FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition comprising bioactive amounts of insecticides and a plant growth regulator. More particularly, the present invention relates to synergistic pesticidal composition comprising at least one plant growth regulator, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide and at least one diamide insecticide selected from anthranilic diamide and phthalamide insecticides. The present invention also relates to a process for preparation of such synergistic pesticidal composition.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Pesticides including insecticides are used widely and often utilized in commercial agriculture, enabling massive improvement in crop output and product quality that is profitable for farmers. The farming community is looking for insecticidal compositions that can be applied at the lowest possible dose and be effective in controlling pest insect species while causing the least amount of harm to beneficial insects and causing the least amount of disturbance in the environment. Insects are extremely damaging to crops, causing significant losses in crop yield and quality, resulting in economic loss for the grower and increased cost for the consumer. Combinations of insecticides are commonly used to broaden the spectrum of insect control, reduce chemical doses, delay resistance development, and reduce treatment cost through additive effect. Despite the fact that many combination of insecticides have been studied, a synergistic effect is rarely achieved. Therefore, there is still a need for novel pesticidal composition comprising at least two insecticides along with a plant growth regulator (PGR) that exhibits synergistically enhanced action in terms of insecticidal control, a broader scope of activity at a reduced cost of treatment which is safe for plant growth and is non-phytotoxic.
Anthranilic diamides are a commercially important synthetic class of insecticides that bind to the ryanodine receptor with selective potency against insect versus mammalian receptor forms. Chlorantraniliprole, the first commercially available diamide, has exceptional activity against lepidopteran pests. Cyantraniliprole, the second anthranilamide product has excellent cross-spectrum activity against a variety of insect orders, including both lepidopteran and hemipteran pests.

Phthalic acid diamides, also known as pthalamides, are known to activate ryanodine-sensitive intracellular calcium release channels, in insects. Flubendiamide belongs to novel chemical class of substituted phthalic acid diamides that have strong insecticidal activity. In isolated neurons from the pest insect, Heliothis virescens Flubendiamide induces cytosolic calcium transients that are independent of extracellular calcium. Furthermore, phthalic acid diamides increase the ryanodine binding affinity while maintaining the same number of high-affinity binding sites.

Neonicotinoids are a broad-spectrum insecticide predominantly used to control sucking and scraping insect pests on major field crops and are additionally used as seed dressing agents in crop production. Neonicotinoids derive their toxicity from agonistically binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the post-synaptic nerve membrane and firing nerve impulses in a manner that is uncontrollable and uninterrupted. They act by binding strongly to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system of insects, causing overstimulation of their nerve cells, paralysis and death.

Chemicals called Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to change the way plants grow. For example, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can increase branching, reduce shoot growth, increasing return bloom, get rid of extra fruit, or change the maturity of the fruit. PGR efficacy is influenced by a variety of variables such as how well the chemical is absorbed by the plant, tree vigour and age, dose, timing, cultivar, and weather conditions prior to, during, and after application.

Apart from synergistic effect and increased bio-efficacy, to draw the dose optimization and reduction in cost per hectare (ha), it is also important to have a crop solution which entrusts the resistance management which results very often in various pesticides due to repeated spray rounds during the single crop cycle.

Various prior arts have offered various pesticidal compositions useful for protecting the plants from damage by harmful pests. Some of such prior arts are indicated below:

IN201621014759 discloses synergistic composition of Mepiquat, triazole and strobilurin fungicides. The invention relates to synergistic fungicidal composition comprising Mepiquat or salt thereof in the range from 1 to 20 % by weight of the composition, Triazole in the range from 1 to 40 % by weight of the composition and Strobilurin fungicides in the range from 1 to 40 % by weight of the composition, wherein Triazoles may be selected from the group consisting of Difenoconazole, Epoxiconazole, Flusilazole, Hexaconazole, Propiconazole, Prothioconazole, Tebuconazole or Tricyclazole and Strobilurin fungicides may be selected from the group consisting of Azoxystrobin, Trifloxystrobin, Metominostrobin, Pyraclostrobin, Picoxystrobin, Orysastrobin, Coumoxystrobin or Kresoxim Methyl.

