Claims:CLAIMS
We claim;
[CLAIM 1]. A synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition comprising:
a. Emamectin benzoate present in amount of 0.1% - 20% w/w;
b. an active ingredient selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof present in amount of 0.1% - 30% w/w;
c. Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (modified trisiloxane), a super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is present in an amount of 1% to 10% w/w;
d. carrier selected from pongamia oil or palm oil or jojoba oil or combination thereof or blend with vegetable oil present in an amount of 10% to 80% w/w; and
one or more formulation excipients.

[CLAIM 2]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein combination of active ingredient is selected from Emamectin benzoate+Insecticide; or Emamectin benzoate +Insecticide A+Insecticide B.

[CLAIM 3]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide
from class of Mesoionic is selected from triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz, fenmezoditiaz;
from class of Benzoylureas is selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron;
from class of Diacylhydrazines is selected from methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide;
from class of Oxadiazines is selected from indoxacarb;
from class of Semicarbazones is selected from metaflumizone;
from class of Diamides is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, fluchlordiniliprole;
from class of Metadiamides is selected from broflanilide, cyproflanilide;
from class of Isoxazolines is selected from fluxametamide, isocycloseram, afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, sarolaner;
from class of uncertain mode of action is selected from azadirachtin, benzpyrimoxan, pyridalyl, oxazosulfyl, dimpropyridaz, fluhexafon, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, acyonapyr.

[CLAIM 4]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1-claim 3, wherein preferred combinations of active ingredients in the agrochemical composition comprises:
i. Emamectin benzoate 2.4 % + Chlorantraniliprole 10 %;
ii. Emamectin benzoate 3 % + Broflanilide 4%;
iii. Emamectin benzoate 3 % + Fluxametamide 4%;
iv. Emamectin benzoate 1.6 % + Cyantraniliprole 8%;
v. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Cyclaniliprole 12%;
vi. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Tetraniliprole 12%;
vii. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Flubendiamide 15%;
viii. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Isocycloseram 16%;
ix. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Tetrachlorantraniliprole 15%;
x. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Tyclopyrazoflor 16 %;
xi. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Cyhalodiamide 15 %;
xii. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Fluchlordiniliprole 15 %;
xiii. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Cyproflanilide 20 %;
xiv. Emamectin benzoate 4 % + Dichloromezotiaz 20 %;
xv. Emamectin benzoate 1.6 % + Indoxacarb 10 %;
xvi. Emamectin benzoate 1.2 % + Chlorantraniliprole 4 % + Methoxyfenozide 18 %;
xvii. Emamectin benzoate 1.2% +Chlorantraniliprole 4 % + Novaluron 8 %;
xviii. Emamectin benzoate 1.2 % + Chlorantraniliprole 4 % + Chlorfluazuron 8 %;
xix. Emamectin benzoate 1.2 % + Chlorantraniliprole 4 % + Lambda cyhalothrin 5 %;
xx. Emamectin benzoate 1.2 % + Chlorantraniliprole 4 % + Thiamethoxam 8 %.

[CLAIM 5]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein oil phase as a carrier/solvent is selected from pongamia oil; or palm oil; or pongamia oil and palm oil; or pongamia oil and jojoba oil; or palm oil and jojoba oil; or pongamia oil and vegetable oil; or paml oil and vegetable oil; or pongamia oil and palm oil and vegetable oil; and alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified forms thereof selected from methyl ester of karanj oil, methyl ester of palm oil, methyl ester of karanj oil and soybean oil, methyl ester of palm oil and corn oil, methyl ester of palm oil and rapeseed oil.

[CLAIM 6]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein vegetable oil may be selected from one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, Corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, Papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, Tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, Olive (Olea europaea) oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Garlic acid (Allium sativum), Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), D-limonene, Citronella oil or Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil.

[CLAIM 7]. Thre synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein formulation excipients are selected from category of emulsifying agent present in amount of 5% - 30% w/w; dispersing agent present in amount of 1 % - 20% w/w; stabilizer present in amount of 0.1% - 4 % w/w; antifoaming agent present in amount of 0.01% - 2 % w/w; preservative present in amount of 0.1% - 4 % w/w; anti-freezing agent present in amount of 0.5% - 10 % w/w; buffering agents present in amount of 0.1% - 4 % w/w and optionally a coolvent.

[CLAIM 8]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein an emulsifying agent is selected from castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

[CLAIM 9]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein dispersing agent is selected from Preparation of condensed naphthalene sulfonate, Propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether (ethylhexanol), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, acrylic copolymer blend, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.

[CLAIM 10]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein stabilizer is selected from hectorite clay, aluminium magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, silicon dioxide, attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 11]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethylsiloxane, polydimethyl siloxane.

[CLAIM 12]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein anti-freezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Propylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

[CLAIM 13]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein Preservative is selected from 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.

[CLAIM 14]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein buffering agent is selected Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.

[CLAIM 15]. The synergistic Oil Dispersion agrochemical composition as claimed in claim 7, wherein cosolvent is selected from Cyclohexanone, Acetophenone, NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidinone), Dimethyl sulfoxide, Benzyl alcohol, Butanol, N-octanol, N-Propanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, Tetrahydro furfuryl alcohol, Isophorone, Fatty acid dimethyl amide, 2- hexylethyl lactate, Propylene carbonate present in amount of 2%-15% w/w.

