DESC:FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition for foliar spray comprising of bioactive amounts of (A) Paclobutrazol and; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicide; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action. The present invention further relates to process of preparing the said composition for foliar spray treatement.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Combination of insecticides and fungicides are used to broaden the spectrum of control of insect and fungal pests, reduce dosage, thereby reducing environmental impact, and decrease chances of development of resistance. The combination of insecticides and fungicides at times demonstrate an additive or synergistic effect that results in an improved control on the pests.
Insecticide or pesticides are used widely and very frequently in commercial agriculture
and have enabled an enormous increase in crop yields and product quality which
ultimately increased the ease to farmers in term of economic advantage as well as ease of farming activities.
Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are typically any substance or mixture of substances intended to accelerate or slow down the rate of growth or ripening, or otherwise change the development of plants, or to produce plants. Some plant growth regulators protect plants from abiotic stress. They give tolerance to extreme temperatures, both high and low, to drought, to high salt content, which are some examples of abiotic stresses that plants can undergo. PGR allows plants to withstand abiotic stresses by controlling the natural expression of hormones in the plant.
There are many combinations of insecticides and fungicides. For example, WO2014079730A1 patent relates to pesticidal composition comprising one biological compound and at least one fungicidal, insecticidal or plant growth regulating compound as defined herein and respective agricultural uses thereof..

WO2007068421A2 patent relates to a pesticidal composition capable of regulating growth of a plant or propagation material thereof comprising as plant growth regulating active ingredient a mixture of component (A) and component (B) wherein component (A) is Paclobutrazol and component (B) is selected from the group consisting of Difenoconazole, Ipconazole, Metconazole, Tebuconazole, Prothioconazole, Cyproconazole, Propiconazole and Epoxiconazole wherein component (A) and component (B) are present in said composition in amounts which produce a synergistic effect. Preferably the composition comprises Paclobutrazol and Difenoconazole and the composition inhibits growth of the plant upon application thereby increasing yield/quality. The compositions are alsocapable of preventing and/or treating growth and/or infestation of phytopathogenic fungion a plant or propagation material thereof.
WO2008020872A2 relates to a pesticidal composition and methods for suppressing bacterial disease, manipulating the emergence and growth of plants, enhancing the health of transplants, and safening plants against post-emergent pesticide application by treating the plant propagation material with a composition comprising at least one plant growth regulator in combination with at least one plant activator and other optional active ingredients.
US20120137941A1 relates to a method for enhancing harvest security of crops needing vernalization comprising the steps: a) advanced seeding of a crop variety before seeding of such crop variety is generally carried out in the respective area, and b) applying a mixture comprising at least two active compounds (A) selected from the group consisting of mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, N,N-dimethylmorpholinium chloride, metconazole, tebuconazole, paclobutrazol, trinexapac and prohexadion or an agriculturally useful salt thereof to the crop variety seeded according to step a). In addition, the invention relates to the use of a mixture comprising at least two active compounds (A) selected from mepiquat chloride, chlormequat chloride, N,N-dimethylmorpholinium chloride, metconazole, tebuconazole, paclobutrazol, trinexapac and prohexadion or an agriculturally useful salt thereof for enhancing harvest security of crops needing vernalization.
There is however a need for improvement of these combinations. Single active combinations used over a long period of time has resulted in resistance. With the onset of resistance to certain pests, there is a need in the art for a combination of actives that decreases chances of resistance and improves the spectrum of disease and pest control.
However still there is a need for a composition comprises Paclobutrazol; at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and insecticides having various mode of action which overcomes some of the existing problems and can be prepared easily without much complex manufacturing process.
In general use, the pesticide actives are used in the form of a dilute aqueous composition because it can attain a good interaction with the target organism, such as plants, fungi and insects. However, most active pesticide compounds that are used as pesticides are only sparingly or even insoluble in water. The low solubility of such compounds present the challenges and difficulties to formulator in formulating pesticide compounds in stable formulations that can be easily stored for a long time and which still have a high stability and effective activity until end use. This problem especially occurs and may get worsen if more than one active compound is present in the composition.
Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicides for the control of soil borne pests. Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and a composition for controlling insect pests and fungal diseases around plant propagation material.
Yet another object of the present invention is to provide improved combinations of insecticides and fungicides and specific formulation thereof that promote plant health by controlling insect pests and fungal diseases around plant propagation material.
Inventors of the present invention have surprisingly found that the synergistic
pesticidal composition and specific formulation threof comprising of Paclobutrazol; at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and insecticides having various mode of action as described herein provides solution to the above mentioned problems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Paclobutrazol; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.
More particularly an aspect of the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Paclobutrazol as a plant growth regulator or fungicide; (B) at least one fungicide selected from the group of triazole group of fungicides: difenoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxytioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, frutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, simconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole; (C) insecticides selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action .
Accordingly, in a further aspect of the present invention is containing the agrochemical composition for foliar spray plant treatement comprising (A) Paclobutrazol is in range of 1% to 20% w/w of the composition; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicide is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition.
Accordingly, in a further aspect, the present invention provides a method of protecting a plant propagation material, a plant, parts of a plant and/or plant organs that grow at a later point in time against pathogenic damage or insect-pest damage by applying to the plant propagation material a composition comprising a pesticidal composition defined in the first aspect.
Accordingly, in a yet another aspect the said pesticidal composition is formulations selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Soluble concentrate (SL), Wettable Granules or Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Water soluble granule (SG), Water soluble powder (SP), Wettable powder (WP), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW), Granule (GR) / Soil Applied Granules (SAG), Controlled release granules (CR); comprising A) Paclobutrazol; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.
The remainder of the aqueous formulation is preferably wholly water but may comprise other materials, such as inorganic salts. The formulation is preferably, completely free from organic solvents.
Accordingly, in a first aspect, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising (A) Paclobutrazol; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
The term "synergistic", as used herein, refers the combined action of two or more active
agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their
individual effects.
"Bioactive amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied treatment of crops, is sufficient to effect such treatment.
Therefore an aspect of the present invention provides a synergistic pesticidal composition for foliar spray comprising (A) Paclobutrazol; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicides; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action.
In an embodiment of the present invention the fungicide from class of triazole fungicides may be selected from difenoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxytioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, frutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, simconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole .
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of spinosyns insecticide may be selected from spinosad, spinetoram.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of mectins insecticide may be selected from Emamectin benzoate, abamectin, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors insecticide may be selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of ecdysone receptor agonists insecticide may be selected from methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of diamides insecticide may be selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, fluchlordiniliprole.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticide from the class of metadiamides insecticide may be selected from broflanilide, cyproflanilide, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, sarolaner.
In an embodiment of the present invention the insecticidal compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action may be selected from pyridalyl, oxazosulfyl, dichloromezotiaz.
Paclobutrazol is a plant growth retardant and triazole fungicide and Paclobutrazol IUPAC name is (3R)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol;(3S)-1-(4-chloro phenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol. It is a known antagonist of the plant hormone gibberellin. It acts by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, reducing internodal growth to give stouter stems, increasing root growth, causing early fruitset and increasing seedset in plants such as tomato and pepper. PBZ has also been shown to reduce frost sensitivity in plants. Moreover, paclobutrazol can be used as a chemical approach for reducing the risk of lodging in cereal crops. PBZ is used by arborists to reduce shoot growth and has been shown to have additional positive effects on trees and shrubs. Among those are improved resistance to drought stress, darker green leaves, higher resistance against fungi and bacteria, and enhanced development of roots. Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.
The novel active ingredient composition has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic insecticidal, fungicidal and plant growth regulating properties for protecting cultivated plants. As has been mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of different crops or useful plants. The present novel composition and formulation thereof increases the yield of treated plants by controling Insect-pests and fungal diseases. The present formulated composition regulates plant growth by checking vegetative growth and increasing reproductive parts of plant.
The synergistic composition of pesticide are used to protect the crops and plants from Insect-pests and fungal diseases. The lists of the major crops includes genetically modified varieties or hybrid varieties or conventional varieties of GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) and Non GMO traits, hybrids and conventional varieties of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticum aestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Oat (Avena sativa), Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Groundnut/Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Green gram (Vigna radiata), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Cicer aritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Red gram (Cajanus cajan), French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Bell pepper (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum), Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold ( Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera ( Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus).
Crops are to be understood as also including those crops which have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides (e.g. ALS-, GS-, EPSPS-, PPO-, ACCase- and HPPD-inhibitors) by conventional methods of breeding or by genetic engineering. An example of a crop that has been rendered tolerant to imidazolinones, e.g. imazamox, by conventional methods of breeding is Clearfield® summer rape (canola). Examples of crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides by genetic engineering methods include e.g. glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® and LibertyLink®.
Crops are also to be understood as being those which have been rendered resistant to harmful insects by genetic engineering methods, for example Bt maize (resistant to European corn borer), Bt cotton (resistant to cotton boll weevil) and also Bt potatoes (resistant to Colorado beetle). Examples of Bt maize are the Bt 176 maize hybrids of NK® (Syngenta Seeds). The Bt toxin is a protein that is formed naturally by Bacillus thuringiensis soil bacteria. Examples of toxins, or transgenic plants able to synthesise such toxins, are described in EP-A-451 878, EP-A-374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, WO 03/052073 and EP-A-427 529. Examples of transgenic plants comprising one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are KnockOut® (maize), Yield Gard® (maize), NuCOTIN33B® (cotton), Bollgard® (cotton), NewLeaf® (potatoes), NatureGard® and Protexcta®. Plant crops or seed material thereof can be both resistant to herbicides and, at the same time, resistant to insect feeding (“stacked” transgenic events). For example, seed can have the ability to express an insecticidal Cry3 protein while at the same time being tolerant to glyphosate.
Crops are also to be understood to include those which are obtained by conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering and contain so-called output traits (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value and improved flavour).
Other useful plants include turf grass for example in golf-courses, lawns, parks and roadsides, or grown commercially for sod, and ornamental plants such as flowers or bushes.
The synergistic combination of the present invention used to control the insects-pests belongs to the order Hemiptera, for example, rice leafhopper/green leaf hopper (GLH) Nephotettix nigropictus, rice brown plant hopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugen, rice backed plant hopper (WBPH) Sogatella furcifera , Apple Mealy bug Phenococcus aceris, bean aphid Aphis fabae, black citrus aphid Toxoptera aurantii, citrus black scale Saissetia oleae, cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae, Lipaphis erysimi, citrus red scale Aonidiella aurantii, yellow scale Aonidiella citrine, citrus mealybug Planococcus citri, corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis, aphid Aphis gossypii, jassid Amrasca biguttula biguttla, mealy bug Planococcus spp. And Pseudococcus spp., cotton stainer Dysdercus suturellus, whitefly Bemisia tabaci, cowpea aphid Aphis crassivora, grain aphid Sitobion avenae, golden glow aphid Uroleucon spp., grape mealybug Pseudococcus maritimus, green peach aphid Myzus persicae, greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum, papaya mealy bug Pracoccus marginatus, pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, sugarcane mealybug Saccharicoccus sacchari, potato aphid Myzus persicae, potato leaf hopper Empoasca fabae, cotton whitefly Bemisia tabaci, tarnished plant bug Lygus lineolaris, wooly apple aphid Eriosoma lanigerum, mango hopper Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp. ; order Lepidoptera, army worm Mythimna unipuncta, asiatic rice borer Chilo suppressalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua, black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon, bollworm Helicoverpa armigera , cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni, codling moth Cydia pomonella, croton caterpillar Achea janata, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, cabbage worm Pieris rapae, pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis, sugarcane early shoot borer Chilo infuscatellus tobacco budworm Heliothis virescens, tomato fruitworm Helicoverpa zea, velvet bean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis, yellow stem borer Scirpophaga incertulas, spotted bollworm Earias vittella, rice leaffolder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, pink stem borer Sesamia spp., tobacco leafeating caterpillar Spodoptera litura; brinjal fruit and shoot borer Leucinodes orbonalis, bean pod borer Maruca vitrata, Maruca testulalis, armyworm Mythimna separata, cotton pinkbollworm Pectinophora gossypiella, citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella, cabbage butterfly Pieris bras-sicae, diamond backmoth Plutella xylostella, paddy stem borer Scirpophaga excerptallis, Scirpophaga incertulas, Scirpophaga innotata, wheat stem borer Sesamia inferens, Sitotroga cerealella, Spilosoma obliqua, fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Trichoplusia ni, Tryporyza nivella, Tryporyza incertulas, Tuta absoluta.
The synergistic combination of the present invention used to control the insects-pests from the the order Coleoptera, for example, apple twig borer Amphicerus spp., corn root worm Diabrotica virgifera, cucumber beetle diabrotica balteata, boll weevil Anthonomus grandis, grape flea beetle Altica chalybea, grape root worm Fidia viticola, grape trunk borer Clytoleptus albofasciatus, radish flea beetle Phyllotreta armoraciae, maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais, northern corn rootworm Diabrotica barberi, rice water weevil Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Anthonomus grandis, Bruchus lentis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica virgifera, Dicladispa armigera, Epila-chna varivestis, various species of white grubs are Holotrichia bicolor, Holotrichia consanguinea, Holotrichia serrata, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Popillia japonica etc; from the order Orthoptera, for example, Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta spp., and Schistocerca is spp.; from the order Thysanoptera, for example, Frankliniella spp., Thrips palmi, Thrips tabaci and Scirtothrips dorsalis; termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes obesi, Odontotermes obesus, Reticulitermes flavipes, Termes natalensis; from the order Heteroptera, for example, Dysdercus spp., Leptocorisa spp., from the order Hymenoptera, for example, Solenopsis spp. ; from the order Diptera, for example, Antherigona soccata, Dacus spp., Liriomyza spp., Melanagromyza spp., from the order Acarina, for example, Aceria mangiferae, Brevipalpus spp., Eriophyes spp., Oligonychus mangiferus, Oligonychus punicae, Panonychus citri, Panonychus ulmi, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Tarsonemus spp., Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus; plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica and other Meloidogyne species; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Globodera pallida, Globodera tabacum and other Globodera species, Heterodera avenae, Heterodera glycines, Heterodera schachtii, Heterodera trifolii, and other Heterodera species; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aphelen-choides fragariae, Aphelenchoides ritzemabosi and other Aphelenchoides species; sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other Belonolaimus species; pine nematodes, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and other Bursaphelenchus species; ring ne-matodes, Criconema species, Criconemella species, Criconemoides species, and Me-socriconema species; stem and bulb nematodes, Ditylenchus destructor, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Ditylenchus myceliophagus and other Ditylenchus species; awl nematodes, Dolichodorus species; spiral nematodes, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Helicotylenchus multicinctus and other Helicotylenchus species, Rotylenchus robustus and other Roty-lenchus species; sheath nematodes, Hemicycliophora species and Hemicriconemoides species; Hirshmanniella species; lance nematodes, Hoplolaimus columbus, Hoplolai-mus galeatus and other Hoplolaimus species; false root-knot nematodes, Nacobbus aberrans and other Nacobbus species; needle nematodes, Longidorus elongates and other Longidorus species; pin nematodes, Paratylenchus species; lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus brachyurus, Pratylenchus coffeae, Pratylenchus curvitatus, Pratylenchus goodeyi, Pratylencus neglectus, Pratylenchus penetrans, Pratylenchus scribneri, Pratylenchus vulnus, Pratylenchus zeae and other Pratylenchus species; Radinaphelenchus cocophilus and other Radinaphelenchus species; burrowing nematodes, Radopholus similis and other Radopholus species; reniform nematodes, Rotylenchulus reniformis and other Rotylenchulus species; Scutellonema species; stubby root nematodes, Tri-chodorus primitivus and other Trichodorus species; Paratrichodorus minor and other Paratrichodorus species; stunt nematodes, Tylenchorhynchus claytoni, Tylenchorhyn-chus dubius and other Tylenchorhynchus species and Merlinius species; citrus nematodes, Tylenchulus semipenetrans and other Tylenchulus species; dagger nematodes, Xiphinema americanum, Xiphinema index, Xiphinema diversicaudatum and other Xi-phinema species; and other plant parasitic nematode species.
The compositions according to the invention have very good fungicidal properties and can be employed for controlling phytopathogenic fungi such as Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, Chytridiomycetes, Deuteromycetes, Oomycetes, Plasmodiophoromycetes, Zygomycetes, and the like.
Examples which may be mentioned, but not by limitation, are some pathogens of fungal diseases which come under the above generic terms: Diseases caused by pathogens causing powdery mildew such as, for example, Blumeria species such as, for example, Blumeria graminis; Podosphaera species such as, for example, Podosphaera leucotricha; Oidium species such as, for example Oidium mangiferae, Sphaerotheca species such as, for example, Sphaerotheca fuliginea; Uncinula species such as, for example, Uncinula necator; Leveillula species such as, for example Leveillula taurica, Erysiphe species such as for example Erysiphe polygoni.
Diseases caused by pathogens of rust diseases such as, for example, Gymnosporangium species such as, for example, Gymnosporangium sabinae, Hemileia species such as, for example, Hemileia vastatrix; Phakopsora species such as, for example, Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phakopsora meibomiae; Puccinia species such as, for example, Puccinia graminis, Puccinia recondita or Puccinia triticina, Puccinia striiformis; Uromyces species such as, for example, Uromyces phaseoli;
Diseases caused by pathogens of smut diseases such as, for example, Sporisorium species such as , for example, Sporisorium scitamineum; Ustilago species such as, for example Ustilago maydis, Tilletia species such as for example Tilletia tritici, Ustilaginoidea species such as , for example Ustilaginoidea virens,
Diseases caused by pathogens of ergot diseases such as, for example Claviceps species, Claviceps purpurea; diseases caused by pathogens from the group of the Oomycetes such as, for example, Bremia species such as, for example, Bremia lactucae; Peronospora species such as, for example, Peronospora pisi or P. brassicae; Phytophthora species such as, for example, Phytophthora infestans; Plasmopara species such as, for example, Plasmopara viticola; Pseudoperonospora species such as, for example, Pseudoperonospora humuli or Pseudoperonospora cubensis; Pythium species such as, for example, Pythium ultimum; leaf spot diseases and leaf wilt caused by, for example, Alternaria species such as, for example, Alternaria solani, Alternaria alternata, Alternaria porii; Cercospora species such as, for example, Cercospora arachidicola; Cladiosporum species such as, for example, Cladiosporium cucumerinum; Cochliobolus species such as, for example, Cochliobolus sativus (conidial form: Drechslera, syn: Helminthosporium);
Colletotrichum species such as, for example, Colletotrichum capsici; Cycloconium species such as, for example, Cycloconium oleaginum; Diaporthe species such as, for example, Diaporthe citri;
Elsinoe species such as, for example, Elsinoe fawcettii; Gloeosporium species such as, for example, Gloeosporium laeticolor; Glomerella species such as, for example, Glomerella cingulata; Guignardia species such as, for example, Guignardia bidwelli;
Leptosphaeria species such as, for example, Leptosphaeria maculans; Magnaporthe species such as, for example, Magnaporthe grisea;
Mycosphaerella species such as, for example, Mycosphaerella graminicola; Phaeosphaeria species such as, for example, Phaeosphaeria nodorum; Pyrenophora species such as, for example, Pyrenophora teres;
Ramularia species such as, for example, Ramularia collo-cygni; Rhynchosporium species such as, for example, Rhynchosporium secalis; Septoria species such as, for example, Septoria apii;
Typhula species such as, for example, Typhula incarnata; Venturia species such as, for example, Venturia inaequalis; root and stalk diseases, caused by, for example, Corticium species such as, for example, Corticium graminearum; Fusarium species such as, for example, Fusarium oxysporum;
Gaeumannomyces species such as, for example, Gaeumannomyces graminis; Rhizoctonia species such as, for example, Rhizoctonia solani; Tapesia species such as, for example, Tapesia acuformis;
Thielaviopsis species such as, for example, Thielaviopsis basicola; ear and panicle diseases (including maize cobs), caused by, for example, Alternaria species such as, for example, Alternaria spp.;
Aspergillus species such as, for example, Aspergillus flavus; Cladosporium species such as, for example, Cladosporium spp.; Claviceps species such as, for example, Claviceps purpurea;
Fusarium species such as, for example, Fusarium culmorum; Gibberella species such as, for example, Gibberella zeae; Monographella species such as, for example, Monographella nivalis;
diseases caused by smuts such as, for example, Sphacelotheca species such as, for example, Sphacelotheca reiliana; Tilletia species such as, for example, Tilletia caries; Urocystis species such as, for example, Urocystis occulta; Ustilago species such as, for example, Ustilago nuda; fruit rot caused by, for example, Aspergillus species such as, for example, Aspergillus flavus;
Botrytis species such as, for example, Botrytis cinerea; Penicillium species such as, for example, Penicillium expansum; Sclerotinia species such as, for example, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum;
Verticilium species such as, for example, Verticilium alboatrum; seed- and soil-borne rots and wilts, and seedling diseases, caused by, for example, Fusarium species such as, for example, Fusarium culmorum; Phytophthora species such as, for example, Phytophthora cactorum; Pythium species such as, for example, Pythium ultimum; Rhizoctonia species such as, for example, Rhizoctonia solani;
Sclerotium species such as, for example, Sclerotium rolfsii; cankers, galls and witches' broom diseases, caused by, for example, Nectria species such as, for example, Nectria galligena; wilts caused by, for example, Monilinia species such as, for example, Monilinia laxa; deformations of leaves, flowers and fruits, caused by, for example, Taphrina species such as, for example, Taphrina deformans; degenerative diseases of woody species, caused by, for example, Esca species such as, for example, Phaemoniella clamydospora; flower and seed diseases, caused by, for example, Botrytis species such as, for example, Botrytis cinerea; diseases of plant tubers caused by, for example, Rhizoctonia species such as, for example, Rhizoctonia solani; diseases caused by bacterial pathogens such as, for example, Xanthomonas species such as, for example, Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae; Pseudomonas species such as, for example, Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans; Erwinia species such as, for example, Erwinia amylovora.
Formulation of the present invention can be in any of the formulations selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Soluble concentrate (SL), Wettable Granules or Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Water soluble granule (SG), Water soluble powder (SP), Wettable powder (WP), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW), Granule (GR) / Soil Applied Granules (SAG), Controlled release granules (CR).
The present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition comprising of bioactive amounts of (A) Paclobutrazol is in range of 1% to 20% w/w of the composition; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicide is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition.
The field trials results shows many benefits/advantages of novel pesticidal composition comprising of bioactive amounts of (A) Paclobutrazol is in range of 1% to 20% w/w of the composition; (B) at least one fungicide selected from Triazole group of fungicide is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition; (C) at least one insecticide(s) selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is in range of 1% to 40% w/w of the composition such as:
• Increase in yield of treated plants (cereals, pulses, oilseeds, fiber crop, sugar crops, leafy vegetables, tuber crops, fruit crops, flowers, ornamentals etc.)
• Increase in yield due to protection against fungal diseases and insect control
• Increase in yield due to plant growth regulation, check vegetative growth and increase in reproductive parts of plant.
• Increase in yield due to more number of tillers, more branches and sub branches, more number of flowers, more number of fruits
• Increase plant vigor
• Increase tolerance to insect-pests damage and diseases damage.
• Increase tolerance to the weather stress, moisture stress
• Prevents lodging in susceptible plants (lodging due to biotic and abiotic factors, like heavy rains, winds, insects and diseases damage).
• Improves quality (means visual appearance, color, size, shape etc.) in grains, fruits, fiber, flowers, tuber, bulb, rhizomes, straw, leaves and other plant parts and plant products
• Improves keeping quality of produce, increase post harvest life, storage life, protection from post harvest diseases
• Uniform sizing in tuber, bulb, rhizome and root crops.