CN101861875 discloses a synergistic insecticidal composition containing Mepiquat chloride and organophosphorus pesticide; the active components of the compound comprise Mepiquat chloride and organophosphorus pesticide; and the organophosphorus pesticide is chlorpyrifos, phoxim, triazophos or profenofos, wherein the weight ratio of the Mepiquat chloride to the organophosphorus pesticide is 1:60 to 10:1.

CN103636618 discloses a pesticidal composition containing Flonicamid and Mepiquat Chloride, it is characterised in that: Flonicamid and Mepiquat Chloride are present in the composition in 20:1 to 1:20 weight ratio.

CN112471157discloses a synergistic insecticidal composition chlorantraniliprole-Clothianidin-pyrazole seed treatment suspending agent. The synergistic pesticidal composition employs 7% Chlorantraniliprole and Clothianidin and the Pyraclostrobin respectively in an account of 1-3%, 2-5% and 1-4% of the suspending agent by weight.

CN106386846discloses a pesticidal composition containing Clothianidin, Chlorpyrifos and Chlorantraniliprole in a weight ratio of (1:0.5-75:1.25-125) for use against rice hoppers.

CN102450268A discloses paclobutrazol effervescent granules/or effervescent tablets and a preparation method thereof, wherein the paclobutrazol effervescent granules/or effervescent tablets comprise the following raw materials by mass percent: 0.1-80% of paclobutrazol, 0.5-15% of dispersant, 0.5-8% of wetting agent, 4-60% of disintegrating agent, 0-10% of binding agent and balance of padding. The paclobutrazol effervescent granules/or effervescent tablets provided in the invention are safe for environment, people and livestock and other beneficial organisms, not easy to generate phytotoxicity, accurately measured and convenient to use and have no dust and quick granules disintegrating speed; and with better storage stability and simple preparation technology, the paclobutrazol effervescent granules/or effervescent tablets are suitable for industrial production and agricultural big area promotion.

To achieve high crop productivity, it is critical to protect the plant from damage caused by plant insects and pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms, including various types of plant infections. However, there is a constant need in the art for improved compositions that not only aid in pest control but also optimizes crop geometry, improve bio-efficacy (including increased plant yield), having reduced phytotoxicity and have improved stability characteristics and economic significance. As a result, there has been long recognised need to develop novel and effective pesticidal composition that promotes uniform crop maturity, controls harmful pests, and insects in plants, are environmentally safe, and can be advantageously formulated.

Insecticidal combinations have several advantages over individual applications, including improved and extended pest and insect control, reduced crop damage, less stringent use restrictions, broader spectrum of insect, pests control and lower cost. However, determining appropriate insecticide application rates and the ratio of the combinations is critical for effective insect pest control. Additionally, excessive vegetative growth must be suppressed, root growth must be increased and yield losses must be avoided. There have been no studies to determine the most-effective and synergistic ratios of combination of at least one plant growth regulator selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol; at least one insecticide selected from neonicotinoid class; and at least other diamide insecticide selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide class of compounds, at a ratio where these active ingredients are synergistic. Thus, there exists a need in the art for a synergistic pesticidal composition comprising such pesticides including PGR.
Accordingly, it is desirable to develop compositions and processes that combine insecticides having different mode of action with plant growth regulators to give improved insecticidal bio-efficacy, broad-spectrum activity with better insect control, suppression of excess vegetative growth, optimized crop geometry with uniform crop maturity, increased yield and reduced pest resistance.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION:

The prime objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition with high efficacy.

Another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition for controlling the harmful broad spectrum of pests in plants.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition which can be easily formulated with high stability.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition that is ideal for insect resistance management and improved pest control.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition to reduce vegetative growth, increase flowering and fruiting, and prevent yield losses.