Dated this 28th day of July 2021
, Description:FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a synergistic agrochemical composition. More particularly the present invention relates to a synergistic Oil Dispersion composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof. The present invention further relates to selection of suitable formulation excipients, process of preparation of the said oil dispersion formulation and its application in the field of agriculture.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
These days cultivation of crops and agriculture in general is cost intensive. Receiving a high yield from the cultivated crops is a key. Hence, to achieve higher yield, protecting crops from pests and diseases is vital. Hence, the most effective way to control crop pests and diseases is the application of pesticides in accordance with the appropriate management practices with proper formulation thereof.
Treating plants with such a pesticides and plant health additives or combination thereof in appropriate formulation helps to reduce the crops/plants damage. Another advantage of treating the plants with the said combination is the improvement in plant growth overall plant health and increase in the crop yield.
Various kinds of agrochemical formulations are developed based upon active ingredients and scope of application thereof. Pesticides for agriculture purpose are available both in the pure form and as well as incorporated into agrochemical formulations, which typically comprise one or more active ingredients (AIs) and additional excipients substances that enhance the effects and facilitate the application thereof, such as carriers, adjuvants or additives. These formulations can be directly applied onto the crops or, more commonly, are applied after being diluted and the spray mixture formed. The formulation type to be used is primarily defined on the basis of physicochemical characteristics of the AI(s) and can be: soluble concentrate (SL), emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate (SC), suspo-emulsion (SE), micro-emulsion (ME), oil dispersion (OD) or suspension concentrate (SC), dispersible concentrate (DC), capsule suspension (CS), dispersible granules (WG), wettable powder (WP) and others.
The various types of agrochemical formulations are the result of the existence of a large variety of AIs of different chemical natures. For example, a water soluble AI can be easily included into a water based SL while a high melting, water insoluble AI is commonly found in the form of a EC (Emulsifiable concentrate). For this reason, agrochemical formulations are distinct and can contain different inert components.
In recent years, OD (Oil Dispersion) formulations have been the subject of studies by companies and formulators because of their advantages with respect to the agronomic performance in the field as compared with conventional formulations. Active ingredients (AIs) formulated in different types of formulations usually exhibit different physicochemical characteristics based on type of formulation they are incorporated in. The different performance between them is due to the fact that ODs already contain in their composition oil, such as a mineral or vegetable oil, and emulsifiers, which can act as penetration adjuvants when applied in the field. Penetration adjuvants aid in the absorption of AIs by the plant and, in the case of some conventional formulations, they are used in association with the formulation in the spray mixture, ensuring agronomical effectiveness of the AI. Thus, OD formulations can be deemed “adjuvanted” formulations and do not require additional associated adjuvants to be applied in the field.
Though OD formulation is called as adjuvated formulation it still requires various adjuvants along with formulation excipients. OD formulation presents several challenges in the process of manufacturing and developing stable and effective formulation with choice of proper formulation excipient or adjuvants. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. There were several development and research done in the field of formulation development of Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation. Dispersion and activation of active ingredients is the key to the stability of the formulation over time. Solvents or carrier used as a petroleum based or the aromatic solvent we replaced by the solvents in the form of vegetable oils. Vegetable oils application as a formulation excipients in OD formulation further have their own challenges for stable formulation due to stability issue associated with vegetable oil used and corresponding active ingredient. Although various research has been done in formulation development it has got many draw backs as having high dose of active ingredients and thereby maximizing the pesticidal load into the environment. Many OD formulations has less thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; increases the toxicity hazards to the applicators and thereby decreasing the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides. Further some OD formulation with less suitable formulation excipients may lead to have less leaf penetration of spray droplets, and increases evaporation loss and minimize the absorption of active ingredients.
Therefore there is further need and scope in the formulation development of the OD formulation comprising one or more active ingredients with better stability profile and increases the synergistic effect of the active ingredients, reduces the toxicity with less introduction of toxic material in environment, which may reduce the dose of the pesticides and eventually produce less chemicals in environment, with better safety profile for contact pesticides.
AU2010220503B2 relates to oil dispersion or oil suspension formulation comprising active ingredient selected from various categories including Emamectin benzoate, Methoxyfenozide, Chlorantraniliprole and Novaluron. Further the patent relates to an oil phase selected from the group consisting of paraffinic, naphtha aromatic, vegetable, synthetically modified vegetable oils and mixtures thereof, at 30 - 70 wt.-%; and h. Optionally, co-formulates selected from the group consisting of non-ionic, anionic or cationic surface active ingredients, antioxidants, UV- and sun-light protectors, antimicrobial agents, pH regulators, viscosity modifiers, aluminium magnesium silicates, magnesium silicates, alumina silicates, clays, modified clays, smectites, modified smectites, antifoam, colouring agents, and markers for traceability of the origin of the product.
WO2011060691A1 relates to an insecticidal composition comprises Cyantraniliprole and Emamectin benzoate as the active ingredients at a weight ratio of 0.1-99:1, and the content of cyantraniliprole and emamectin benzoate is 2.2-50 weight %. The composition can be processed into emulsion concentrate, aqueous emulsion, micro-emulsion, suspension, wettable powder or water-dispersible granules by adding a solvent, an emulsifier, a wetting dispersant, a stabilizer, an anti-freezing agent, an antifoaming agent, a thickening agent, an adhesive, a disintegrant or a filler. The composition can be used for effectively preventing pests especially paddy and vegetable pests.
CN102057925B relates to an insecticidal composition containing thiacloprid amide and a biogenic insecticide. The biogenic insecticide is selected from avermectin, emamectin benzoate, spinosad or spinetoram, and the ratio by weight of the thiacloprid amide to the biogenic insecticide is 1:40-40:1. The composition can be prepared into a dosage form which is agriculturally acceptable, such as water dispersible granules, wettable powder, a suspending agent, a dispersible oil suspending agent, a microcapsule suspending agent, missible oil or a micro emulsifier.
CN111011391A relates to an insecticidal composition and application thereof, belonging to the field of pesticides, wherein the insecticidal composition comprises effective components and auxiliary components, wherein the effective components comprise emamectin benzoate and dicyclopropionate, and the weight ratio of the emamectin benzoate to the dicyclopropionate is 10: 1-1: 30. The effective components of emamectin benzoate and dicyclopropyl tetramine account for 5 to 85 percent of the weight percentage of the insecticidal composition, and the auxiliary components comprise a carrier and an auxiliary agent. Patent further relates to a auxiliary agent selected from carrier and an anti-freeze agent, a thickener, a stabilizer, a disintegrant, or an anti-foaming agent and formulated preferably to a suspending agent, water dispersible granules or a microemulsion.
There is however a need for improvement of these combinations. Single active combination used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of actives that decrease the chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of insect-pests and diseases control.
In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, insect-pests and diseases. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which can still have a high stability and effective activity until end use. This problem especially occurs and may get worsen if more than one active compound is present in the mixture.
Therefore there is further need to formulate the novel OD formulation which increases the synergistic activities between active ingredients by using the appropriate formulation excipients; enhance the duration of control of insect-pests, mites, reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment; has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions; reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides; and improves leaf penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients.
There is however a need for improvement of OD formulations. Many a times it has been found that single or combination of active ingredients requires a high loading dose for the better results. Further this will create a higher loading of the pesticides in the environment. Further many of the OD formulation recipe is prone to lose stability when exposed to the higher temperature. In addition there are higher chances of formulation applied gets evaporated resulting in the loss of the active ingredients before penetration.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof for the control of insect-pest.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof that promote plant health and increase plant yield in the field.
Further object of the present invention is to provide suitable formulation excipients for the present Oil Dispersion formulation in order to produce stable and synergistic formulation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for the OD formulation.
Embodiment of the present invention can ameliorate one or more of the above mentioned problems.
Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the novel synergistic mixture of OD formulation for plant treatment comprising of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof can provide solution to the above mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof; along with formulation excipients.
More particularly the aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising possible combinations of Emamectin benzoate+Insecticide; or Emamectin benzoate +Insecticide A+Insecticide B.
Further aspect of the present invention to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.
Further aspect of the present synergistic Oil Dispersion (OD) composition is to provide selection of suitable formulation excipients selected from category of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, solvent, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, buffering agent, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.
Another aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent- Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).
Further aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising carrier or solvent selected from Pongamia/karanja/karanj oil; or palm oil; or pongamia oil and palm oil; or pongamia oil and jojoba oil; or palm oil and jojoba oil; or pongamia oil and vegetable oil; or palm oil and vegetable oil; or pongamia oil and palm oil and vegetable oil; or solvent; or both.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide may be selected from class of Mesoionic; benzoylureas; Diacylhydrazines; Oxadiazines; Semicarbazones; Diamides; Metadiamides; Isoxazolines; Uncertain mode of action.

