.85
CI-6102 WG
(Treat -2)
62.5 + 37.5 + 12.5 4.5 78.37 18.0 74.28
CI-6102 WG
(Treat -3)
75 + 45 + 15 4.0 81.98 16.0 77.14
CI-6102 WG
(Treat-4)
50 + 30 16.0 71.17 17.0 75.71
CI-6102 WG
(Treat-5)
62.5 + 37.5 12.0 78.37 13.0 81.42
CI-6102WG
(Treat-6)
75 + 45 9.0 83.78 11.0 84.28
Clothianidin 50
WDG
125 15.5 72.07 18.0 70.0
Chlorantraniliprol
e 18.50 SC
69.37 8.5 84.68 10.5 85.0
Table 4(a) shows the graphical representation of the percent control achieved at 21
days after various treatments T1-T-7 for the Dead hearts. T2 (62.5 + 37.5 + 12.5) gm
a.i per hectare showing maximum percent control of Rice stem borer.
No plant phytotoxicity was observed in case of CI-6102 WG. Data is shown in below
5 tables 4(b):
17
This dose represents the recommended dosages of each of Clothianidin,
chloratraniliprole, and Kojic acid respectively. It is to be understood that under
regulatory conditions, the dosage amount of each of Clothianidin, chloratraniliprole,
and Kojic acid is not to be exceeded in real-world application.
5 Example 4: Evaluation of phytotoxicity of the present insecticidal composition
Visual observations were recorded at 3, 7 and 10 days after application (DAA) of
testing products. The parameters observed were leaf injury on tip/surface, necrosis,
vein clearing, epinasty, hyponasty and wilting. The score scale (1-10) followed for
leaf injury on tips/surface is given below in Table …
10 Phytotoxicity symptoms scoring and rating for leaf injury on tip/surface
15
20 Phytotoxicity studies:
Leaf injury on tips/surface Rating
0-10% 1
11-20% 2
21-30% 3
31-40% 4
41-50% 5
51-60% 6
61-70% 7
71-80% 8
81-90% 9
91-100% 10
18
Table-4(b): Study conducted to assess the phytotoxic effect after various treatments
on soyabean crop at 3 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 3 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 + 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 +
12.5
0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 3 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
5 W-wilting
Table-4 (c): Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 7 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
19
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 + 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 +
12.5
0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole
18.50 SC
69.37 3 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Table-4(d) Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 10 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 10 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 + 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 +
12.5
0 0 0 0 0 0
20
T-4 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 3 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Example 5
5 Bio efficacy studies with CI-0741 WG (Clothianidin 07% + Chlorantraniliprole 14% +
Kojic acid 1% WG)
In further trials, the insecticidal combination was tested at varied percent active
ingredient (a.i.) content. Effect of insecticidal treatment on stem borer at 20 days
after application was tested for CI- 0741 WG comprising Clothianidin 07% w/w +
10 Chlorantraniliprole 14% w/w + Kojic acid 1% w/w
Table- 5(a)Effect of Insecticide treatment on stem borer at 20 days after 1st and 2nd
Application -CI-0741 WG
Treatments
Dose
(a.i./ha)
Dead hearts and Percent control over
Untreated (Average 10 Hills/Treatments)
20 DA1A %
Control
20 DA2A %
Control
Untreated - 55.5 - 70.0 -
21
Treatments
Dose
(a.i./ha)
Dead hearts and Percent control over
Untreated (Average 10 Hills/Treatments)
20 DA1A %
Control
20 DA2A %
Control
CI-0741 WG 35 + 20 + 5 14 74.77 19.0 72.85
CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 +
6.25
12 78.37 18.0 74.28
CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 + 7.5 10.0 81.98 16.0 77.14
CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 22.0 60.36 29.0 58.57
CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 19.0 65.76 27.0 61.42
CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 18.0 67.56 25.0 64.28
Clothianidin 50
WDG
125 15.5 72.07 18.0 70.0
Chlorantraniliprole
18.50 SC
69.37 8.5 84.68 10.5 85.0
As seen in Table 5(a) showing maximum percent of control of Rice stem borer in CI0741 WG @ 43.75 + 25 + 62.5 gm a.i per hectare with no phytoxicity (Shown in the
below table)
Table-5(b) Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 3 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 3 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
22
T-2 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 + 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 +
6.25
0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 + 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Table- 5 c Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 7 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 + 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 + 6.25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 + 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
23
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
T-6 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Table-5.d Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 10 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 10 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 + 5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 +
6.25
0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 + 7.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI -0741 WG 35 + 20 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI -0741 WG 43.75 + 25 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI -0741 WG 52.5 + 30 0 0 0 0 0 0
24
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
Example 6
insecticidal treatment on stem borer at 20 days after 1st and 2nd application was