The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients further comprises inactive formulation excipients including but not limited to wetting agents, wetting-spreading-penetrating agent, dispersant or dispersing agent, anti-freezing agent, emulsifying agent, anti-foam agent, preservatives, solvents, co-solvents, preservative, stabilizer, diluent, carriers, suspension aid or suspending agent, thickener, and buffering agent.
A wetting agent is a substance that when added to a liquid increases the spreading or penetration power of the liquid by reducing the interfacial tension between the liquid and the surface on which it is spreading. Wetting agents are used for two main functions in agrochemical formulations: during processing and manufacture to increase the rate of wetting of powders in water to make concentrates for soluble liquids or suspension concentrates; and during mixing of a product with water in a spray tank or other vessel to reduce the wetting time of wettable powders and to improve the penetration of water into water-dispersible granules.
Examples of wetting agent used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation include but not limited to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants (as a wetting-spreading-penetrating agent) includes
trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, modified form includes polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, polyalkyleneoxide modified trisiloxane, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane, trisiloxane ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, polyether modified polysiloxane; may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc.;
Examples of wetting agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate.
Examples of wetting agent used herein for SE (Suspo-Emulsion) formulation includes but not limited to Ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, Polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol, Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulphate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, Alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, Octyl phenol ethoxylate, alkyl phenol ethoxylate and aliphatic alcohol ethoxylate or mixture thereof.
Examples of wetting agent used herein for WG (Wettable Granule) formulation includes but not limited to sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, mixture of isomers of dibutyl naphthalene sulphonic acid sodium salt, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium Lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulphosuccinates and non-ionic such as tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl or alkaryl sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated alkyl or alkaryl carboxylates, alkyl or alkaryl phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharide, di or mono alkyl sulfosuccinate derivatives, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates, butyl, dibutyl, isopropyl and di-isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, C12 alkyl benzene sulfonate or C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, trisiloxane heptamethyl, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.
Examples of Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation, Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation include but not limited to Organo-silicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof etc;
Examples of Wetting-spreading-penetrating agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to Organosilicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.
A dispersant or a dispersing agent is a substance which adsorbs onto the surface of particles and helps to preserve the state of dispersion of the particles and prevents them from re-aggregating. Dispersants are added to agrochemical formulations to facilitate dispersion and suspension during manufacture, and to ensure the particles re-disperse into water in a spray tank. They are widely used in wettable powders, suspension concentrates and water-dispersible granules. Surfactants that are used as dispersants have the ability to adsorb strongly onto a particle surface and provide a charged or steric barrier to re-aggregation of particles. The most commonly used surfactants are anionic, non-ionic, or mixtures of the two types. For wettable powder formulations, the most common dispersants are sodium lingo sulphonates. In recent years, new types of very high molecular weight polymeric surfactants have been developed as dispersants. These have very long hydrophobic ‘backbones’ and a large number of ethylene oxide chains forming the ‘teeth’ of a ‘comb’ surfactant. These high molecular weight polymers can give very good long-term stability to suspension concentrates because the hydrophobic backbones have many anchoring points onto the particle surfaces.
Examples of dispersants or dispersing agent used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation include but not limited to Naphthalenesulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycol ether with ethylene oxide, tallow fatty amine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycol ether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Examples of dispersants or dispersing agent used herein for Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate,EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Examples of dispersants or dispersing agent used herein for SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation includes but not limited to be a conventionally available for example polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers, acrylic graft copolymer, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinylalcohol, vinylacetate and vinylpyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly(methacrylate), poly(ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetatebutyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinylpyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly(orthoesters), alkyd resins, and mixtures of two or more of these. Polymers that are biodegradable are also useful in the present invention. As used herein, a polymer is biodegradable if is not water soluble, but is degraded over a period of several weeks when placed in an application environment. Examples of biodegradable polymers that are useful in the present invention include biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly(namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinylalcohol, polyhydroxybutyratevalerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof. The examples of dispersing agents are alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.
Examples of dispersants or dispersing agent used herein for WG (Wettable Granule) formulation formulation includes but not limited to sodium polycarboxylate (sodium polyacrylate), naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensates with formaldehyde, polyalcoxylated alkylphenol, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, methyl naphthalene-formaldehyde-condensate sodium salt, naphthalene condensates, lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulfonate, lignin sulfonate sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt. The preferred dispersing agent is alkyl naphthalene sulfonate. It provides an excellent wetting, dispersing, hydrotroping and medium to low foaming. It offers acid and base stability, hard water tolerance and high temperature stability.
Antifoaming agent for the present formulation is selected from various compounds and selectively used according to the formulation. Generally, there are two types of antifoam agents, namely silicones and non-silicones. Silicones are usually aqueous emulsions of dimethyl poly siloxane while the non-silicone anti-foam agents are water- insoluble oils, such as octanol and nonanol, or silica. In both cases, the function of the anti-foam agent is to displace the surfactant from the air-water interface.
Examples of Antifoaming agent used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate), Oil dispersion (OD) formulation, SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation include but not limited to silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, poly dimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, polyalkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.
Examples of Antifoaming agent used herein for WG (Wettable Granule) formulation includes but not limited to polydimethylsiloxane.
Examples of Anti-freezing agent used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) and Oil dispersion (OD) formulation, SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation include but not limited to ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerine or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerine, urea, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.
Preservative used herein for the SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation , Oil dispersion (OD) formulation include but not limited to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, Sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol, Formaldehyde, Sodium o-phenylphenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
Preservative used herein for the SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation include but not limited to propionic acid and its sodium salt, sorbic acid and its sodium or potassium salt, benzoic acid and its sodium salt, p-hydroxy benzoic acid sodium salt; methyl p-hydroxy benzoate; and biocide such as sodium benzoate, 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 5-chloro-2- methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, potassium sorbate, para hydroxy benzoates or mixtures thereof.
Thickeners or gelling agents are used mainly in the formulation of suspension concentrates, emulsions and suspo-emulsions to modify the rheology or flow properties of the liquid and to prevent separation and settling of the dispersed particles or droplets. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers.
Examples of thickeners used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation include but not limited to xanthan gum, PVK, carboxy methyl celluloses, polyvinyl alcohols, gelatin, sodium carboxy methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, sodium polyacrylate, modified starch.
Examples of thickeners used herein for SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation include various compound depending upon the nature of the composition. Thickening, gelling, and anti-settling agents generally fall into two categories, namely water-insoluble particulates and water-soluble polymers. It is possible to produce suspension concentrate formulations using clays and silicas. Examples of these types of materials, include, but are limited to, montmorillonite, e.g. bentonite; magnesium aluminum silicate; and attapulgite. Water-soluble polysaccharides have been used as thickening-gelling agents for many years. The types of polysaccharides most commonly used are natural extracts of seeds and 15 seaweeds are synthetic derivatives of cellulose or mixtures thereof. Examples of these types of materials include, but are not limited to, guar gum; locust bean gum; carrageenam; xanthan gum; alginates; methyl cellulose; sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC); hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) or mixtures thereof. Other types of anti-settling agents are based on modified starches, polyacrylates, polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene oxide or mixtures.
Suspension aid or the suspending agent in the present description denotes a natural or synthetic, organic or inorganic material with which the active substance is combined in order to facilitate its application to the plant, to the seeds or to the soil. This carrier is hence generally inert, and it must be agriculturally acceptable, in particular to the plant being treated. The carrier may be solid (clays, natural or synthetic silicates, silica, resins, waxes, solid fertilizers, and the like or mixtures thereof) or liquid (water, alcohols, ketones, petroleum fractions, aromatic or paraffinic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, liquefied gases, and the like or mixtures thereof).
Examples of suspending agent used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation, SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation include but not limited to Aluminium Magnesium Silicate, Bentonite clay, Silica, Attapulgite clay.
Example of solvents used herein for the Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to vegetable oil (plant, seed or tree) or its alkylated or ethoxylated or esterified. The alkylated vegetable oil may be methylated vegetable oil or ethylated vegetable oil. The vegetable oils include olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed-mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil. The alkyl ester of vegetable oils includes methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or butyl ester of vegetable oils. Some of the examples are methylated seed oil, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkylphenol ethoxylate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl ester, soybean oil butyl ester, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl ester, castor oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl ester, tall oil fatty acids esters-tallow methyl ester, tallow ethyl ester, tallow propyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil (aromatic solvents, isoparaffin, base solvent), fatty acid amides (e.g. C1 -C3 amines, alkylamines or alkanolamines with C6–C18 carboxylic acids), fatty acids, alkyl esters of fatty acids, methyl and ethyl oleate, methyl and ethyl soyate, alkyl benzenes and alkylnaphthalenes, polyalkylene glycol ethers, fatty acid diesters, fatty alkylamides and diamides, dialkylene carbonates, ketones and alcohols. The above oil based carrier/diluting agents may be used as solo or mixture of two or more if desired.
Example of co-solvents used herein for the Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to Cyclohexanone, Acetophenone, NMP, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Benzyl alcohol, Butanol, N-octanol, N-Propanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, Tetrahydro furfuryl alcohol, Isophorone, Fatty acid dimethyl amide, 2-hexylethyl lactate, Propylene carbonate.
Examples of Diluent/Solvent used herein for Suspension Concentrate (SC) formulation includes and not limited to water.
Example of solvents used herein for the SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation includes but not limited to water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers. Water soluble alcohol or lower alcohol (1-4 carbon atoms) includes-methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol. Macromolecular alcohol includes polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol etc., dihydroxy alcohol ethers includes dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether, etc. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, 5 diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether, and the like. Any of the mentioned solvent can be used either alone or in combinations thereof. Paraffinic hydrocarbons, cyclohexanone, isophorone and ester solvents such as methyloleate, dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16 fatty acids, and mono-alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonates, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2-ethylhexanol and n-butanol, n-alkylpyrrolidones, fatty acid dimethyl esters, fatty acid esters, dibasic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, one or more dimethylamides, such as C8-dimethylamide, C10-dimethylamide, C12-dimethylamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, methylpyrrolidinone (NMP); dimethylformamide (DMF); dimethylisosorbide (DMI); isophorone; acetophenone; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonone; lactate esters; dimethyl and diethylcarbonates; alcohols including methanol; ethanol; iso-propanol; n-propanol; n-butanol; iso-butanol; and tert-butanol; Methyl L-lactate, 2-Ethylhexyl L-lactate, Ethyl L-lactate, n-Butyl L-lactate, Octyl phenyl ethoxylates.
Examples of Carrier used herein for WG (Wettable Granule) formulation includes but not limited to china clay, silica, lactose anhydrous, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, corn starch, urea, EDTA, urea formaldehyde resin, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bole, loess, talc, chalk, dolomite, limestone, lime, calcium carbonate, powdered magnesia, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, gypsum, calcium sulphate, pyrophyllite, silicates and silica gels; fertilizers such as, for example, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and urea; natural products of vegetable origin such as, for example, grain meals and flours, bark meals, wood meals, nutshell meals and cellulosic powders; and synthetic polymeric materials such as, for example, ground or powdered plastics and resins, bentonites, zeolites, titanium dioxide, iron oxides and hydroxides, aluminium oxides and hydroxides, or organic materials such as bagasse, charcoal, or synthetic organic polymers.
Examples of Disintegrating agent used herein for WG (Water Dispersible /Wettable Granule) formulation includes but not limited to citric acid, succinic acid or the sodium bicarbonate.
Examples of Humectant used herein for SC (Suspension concentrate) formulation, Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation and WG (Wettable Granule) formulation includes but not limited to urea, humic acid, glycerol, lactose.
Emulsifying agent used herein for the Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate.
Example of emulsifier used herein for the Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation includes but not limited to salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkylphenoletherphosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, e.g. ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid esters, e.g. of sorbitol, and their ethoxylated derivatives, ethoxylated amines, and condensates of glycerol; and catanionic emulsifiers such as a cationic amine, optionally in combination with an alkylsulphonate or ether sulphonate or ether phosphate, alkoxylated alcohols; alkoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated vegetable oils; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; fatty acid esters of sorbitol and ethoxylated derivatives thereof; ethoxylated amines and condensates of glycerol; sulfonated alkylbenzenes in the range C11-C16 and salts thereof; alkylether sulphates; alkyletherphosphates; alkylphenoletherphosphates; or combinations thereof; salts of phosphate esters of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; salts of sulphated ethers of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; or a catanionic system, wherein a cationic amine is present in combination with an alkylsulphonate, an alkylethersulphonate, an ether sulphate, or an ether phosphate such as an alkyletherphosphate, nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene, tributyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.
Stabilizers or stabilizing agent used herein for the Oil dispersion (OD) formulation includes but not limited to hectorite clay, aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.
Examples of Stabilizers or stabilizing agent used herein for the Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation includes but not limited to butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Epichlorhydrin.
Buffering agent used herein for the SE (Suspo Emulsion) formulation includes but not limited to calcium hydroxyapatite, Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate, Sodium Hydroxide, carbonated apatite, calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, tricalcium phosphate, calcium phosphates, carbonated calcium phosphates, amine monomers, lactate dehydrogenase and magnesium hydroxide.
While the foregoing written description of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use what is considered presently to be the best mode thereof, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention. The invention shall now be described with reference to the following specific examples. It should be noted that the example(s) appended below illustrate rather than limit the invention, and that those skilled in the art will be able to design many alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the present invention.
These and other aspects of the invention may become more apparent from the examples set forth herein below. These examples are provided merely as illustrations of the invention and are not intended to be construed as a limitation thereof.
EXAMPLE 1:
SC (Suspension Concentrate) formulation of Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 5%
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 4.00
Difenoconazole a.i. 10.00
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 5.00
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 5.00
Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt 2.00
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Tristryphenole with 16 moles EO 2.00
Bentonite clay 2.00
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one 0.20
1,2-Propylene glycol 5.00
Xanthan gum 0.20
Water 61.30
Total 100.00

Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Storage stability- Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SC (Suspension Concentrate).
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.15 4.25
Difenoconazole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.50 10.35 10.50
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.50 5.25 5.19 5.24
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.55 95.65 96.25
Difenoconazole suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.14 94.56 97.91
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.13 94.25 96.10
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.55 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 510 520 520
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil
Spreading diameter (after 1 minute) max. Mini 9 mm 15 13 14
Room temperature storage data
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.25 4.24
Difenoconazole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.48
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 4.75 to 5.50 5.25 5.25 5.24
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.55 95.65 96.25
Difenoconazole suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.14 94.56 97.91
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.13 94.25 96.10
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.50 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 510 515 520
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil
Spreading diameter (after 1 minute) max. Mini 9 mm 15 13 14

Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SC
Step 1: Preparation of 2% Gum Solution: Charge Xanthan gum (2.0 kg) and 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (2.0 kg) into 96.0 kg water and homogenize. It should be made 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: Charge DM water (51.30 kg) and 1, 2-propylene glycol (5 kg) into designated vessel and ix thoroughly.
Step 3: Add Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt (2.0 kg), Acrylic graft copolymer (3 kg),Tristryphenole with 16 moles EO (2.0 kg) and Bentonite clay (2.0 kg) into the vessel having water and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4: Then add Paclobutrazol technical (4 kg), Chlorantraniliprole technical (5.0 kg) and Difenoconazole technical (10.0 kg) to this premix slowly and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5: Before grinding half the quantity of Polydimethylsiloxane (0.15 kg) was added and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
Step 6: Add remaining Polydimethyl siloxane (0.15 kg) antifoam was added after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7: Finally add 10.0 kg of 2% Xanthum gum solution and 5.0 kg of Trisiloxane ethoxylate (super wetting-spreading-penetrating agent) to this formulation and homogenized for 30 minutes.
Step 8: Now send this final formulation to QC for quality check.