The present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof described herein is obtained by a process comprising a step of preparing the liquid premix by charging the oil or solvent or both followed by adding super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent. The further step is adding the active ingredients into the premixed through milling for the proper size distribution. Further adding the thickening agent followed by stirring the slurry get prepared by milling process to prepare the final formulation. These agrochemical oil dispersion formulations can be used in spray mixtures in agriculture.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
Formulation technology in the field of an agriculture is now seen as an “enabling technology” which can provide safe and effective products which are convenient to use. It can also modify the toxicity of active ingredients and improve their ability to target a specific pest. At a time when the discovery of new agrochemical compounds is more difficult and certainly a high risk and expensive operation, formulation technology can extent the useful patent life of an active ingredient. It can also provide a competitive edge by improving product quality of existing formulations, or by introducing a new formulation of an active ingredient.
OD formulations are non-aqueous dispersion intended for dilution into water before use, and represent the most complex of the non-aqueous suspension formulations. Oil dispersion (OD) formulations consist of a suspension of a solid technical in oil. The oil also serve as a carrier or solvent for additives. The oil dispersion is usually dispersed in water prior to spraying.
An Oil Dispersion is a non-aqueous suspension concentrate. It combines a very good biological efficacy with an environmental friendly formulation. The active ingredient is dispersed in oils or methylated crop oils.
Oil Dispersion formulation comprises with some features as it comprises no aromatic solvent or reduced amount of aromatic solvent; is non-aqueous formulation; non-flammable and low volatility; higher efficiency.
Oil Dispersion (OD) have several advantages over standard formulations. Emulsifiable Concentrates (ECs) formulations are under a strong regulatory pressure to replace toxic and flammable solvents with a less toxic and non-flammable solutions. The novel ODs meets these needs: the oil content gives a favourable eco-toxicological profile guarantying a very high biological efficacy. Further the novel OD formulations are non-toxic and non-flammable formulations. Over the EC formulation the novel OD formulation is having very high biological efficacy.
Suspension concentrates (SC) formulations are very safe formulations but the aqueous media is normally not ideal to boost the pesticide’s biological efficacy. As an agriculture growers standard practice, tank mix adjuvants are added to guarantee a higher performance. The novel OD, with its oil content, guarantees the best biological results. For water sensitive active ingredients, the novel OD represents the sole technical solution to liquid formulation. The novel OD formulation over SC formulation is very safe formulation along with high biological performance. Further the novel OD formulation is ideal for all the active ingredients not stable in water.
Water dispersible granules (WDG) formulations are very safe but quite expensive. Optimal biological efficacy requires adjuvants. The novel OD, with its oil content and better particle size distribution, combines high efficacy with better cost. The novel OD formulation over WDG has economic significance as having better efficacy at a lower cost.
OD formulation presents several challenges in preparation and manufacturing phase. To obtain a good and stable formulation over time, optimal formulation additives are required in addition to optimum processes. Particular attention must be given to choice of all the formulation excipients. Its dispersion and activation are key to the stability of the formulation over time.
Some important requirement of the formulation excipients are perfectly dispersible in oil, no phase separation, easy milling, with no agglomeration, excellent oil emulsification, stable dilution, good coverage and penetration, even distribution through the whole formulation, provide the right yield value of active ingredients.
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof.
Further aspect of the present invention to provide novel agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising at least one active ingredient suspended in oil phase shows synergistic activity and stability over wide range of the conditions.
In an especially preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the treated plant is increased.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the yield of the plants treated according to the method of the invention, is increased synergistically.
The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active
agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.
Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising possible combinations of Emamectin benzoate+Insecticide; or Emamectin benzoate +Insecticide A+Insecticide B.
Further aspect of the present invention to provide synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation comprising formulation excipients from the category of emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, stabilizers, buffering agent, antifoaming agent, preservative, anti-freezing agent and buffering agents.
In an embodiment of the present synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation, atleast one more of active ingredient component (B) is selected from compound from group of insecticide.
In an embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide may be selected from the class of Mesoionic; benzoylureas; Diacylhydrazines; Oxadiazines; Semicarbazones; Diamides; Metadiamides; Isoxazolines; Uncertain mode of action.
In a further embodiment of the present invention, an insecticide may be selected from:
Mesoionic-triflumezopyrim, dichloromezotiaz, fenmezoditiaz; Benzoylureas-bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; Diacylhydrazines-methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide or chromafenozide; Oxadiazines-indoxacarb; Semicarbazones-metaflumizone; Diamides-chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, fluchlordiniliprole; Metadiamides- broflanilide, cyproflanilide; Isoxazolines- fluxametamide, isocycloseram, afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, sarolaner; Uncertain mode of action:- azadirachtin, benzpyrimoxan, pyridalyl, oxazosulfyl, dimpropyridaz, fluhexafon, cyetpyrafen, flupentiofenox, acyonapyr.

The present inventors believe that the combination of the present invention synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof surprisingly results in a synergistic action. The combination of the present invention allows for a broad spectrum of insect-pest control and has surprisingly improved plant vigour and yield. The broad spectrum of the present combination also provides a solution for preventing the development of resistance.
The synergistic agrochemical mixture has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic pesticidal properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the insect-pests that occur on plants or parts of plants of useful crops. The synergistic agrochemical composition of specific active ingredient has the special advantage of being highly active against insect pests that mostly occur on plant parts.
The synergistic agrochemical composition of the present invention is used to protect the crops and plants from insect pest. Examples of the crops on which the present compositions may be used include but are not limited to GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) , Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safed musli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus), vegetables: solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant, tomato, pimento, pepper, potato, etc., cucurbit vegetables such as cucumber, pumpkin, zucchini, water melon, melon, squash, etc., cruciferous vegetables such as radish, white turnip, horseradish, kohlrabi, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, leaf mustard, broccoli, cauliflower, etc., asteraceous vegetables such as burdock, crown daisy, artichoke, lettuce, etc, liliaceous vegetables such as green onion, onion, garlic, and asparagus, ammiaceous vegetables such as carrot, parsley, celery, parsnip, etc., chenopodiaceous vegetables such as spinach, Swiss chard, etc., lamiaceous vegetables such as Perilla frutescens, mint, basil, etc, strawberry, sweet potato, Dioscorea japonica, colocasia, etc., flowers, foliage plants, turf grasses, fruits: pome fruits such apple, pear, quince, etc, stone fleshy fruits such as peach, plum, nectarine, Prunus mume, cherry fruit, apricot, prune, etc., citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, rime, grapefruit, etc., nuts such as chestnuts, walnuts, hazelnuts, almond, pistachio, cashew nuts, macadamia nuts, etc. berries such as blueberry, cranberry, blackberry, raspberry, etc., grape, kaki fruit, olive, plum, banana, coffee, date palm, coconuts, etc. , trees other than fruit trees; tea, mulberry, flowering plant, trees such as ash, birch, dogwood, Eucalyptus, Ginkgo biloba, lilac, maple, Quercus, poplar, Judas tree, Liquidambar formosana, plane tree, zelkova, Japanese arborvitae, fir wood, hemlock, juniper, Pinus, Picea, and Taxus cuspidate, etc.

The synergistic agrochemical Oil Dispersion (OD) composition comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof is most suitable against wide range of insect-pests. The major insects pests controlled with Novel OD (Oil Dispersion) formulations are belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, rice leafhopper/green leaf hopper (GLH) Nephotettix nigropictus, rice brown plant hopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugen, rice backed plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera, Apple Mealy bug Phenococcus aceris, bean aphid Aphis fabae, black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii, citrus black scale Saissetia oleae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii, yellow scale Aonidiella citrine, citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, aphid Aphis gossypii, jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttla, mealy bug Planococcus spp. And Pseudococcus spp., cotton stainer Dysdercus suturellus, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, cowpea aphid Aphis crassivora, grain aphid Sitobion avenae, golden glow aphid Uroleucon spp., grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus, green peach aphid Myzus persicae, greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, papaya mealy bug Pracoccus marginatus, pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari, potato aphid Myzus persicae, potato leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris, wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp. ; order Lepidoptera, army worm Mythimna unipuncta, asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, bollworm Helicoverpa armigera , cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, codling moth Cydia pomonella, croton caterpillar Achea janata, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, cabbage worm Pieris rapae, pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, sugarcane early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa zea, velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas, spotted bollworm Earias vittella, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pink stem borer Sesamia spp., tobacco leafeating caterpillar Spodoptera litura; brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza nivella, Tryporyza incertulas, Tuta absoluta.
from the order Coleoptera, for example, apple twig borer Amphicerus spp., corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera, cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata, boll weevil Anthonomus grandis, grape flea beetle Altica chalybea, grape root worm Fidia viticola, grape trunk borer Clytoleptus albofasciatus, radish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi, rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, various species of white grubs are Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Popillia japonica etc; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Thrips- Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus.