tested for CI 1483 WG comprising clothianidin 14% + Chlorantraniliprole 08% + Kojic
5 acid 03% WG
Table-6.a: Effect of Insecticide treatment on stem borer at 20 days after 1st and 2nd
Application
Treatments
Dose
(a.i./ha)
Dead hearts and Percent control over
Untreated (Average 10 Hills/Treatments)
20 DA1A %
Control
20 DA2A % Control
Untreated - 55.5 - 70.0 -
CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 + 15 4.5 91.89 8.5 87.85
CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 +
18.75
4.0 92.79 7.5 89.28
CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 + 22.5 3.0 94.59 7.0 90.00
CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 12.0 78.37 14.0 80.00
CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 10.0 81.98 12.0 82.85
CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 8.0 85.58 9.0 87.14
25
Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 15.5 72.07 18.0 70.0
Chlorantraniliprole
18.50 SC
69.37 8.5 84.68 10.5 85.0
As seen in Table 6 a showing maximum percent of control of Rice stem borer in CI1483 WG @ 87.5 + 50 + 18.75 gm a.i per hectare gm a.i per hectare with
phytotoxicity in higher doses (Shown in the below table ) .
Table-6. b Example-1 Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 3
5 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 3 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 + 15 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 +
18.75
1 1 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 + 22.5 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50
WDG
125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole
18.50 SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
26
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Table-6. c Example-2 Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 7
DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 + 15 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 + 18.75 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 + 22.5 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Table-6. d Example-3 Phytotoxic effect of various treatments on Rice crop after 10
DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 10 DAA
27
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 + 18.75 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 + 22.5 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-1483 WG 70 + 40 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-1483 WG 87.5 + 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-7 CI-1483 WG 105 + 60 1 1 0 0 0 0
T-8 Clothianidin 50 WDG 125 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-9 Chlorantraniliprole 18.50
SC
69.37 0 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
Example -7: Phytotoxicity of 2 different formulations (CI-6102 WG & CI-6102 EC)
5 Table-7. a Example-1 Phytotoxic effect of 2 different formulations of CI-6102 WG &
CI-6102 EC on Rice crop after 3 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 3 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 50 + 30 + 10 0 0 0 0 0 0
28
T-3 CI-6102 WG 62.5 + 37.5 + 12.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-6102 WG 75 + 45 + 15 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 EC 50 + 30 + 10 1 3 1 1 0 0
T-6 CI-6102 EC 62.5 + 37.5 + 12.5 3 3 1 1 0 0
T-7 CI-6102 EC 75 + 45 + 15 3 3 1 1 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
As seen in Table 11, the trimix of the present invention in WG form preferably shows
5 no phytotoxic effect on rice crop as compared to EC form, which shows moderate
phytotoxicity in terms of necrosis, and measurable phytotoxicity to leaf tips, and
veins, suggesting that the WG formulation is safer and suitable for application as
compared to EC formulation
Table-7. b Example-1 Phytotoxic effect of 2 different formulations of CI-6102 WG &
10 CI-6102 EC on Rice crop after 7 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 72 + 132 + 8.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-6102 WG 78 + 143 + 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-6102 WG 84 + 154 +9.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 EC 72 + 132 + 8.4 1 3 1 1 0 0
29
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 7 DAA
L N V E H W
T-6 CI-6102 EC 78 + 143 + 9.1 3 3 1 1 0 0
T-7 CI-6102 EC 84 + 154 +9.8 3 3 1 1 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
As seen in Table … the trimix of the present invention in WG form preferably shows
5 no phytotoxic effect compared to EC form, which across all dosages shows moderate
phytotoxicity in terms of necrosis and leaf tip damage, while measurable damage to
veins, suggesting that the WG formulation is safer and suitable for application
compared to EC formulation
Table-7. c Example-1 Phytotoxic effect of 2 different formulations of CI-6102 WG &
10 CI-6102 EC on Rice crop after 10 DAA
Treatments Treatment details Dose/hectare 10 DAA
L N V E H W
T-1 Untreated - - - - - - -
T-2 CI-6102 WG 72 + 132 + 8.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-3 CI-6102 WG 78 + 143 + 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-4 CI-6102 WG 84 + 154 +9.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-5 CI-6102 EC 72 + 132 + 8.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
T-6 CI-6102 EC 78 + 143 + 9.1 0 0 0 0 0 0
30
T-7 CI-6102 EC 84 + 154 +9.8 1 0 0 0 0 0
DAA – Days after application,
L- Leaf injury on tips/surface, N-Necrosis, V- Vein clearing, E- Epinasty, H- Hyponasty,
W-wilting
As seen in Table7.(c), the trimix of the present invention in WG form preferably
5 shows no phytotoxic effect compared to EC form, which across all dosages shows
measurable phytotoxicity as evaluated by leaf injury to tips/surface, necrosis and
vein clearing, suggesting that the WG formulation is safer and suitable for
application compared to EC formulation.