EXAMPLE 2:
SC (Suspension Concentrate) formulation of Paclobutrazol 4% + Hexaconazole 8% + Emamectin benzoate 2%
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 4.00
Hexaconazole a.i. 8.00
Emamectin Benzoate a.i. 2.00
Copolymer butanol EO/PO 3.50
Acrylic graft copolymer 2.50
Attapulgite clay 2.00
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one 0.15
1,2-Propylene glycol 5.00
Xanthan gum 0.15
Water 72.40
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.

Storage stability- Paclobutrazol 4%+ Hexaconazole 8%+Emamectin benzoate 2% SC (Suspension Concentrate).
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.15 4.25
Hexaconazole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.25 8.14 8.25
Emamectin Benzoate content percent by mass 1.90 to 2.20 2.25 2.23 2.24
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.55 96.65 96.25
Hexaconazole suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.14 94.56 97.91
Emamectin Benzoate suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.13 94.25 96.10
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.70 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.05 1.05 1.05
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 600 630 610
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.25 4.23
Hexaconazole content percent by mass 7.60 to 8.80 8.25 8.25 8.25
Emamectin Benzoate content percent by mass 1.90 to 2.20 2.25 2.25 2.24
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.55 96.65 96.25
Hexaconazole suspensibility percent mini. 80 98.14 94.56 97.91
Emamectin Benzoate suspensibility percent mini. 80 97.13 94.25 96.10
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.50 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.05 1.05 1.05
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 350 -800 cps 600 600 610
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil

Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Paclobutrazol 4%+Hexaconazole 8%+Emamectin benzoate 2% SC
Step 1: 2% Gum Solution: Charge Xanthan gum (2.0 kg) and 1, 2-benzisothiazoline-3-one (2.0 kg) into 96.0 kg water and homogenize. It should be made 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: Charge DM water (64.90 kg) and 1, 2-propylene glycol (5 kg) into designated vessel and mix thoroughly.
Step 3: Add Copolymer butanol EO/PO (3.5 kg), Acrylic graft copolymer (2.5 kg) and Attapulgite clay (2.0 kg) into the vessel having water and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4: Then add Paclobutrazol technical (4 kg), Hexaconazole technical (8.0 kg) and Emamectin Benzoate technical (2.0 kg) to this premix slowly and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 5: Before grinding half the quantity of Polydimethylsiloxane (0.15 kg) was added and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
Step 6: Add remaining Polydimethyl siloxane (0.15 kg) antifoam was added after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 7: -Finally add 7.50 kg of 2% Xanthum gum solution to this formulation and homogenized for 30 minutes.
Step 8: Now send this final formulation to QC for quality check.

EXAMPLE 3:
WG (Wettable Granule) formulation of Paclobutrazol 12% + Hexaconazole 20% +Chlorantraniliprole 14%
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 12.00
Hexaconazole a.i. 20.00
Chlorantraniliprole a.i. 14.00
Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt 3.00
Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate 7.00
Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 3.00
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Sodium sulfate anhydrous 10.00
Corn starch 5.00
China Clay 25.00
Total 100.00

Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Storage stability- Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 14% WG (Wettable Granules).
Laboratory storage stability for 14 days
Parameters specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 11.40 to 12.60 12.5 12.35 12.5
Hexaconazole content percent by mass 19.00 to 21.00 20.3 20.1 20.3
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 13.30 to 14.70 14.25 14.1 14.25
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent min. 70 97.15 95.5 97.52
Hexaconazole suspensibility percent min. 70 97.9 95.5 94.56
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 70 95.75 93.11 94.25
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.5
Wettability sec. max. 60 8 9 10
Wet sieve (45 micron) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.5 99.2 99.3
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.45 to 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture content percent by mass max. max. 2% 1.1 0.8 1
Room temperature storage stability
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 11.40 to 12.60 12.5 12.5 12.45
Hexaconazole contnet percent by mass 19.00 to 21.00 20.3 20.3 20.28
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 13.30 to 14.70 14.25 14.25 14.23
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent min. 70 97.15 95.5 97.52
Hexaconazole suspensibility percent min. 70 97.9 95.5 94.56
Chlorantraniliprole suspensibility percent min. 70 95.75 93.11 94.25
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 7.5 7.5 7.7 7.5
Wettability sec. max. 60 8 9 10
Wet sieve (45 micron) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.5 99.2 99.3
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.45 to 0.75 0.5 0.5 0.5
Moisture content percent by mass max. max. 2% 1.1 0.8 1.1

Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 14% WG
Step 1: Charge the 25 kg China clay, 5 kg Corn starch, 10.0 kg Sodium sulfate anhydrous, 0.5 kg silicone antifoam, 3 kg Alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, 7 kg Sodium Methyl Oleoyl Taurate and 3.0 kg of Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend into a ribbon or premix blender and homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2: Now charge 12.0 kg Paclobutrazol technical, 20 kg Hexaconazole technical and 14.0 kg Chlorantraniliprole technical and again homogenize for 30 minutes and now this Pre-blended material is then grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3: Finely grinded powder is mixed with 10 kg of water having 0.5 kg silicone antifoam to form extrudable dough.
Step 4: Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 5: Wet granules are passed through Fluidized bed drier to remove 10 kg extra water added and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 6: Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 7: After approval material is packed in required pack sizes.

EXAMPLE 4:
WG (Wettable Granules) formulation of Paclobutrazole 10% + Tebuconazole 40% + Flubendiamide 22.5%
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 10.00
Tebuconazole a.i. 40.00
Flubendiamide a.i. 22.50
Sodium ligno sulfonate 5.00
Sodium polycarboxylate 12.00
Trisiloxane ethoxylate 5.00
Silicone antifoam 1.00
Precipitated Silica 2.00
Lactose monohydrate 2.50
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Storage stability- Paclobutrazole 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+Flubendiamide 22.5% WG (Wettable Granules).
Laboratory storage stability for 14 days
Parameters specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.3 10.15 10.3
Tebuconazole contnet percent by mass 38.0 to 42.0 40.25 40.1 40.25
Flubendiamide content percent by mass 21.375 to 23.625 22.80 22.6 22.80
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent min. 70 97.15 95.5 97.52
Tebuconazole suspensibility percent min. 70 97.9 95.5 94.56
Flubendiamide suspensibility percent min. 70 95.75 93.11 94.25
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 7.5 7.03 7.01 7.03
Wettability sec. max. 60 8 9 9
Wet sieve (45 micron) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.5 99.2 99.3
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.50 to 0.75 0.65 0.65 0.65
Moisture content percent by mass max. max. 2% 1.1 0.8 1
Spreading diameter (after 1 minute) max. Mini 9 mm 12 10 12
Room temperature storage stability
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.3 10.3 10.26
Tebuconazole contnet percent by mass 38.0 to 42.0 40.25 40.25 40.22
Flubendiamide content percent by mass 21.375 to 23.625 22.80 22.80 22.80
Paclobutrazol suspensibility percent min. 70 97.15 97.15 97.52
Tebuconazole suspensibility percent min. 70 97.9 97.9 94.56
Flubendiamide suspensibility percent min. 70 95.75 95.75 94.25
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.5 to 7.5 7.03 7.01 7.03
Wettability sec. max. 60 8 9 9
Wet sieve (45 micron) percent by mass min. 98.5 99.5 99.2 99.3
Bulk density (g/ml) 0.50 to 0.75 0.65 0.65 0.65
Moisture content percent by mass max. max. 2% 1.1 0.8 1
Spreading diameter (after 1 minute) max. Mini 9 mm 12 12 12

Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch Paclobutrazole 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+Flubendiamide 22.5% WG
Step 1: Charge the 2.5 kg Lactose monohydrate, 2 kg Precipitated Silica, 0.5 kg silicone antifoam, 5 kg sodium lignosulfonate, 12 kg Sodium polycarboxylate, into a ribbon or premix blender and homogenization for 30 minutes.
Step 2: Now charge 10.0 kg Paclobutrazol technical, 40 kg Tebuconazole technical and 22.5 kg Flubendiamide technical and again homogenize for 30 minutes and now this Pre-blended material is then grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills. Finely grinded material is blended in post blender till it becomes homogeneous. (for approx 1.5 hr)
Step 3: Finely grinded powder is mixed with 5 kg of Trisiloxane ethoxylate, 5 kg of water having 0.5 kg silicone antifoam to form extrudable dough.
Step 4: Dough is passed through extruder to get granules of required size.
Step 5: Wet granules are passed through Fluidized bed drier to remove 5 kg extra water added and further graded using vibrating screens.
Step 6: Final product is sent for QC approval.
Step 7: After approval material is packed in required pack sizes.

EXAMPLE 5:
SE (Suspo-Emulsion) formulation of Paclobutrazol 4.5% + Propiconazole 12% + Emamectin benzoate 1.66%.
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 4.50
Propiconazole a.i. 12.00
Emamectin Benzoate a.i. 1.66
Aromatic solvent 10.00
Copolymer butanol EO/PO 3.50
Acrylic graft copolymer 3.00
Tristryphenole with 16 moles EO 5.00
Bentonite clay 2.00
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
1,2- benzisothiazoline-3-one 0.15
1,2-Propylene glycol 5.00
Xanthan gum 0.15
Water 52.74
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
Storage stability-
Paclobutrazol 4.5%+ Propiconazole 12%+ Emamectin benzoate 1.66% SE (Suspoemulsions)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 4.275 to 4.95 4.70 4.55 4.70
Propiconazole content percent by mass 11.40 to 12.60 12.30 12.10 12.30
Emamectin Benzoate content percent by mass 1.577 to 1.826 1.80 1.70 1.79
Dispersion stability 0 hr(Initial dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
0.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.60 0.50
24 hr( Re-dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
24.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.60 0.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.80 6.95 6.80
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 300 -900 cps 600 625 610
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 4.275 to 4.95 4.70 4.70 4.68
Propiconazole content percent by mass 11.40 to 12.60 12.30 12.30 12.28
Emamectin Benzoate content percent by mass 1.577 to 1.826 1.80 1.80 1.79
Dispersion stability 0 hr(Initial dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
0.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 hr( Re-dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
24.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.80 6.80 6.85
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 300 -900 cps 600 600 610
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil

Manufacturing process for 100 kg batch of Paclobutrazol 4.5% +Propiconazole 12%+ Emamectin benzoate 1.66% SE
Step 1: Preparation of 2% Gum Solution: Charge 2 kg Xanthan gum and 2 kg 1,2-benzisothiazoline-3-one into 96 kg water and homogenizeand should be made 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2 : Preparation of EC premix: Add 10.0 kg of Aromatic solvent into other vessel having slow stirring. Now add 12.0 kg of Propiconazole technical, 1.66 kg of Emamectin Benzoate technical and 5.0 kg of Tristrylphenol with 16 moles EO and mix properly for 30-45 minutes
Step 3: Charge 45.24kg of DM water and 5 kg of 1,2-propylene glycol into designated vessel and mix thoroughly
Step 4: Add 2 kg of Bentonite clay, 3.5 kg of Copolymer butanol EO/PO,3.0 kg of Acrylic graft copolymer,and 0.15 kg of Polydimethylsiloxane into the vessel having water and homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 5: Then add 4.5 kg of Paclobutrazol technical to this premix slowly and homogenised to get uniform slurry ready for grinding.
Step 6: Before grinding half the quantity of antifoam was added and then material was subjected to grinding in Dyno mill till desired particle size is achieved.
Step 7: Add remaining 0.15 kg of Polydimethyl siloxane antifoam was added after grinding process completes and before sampling for in process analysis.
Step 8: Now mix EC premix to this milled slurry under slow stirring and homogenize for 30-45 minutes
Step 9: Finally add 7.5 kg of 2% gum solution to this formulation and send to QC for quality check.

EXAMPLE 6:
OD (Oil Dispersion) formulation of Paclobutrazol 4%+ Difenoconazole 10% + Cyantraniliprole 10%.
Ingredients Percent (w/w)
Paclobutrazol a.i. 4.00
Difenoconazole a.i. 10.00
Cyantraniliprole a.i. 10.00
Castor oil ethoxylate 40 moles 5.00
Copolymer butanol EO/PO 5.00
Tristryphenole with 16 moles EO 10.00
Precipitated Silica 1.50
Polydimethyl siloxane 0.30
Methylated Seed Oil 54.20
Total 100.00
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.