The present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation comprising bioactive amount of (A) Emamectin benzoate; and (B) atleast one more of active ingredients selected from class of an insecticide or combination thereof provides:
• Improved leaf penetration of spray droplets, retard evaporation loss and enhance the absorption of active ingredients;
• Increase spreading properties on leaf surfaces, better wetting of waxy leaf surfaces;
• Increase penetration of active ingredients into the insect cuticles and insects with waxy cuticles like mealybug and scale insects;
• Improve leaf penetration of spray droplets and enhanced wetting of leaf surfaces;
• Improve rain fast properties.
Further present invention further provides increases in the synergistic activities between active ingredients.
The present novel synergistic OD formulation improves the residual control i.e. enhance the duration of control of insect-pests and diseases.
The inventor has found that with the novel recipe of OD formulation, we can reduce the doses of active ingredients and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment.
The present novel OD formulations composition is without or reduced amount of aromatic solvent, so it’s safe to the applicator and reducing the loading of aromatic solvent into the environment.
Oil Dispersion formulation of the present invention comprises carrier or solvent as Pongamia, Palm or jojoba oil. Due to High flash point (smoke points) of Pongamia (>220 Celcius), Palm oil (>240 C), Jojoba oil (>290 C), the novel recipe of OD formulations are more stable and safer for storage at elevated temperature. Therefore the present novel recipe of OD formulations has thermal and chemical stability over a broad range of conditions.
The novel recipe of OD formulations has better pourability, so it will minimize the wastage. The novel recipe of OD formulations are stable with wider pH range.
In the composition of the present OD formulation, we can reduces the toxicity hazards to the applicators, i.e. improves the safety of applicators at the time of handling and spraying the pesticides.
The process for preparing the present synergistic oil dispersion formulation can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of manufacturing the formulation. However all such variations and modifications are covered by the scope of the present invention.
The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive excipients including but not limited to Super Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, carrier or solvent, dispersant or dispersing agent, emulsifying agent, anti-freezing agent, anti-foam agent, preservatives and buffering agent.
Examples of super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used herein for present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation include but not limited to Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyl trisiloxane (Modified trisiloxane).

Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane:
Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane can improve the penetration effect of pesticides and reduce the spray volume. It is used in the fields of pesticides, herbicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, plant growth regulating agents, and other aspects. (Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyltrisiloxane, a registered product of GE Silicones)

Molecular formula: (C2H4O)n•C11H30O3Si3
Examples of Carrier or solvents used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Pongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone; or Palm (Elaeis spp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone; or Blend of Pongamia oil and palm oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil and Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis); or Blend of Palm oil and Jojoba oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil and vegetable oil; or Blend of Palm oil and vegetable oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil, Palm oil and vegetable oil; the vegetable oil may be any one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, Corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, Papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, Tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, Olive (Olea europaea) oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Garlic acid (Allium sativum), Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), D-limonene, Citronella oil or Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil.
All the solvents or combination or blend thereof, used hereby for the present OD formulation may be present in their alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified form.
All the said oils used as a carrier or diluent are procured from the vendor based in Gujarat State.
Examples of Carrier or solvents used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Pongamia/karanja/karanj (Millettia pinnata/Pongamia pinnata/Pongamia glabra) oil alone; or Palm (Elaeis spp.) oil (Palm oil and palm kernel oil) alone; or Blend of Pongamia oil and palm oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil and Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis); or Blend of Palm oil and Jojoba oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil and vegetable oil; or Blend of Palm oil and vegetable oil; or Blend of Pongamia oil, Palm oil and vegetable oil.
Pongamia oil/ karanja oil:
Pongamia oil is derived from the seeds of the Millettia pinnata tree, which is native to tropical and temperate Asia. Millettia pinnata, also known as Pongamia pinnata or Pongamia glabra, is common throughout Asia and thus has many different names in different languages, many of which have come to be used in English to describe the seed oil derived from M. pinnata; Pongamia is often used as the generic name for the tree and is derived from the genus the tree was originally placed in. Other names for this oil include honge oil, kanuga oil, karanja oil, and pungai oil.
Pongamia oil is extracted from the seeds by expeller pressing, cold pressing, or solvent extraction. The oil is yellowish-orange to brown in colour. It has a high content of triglycerides, and its disagreeable taste and odour are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including karanjin, pongamol, tannin and karanjachromene. The physical properties of crude pongamia oil are as flash point of the pongamia oil is 225°C.
Its fruits are used in abdominal remedies. Its seeds are used in tumor treatment. Oil is used for curing rheumatism. Leaves are used against Micrococcus. Their leaves juices are used for the treatment of diarrhea cold and cough. It has curative effect for leucoderma and itches. Its oil is used as a lubricant, water paint binder. Utilization of Seed Cake as a Manure for having the proper N, P & K content and ratio. As a material for biogas (Methane) production. As a Material for Producing Proteins for Food, Pharmaceutical and Industrial Applications by Chemical and Biochemical Technologies. Production of Soluble Fibers for Food Uses.
It is medium sized tree and is found throughout India. The tree is drought resistant. Major producing countries are East Indies, Philippines, and India. The oil content varies from 27- 39%.Its cake is used as pesticide and fertilizer. The deoiled cake when applied to soil, has pesticidal value, especially against nematodes and also helps in improving soil fertility. Karanja is often planted in home steads as a shade or ornamental tree and in avenue planting along roadside and canals. It is preferred species help in controlling soil erosion and binding sand dunes due to its dense network of lateral roots.
The persistence of karanj is greater than other tested botanical insecticides. The dosages at 1 and 2% of karanj oil give better control of insect pests compared with lower concentrations. Karanj oil and karanjin shows greater biological activity than other karanj extracts. The karanj oil shows good synergistic effect with a number of chemical insecticides. Therefore, karanj has great potential to be used as biopesticide because of its antifeedant; oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, roachicidal, juvenile hormone activity and insecticidal properties against a wide range of insect pests [Mukesh Kumar a & Ram Singh, Department of Entomology, Potential of Pongamia glabra Vent as an Insecticide of Plant Origin, CCS Haryana, Agricultural University, Hisar, 125 004, India, Published online: 24 Apr 2012].
Botanical pesticides are also very potent insecticides and, due to their composition, they can help to fight the global problem of insects developing resistance to insecticides. Insecticides based on karanja oil shows efficiency against L. decemlineata larvae at different concentrations [ Katerina Kovarikova and Roman Pavela; United Forces of Botanical Oils: Efficacy of Neem and Karanja Oil against Colorado Potato Beetle under Laboratory Conditions; Plants 2019, 8, 608; doi:10.3390/plants8120608].