It is another objective of the invention is to provide a novel process for preparing pesticidal composition comprising synergistic combination of insecticides and a plant growth regulator.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition that is environmentally safe, has broad spectrum bio-efficacy, and is less toxic in terms of phytotoxicity.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition that optimize crop geometry.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition that promotes uniform and an early crop maturity.

It is another objective of the present invention is to provide a novel and effective synergistic pesticidal composition that reduces the number of pickings and allows for multiple cropping by promoting uniform and accelerated crop maturity.

Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a method of pest control that uses synergistic pesticidal composition comprising combination of insecticides selected from each diamide class and neonicotinoid class; and at least one compound selected from plant growth regulators.

Thus, it is an objective of this invention to provide a synergistic pesticidal composition with combination of insecticides and a plant growth regulator having different mode of action along with reduced application frequency which demonstrates high controlling by reducing vegetative growth and increasing reproductive growth along with anti-lodging and providing better sun light penetration into crop plants and cross ventilation of air through the crop rows which also helps in restricting the population build up of insects and supresses disease build ups thereby resulting in pest and diseases management and boost productivity, thereby, resulting in reduced crop protection cost and reduced environmental load.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel synergistic pesticidal composition having a remarkably improved control effect on plant pests when one type of pest population such as lepidopteran species of pests are controlled but there is huge likelihood that the other type of pests for example sucking pests are fared up and needs to be controlled effectively using a single composition.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel synergistic pesticidal composition having a remarkably improved control effect on plant pests with improved productivity by combining insecticides having different mode of action with PGR.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Accordingly, the present invention provides a pesticidal composition comprising synergistic and bio-active amount of a) at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts and b) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide or its agrochemically acceptable salts and c) at least one another insecticide selected from diamide insecticides or its agrochemically acceptable salts.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the synergistic pesticidal composition comprising at least two insecticides, at least one plant growth regulator with one or more agriculturally acceptable excipients.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least two insecticides are selected from neonicotinoids, and diamide insecticides.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one diamide insecticide is selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide compounds comprising of Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole and Flubendiamide.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Acetamiprid, Cycloxaprid, and Thiacloprid.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is in range of 0.5 % to 50% by weight of the composition.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is in range of 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is in range of 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole and neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole, neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin and plant growth regulator is Mepiquat Chloride.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is Cyantraniliprole and neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the agriculturally acceptable excipients are selected from group comprising surfactants/dispersing agents, polymers, anti-freezing agent, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, pigments, protective colloids, adhesives, binder/structuring agents, biocides/anti-microbial agent, thickeners, emulsifiers, buffering agent, fillers, diluents/solvents, quick coating agents or sticking agents, stabilizers, sequestering agents penetration agents, preservatives, adjuvants and solvents or a combination thereof

In one embodiment of the present invention, the pesticidal composition comprises:
a) at least one plant growth regulator selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol or its agrochemically acceptable salts;
b) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide selected form Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Acetamiprid, Cycloxaprid and Thiacloprid or its agrochemically acceptable salts; and
c) at least one another diamide insecticide selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide compounds consisting of Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole and Flubendiamide or its agrochemically acceptable salts.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises:
a. Clothianidin or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one diamide insecticide its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition
c. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises:
a. Clothianidin or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition;
c. Chlorantraniliprole or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises:
a. Dinotefuran or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition;
c. Chlorantraniliprole or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises:
a. Clothianidin or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 5 % to 25 % by weight of the composition;
b. Mepiquat Chloride or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 5 % to 20% by weight of the composition;
c. Chlorantraniliprole or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 5 % to 25% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the present pesticidal composition controls various pests in field crops, vegetables, fruits, oil seed and pulses, horticulture and forestry, veterinary, etc.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the present pesticidal composition can be applied as a foliar spray, soil drenching, seed dressing, application as paste to the targeted plants/ trees, broadcasting, etc.

In another embodiment of the present invention is provided, a method for pest control comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof or soil, a pesticidal effective amount of the present composition.