Storage stability- Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD (Oil Dispersion)
Laboratory storage for 14 days
Parameters Specification (in house) Initial At 54±2 0C At 0±2 0C
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.15 4.25
Difenoconazole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.50 10.35 10.50
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 5.25 5.19 5.24
Dispersion stability 0 hr(Initial dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
0.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.60 0.50
24 hr( Re-dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
24.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.60 0.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.55 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.70 97.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 600 -1200 cps 900 950 920
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil
Room temperature storage
Parameters Specification (in house) 1 month 6 months 12 months
Paclobutrazol content percent by mass 3.80 to 4.40 4.25 4.25 4.24
Difenoconazole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 10.50 10.50 10.47
Chlorantraniliprole content percent by mass 9.50 to 10.50 5.25 5.25 5.24
Dispersion stability 0 hr(Initial dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
0.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.50 0.50
24 hr( Re-dispersion complete) Complies Complies Complies
24.5 hr(Max 2ml Cream and 2 ml sedimentation) 0.50 0.50 0.50
pH range (1% aq. Suspension) 5.0 to7.5 6.50 6.50 6.50
Pourability 95 % min 98.60 98.70 97.60
Specific gravity 1.05 – 1.15 1.08 1.08 1.08
Viscosity at spindle no.62, 20 rpm 600 -1200 cps 900 900 920
Particle size (micron) D50 <3, D90 <10 2.2, 7.9 2.6, 8.5 2.7, 8.5
Persistent foam ml (after 1 minute) max. 60 nil nil nil

Manufacturing Process for 100 kg batch of Paclobutrazol 4% + Difenoconazole 10% + Cyantraniliprole 10% OD
Step 1: Preparation of 15% Precipitated Silica Solution: Add 15 kg of Precipitated Silica in to 85 kg of Methylated seed oil and also and homogenized till it gets completely dissolved. It must be kept for 12-18 hour prior to use.
Step 2: OD Premix:
Charge 44.20 kg of Methylated seed oil into a designated vessel for OD production.
Step 3: Now add 5.0 kg of Castor oil ethoxylate 40 moles, 5.0 kg of Copolymer butanol EO/PO,10.0 kg of Tristryphenole with 16 moles EO and 0.15 kg of Polydimethyl siloxane homogenise the contents for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser.
Step 4: Add 4.0 kg of Paclobutrazol technical, 10.0 kg of Difenoconazole technical and 10.0 kg of Cyantraniliprole technical, into this premix and homogenized for 30-45 minutes
Step 5: Add remaining 0.15 kg of Silicon antifoam and 10 kg of 15% Silica solution after milling to avoid foaming
Step 6: Send this final formulation to QC for quality check

EXAMPLE 3:
Lists of preferred combinations and formulations:
Compound A Compound B Compound C Active Ingredients (%)
Formulation Strength (%) Formulation Type
A B C
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Chlorantraniliprole 4 10 5 19.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Tetraniliprole 4 10 9 23.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Flubendiamide 4 10 9 23.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Broflanilide 4 10 2.4 16.40 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Indoxacarb 5 9 12 26.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Emamectin benzoate 5 9 2 16.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Methoxyfenozide 2.5 4.5 20 27.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Dichloromezotiaz 5 9 10 24.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Mefentrifluconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5.5 15 7 27.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Mefentrifluconazole Cyantraniliprole 5.5 15 14 34.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Mefentrifluconazole Broflanilide 5.5 15 2.5 23.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Mefentrifluconazole Indoxacarb 4.4 12 12 28.40 SC
Paclobutrazol Mefentrifluconazole Emamectin benzoate 5.5 15 2.5 23.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Prothioconazole Chlorantraniliprole 3 10 4 17.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Prothioconazole Tetraniliprole 3 10 8 21.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Prothioconazole Broflanilide 3 10 1.6 14.60 SC
Paclobutrazol Prothioconazole Indoxacarb 3 10 8 21.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Prothioconazole Emamectin benzoate 3 10 1.33 14.33 SC
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Abamectin 4.5 18 2 24.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Fluxametamide 4.5 18 8 30.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Isocycloseram 4.5 18 8 30.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Oxazosulfyl 4.5 18 10 32.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Dichloromezotiaz 4.5 18 10 32.50 SC
Paclobutrazol Cyproconazole Emamectin benzoate 4 15 2 21.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Flusilazole Emamectin benzoate 4 9 2 15.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Ipconazole Emamectin benzoate 4 8 2 14.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Emamectin benzoate 4 8 2 14.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Tetraconazole Emamectin benzoate 4 10 2 16.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Cyproconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 12 6 23.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Flusilazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 8 6 19.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Ipconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 7 6 18.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 8 6 19.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Tetraconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 8 6 19.00 SC
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Cyantraniliprole 4 10 10 24.00 OD
Paclobutrazol Epoxiconazole Chlorantraniliprole 5 10 6 21.00 SE
Paclobutrazol Epoxiconazole Cyantraniliprole 5 10 10 25.00 SE
Paclobutrazol Epoxiconazole Broflanilide 5 10 9 24.00 SE
Paclobutrazol Epoxiconazole Indoxacarb 5 10 9 24.00 SE
Paclobutrazol Epoxiconazole Emamectin benzoate 5 10 2.4 17.40 SE
Paclobutrazol Propiconazole Chlorantraniliprole 4.5 12 5 21.50 SE
Paclobutrazol Propiconazole Indoxacarb 4.5 12 10 26.50 SE
Paclobutrazol Difenoconazole Novaluron 5 9 15 29.00 SE
Paclobutrazol Propiconazole Emamectin benzoate 4.5 12 1.66 18.16 SE
Paclobutrazol Propiconazole Fluxametamide 4.5 12 6 22.50 SE
Paclobutrazol Propiconazole Isocycloseram 4.5 12 6 22.50 SE

Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Chlorantraniliprole 12 20 14 46.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Cyantraniliprole 12 20 28 60.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Tetraniliprole 12 20 20 52.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Flubendiamide 12 20 20 52.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Hexaconazole Broflanilide 12 20 6 38.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Chlorantraniliprole 10 40 15 65.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Cyantraniliprole 10 40 25 75.00 WG
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Tetraniliprole 10 40 22.5 72.50 WG
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Flubendiamide 10 40 22.5 72.50 WG
Paclobutrazol Tebuconazole Broflanilide 10 40 6 56.00 WG
Active ingredients on the basis of 100% purity.
SE Suspo Emulsion, OD Oil Dispersion, SC Suspension Concentrate, WG Wettable Granules.
Biological Examples:
The synergistic pesticide action of the inventive mixtures can be demonstrated by the experiments below. A synergistic effect exists wherever the action of a combination (ready-mix) or tank mix of active ingredient is greater than the sum of the action of each of the components alone. Therefore a synergistically effective amount or an effective amount of a synergistic composition or combination is an amount that exhibits greater pesticide activity than the sum of the pesticide activities of the individual components.
In the field of agriculture, it is often understood that the term “synergy” is as defined by Colby S.R. in an article entitled “ Calculation of the synergistic and antagonistic responses of herbicide combinations” published in the journal Weeds, 1967, 15, p.20-22, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. The action expected for a given combination of two or three active components can be calculated as follows:

The objective of the present studies were to study the synergism between paclobutrazol, at least one triazole fungicide and at least one insecticide.
Example 1: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaf spot disease and foliage feeder control and yield.
Crop : Groundnut
Location : Junagadh, Gujarat
Number of Treatments: 24
Method of application: foliar spray
Water volume : 400 liter per hectare
Observation Methods:
Leaf spot disease control (%): The observation on severity of Leaf (Tikka) spot (caused by Cercospora arachidicola) was recorded by observing 100 leaflet (plant) per plot (0 to 10 rating, 0-means no disease, 10-means plant completely damaged due to disease), and disease severity (PDI percent disease index) was calculated and disease control (%) or reduction over UTC plot were re-calculated. Observations recorded on 7th days after application.

Foliage feeder larval control (%): Count the number of live larvae per plant, record observations from 25 plants per plot on 10th day after spray. Calculate larval control (%). The mixed infestation of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera), tobacco leaf earing caterpillar (Spodoptera litura) were observed as foliage feeder in trial plot.

Pod count: Count the number of marketable pods per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot at time of harvest.

Table 1: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SC 20+50+25
T2 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 20+50+50
T3 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Tetraniliprole 9% SC 20+50+45
T4 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Flubendiamide 19% SC 20+50+45
T5 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10%+Broflanilide 2.4% SC 20+50+12
T6 Difenoconazole 10%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SC 50+25
T7 Difenoconazole 10%+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 50+50
T8 Difenoconazole 10%+Tetraniliprole 9% SC 50+45
T9 Difenoconazole 10%+Flubendiamide 19% SC 50+45
T10 Difenoconazole 10%+Broflanilide 2.4% SC 50+12
T11 Paclobutrazol 4%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SC 20+25
T12 Paclobutrazol 4%+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 20+50
T13 Paclobutrazol 4%+Tetraniliprole 9% SC 20+45
T14 Paclobutrazol 4%+Flubendiamide 19% SC 20+45
T15 Paclobutrazol 4%+Broflanilide 2.4% SC 20+12
T16 Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10% SC 20+50
T17 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 20
T18 Difenoconazole 25% EC 50
T19 Chlorantraniliprole 20% w/v (18.5% w/w) SC 25
T20 Cyantraniliprole 10% w/v (10.26% w/w) OD 50
T21 Tetraniliprole 20% w/v (18.18% w/w) SC 45
T22 Flubendiamide 48% w/v (39.35% w/w) SC 45
T23 Broflanilide 30% w/v SC 12
T24 Untreated Check (UTC) -

SC suspension concentrate, OD oil dispersion, T1 to T5 are novel/innovative compositions, T6 to T16 are known compositions, T17 to T23 are market products.

Table 2a: Control of leaf spot disease and foliage feeder in Groundnut
Treatment Number Leaf spot disease control (%) Foliage feeder larval control (%)
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N) Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 99.8 79.6 1.25 Y 100.0 88.3 1.13 Y
T2 99.2 79.8 1.24 Y 100.0 87.0 1.15 Y
T3 99.4 79.7 1.25 Y 100.0 87.7 1.14 Y
T4 98.8 79.7 1.24 Y 100.0 85.9 1.16 Y
T5 99.0 79.8 1.24 Y 100.0 85.3 1.17 Y
T6 73.8 72.7 1.02 88.2 87.7 1.01
T7 73.6 72.9 1.01 87.6 86.3 1.02
T8 74.0 72.8 1.02 88.4 87.0 1.02
T9 73.2 72.7 1.01 86.4 85.2 1.01
T10 74.4 73.0 1.02 85.2 84.5 1.01
T11 30.8 30.2 1.02 88.8 87.1 1.02
T12 31.4 30.8 1.02 86.6 85.6 1.01
T13 31.2 30.6 1.02 87.4 86.3 1.01
T14 30.8 30.3 1.02 85.0 84.5 1.01
T15 31.4 30.9 1.02 84.4 83.7 1.01
T16 94.2 78.2 1.20 14.8 14.3 1.03
T17 25.4 5.2
T18 70.8 9.6
T19 6.4 86.4
T20 7.2 84.8
T21 7.0 85.6
T22 6.6 83.6
T23 7.4 82.8
T24 0.0 0.0
Higher the Colby’s ratio means stronger the synergism.

Table 2b: Pod yields

Treatment Number Number of pods per plant at harvest Increase (%) in pods over UTC
T1 46.2 134.5
T2 45.4 130.5
T3 45.9 133.0
T4 43.2 119.3
T5 43.8 122.3
T6 36.3 84.3
T7 35.4 79.7
T8 34.8 76.6
T9 34.5 75.1
T10 33.4 69.5
T11 35.7 81.2
T12 34.6 75.6
T13 34.8 76.6
T14 33.3 69.0
T15 33.2 68.5
T16 37.5 90.4
T17 26.4 34.0
T18 28.6 45.2
T19 24.6 24.9
T20 24 21.8
T21 23.8 20.8
T22 22.4 13.7
T23 23.6 19.8
T24 19.7 0.0
All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of leaf spot disease and foliage feeders and also produces higher number marketable pods per plant.

Example 2: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) leaf spot disease and foliage feeder control and yield.
Crop : Groundnut
Location : Dhrol, Gujarat
Number of Treatments: 24
Method of application: foliar spray
Water volume : 380 liter per hectare
Observation Methods: same as given in Example 1.
Table 3: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Chlorantraniliprole 14% WG 24+40+28
T2 Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Cyantraniliprole 28% WG 24+40+56
T3 Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Tetraniliprole 20% WG 24+40+40
T4 Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Flubendiamide 20% WG 24+40+40
T5 Paclobutrazol 12%+Hexaconazole 20%+Broflanilide 6% WG 24+40+12
T6 Hexaconazole 75% WG+Chlorantraniliprole 35% WG 40+28
T7 Hexaconazole 75% WG+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 40+56
T8 Hexaconazole 75% WG+Tetraniliprole 20% SC 40+40
T9 Hexaconazole 5% WG+Flubendiamide 3.5% WG 50+35
T10 Hexaconazole 75% WG+Broflanilide 30% SC 40+12
T11 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Chlorantraniliprole 35% WG 24+28
T12 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 24+56
T13 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Tetraniliprole 20% SC 24+40
T14 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Flubendiamide 20% WG 24+40
T15 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Broflanilide 30% SC 24+12
T16 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Hexaconazole 75% WG 24+40
T17 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 24
T18 Hexaconazole 75% WG 40
T19 Chlorantraniliprole 35% WG 28
T20 Cyantraniliprole 10% w/v (10.26% w/w) OD 56
T21 Tetraniliprole 20% w/v (18.18% w/w) SC 40
T22 Flubendiamide 20% WG 40
T23 Broflanilide 30% w/v SC 12
T24 Untreated Check (UTC) -

WG wettable granule, SC suspension concentrate, OD oil dispersion, T1 to T5 are innovative compositions, T6 to T16 are on farm tank mixes, T17 to T23 are market products.