Palm oil
Palm oil is an edible vegetable oil derived from the mesocarp (reddish pulp) of the fruit of the oil palms, primarily the African oil palm Elaeis guineensis, and to a lesser extent from the American oil palm Elaeis oleifera and the maripa palm Attalea maripa.
The use of palm oil in food and beauty products has attracted the concern of environmental groups; the high oil yield of the trees has encouraged wider cultivation, leading to the clearing of forests in parts of Indonesia and Malaysia to make space for oil-palm monoculture. This has resulted in significant acreage losses of the natural habitat of the three surviving species of orangutan. One species in particular, the Sumatran orangutan, has been listed as critically endangered.
PME (Palm-based Methyl Esters) as carrier solvents appear to enhance pesticide efficacy, which may allow for a reduction in dosage or frequency of application, help to control adverse effects and reduce the cost spent on pesticides. Therefore, PME as a carrier solvent in pesticide formulations is a promising prospect for the agrochemical industry [ Sumaiyah Megat Nabil Mohsin; Ismail Ab Raman; Zafarizal Aldrin Azizul Hasan and Zainab Idris; Palm-based Methyl Esters as Carrier Solvents in Pesticide Formulations, Technical Report, January 2018, Page no. 32-38].
Jojoba Oil:
Jojoba oil is the liquid produced in the seed of the Simmondsia chinensis (jojoba) plant, a shrub, which is native to southern Arizona, southern California, and northwestern Mexico. The oil makes up approximately 50% of the jojoba seed by weight. The terms "jojoba oil" and "jojoba wax" are often used interchangeably because the wax visually appears to be a mobile oil, but as a wax it is composed almost entirely (~97%) of mono-esters of long-chain fatty acids and alcohols (wax ester), accompanied by only a tiny fraction of triglyceride esters. This composition accounts for its extreme shelf-life stability and extraordinary resistance to high temperatures, compared with true vegetable oils.
Jojoba oil shows an insecticidal activity. At lower as well has higher concentration jojoba oil has insecticidal properties and can be use plant protection management [Tahany, R. Abd El-Zaher; Biological Activity of Four Plant Oils in the Form of Nano Products on the Larvae of Cotton leaf worm; Middle East Journal of Applied Sciences; Volume : 07, Issue :02, April-June 2017, Pages: 239-249].
Vegetable Oil:
The term "vegetable oil" can be narrowly defined as referring only to substances that are liquid at room temperature, or broadly defined without regard to a substance's state (liquid or solid) at a given temperature. While a large majority of the entries in this list fit the narrower of these definitions, some do not qualify as vegetable oils according to all understandings of the term.
Vegetable oils are triglycerides extracted from plants. Some of these oils have been part of human culture for millennia. Edible vegetable oils are used in food, both in cooking and as supplements. Many oils, edible and otherwise, are burned as fuel, such as in oil lamps and as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Some of the many other uses include wood finishing, oil painting, and skin care.
Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are oils extracted from seeds or from other parts of fruits. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of fats from seeds. Olive oil, palm oil, and rice bran oil are examples of fats from other parts of fruits. In common usage, vegetable oil may refer exclusively to vegetable fats which are liquid at room temperature. Vegetable oils are usually edible; non-edible oils derived mainly from petroleum are termed mineral oils.
Most, but not all vegetable oils are extracted from the fruits or seeds of plants. For instance, palm oil is extracted from palm fruits, while soybean oil is extracted from soybean seeds. Vegetable oils may also be classified by grouping oils extracted from similar plants, such as "nut oils". Although most plants contain some oil, only the oil from certain major oil crops complemented by a few dozen minor oil crops is widely used and traded.
Oils from plants are used for several different purposes. Edible vegetable oils may be used for cooking, or as food additives. Many vegetable oils, edible and otherwise, are burned as fuel, for instance as a substitute for petroleum-based fuels. Some may be also used for cosmetics, medical purposes, wood finishing, oil painting, formulation ingredient in many pharmaceutical or agricultural formulations and other industrial purposes.
The vegetable Oil for preparing blend with karanj oil or palm oil or jojoba oil used herein as solvent or carrier for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to any one or mixture of two or more selected from soybean (Glycine max) oil, groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) oil, rapeseed (Brassica napus subspecies) oil, mustard (Brassica juncea) oil, sesame (Sesamum indicum) oil, Corn (Zea mays) oil, rice (Oryza sativa) bran oil, castor (Ricinum communis) seed oil, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) seed oil, linseed (Linum usitatissimum), coconut (Cocos nucifera) oil, Kapok (Ceiba pentandra) oil, Papaya (Carica papaya) seed oil, Tea seed (Camellia oleifera) oil, sunflower (Helianthus annuus) oil, safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) seed oil, Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) oil, Olive (Olea europaea) oil, Jatropha (Jatropha curcas) oil, Garlic acid (Allium sativum), Ginger oil (Zingiber officinale), D-limonene, Citronella oil or Ceylon ironwood (Mesua ferrea) oil, Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) oil.
All solvent for the present formulation Oil dispersion (OD) formulation, the pongamia oil, palm oil, vegetable oil and their mixtures may be alkylated or ethoxylated or epoxylated or esterified. Examples methyl ester of karanj oil, methyl ester of palm oil, methyl ester of karanj oil and soybean oil, methyl ester of palm oil and corn oil, methyl ester of palm oil and rapeseed oil etc.
A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lingo sulphonates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces.
Examples of dispersing agent used herein for used herein for present OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation include but not limited to preparation of condensed naphthalene sulfonate, propoxylated Ethoxylated copolymer monoalkylether (ethylhexanol), alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Antifoaming agent for the present formulation is selected from various compounds and selectively used according to the formulation. Generally, there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water- insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.
Examples of Antifoaming agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, polydimethylsiloxane.
Examples of Anti-freezing agent used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (Monoethylene glycol, Diethylene glycol, Polypropylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.
Preservative used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, Butyl hydroxyl toluene.
Emulsifying agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, ethoxylated sorbitol oleates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate.
Stabilizers or stabilizing agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to hectorite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.
Examples of cosolvents used herein for present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to cyclohexanone, acetophenone, NMP (N-methyl pyrrolidinone), dimethyl sulfoxide, benzyl alcohol, butanol, n-octanol, n-propanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, tetrahydro furfuryl alcohol, isophorone, fatty acid dimethyl amide, 2-hexylethyl lactate and propylene carbonate.
Examples of Buffering agent used herein for the present Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Citric acid, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, acetic acid, sorbic acid.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.
EXAMPLE 1:
Procedure: Manufacturing process of Oil dispersion (OD) formulation of 100 liter batch of Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10%

Step 1 10% Bentonite Solution Preparation:
Add 10 kg of Bentonite powder in to 90 kg of Methyl ester of Karanj oil and also and homogenized till it gets completely dissolved. It must be kept for 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2 OD Premix:
1. Charge 53.45 kg of Methyl ester of Karanj oil into a designated vessel for OD production.
2. Now add 4.5 kg of Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate,8.0 kg of Octylphenol ethoxylate, 0.15 kg of citric acid, 0.20 kg of 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one and 5 kg of Polypropylene glycol homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
3. Add 2.40 kg of Emamectin Benzoate technical and 10.0 kg of Chlorantraniliprole, into this premix and homogenized for 30-45 minutes
4. Before grinding add 0.25 kg of Silicon antifoam and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
5. Add remaining 0.25 kg of Silicon antifoam after milling to avoid foaming
Step 3 Final OD formulation:
1. Charge 5.0 kg of Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane into the OD premix and then homogenize slowly and finally add 10.0 kg 10% Bentonite Solution and further homogenize for 30-45 minutes
Step 4 Send this final formulation to QC for quality check