In another embodiment of the present invention is provided, a method of improving vigour or yield of the plant comprising, treating a plant or portion thereof or soil with a pesticidal effective amount of the composition.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the present pesticidal composition can be applied as a foliar spray to cotton, wheat, soyabean, pulses and vegetables including but not limited to okra, tomato, sugar beet, egg-plants, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, dry-beans, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, turf and forage, cruciferous, cucurbits, grapevines, pepper, fodder beet, oil seed rape, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium, etc.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the present pesticidal composition can be used against but not limited to sucking pests including aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, whitefly(Bemisia tabaci), flies, bugs, and mites, soil pests as termites, grubs etc. apart from Lepidopteran species of pests, bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera and Earias spp).

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the present pesticidal composition can be used against but not limited to Lepidoptera order of insects.

In further embodiment of the present invention, pesticidal composition of the present invention further comprises agriculturally acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of antifreeze, dispersing agents, wetting agents, antifoaming agents, biocides, thickeners, surfactants and solvents. Additional components may also be included, e.g., protective colloids, adhesives, thickeners, thixotropic agents, penetration agents, stabilisers, sequestering agents. More generally, the active materials can be combined with any solid or liquid additive, which complies with usual formulation techniques.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the composition can be formulated as one or more of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE) and a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Embodiments, of the present disclosure, will now be described herein. Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known processes, well-known additional excipients, and well-known techniques are not described in detail. Discussed below are some representative embodiments of the present invention. The invention in its broader aspects is not limited to the specific details and representative methods.

All technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by someone ordinarily skilled in the art to which the present subject matter belongs.

The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms "a,” "an," and "the" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise. Thus, for example, reference to a composition containing “a compound” includes a mixture of two or more compounds. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its sense including “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The terms "comprises," "comprising," “including,” and “having,” are open ended transitional phrases and therefore specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, but do not forbid the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. The particular order of steps disclosed in the method and process of the present disclosure is not to be construed as necessarily requiring their performance as described or illustrated. It is also to be understood that additional or alternative steps may be employed.

Variations or modifications to the composition of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.

The expression of various quantities in terms of “% w/w” or “%” means the percentage by weight, relative to the weight of the total solution or composition unless otherwise specified.

The term “active ingredient” (a.i.) or “active agent” used herein refers to that component of the composition responsible for control and killing of pest.

The terms “plants” and “vegetation” include, but are not limited to, germinant seeds, emerging seedlings, plants emerging from vegetative propagules, and established vegetation.

The term “synergistic”, as used herein, refers to the combined action of two or more active agents blended together and administered conjointly that is greater than the sum of their individual effects.

“Bioactive amounts” as mentioned herein means that amount which, when applied for treatment of crops, is sufficient to give effect in such treatment.

“Crop geometry” as mentioned refers to the shape of the space available for individual plants. It influences crop yield through its influence on light interception, rooting pattern and moisture extraction pattern.

The term seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as, but not limited to, seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking, seed film coating, seed multilayer coating, seed encrusting, seed dripping, and seed pelleting.

The term "health of a plant" or "plant health" is defined as a condition of the plant and/or its products. As a result of the improved health; yield, plant vigour, quality and tolerance to abiotic or biotic stress is increased. It is noteworthy that the health of a plant when applying the composition according to the present invention, is increased independently of the pesticidal properties of the active ingredients used; because the increase in health is not based upon the reduced pest pressure but instead on complex physiological and metabolic reactions which result for example in an activation of the plant's own natural defence system. As a result, the health of a plant is increased even in the absence of pest pressure.

According to the present invention, "increased yield" of a plant, in particular of an agricultural, silvicultural and/or horticultural plant means that the yield of a product of the respective plant is increased by a measurable amount over the yield of the same product of the plant produced under the same conditions, but without the application of the mixture according to the invention.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is Mepiquat Chloride or Chlormequat Chloride or Paclobutrazol.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is Mepiquat Chloride.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plant growth regulator is used in an amount of about 0.5-25% weight of the total composition.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is used in an amount of about 0.5-50% weight of the total composition.