Table 4a: Control of leaf spot disease and foliage feeder in Groundnut:

Treatment Number Leaf spot disease control (%) Foliage feeder larval control (%)
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N) Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 94.8 77.3 1.23 Y 100.0 89.9 1.11 Y
T2 95.2 77.5 1.23 Y 100.0 87.5 1.14 Y
T3 93.4 77.2 1.21 Y 100.0 84.9 1.18 Y
T4 94.0 77.2 1.22 Y 97.4 85.4 1.14 Y
T5 92.2 77.4 1.19 Y 98.6 85.6 1.15 Y
T6 70.0 68.6 1.02 91.2 89.3 1.02
T7 70.2 68.8 1.02 89.6 86.7 1.03
T8 70.0 68.4 1.02 88.8 84.0 1.06
T9 70.6 68.4 1.03 86.8 84.5 1.03
T10 71.4 68.6 1.04 87.2 84.7 1.03
T11 33.6 32.9 1.02 92.6 89.1 1.04
T12 34.8 33.4 1.04 91.2 86.5 1.05
T13 33.6 32.4 1.04 89.2 83.6 1.07
T14 33.0 32.6 1.01 90.0 84.2 1.07
T15 34.8 33.0 1.05 88.8 84.4 1.05
T16 88.4 75.6 1.17 14.2 13.3 1.07
T17 27.8 6.0
T18 66.2 7.8
T19 7.0 88.4
T20 7.8 85.6
T21 6.4 82.6
T22 6.6 83.2
T23 7.2 83.4
T24 0.0 0.0

Table 4b: Pod yield in Groundnut:

Treatment Number Number of pods per plant at harvest Increase (%) in pods over UTC
T1 47.0 120.7
T2 45.1 111.7
T3 46.6 118.8
T4 45.6 114.1
T5 44.7 109.9
T6 36.6 71.8
T7 35.4 66.2
T8 36.2 70.0
T9 34.5 62.0
T10 33.6 57.7
T11 32.2 51.2
T12 31.1 46.0
T13 31.8 49.3
T14 34.4 61.5
T15 32.0 50.2
T16 32.7 53.5
T17 24.2 13.6
T18 25.4 19.2
T19 28.5 33.8
T20 27.8 30.5
T21 30.3 42.3
T22 31.6 48.4
T23 27.6 29.6
T24 21.3 0.0

All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of leaf spot disease and foliage feeders and also produces higher number marketable pods per plant.

Example 3: Chilli (Capsicum annum) leaf spot disease, fruit rot disease and fruit borer larval control and yield.
Crop & Variety : Chilly, Rani
Location : Umreth, Dist. Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 19
Plot size : 40 sq.m.
Crop age : 74 days after transplanting.
Spray water volume : 510 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Observation Methods:
Fruit borer (mixed infestation of Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera exigua) larval control (%)- Count the number of live larvae per plant. Record observations from 10 plants per plot on 7th days after application.

% Fruit borer larval control and fruit rot disease control data were used to check the synergism by applying Colby’s formula given above.
Fruit rot (Colletotrichum capsici) control: Observations was recorded on disease severity in each treatment before and at 14 days after spray. The observations of severity of fruit rot disease were recorded using 0-9 grade. 100 randomly selected fruits per plot were scored as per scale. The percent disease index (PDI) was calculated by the following formula.


Fruit rot disease Grading (0-9 scale):
Grade Symptoms
0 No incidence
1 Less than 1% fruit area infected
3 1-5% fruit area infected
5 6-25% fruit area infected
7 26-50% fruit area infected
9 51-100% fruit area infected

Leaf spot (Colletotrichum capsici) control: same as given in Example 1.
Fruit and flower count: Count the number of flowers and healthy fruits per plant. Record the observations from 10 plants per plot.
Table 5: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+ Chlorantraniliprole 15% WG 20+80+30
T2 Paclobutrazol 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+ Cyantraniliprole 25% WG 20+80+50
T3 Paclobutrazol 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+ Tetraniliprole 22.5% WG 20+80+45
T4 Paclobutrazol 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+ Flubendiamide 22.5% WG 20+80+45
T5 Paclobutrazol 10%+Tebuconazole 40%+ Broflanilide 6% WG 20+80+12
T6 Tebuconazole 50%+Chlorantraniliprole 15% WG 80+30
T7 Tebuconazole 50%+Cyantraniliprole 25% WG 80+50
T8 Tebuconazole 50%+Tetraniliprole 22.5% WG 80+45
T9 Tebuconazole 50%+Flubendiamide 22.5% WG 80+45
T10 Tebuconazole 50%+Broflanilide 6% WG 80+12
T11 Paclobutrazol 25% SC+Tebuconazole 25% WG 20+80
T12 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 20
T13 Tebuconazole 25% WG 80
T14 Chlorantraniliprole 35% WG 30
T15 Cyantraniliprole 10% w/v (10.26% w/w) OD 50
T16 Tetraniliprole 20% w/v (18.18% w/w) SC 45
T17 Flubendiamide 20% WG 45
T18 Broflanilide 30% w/v SC 12
T19 Untreated Check (UTC) -

WG wettable granule, SC suspension concentrate, OD oil dispersion, T1 to T5 are innovative compositions, T6 to T10 are known compositions, T11- on farm tank mixes, T12 to T18 are market products.
Table 6: Chilli leaf spot, fruit rot disease control
Treatment Number Leaf spot disease Fruit rot disease
Severity (%) Incidence (%) Severity (%) Incidence (%)
T1 0.11 0.18 0.00 0.00
T2 0.13 0.19 0.00 0.00
T3 0.12 0.22 0.00 0.00
T4 0.10 0.15 0.00 0.00
T5 0.11 0.17 0.00 0.00
T6 1.17 0.49 1.37 0.64
T7 1.35 0.51 1.46 0.59
T8 1.27 0.52 1.51 0.66
T9 1.17 0.47 1.42 0.72
T10 1.25 0.48 1.39 0.63
T11 0.17 0.31 0.16 0.21
T12 0.72 1.06 0.85 1.17
T13 0.27 0.65 0.19 0.27
T14 8.3 12.6 9.7 15.4
T15 7.9 13.3 10.1 14.9
T16 9.3 11.9 9.3 14.5
T17 8.7 12.4 10.7 16.3
T18 8.5 13.7 8.9 15.3
T19 10.7 19.3 11.7 18.1

All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides excellent control of leaf spot and fruit rot diseases in terms of disease severity and incidence.
Table 7: Fruit borer larval control and fruit yield
Treatment Number Fruit borer larval control (%) Number of flowers per plant Number of Healthy fruits per plant Increase (%) in pods over UTC
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100.0 88.1 1.14 Y 37.6 52.6 74.2
T2 100.0 87.7 1.14 Y 36.6 51.8 71.5
T3 100.0 86.5 1.16 Y 35.8 52.0 72.2
T4 100.0 84.6 1.18 Y 36.0 51.2 69.5
T5 100.0 87.4 1.14 Y 35.4 50.6 67.5
T6 93.2 87.4 1.07 31.8 46.8 55.0
T7 91.4 87.0 1.05 31.4 45.6 51.0
T8 90.8 85.8 1.06 31.0 44.8 48.3
T9 90.6 83.8 1.08 30.6 45.2 49.7
T10 92.8 86.7 1.07 31.4 46.8 55.0
T11 14.4 13.5 1.06 28.4 41.2 36.4
T12 5.2 22.4 37.4 23.8
T13 8.8 26.8 38.6 27.8
T14 86.2 28.4 35.8 18.5
T15 85.8 27.8 34.6 14.6
T16 84.4 26.6 35.2 16.6
T17 82.2 25.6 34.4 13.9
T18 85.4 27.4 33.8 11.9
T19 0.0 22.6 30.2 0.0

All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of fruit borer larvae and also produces higher number of flowers and fruits per plant as compared to known treatments (T6 to T18).

Example 4: Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval control and pod yield in redgram crop (Cajanus cajan).
Crop : Redgram
Location : Dabhoi, Dist. Vadodara, Gujarat
Treatments : 13
Plot size : 60 sq.m.
Crop age : 95 days after sowing.
Spray water volume : 500 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Observation Methods:
Pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera) larval control (%)- same as given in Example 3.
Table 8: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Indoxacarb 12% SC 25+45+60
T2 Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Emamectin benzoate 2% SC 25+45+10
T3 Paclobutrazol 2.5%+Difenoconazole 4.5%+Methoxyfenozide 20% SC 25+45+200
T4 Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Novaluron 15% SE 25+45+75
T5 Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Dichloromezotiaz 10% SC 25+45+50
T6 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 25
T7 Difenoconazole 25% EC 45
T8 Indoxacarb 15% EC 60
T9 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC 10
T10 Methoxyfenozide 24% SC 200
T11 Novaluron 10% EC 75
T12 Dichloromezotiaz 35% WG 50
T13 Untreated Check (UTC) -

Table 9: Pod borer larval control and pod yield
Treatment Number Pod borer larval control (%) Number of Healthy Pods per plant Increase (%) in pods over UTC
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100.0 91.7 1.09 Y 128.3 78.9
T2 95.2 88.0 1.08 Y 124.6 73.8
T3 93.8 87.5 1.07 Y 122.9 71.4
T4 94.2 85.4 1.10 Y 106.3 48.3
T5 100.0 88.4 1.13 Y 115.8 61.5
T6 6.4 82.3 14.8
T7 5.8 81.2 13.2
T8 90.6 96.8 35.0
T9 86.4 94.2 31.4
T10 85.8 91.5 27.6
T11 83.4 88.5 23.4
T12 86.8 92.7 29.3
T13 0.0 71.7 0.0

All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of pod borer larvae and also produces higher number of healthy pods per plant as compared to known treatments (T6 to T12).

Example 5: Control of insect-pests and diseases in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
Crop : Tomato
Location : Anand, Gujarat
Treatments : 13
Plot size : 40 sq.m.
Crop age : 82 days after sowing.
Spray water volume : 500 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Observation Methods:
Fruit borer (Helicoverpa armiger) larval control (%): same as given in Example 3.
Early blight (Alternaria solani) disease control (%): same as given in Example 1.
Table 10: Treatment details
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole 15%+Chlorantraniliprole 7% SC 22+60+28
T2 Paclobutrazol 5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole 15%+Cyantraniliprole 14% SC 22+60+56
T3 Paclobutrazol 5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole 15%+Broflanilide 2.5% SC 22+60+10
T4 Paclobutrazol 4.4%+Mefentrifluconazole 12%+Indoxacarb 12% SC 22+60+60
T5 Paclobutrazol 5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole 15%+Emamectin benzoate 2.5% SC 22+60+10
T6 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 22
T7 Mefentrifluconazole 40% SC 60
T8 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 28
T9 Cyantraniliprole 10% OD 56
T10 Broflanilide 30% SC 10
T11 Indoxacarb 15% EC 60
T12 Emamectin benzoate 1.9% EC 10
T13 Untreated Check (UTC) -
T1 to T5 are innovative compositions.
Table 11: Tomato fruit borer larval control
Treatment Number Fruit borer larval control (%)
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 100.0 92.8 1.08 Y
T2 97.8 91.3 1.07 Y
T3 98.4 90.3 1.09 Y
T4 100.0 92.3 1.08 Y
T5 95.6 88.6 1.08 Y
T6 6.8
T7 10.2
T8 91.4
T9 89.6
T10 88.4
T11 90.8
T12 86.4
T13 0.0
All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic control of tomato fruit borer larval control.
Table 12: Early blight disease control and tomato fruit yield
Treatment Number Early blight disease Number of Healthy fruits per plant Increase (%) in healthy fruits over UTC
Severity (%) Incidence (%)
T1 0.00 0.00 31.3 89.7
T2 0.00 0.00 30.8 86.7
T3 0.00 0.00 30.5 84.8
T4 0.00 0.00 29.7 80.0
T5 0.00 0.00 27.6 67.3
T6 5.73 10.20 24.5 48.5
T7 0.82 1.60 23.4 41.8
T8 7.55 11.40 27.8 68.5
T9 7.93 12.30 26.8 62.4
T10 8.12 12.80 25.9 57.0
T11 7.87 11.90 27.3 65.5
T12 8.26 13.10 24.5 48.5
T13 9.33 16.70 16.5 0.0
All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides excellent control of tomato early blight disease and also produces higher number of marketable fruits.