Experiment 1:
EXAMPLE 2:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD)

Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agent-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Karanj oil 63.45
Total 100.00

Storage Stability Study:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+ Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD)

Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 2.4% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At
0±2
0C
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 2.28 to 2.64 2.60 2.40 2.50
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.40 10.20 10.30
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.50 97.60 98.20
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.20 97.40 97.80
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.00 6.10
Pourability 95% min. 99.00 98.40 99.70
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 660 700 670
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.5 2.5,8.7 2.4,8.8
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 3 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 2.28 to 2.64 2.60 2.50 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.40 10.30 10.20
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.50 98.00 97.50
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.20 97.80 97.20
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.10 6.00
Pourability 95% min. 99.00 98.90 98.50
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 660 670 680
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.5 2.4,8.7 2.6,8.8
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 2

The novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate 2.4% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

EXAMPLE 3:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-2-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agent-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Palm oil 63.45
Total 100.00

EXAMPLE 4:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-3-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agnet-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Palm oil and Mahuva oil 63.45
Total 100.00

Conventional formulatios:
Below recipes are prepared as per the Chinese patent CN101554170A.
Emamectin benzoate 2.4% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin Benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate 4.00
Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene 2.50
Fatty alcohol 1.00
Propane diols 5.00
Organic silicone oil 0.50
Xanthane gum 0.20
Butylated hydroxyl anisole 0.10
Water Qs
Total 100

Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% ME (conventional formulation)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin Benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Cyclohexanone 20.00
Diphenyl phenolic group polyoxyethylene poly-oxygen propylene ether 20.00
Castor oil ethylene oxide add 10.00
Methyl alcohol qs
Total 100.00

Emamectin benzoate 4.8%+Chlorantraniliprole 20% WG (conventional formulation)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin Benzoate a.i. 4.80
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 20.00
Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate 10.00
Naphthalenesulfonic acid-formaldehyde condensate 10.00
Starch 2.00
Ammonium sulfate 15.00
Organic silicone oil 0.50
Precipitated calcium carbonate 20.00
Adularescent kaolin qs
Total 100.00

Experiment 2:
EXAMPLE 5:
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 1.60
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 8.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 2.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agent-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 6.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Palm oil 64.25
Total 100.00

Storage stability study: Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD)
Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.63 1.67
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.30 8.50
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.20 98.60
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.60 97.80
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.15 6.15
Pourability 95% min. 98.80 97.60 98.50
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 640 670 660
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.1,8.3 2.5,8.7 2.4,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 1 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.68 1.64
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.40 8.20
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.40 98.00
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.20 97.80
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.20 6.10
Pourability 95% min. 98.80 98.20 97.50
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 640 670 690
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.1,8.3 2.2,8.4 2.3,8.7
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 1 1

The novel OD formulation Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD) meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).
Conventional OD Recipe:
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD Recipe)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 1.60
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 8.00
Dodecyl benzene sulphonate in methylated and ethoxylated seed oil 25.00
Polyoxyethylene sorbitol fatty acid 5.00
Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 5.00
Fumed silica 1.31
Citric acid 0.02
Propylene glycol 5.00
1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Methylated seed oil 40.47
Total 91.60
Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD Recipe)
Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD Recipe)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.61 1.65
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.10 8.40
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.60 98.20
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.40 98.00
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.10 6.00 5.90
Pourability 95% min. 95.60 94.00 95.20
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 660 720 690
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 3.1,10.2 2.8, 8.8
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 3 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.60
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.40 8.10
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.40 96.00
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.20 95.40
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.10 6.00 5.90
Pourability 95% min. 95.60 94.50 94.00
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.02
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 670 700 730
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.6 2.9, 10.1 3.2, 10.3
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 4 5

Storage stability of Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD recipe) does not meet the pourability and particle size criteria during 14 days Laboratory storage and 12 months room storage. This will results in wastage of material while handling the product and uneven distribution of active ingredients while spraying in the field.
EXAMPLE 6:
Novel OD Recipe
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 1.60
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 8.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 2.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agnet-Citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 4.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Mahuva oil and soybean oil 66.25
Total 100.00

Storage stability study: Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD)
Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.68
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.20 8.50
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.00 98.40
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.80 98.00
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.10 6.15
Pourability 95% min. 98.80 97.50 98.50
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 640 680 660
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.1,8.3 2.3,8.5 2.4,8.7
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 1 1
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.68 1.65 1.63
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.45 8.30 8.20
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.40 98.00
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 98.40 98.00
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.10 6.00
Pourability 95% min. 98.80 98.40 97.60
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 640 660 680
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.1,8.3 2.2, 8.4 2.3, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 1 nil

The novel OD formulation recipe of Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD) meets the all inhouse specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

EXAMPLE 7:
Novel OD Recipe
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 1.60
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 8.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 2.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agent-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Karanj oil and rape seed oil 65.25
Total 100.00

Storage stability study: Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD)
Storage stability-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.66 1.62
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.40 8.20
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.80 97.50 98.20
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.60 97.20 98.00
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.00 6.10
Pourability 95% min. 99.00 97.50 98.20
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 720 680
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.2,8.5 2.6,8.8 2.4,8.6
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Emamectin benzoate content percent by mass 1.52 to 1.76 1.70 1.64 1.62
Cyantraniliprole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.60 8.30 8.10
Emamectin benzoate suspensibility percent min. 80 98.60 98.00 97.50
Cyantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 80 98.40 97.80 97.20
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to 7.5 6.20 6.10 6.00
Pourability 95% min. 98.80 98.00 97.40
Specific gravity 1.00-1.05 1.01 1.01 1.01
Viscosity at spindle no. 62, 20 rpm 350-800 cps 650 680 720
Particle size (micron) D50<3, D90<10 2.3,8.5 2.5,8.6 2.6,8.8
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil 2 2

The novel OD formulation recipe of Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD) meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

Experiment 5:
EXAMPLE 8:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-2-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agnet-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Palm oil 63.45
Total 100.00
EXAMPLE 9:
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-3-Novel OD)
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 2.40
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agnet-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Palm oil and Mahuva oil 63.45
Total 100.00

EXAMPLE 10:
Emamectin benzoate 4%+Cyclaniliprole 12% OD (Novel)

Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Emamectin benzoate a.i. 4.00
Cyclaniliprole a.i. 12.00
Dispersing agent-Tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate 4.50
Cosolvent-Acetophenone 10.0
Emulsifier-Octylphenol ethoxylate 8.00
Stabilizer-Bentonite clay 1.00
Antifoam-Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Preservative-1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one 0.20
Antifreezing agent-Polypropylene glycol 5.00
Buffering agent-citric acid 0.15
Wetting agent-Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane 5.00
Solvent-Methyl ester of Karanj oil 49.85
Total 100.00

The novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate 4% + Cyclaniliprole 12% meets the all in-house specifications for storage stability studies in laboratory (at 54±2 C & At 0±2 C for 14 days) and room temperature (for 12 months).