Overall, the present invention provides an insecticidal trimix composition comprising
10 the actives a) Clothianidin as the first active ingredient b) Chlorantraniliprole as the
second active ingredient and c) Kojic acid as the UV photo degradation arrester ,
wherein clothianidin is present in an amount ranging from 1-25% w/w,
Chlorantraniliprole is present in an amount ranging from 5-45% w/w and Kojic acid is
present in an amount ranging from 1-30% w/w, which exhibits surprising and
15 unexpected synergism/functional interrelationship especially when applied to Rice
crop for control of insects. The net combined effect of the trimix is better than the
effect of each of the actives if they were to be applied concurrently at the
recommended dosages. The same is evidenced from the data presented herein,
where the total concentration of the actives in the trimix composition is significantly
20 less than the concentration of actives if they were to be applied as per
recommended dosages. Furthermore, as per the trial data, a WG formulation of the
claimed composition shows better safety profile than EC.

I/We Claim:
1. An insecticidal composition comprising a) Clothianidin as first active
ingredient b) Chlorantraniliprole as second active ingredient and c) Kojic
acid as UV photodegradation arrester, wherein Clothianidin is present in an
5 amount ranging from 5-20% w/w, Chlorantraniliprole is present in an
amount ranging from 4-12% w/w and Kojic acid is present in an amount
ranging from 0.1-4%w/w of the insecticidal composition.
2. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at
least one agriculturally acceptable excipient.
10
3. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein said insecticidal
composition is formulated in a form selected from the group consisting of
water-soluble concentrates (SL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), emulsions
(EW), micro-emulsions (ME), Suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based
15 suspension concentrates (OD), flowable suspensions (FS), water-dispersible
granules (WG), water-soluble granules (SG), wettable powders (WP), water
soluble powders (SP), dry flowables (DF), granules (GR), encapsulated
granules (CG), fine granules (FG), macrogranules (GG), aqueous Suspoemulsions (SE), capsule suspensions (CS) and microgranules (MG).
20 4. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein said insecticidal
composition is in the form of wettable granule (WG) formulation.
5. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 4, wherein said insecticidal
composition further comprises at least a wetting agent, at least a
dispersing agent, at least a defoaming agent.
25 6. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least a
dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of sodium
lignosulphonates, sodium naphthalene sulphonate- formaldehyde
condensates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates and
esters, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymers, and
32
combinations thereof; and wherein said at least a dispersing agent is
present in an amount ranging from 3-8% w/w of the insecticidal
composition.
7. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least a
5 wetting agent is selected from the group consisting of blend of alkyl
naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium laurel sulphate, and
combinations thereof; and wherein said wetting agent is present in an
amount ranging from 1-5% w/w of the insecticidal composition.
8. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein said at least an
10 defoaming agent is selected from the group consisting of silicone
emulsions, long-chain alcohols, fatty acids, organic fluorine compounds,
and combinations thereof; and wherein said at least a defoaming agent is
present in an amount ranging from 0.2-1% w/w of the insecticidal
composition.
15 9. The insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein clothianidin is
present in an amount of 10% w/w, Chlorantraniliprole is present in an
amount of 6% w/w and Kojic acid is present in an amount of 2% w/w of the
insecticidal composition.
10. A method for controlling insects in rice, said method comprising treating
20 rice crop with an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1.
11. A process for preparing an insecticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 as
a water-dispersible formulation, said process comprising:
a. preparing a blend of clothianidin, Chlorantraniliprole, Kojic acid,
and suitable agriculturally acceptable excipients to obtain a first
25 pre-mix;
b. grinding the first pre-mix by jet-milling to obtain a second pre-mix
having mean particle size of less than 10 microns;
c. preparing a dough from the second pre-mix;
33
d. subjecting the second pre-mix to an extruder to obtain granules;
and
e. drying the granules to obtain the water-dispersible formulation.