Example 6: Control of insect-pests and diseases in Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum).
Crop : Bengal gram
Location : Tarapur, Anand, Gujarat.
Treatments : 13
Plot size : 50 sq.m.
Crop age : 85 days after sowing.
Spray water volume : 480 liter per hectare
Method of Application: Foliar spray with battery operated knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle.
Observation Methods:
Pod borer (Helicoverpa armiger) larval control (%): same as given in Example 3.
Leaf blight (Ascophyta spp.) disease control (%): same as given in Example 1.
Table 13: Treatment details:
Treatment Number Treatment compositions gram actives per hectare
T1 Paclobutrazol 4.5%+Propiconazole 12%+Chlorantraniliprole 5% SE 27+72+30
T2 Paclobutrazol 4.5%+Propiconazole 12%+Indoxacarb 10% SE 27+72+60
T3 Paclobutrazol 4.5%+Propiconazole 12%+Emamectin benzoate 1.66% SE 27+72+10
T4 Paclobutrazol 4.5%+Propiconazole 12%+Fluxametamide 6% SE 27+72+36
T5 Paclobutrazol 4.5%+Propiconazole 12%+Isocycloseram 6% SE 27+72+36
T6 Paclobutrazol 25% w/v (23.5% w/w) SC 27
T7 Propiconazole 25% EC 72
T8 Chlorantraniliprole 20% SC 30
T9 Indoxacarb 15% EC 60
T10 Emamectin benzoate 5% SG 10
T11 Fluxametamide 10% EC 36
T12 Isocycloseram 10% DC 36
T13 Untreated Check (UTC) -
T1 to T5 are innovative compositions.
Table 14: Control of pod borer larvae in Bengal gram.
Treatment Number Pod borer larval control (%)
Control observed Control Expected Colby's ratio Synergism (Y/N)
T1 99.2 93.8 1.06 Y
T2 100.0 94.5 1.06 Y
T3 94.2 90.1 1.05 Y
T4 97.6 91.6 1.07 Y
T5 97.0 91.1 1.06 Y
T6 9.6
T7 5.2
T8 92.8
T9 93.6
T10 88.4
T11 90.2
T12 89.6
T13 0.0

All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides synergistic larval control of pod borer.
Table 15: Early blight disease control and pod yield in Bengal gram.
Treatment Number Leaf blight disease Number of Healthy Pods per plant Increase (%) in healthy pods over UTC
Severity (%) Incidence (%)
T1 0.13 0.34 24.1 77.2
T2 0.17 0.51 24.5 80.1
T3 0.15 0.41 21.1 55.1
T4 0.16 0.45 23.3 71.3
T5 0.14 0.36 22.7 66.9
T6 0.47 1.12 17.1 25.7
T7 0.26 0.65 16.6 22.1
T8 1.46 5.96 16.5 21.3
T9 1.38 5.73 17.1 25.7
T10 1.53 6.68 14.7 8.1
T11 1.47 6.14 16.2 19.1
T12 1.63 7.24 15.9 16.9
T13 1.87 11.56 13.6 0.0
All the innovative compositions (T1 to T5) provides excellent control of leaf blight disease and also produces higher number of pods per plant.

Overall field trials summary:
The innovative compositions of Paclobutrazol + at least one triazole fungicide and at least one insecticide provides synergistic and residual control of disease and insects and also produces higher yield.
,CLAIMS:CLAIMS
We claim;

[CLAIM 1]. A synergistic pesticidal composition comprising:
a. Paclobutrazol is present in amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
b. a triazole group of fungicide selected from difenoconazole, mefentrifluconazole, prothioconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenbuconazole, fluoxytioconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, frutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, penconazole, propiconazole, simconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
c. an insecticide selected from class of spinosyns, mectins, chitin, biosynthesis inhibitors, ecdysone receptors agonist, sodium channel blockers, diamides, metadiamides and compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
d. inactive formulation excipients.

[CLAIM 2]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein an insecticide from the class of spinosyns is selected from Spinoza, spinetoram; an insecticide from the class of mectins is selected from Emamectin benzoate, abamectin, ivermectin, lepimectin, milbemectin; an insecticide from the class of chitin biosynthesis inhibitors is selected from bistrifluron, chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; an insecticide from the class of ecdysone receptor agonists is selected from methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, halofenozide, fufenozide, chromafenozide; an insecticide from the class of diamides is selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, tetrachlorantraniliprole, tyclopyrazoflor, cyhalodiamide, flubendiamide, fluchlordiniliprole; an insecticide from the class of metadiamides is selected from broflanilide, cyproflanilide, fluxametamide, isocycloseram, afoxolaner, esafoxolaner, fluralaner, lotilaner, sarolaner; an insecticide compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action is selected from pyridalyl, oxazosulfyl, dichloromezotiaz.

[CLAIM 3]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formulation for the said composition is selected from Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Wettable Granule (WG), Oil dispersion (OD).

[CLAIM 4]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 3, wherein the preferred combinations of active ingredients in the composition for the Suspension concentrate (SC) formulation comprises:
i. Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole 10% +Chlorantraniliprole 5%;
ii. Paclobutrazol 4% + Difenoconazole 10% +Tetraniliprole 9%;
iii. Paclobutrazol 4% + Difenoconazole10% + Flubendiamide 9%;
iv. Paclobutrazol 4%+Difenoconazole10%+Broflanilide2.4%;
v. Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Indoxacarb12%;
vi. Paclobutrazol 5%+Difenoconazole 9%+Emamectin benzoate2%;
vii. Paclobutrazol 2.5%+Difenoconazole4.5%+Methoxyfenozide 20%;
viii. Paclobutrazol5%+Difenoconazole9%+Dichloromezotiaz10%;
ix. Paclobutrazol5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole15%+Chlorantraniliprole 7%;
x. Paclobutrazol5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole15%+Cyantraniliprole14%;
xi. Paclobutrazol5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole15%+Broflanilide2.5%;
xii. Paclobutrazol4.4%+Mefentrifluconazole12%+Indoxacarb12%;
xiii. Paclobutrazol5.5%+Mefentrifluconazole15%+Emamectin benzoate 2.5%;
xiv. Paclobutrazol3%+Prothioconazole10%+Chlorantraniliprole4%;
xv. Paclobutrazol3%+Prothioconazole10%+Tetraniliprole8%;
xvi. Paclobutrazol3%+Prothioconazole10%+Broflanilide1.6%;
xvii. Paclobutrazol3%+Prothioconazole10%+Indoxacarb8%;
xviii. Paclobutrazol3%+Prothioconazole10%+Emamectin benzoate1.33%;
xix. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Tebuconazole18%+Abamectin2%;
xx. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Tebuconazole18%+Fluxametamide8%;
xxi. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Tebuconazole 18%+Isocycloseram 8%;
xxii. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Tebuconazole18%+Oxazosulfyl10%;
xxiii. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Tebuconazole 18 %+Dichloromezotiaz 10%;
xxiv. Paclobutrazol4%+Cyproconazole15%+Emamectin benzoate 2%;
xxv. Paclobutrazol4%+Flusilazole9%+Emamectin benzoate2%;
xxvi. Paclobutrazol4%+Ipconazole8%+Emamectin benzoate2%;
xxvii. Paclobutrazol4%+Hexaconazole8%+Emamectin benzoate2%;
xxviii. Paclobutrazol4%+Tetraconazole10%+Emamectin benzoate2%;
xxix. Paclobutrazol5%+Cyproconazole12%+Chlorantraniliprole 6%;
xxx. Paclobutrazol5%+Flusilazole8%+Chlorantraniliprole 6%;
xxxi. Paclobutrazol5%+Ipconazole7%+Chlorantraniliprole 6%;
xxxii. Paclobutrazol5%+Hexaconazole8%+Chlorantraniliprole 6%;
xxxiii. Paclobutrazol5%+Tetraconazole8%+Chlorantraniliprole 6%.

[CLAIM 5]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1- claim 4, wherein, the Suspension concentrate (SC) comprises:
i. Paclobutrazol is present in amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
ii. at least one fungicide selected from Difenoconazole, Mefentrifluconazole, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole, Cyproconazole, Flusilazole, Ipconazole, Hexaconazole, Tetraconazole, Epoxiconazole, Propiconazole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iii. at least one insecticide(s) selected from Chlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Broflanilide, Indoxacarb, Emamectin benzoate, Methoxyfenozide, Dichloromezotiaz, Cyantraniliprole, Abamectin, Fluxametamide, Isocycloseram, Oxazosulfyl, Novaluron present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iv. wetting agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
v. dispersing agent I in an amount of 1 to 6 % by weight;
vi. dispersing agent II in an amount of 1 to 3 % by weight;
vii. suspending agent in an amount of 0.2 to 4.0 % by weight;
viii. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight;
ix. preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
x. anti-freezing agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
xi. thickner in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 % by weight;
xii. diluent water in an amount of 40 to 70 % by weight.

[CLAIM 6]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein wetting- agent is selected from ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block copolymer, polyarylphenyl ether phosphate, polyalkoxylated butyl ether, ethoxylated fatty alcohol, sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, alkyl diphenyl sulfonates, sodium isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, modified form includes polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, polyalkyleneoxide modified trisiloxane, polyalkyleneoxide modified polydimethylsiloxane, trisiloxane ethoxylate, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, polyether modified polysiloxane; may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.

[CLAIM 7]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein dispersing agent is selected from naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensated with formaldehyde, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium polycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propylene oxide-ethylene oxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyryl phenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyryl phenol-polyglycol ether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycol ether with ethylene oxide, tallow fatty amine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycol ether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.

[CLAIM 8]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein suspending agent is selected from aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 9]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein antifoaming agent is selected from silicone oil, silicone compound, C10~C20 saturated fat acid compounds or C8~C10 aliphatic alcohols compound, silicone antifoam emulsion, dimethyl siloxane, poly dimethyl siloxane, vegetable oil based antifoam, tallow based fatty acids, poly alkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane.

[CLAIM 10]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein anti-freezing agent is selected from ethylene glycol, propane diols, glycerin or the urea, glycol (monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol), glycerin, urea, 1,2-Propylene glycol, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, sodium chloride.

[CLAIM 11]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 5, wherein preservative is selected from 1, 2-benzisothiazolin-3(2H)-one, sodium salt, sodium benzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1, 3-diol, formaldehyde, sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.

[CLAIM 12]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein preferred combinations of active ingredients in the composition for the suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation comprises:
i. Paclobutrazol5%+Epoxiconazole10%+Chlorantraniliprole6%;
ii. Paclobutrazol5%+Epoxiconazole10%+Cyantraniliprole10%;
iii. Paclobutrazol5%+Epoxiconazole10%+Broflanilide9%;
iv. Paclobutrazol5%+Epoxiconazole10%+Indoxacarb9%;
v. Paclobutrazol5%+Epoxiconazole10%+ Emamectin benzoate 2.4%;
vi. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Propiconazole12%+Chlorantraniliprole5%;
vii. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Propiconazole12%+Indoxacarb10%;
viii. Paclobutrazol5%+Difenoconazole9%+Novaluron15%;
ix. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Propiconazole12%+Emamectin benzoate 1.66%;
x. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Propiconazole12%+Fluxametamide6%;
xi. Paclobutrazol4.5%+Propiconazole12%+Isocycloseram6%.

[CLAIM 13]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 and claim 12 wherein, the Suspo-emulsion (SE) formulation comprises:
i. Paclobutrazol is present in amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
ii. at least one fungicide selected from Epoxiconazole, Propiconazole, Difenoconazole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iii. at least one insecticide(s) selected from Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Broflanilide, Indoxacarb, Emamectin benzoate, Novaluron, Fluxametamide, Isocycloseram present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iv. solvent in an amount of 8 to 12 % by weight;
v. wetting-spreading-penetrating agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % % by weight;
vi. dispersing agent 1 in an amount of 2 to 8 % by weight;
vii. dispersing agent 2 in an amount of 1 to 3 % by weight;
viii. suspending agent in an amount of 0.2 to 4.0 % by weight;
ix. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight;
x. preservative in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
xi. anti-freezing agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight;
xii. thickener in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 % by weight;
xiii. diluent water in an amount of 40 to 70 % by weight.

[CLAIM 14]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein dispersing agent is selected from polyesters, polyamides, poly- carbonates, polyurea and polyurethanes, acrylic polymers, acrylic graft copolymer, styrene copolymers, butadiene copolymers, polysaccharides such as starch and cellulose derivatives, vinyl alcohol, vinyl acetate and vinyl pyrrolidone polymers and copolymers, polyethers, epoxy, phenolic and melamine resins, polyolefins and define copolymers and mixtures thereof. Examples of preferred polymers are acrylate polymers such as poly (methacrylate), poly (ethyl methacrylate), poly (methyl methacrylate), acrylate copoylmers and styrene-acrylic copolymers as defined herein below, poly(styrene-co maleic anhydride), cellulosic polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, acetylated mono, di, and triglycerides, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone), vinyl acetate polymers and copolymers, poly(alkylene glycol), styrene butadiene copolymers, poly (orthoesters), alkyd resins, biodegradable polyesters, starch, polylactic acid starch blends, polylactic acid, poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) copolymers, polydioxanone, cellulose esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, starch esters, starch esteraliphatic polyester blends, modified corn starch, polycaprolactone, poly (namylmethacrylate), wood rosin, polyanhydrides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyhydroxy butyrate valerate, biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, and polyhydroxybutyrate or mixtures thereof, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, sodium salt of naphthalene sulfonate condensate, sodium salt of alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO block copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxide.