EXAMPLE 11:
Lists of preferred combinations of Novel OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation:

Compound A Compound B Active ingredients (%) Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
Compound A Compound B
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole 2.4 10 12.40 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Broflanilide 3 4 7.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Fluxametamide 3 4 7.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Cyantraniliprole 1.6 8 9.60 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Cyclaniliprole 4 12 16.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Tetraniliprole 4 12 16.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Flubendiamide 4 15 19.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Isocycloseram 4 16 20.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Tetrachlorantraniliprole 4 15 19.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Tyclopyrazoflor 4 16 20.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Cyhalodiamide 4 15 19.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Fluchlordiniliprole 4 15 19.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Cyproflanilide 4 20 24.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Dichloromezotiaz 4 20 24.00 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Indoxacarb 1.6 10 11.60 Novel OD

Compound A Compound B Compound C
Active ingredients (%)
Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
Compound A Compound B Compound C
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole Methoxyfenozide 1.2 4 18 23.20 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole Novaluron 1.2 4 8 13.20 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole Chlorfluazuron 1.2 4 8 13.20 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole Lambda cyhalothrin 1.2 4 5 10.20 Novel OD
Emamectin benzoate Chlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam 1.2 4 8 13.20 Novel OD

Biological Examples:
A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore, a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticidal activity than the sum of the pesticidal activities of the individual components.
In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:

FIELD BIO-EFFICACY STUDIES:
The novel OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of Emamectin benzoate with different insecticide has been developed in the laboratory and evaluated for its efficacy, residual control and rain-fast action in comparison with prior art formulations and tank mixes.

Experiment 1: Efficacy and residual control of Redgram pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera by Novel OD formulation
Crop : Red gram
Target insect : Pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera
Location : Dabhoi, Dist. Baroda, Gujarat
Treatments : 8
Plot size : 50 sq.m.
Crop age : 88 days after sowing, flowering and pod setting stage. Average 10 to 12 larvae per plant
Spray water volume : 390 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Agronomic Practices : Except insecticidal applications, all agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods:
Larval control (%):
Count the number of live larvae per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot at 3, 7, 10 and 14 days after spraying.

% Larval control data (as observed value) were used to check the synergism by applying Colby’s formula given above.
Table 1: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment details Use rate (gai/h)
T1 Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD), 6+25 gai/h*
T2 Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation), 6+25 gai/h
T3 Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% ME (conventional formulation), 6+25 gai/h
T4 Emamectin benzoate 4.8%+Chlorantraniliprole 20% WG (conventional formulation), 6+25 gai/h
T5 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC+ Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (tank mix), 6+25 gai/h
T6 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC, 6 gai/h
T7 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC, 25 gai/h
T8 UTC (Untreated Check)

*Novel OD formulation recipes.
Table 2: Bioefficacy and residual control of Pod borer by Novel OD formulation
Treatment Number % Larval control, Pod borer
Observed value Calculated value Colby's ratio Synergism
3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA
T1 99.6 97.2 90.2 80.6 86.76 84.5 78.57 70.5 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.14 Y Y Y Y
T2 93.2 90.6 80.2 68.4 86.76 84.5 78.57 70.5 1.07 1.07 1.02 0.97 Y Y Y N
T3 92.8 89.8 78.0 67.2 86.76 84.5 78.57 70.5 1.07 1.06 0.99 0.95 Y Y N N
T4 91.2 88.4 77.6 63.6 86.76 84.5 78.57 70.5 1.05 1.05 0.99 0.90 Y Y N N
T5 90.2 85.2 75.2 58.8 86.76 84.5 78.57 70.5 1.04 1.01 0.96 0.83 Y Y N N
T6 64.8 60.4 52.8 42.6
T7 62.4 60.6 54.6 48.6
T8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

The treatment number T1 to T5 shows synergism in terms of pod borer larval control at 3 DAA (Days after application). The only novel OD formulation (T1) provides synergistic larval control (>80%) up to 14 DAA. The conventional treatments does not show synergism on 14 DAA and pod borer larval control was <68.4%. The novel OD formulations (T1) provides 12% higher control as compared to conventional treatment (T2,T3, T4, T5, T6) on 14 DAA.

Experiment 2: Field performance of different recipes of novel OD formulation
Crop : Chilly, Omega
Target insects : Fruit borer, Spodoptera exigua
Location : Umreth, Dist. Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 7
Plot size : 40 sq.m.
Crop age : 66 days after transplanting. Average 5 to 7 larvae per plant.
Spray water : 400 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Agronomic Practices : Except insecticidal applications, all agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods: same as given in Experiment 1.
Table 3: Treatment details for field performance of novel OD formulation recipes.
Treatment Number Treatment details with Use Rate (gai/h)
T1 Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD), 8+40 gai/h
T2 Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD), 8+40 gai/h
T3 Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD), 8+40 gai/h
T4 Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD Recipe), 8+40 gai/h
T5 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC, 8 gai/h
T6 Cyantraniliprole 10.26% (10% w/v) OD, 40 gai/h
T7 UTC (Untreated Check)

Table 4: Field performance of novel OD formulation recipes.
Treatment Number % Larval control, Spodoptera exigua Increase in larval control over T4 at 10 DAA
1 DAA 5 DAA 10 DAA
Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100 89.51 1.12 Y 99.2 90.6 16.4 (T1-T4)
T2 100 89.51 1.12 Y 98.8 91.8 17.6 (T2-T4)
T3 100 89.51 1.12 Y 99.0 92.4 18.2 (T3-T4)
T4 97.2 89.51 1.09 Y 91.2 74.2
T5 64.8 59.4 48.8
T6 70.2 64.4 54.2
T7 0.00 0.0 0.0

All the treatment (T1 to T4) shows synergism in terms of larval control at 1 DAA (Days after application). The observations on residual control shows that novel OD recipes (T1, T2 and T3) provides higher larval control as compared to conventional OD recipe (T4) on 10 DAA.

Experiment 3: Dose response with novel OD formulation
Crop : Tomato
Target pests : Fruit borer, Helicoverpa armigera
Location : Petlad, Dist. Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 4
Plot size : 50 sq.m.
Crop age : 70 days after transplanting.
Spray water : 450 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Agronomic Practices : Except insecticidal applications, all agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods: same as given in Experiment 1.
Table 3: Dose response of novel OD formulation
Treatment Number % Larval control, tomato fruit borer
1 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA
T1-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD), 250 ml 99.2 97.4 94.0 89.6 82.6
T2-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD), 200 ml 97.8 95.4 91.2 84.4 76.8
T3-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation), 250 ml 98.9 94.6 90.2 83.6 74.2
T4-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation), 200 ml 95.4 88.4 82.4 72.4 58.4

Table 4: Dose response of novel OD formulation
Treatment Number Reduction in % larval control due to dose reduction
1 DAA 3 DAA 7 DAA 10 DAA 14 DAA
T1-T2 1.4 2.0 2.8 5.2 5.8
T3-T4 3.5 6.2 7.8 11.2 15.8

The bioefficacy of novel OD recipe of Emamectin benozoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% does not drop drastically when dose reduced from 250 ml/h to 200 ml/h (20% dose reduction), where as the % larval control drop drastically (7.8, 11.2 and 15.8% at 7 DAA, 10 DAA and 14 DAA respectively) in the conventional OD formulation. With novel OD formulation, we reduce the field use rate to achieve the desirable larval control.

Experiment 4: Synergistic control of Lepidopteran insects in Okra
Crop : Okra
Target insects : Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua)
Location : Umreth, Dist. Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 19
Plot size : 30 sq.m.
Crop age : 60 days after transplanting. Average 8 to 10 larvae per plant.
Spray water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Agronomic Practices : Except insecticidal applications, all agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Observation Methods:
Larval control (%):
10 plants per plot were selected randomly. Count the number of live larvae per plant. Calculate % larval control. Record the observations on 3rd, 7th and 14th days after spraying.

% Larval control data (observed value) were used to check the synergism by applying Colby’s formula given above.
Table 6: Synergistic larval control of lepidoptera insects in okra
Treatment details with application Rate (ml or g per Hectare) % Larval control, Fruit borer Helicoverpa armigera
3 DAA 7 DAA 14 DAA
Obs. Value Cal. Value Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1-Emamectin benzoate 3%+Broflanilide 4% OD, 6+8 gai/h 96.4 84.93 1.14 Y 90.4 74.2
T2-Emamectin benzoate 3%+Fluxametamide 4% OD, 6+8 gai/h 96.2 84.29 1.14 Y 90.0 73.6
T3-Emamectin benzoate 4%+Cyclaniliprole 12% OD, 8+24 gai/h 98.2 88.91 1.10 Y 92.8 78.8
T4-Emamectin benzoate 4%+Tetraniliprole 12% OD, 8+24 gai/h 98.6 88.17 1.12 Y 92.0 77.4
T5-Emamectin benzoate 4%+Flubendiamide 12% OD, 8+30 gai/h 99.2 89.29 1.11 Y 93.0 80.2
T6-Emamectin benzoate 4%+Isocycloseram 16% OD, 8+32 gai/h 98.0 88.24 1.11 Y 94.4 76.4
T7-Emamectin benzoate 4%+Dichloromezotiaz 20% OD, 8+40 gai/h 98.8 88.99 1.11 Y 93.2 75.2
T8-Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Indoxacarb 10% OD, 8+50 gai/h 99.4 89.81 1.11 Y 94.2 80.6
T9-Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, 6 gai/h 54.6 47.6 35.6
T10-Emamectin benzoate 5% SG, 8 gai/h 62.8 55.2 40.6
T11-Broflanilide 30% SC, 8 gai/h 66.8 61.2 52.2
T12-Fluxametamide 10% EC, 8 gai/h 65.4 60.4 51.4
T13-Cyclaniliprole 4.5% (5% w/v) SL, 24 gai/h 70.2 62.2 53.8
T14-Tetraniliprole 20% SC, 24 gai/h 68.2 61.8 52.4
T15-Flubendiamide 20% WG, 30 gai/h 71.2 63.2 54.0
T16-Isocycloseram 10% DC, 32 gai/h 68.4 62.4 51.8
T17-Dichloromezotiaz 10% SC, 40 gai/h 70.4 61.8 50.8
T18-Indoxacarb 15% EC, 50 gai/h 72.6 64.4 54.2
T19-UTC (Untreated Check) 0.00 0.00 0.00

*T1 to T8 were novel OD formulation.
The novel OD formulations of Emamectin benzoate with different insecticides (T1 to T8) provides synergistic larval control of lepidopteran insects (Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua) and also provides longer residual control.

Experiment 5: Study of rain fastness properties of novel OD formulation
Crop : Cauliflower
Location : Umreth, Dist. Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 5
Crop age : 75 days after transplanting.
Spray water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Agronomic Practices : Except insecticidal applications, all agronomic practices followed as per the crop requirement.
Methods for rain fastness study:
The treatment application (spraying) was done with knap sack sprayer by using 400 liter spray volume. After 60 minutes of spraying, artificial raining was done through overhead sprinkler system in trial plot for 30 minutes which was approximately equal to 10 mm of rainfall (measured by rain gauge). After 24 hrs. of artificial rain, the leaves were collected from treatment and put them into the PVC/plastic box. 25 larvae (3rd instar) of Spodoptera litura were release into the PVC box containing treated cauliflower leaves and larval mortality was observed on 72 hrs. The % larval control were calculated. Similar way, the treated cauliflower leaves were collected on 5th ,10th and 15th days and Spodoptera litura (3rd instar), 25 larvae were released and allow to feed and % larval mortality were recorded after 72 hrs. The % larval control calculated.

Table 7: Treatment details to study the rain fastness property of OD formulation
Recipe A-TCY 180 OD, Recipe B-TCY 180 OD, Recipe C-TCY 180 OD are novel recipes of OD formulation, where as Recipe D-conventional is known recipe.
Table 7: % Larval control of Spodoptera litura on cauliflower.
Treatment details with Use Rate (gai/h) % Larval control, Fruit borer
1 DAA 5 DAA 10 DAA 15 DAA
T1-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD), 6+25 gai/h 100.0 100.0 96.0 84.0
T2-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-2-Novel OD), 6+25 gai/h 100.0 100.0 92.0 80.0
T3-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-3-Novel OD), 6+25 gai/h 100.0 100.0 96.0 84.0
T4-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Conventional OD), 6+25 gai/h 100.0 92.0 80.0 60.0
T5-Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation), 6+25 gai/h 100.0 92.0 80.0 64.0

All the novel OD formulation recipes of Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% provides excellent larval control of Spodoptera litura as compared to conventional OD formulation (T4) and conventional SC formulation (T5). At 15 DAA, all the novel OD formulation recipes (T1, T2, T3) provides 20% higher larval control than conventional OD (T4) formulation and 16% higher larval control than conventional SC (T5) formulation.

Spreading properties study:
Method: Spreading properties test conducted by preparing 1% solution (1 ml formulation in 100 ml water). Drop the solution on leaf surface (Cauliflower leaf) and measure the spreading diameter (mm) after 30 seconds. Spreading diameter measured by graph paper.
Table 1: Spreading properties of Novel Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation of Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10%
Recipes Room temperature storage
1 month 6 months 12 months
(Spreading diameter in mm)
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% OD (Recipe-1-Novel OD) 24 22 21
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% SC (conventional formulation) 11 9 8
Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% ME (conventional formulation) 10 8 8
Emamectin benzoate 4.8%+Chlorantraniliprole 20% WG (conventional formulation) 6 4 3

The novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate 2.4%+Chlorantraniliprole 10% shows excellent spreading properties. This will improves the bio-efficacy under field condition, ensures quick control of target insect-pests and also improves the rain-fast properties during rainy days.
Table 2: Spreading properties of Novel Oil Dispersion (OD) formulation of Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD
Formulations Room temperature storage
1 month 6 months 12 months
(Spreading diameter in mm)
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe A-Novel OD) 23 22 22
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe B-Novel OD) 24 23 21
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Recipe C-Novel OD) 21 21 20
Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD (Conventional OD Recipe) 12 10 8

The novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate 1.6%+Cyantraniliprole 8% OD shows excellent spreading properties as compared to their conventional formulations. This will improves the bio-efficacy under field condition, ensures quick control of target insect-pests and also improves the rainfast properties during rainy days.

Overall summery of field trials:
The field trials results shows many benefits/advantages of novel OD formulations of Emamectin benzoate with different insecticides.
• Novel OD formulation shows synergism between Emamectin benzoate and insecticide
• Novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate with insecticide shows strong synergism in comparison to their conventional formulations.
• Novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate with insecticide provides longer residual control in comparison to their conventional formulations. The longer residual control experienced due to improved spreading properties of spray solution over leaf surface, increase in penetration in to the leaf surface. Addition of Polyalkyleneoxide modified Heptamethyltrisiloxane as wetting agent and palm oil and karanj oil as carrier cum solvent improves the wetting, spreading and penetration properties of novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate with insecticide.
• Novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate+ insecticides, we can reduce the doses of active ingredients to get desirable insect control and thereby minimizing the pesticidal load into the environment.
• The improved rain fastness properties of novel OD formulation of Emamectin benzoate+ insecticide experienced due to better retention of spray solution over the waxy leaf surface.
• The novel OD formulations meets all the inhouse parameters of storage stability studies.