[CLAIM 15]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein wetting-spreading-penetrating agent is selected from Organosilicone surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, heptamethyl trisiloxane, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, heptamethyl trisiloxane ethoxylate, polyether modified polysiloxane, 10 mole ethylene oxide adduct of octylphenol, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof

[CLAIM 16]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein emulsifier is selected from salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, e.g. Ca-salts or amine salts, and sulphonates of other C11-C16 alkylbenzenes, alkylether sulphates, alkylphenoletherphosphates and ester phosphates; non-ionic surfactants such as alkoxylated alcohols and alkylphenols, ethoxylated fatty acids, ethoxylated vegetable oils, e.g. ethoxylated castor oil, fatty acid esters, e.g. of sorbitol, and their ethoxylated derivatives, ethoxylated amines, and condensates of glycerol; and catanionic emulsifiers such as a cationic amine, optionally in combination with an alkylsulphonate or ether sulphonate or ether phosphate, alkoxylated alcohols; alkoxylated alkylphenols; ethoxylated fatty acids; ethoxylated vegetable oils; ethoxylated tristyrylphenol (tristyrlphenol with 16 moles EO), tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, fatty acid esters of sorbitol and ethoxylated derivatives thereof; ethoxylated amines and condensates of glycerol; sulfonated alkylbenzenes in the range C11-C16 and salts thereof; alkylether sulphates; alkyletherphosphates; alkylphenoletherphosphates; or combinations thereof; salts of phosphate esters of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; salts of sulphated ethers of ethoxylated tristyrylphenol; or a catanionic system, wherein a cationic amine is present in combination with an alkylsulphonate, an alkylethersulphonate, an ether sulphate, or an ether phosphate such as an alkyletherphosphate, nonylphenol polyethoxy ethanols, castor oil polyglycol ethers, polyadducts of ethylene oxide and polypropylene, tributyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol, octyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol.

[CLAIM 17]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein stabilizer is selected from butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO), Epichlorhydrin.

[CLAIM 18]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein suspending agent is selected from aluminum magnesium silicate, bentonite clay, silica, attapulgite clay.

[CLAIM 19]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 13, wherein solvent is selected from water, water soluble alcohols and dihydroxy alcohol ethers or lower alcohol (1-4 carbon atoms) includes-methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol. Macromolecular alcohol includes polyethylene glycol, sorbitol, glucitol etc., dihydroxy alcohol ethers includes dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether or dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers. The examples of dihydroxy alcohol alkyl ether include ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, di-propylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol ethyl ether, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, di-propylene glycol ethyl ether; dihydroxy alcohol aryl ethers include ethylene glycol phenyl ether, 5 diethylene glycol phenyl ether, propylene glycol phenyl ether, di-propylene glycol phenyl ether; Hyrdocarbons includes n-pentane, hexane(s), cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, heptane, isooctane, benzene, toluene, xylene(s), isophorone and ester solvents such as methyloleate, dimethylamide and morpholineamide derivatives of C6-C16 fatty acids, and mono-alkylene carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate and butylene carbonates, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), 2-ethylhexanol and n-butanol, n-alkylpyrrolidones, fatty acid dimethyl esters, fatty acid esters, dibasic esters, aromatic hydrocarbons and/or aliphatic hydrocarbons, one or more dimethylamides, such as C8-dimethylamide, C10-dimethylamide, C12-dimethylamide, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polyalkylene glycols, aromatic hydrocarbons, methyl pyrrolidinone (NMP); dimethyl formamide (DMF); dimethyl isosorbide (DMI); isophorone; acetophenone; 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidonone; lactate esters; dimethyl and diethyl carbonates; alcohols including methanol; ethanol; iso-propanol; n-propanol; n-butanol; iso-butanol; and tert-butanol; Methyl L-lactate, 2-Ethylhexyl L-lactate, Ethyl L-lactate, n-Butyl L-lactate, Octyl phenol ethoxylates.

[CLAIM 20]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein
preferred combinations of active ingredients in the composition of the Wettable Granule formulation comprises
i. Paclobutrazol12%+Hexaconazole20%+Chlorantraniliprole14%;
ii. Paclobutrazol12%+Hexaconazole20%+Cyantraniliprole28%;
iii. Paclobutrazol12%+Hexaconazole20%+Tetraniliprole20%;
iv. Paclobutrazol12%+Hexaconazole20%+Flubendiamide20%;
v. Paclobutrazol12%+Hexaconazole20%+Broflanilide6%;
vi. Paclobutrazol10%+Tebuconazole40%+Chlorantraniliprole15%;
vii. Paclobutrazol10%+Tebuconazole40%+Cyantraniliprole25%;
viii. Paclobutrazol10%+Tebuconazole40%+Tetraniliprole22.5%;
ix. Paclobutrazol10%+Tebuconazole40%+Flubendiamide22.5%;
x. Paclobutrazol10%+Tebuconazole40%+Broflanilide6%.

[CLAIM 21]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the Wettable Granule formulation comprises
i. Paclobutrazol is present in amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
ii. at least one fungicide selected from Tebuconazole, Hexaconazole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iii. at least one insecticide(s) selected from Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole, Flubendiamide, Broflanilide present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iv. wetting agent in an amount of 2 to 6 % % by weight;
v. dispersing agent 1 in an amount of 2 to 8 % by weight;
vi. dispersing agent 2 in an amount of 1 to 3 % by weight;
vii. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight;
viii. humectant in an amount of 0.1 to 0.5 % by weight;
ix. carrier in an amount of 2 to 6 % by weight.

[CLAIM 22]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein dispersing agent is selected from sodium polycarboxylate (sodium polyacrylate), naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt condensates with formaldehyde, polyalcoxylated alkylphenol, naphthalene sulfonic acid formaldehyde condensate, methyl naphthalene-formaldehyde-condensate sodium salt, naphthalene condensates, lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulfonate, lignin sulfonate sodium salt, alkyl naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt. The preferred dispersing agent is alkyl naphthalene sulfonate. It provides an excellent wetting, dispersing, hydrotroping and medium to low foaming. It offers acid and base stability, hard water tolerance and high temperature stability.

[CLAIM 23]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein wetting agent is selected from sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, alkylated naphthalene sulfonate, sodium salt, mixture of isomers of dibutyl naphthalene sulphonic acid sodium salt, sodium di-isopropyl naphthalene sulphonate, sodium Lauryl sulfate, dioctyl sulfate, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, phosphate esters, sulphosuccinates and non-ionic such as tridecyl alcohol ethoxylate, alkyl or alkaryl sulfonates such as alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonate and alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, ethoxylated or non-ethoxylated alkyl or alkaryl carboxylates, alkyl or alkaryl phosphate esters, alkyl polysaccharide, di or mono alkyl sulfosuccinate derivatives, alpha olefin sulfonates, alkyl naphthalene sulfonates, dialkyl sulphosuccinates, butyl, dibutyl, isopropyl and di-isopropyl naphthalene sulfonate salts, C12 alkyl benzene sulfonate or C10-C16 alkyl benzene sulfonate, organosilicons surfactants includes trisiloxane ethoxylate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyoxyethylene methyl polysiloxane, polyoxyalkylene methyl polysiloxane, polyether polymethyl siloxane copolymer, trisiloxane heptamethyl, Polyalkyleneoxide modified heptamethyl trisiloxane, polyether modified polysiloxane, may or may not be in modified form, may be liquid or powder form or mixture thereof.

[CLAIM 24]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein antifoaming agent is polydimethylsiloxane.

[CLAIM 25]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 21, wherein carrier is selected from china clay, silica, lactose anhydrous, ammonium sulfate, sodium sulfate anhydrous, corn starch, urea, EDTA, urea formaldehyde resin, diatomaceous earth, kaolin, bentonite, kieselguhr, fuller's earth, attapulgite clay, bole, loess, talc, chalk, dolomite, limestone, lime, calcium carbonate, powdered magnesia, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, gypsum, calcium sulphate, pyrophyllite, silicates and silica gels; fertilizers such as, for example, ammonium sulphate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate and urea; natural products of vegetable origin such as, for example, grain meals and flours, bark meals, wood meals, nutshell meals and cellulosic powders; and synthetic polymeric materials such as, for example, ground or powdered plastics and resins, bentonites, zeolites, titanium dioxide, iron oxides and hydroxides, aluminium oxides and hydroxides, or organic materials such as bagasse, charcoal, or synthetic organic polymers.

[CLAIM 26]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein, Oil dispersion (OD) formulation comprises:
i. Paclobutrazol is present in amount of 1% to 20% w/w;
ii. at least one fungicide selected from Difenoconazole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iii. at least one insecticide(s) selected from Cyantraniliprole present in amount of 1% to 40% w/w;
iv. solvent in an amount of 8 to 12 % by weight;
v. dispersing agent in an amount of 8 to 12 % by weight;
vi. emulsifying agent in an amount of 2 to 8 % by weight;
vii. antifoaming agent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.5 % by weight;
viii. stabilizer in an amount of 0.5 to 3.0 % by weight;
ix. co-solvent in an amount of 0.1 to 1.0 % by weight.

[CLAIM 27]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein dispersing agent is selected from alkyl sulfonates, alkyl benzene sulfonates, alkyl aryl sulfonates, alkylphenolalkoxylates, tristyrylphenol ethoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty ethoxylate alcohols, natural or synthetic fatty acid alkoxylates, natural or synthetic fatty alcohols alkoxylates, alkoxylated alcohols (such as n-butyl alcohol poly glycol ether), block copolymers (such as ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers and ethylene oxide-butylene oxide block copolymers), fatty acid-polyalkylene glycol condensates, polyamine-fatty acid condensates, polyester condensates, salts of polyolefin condensates, sodium ligno sulfonate, sodium ploycarboxylate, EO/PO based copolymer, phenol sulfonate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, styrene acrylic acid copolymer, propyleneoxide-ethyleneoxide-copolymer, polyethylene glycol 2,4,6-tristyrylphenyl ether, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, tristyrylphenole with 16 moles EO, tristyrylphenol-polyglycolether-phosphate, oleyl-polyglycolether with ethylene oxide, tallow fattyamine polyethylene oxide, nonylphenol polyglycolether with 9-10 moles ethylene oxid.

[CLAIM 28]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein solvent is selected from alkylated or alkyl ester of vegetable oil selected from olive oil, kapok oil, castor oil, papaya oil, camellia oil, sesame oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, groundnut oil, rapeseed-mustard oil, linseed oil, tung oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, coconut oil.

[CLAIM 29]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein alkylated vegetable oil is methylated or ethylated; alkyl ester of vegetable oils includes methyl ester, ethyl ester, propyl ester or butyl ester of vegetable oil selected from methylated seed oil, poly alkylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane alkyl phenol ethoxylate, rapeseed oil methyl ester, rapeseed oil ethyl ester, rapeseed oil propyl esters, rapeseed oil butyl esters, soybean oil methyl ester, soybean oil ethyl ester, soybean oil propyl ester, soybean oil butyl ester, castor oil methyl ester, castor oil ethyl ester, castor oil propyl ester, castor oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil methyl ester, cotton seed oil ethyl ester, cotton seed oil butyl ester, cotton seed oil propyl ester, tall oil fatty acids esters-tallow methyl ester, tallow ethyl ester, tallow propyl ester, bio-diesel, mineral oil (aromatic solvents, isoparaffin, base solvent), fatty acid amides selected from C1 -C3 amines, alkyl amines or alkanol amines with C6–C18 carboxylic acids; fatty acids, alkyl esters of fatty acids, methyl and ethyl oleate, methyl and ethyl soyate, alkyl benzenes and alkyl naphthalenes, poly alkylene glycol ethers, fatty acid diesters, fatty alkylamides and diamides, dialkylene carbonates, ketones and alcohols.

[CLAIM 30]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein co-solvent is selected from Cyclohexanone, Acetophenone, NMP, Dimethyl sulfoxide, Benzyl alcohol, Butanol, N-octanol, N-Propanol, 2-ethyl hexanol, Tetrahydro furfuryl alcohol, Isophorone, Fatty acid dimethyl amide, 2-hexylethyl lactate, Propylene carbonate.

[CLAIM 31]. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 26, wherein emulsifying agent is selected from castor oil ethoxylates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, sorbitan ester ethoxylates, sulphosuccinate, calcium salts of dodecylbenzene sulphonate, alkylammonium salts of alkylbenzene sulphonate, alkylsulphosuccinate salts, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymers, ethoxylated alkylamines, ethoxylated alkyl phenols, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate.

Dated this 29th day of December 2022.