In further embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Acetamiprid, Cycloxaprid and Thiacloprid

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one another diamide insecticide is used in an amount of about 0.4-50% weight of the total composition.
In further embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide class consisting of Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole and Flubendiamide.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diamide insecticide is selected from anthranilic diamide class.

In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the anthranilic diamide insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole.

In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, there is provided a synergistic pesticidal composition comprising active ingredients present in the weight ratios as given below; and one or more agrochemically acceptable excipients.
Plant Growth Regulator Neonicotinoid insecticide Diamide insecticide
Mepiquat Chloride
Chlormequat Chloride
Paclobutrazol Clothianidin
Dinotefuran,
Imidacloprid
Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam Nitenpyram
Nithiazine
Acetamiprid
Cycloxaprid
Thiacloprid Anthranilic diamide
Chlorantraniliprole
Cyantraniliprole
Cyclaniliprole
Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole Tetraniliprole
Pthalamide
Flubendiamide

0.5-25% 0.5-50% 0.4-50%
Mepiquat Chloride was first disclosed in DE2207575. Chemically Mepiquat Chloride is known as 1,1-dimethylpiperidinium chloride (CAS REG No. 24307-26-4). Chemical structure of Mepiquat Chloride is as below:

Mepiquat Chloride
Mepiquat (IUPAC name: N,N-dimethylpiperidinium) is a widely accepted PGR for cotton plants and is typically applied to cotton plants in the form of a salt, such as mepiquat chloride or mepiquat pentaborate, by foliar application. U.S. Patent Nos. 5,478,796; 5,627,134; 5,650,372; 5,654,255; 5,869,424; 5,935,906; 6,224,734; 6,232,270; 6,248,694; 6,288,009; 6,376,425 and 6,465,394 teach various mepiquat formulations.
Chlormequat Chloride was first disclosed in US3301902. Chemically Chlormequat Chloride is known as 2-chloro-N, N, N-trimethylethanaminium chloride (CAS REG No. 999-81-5). Chemical structure of Chlormequat Chloride is as below:

Chlormequat Chloride
Chlormequat Chloride (IUPAC name: (2-chloroethyl) trimethylammonium chloride)) is a plant growth regulator, inhibiting the action of the gibberellic acid, resulting in shortening and strengthening of stems in plants and reduced branching and foliage in certain species of shrubs and trees.
Paclobutrazol (PBZ) was first disclosed in US4243405 (PBZ). Chemically PBZ is known as (2RS,3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol (CAS REG. No. 76738-62-0). Chemical structure of PBZ is as below:

Paclobutrazol
PBZ is a plant growth retardant and triazole fungicide. It is a known antagonist of the plant hormone gibberellin. It acts by inhibiting gibberellin biosynthesis, reducing inter nodal growth to give stouter stems, increasing root growth, causing early fruit set and increasing seed set in plants such as tomato and pepper. PBZ has also been shown to reduce frost sensitivity in plants. Moreover, PBZ can be used as a chemical approach for reducing the risk of lodging in cereal crops (Kamran et. al 2017). PBZ is used by arborists to reduce shoot growth and has been shown to have additional positive effects on trees and shrubs. Among those are improved resistance to drought stress, darker green leaves, higher resistance against fungi and bacteria, and enhanced development of roots. Cambial growth, as well as shoot growth, has been shown to be reduced in some tree species.
Neonicotinoids are a broad-spectrum insecticide predominantly used to control sucking and scraping insect pests on major field crops and are additionally used as seed dressing agents in crop production. Neonicotinoids derive their toxicity from agonistically binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on the post-synaptic nerve membrane and firing nerve impulses in a manner that is uncontrollable and uninterrupted. Popularity of neonicotinoids is due to their advertised high toxicity to insects and low toxicity to vertebrates. Additionally, neonicotinoids have gained popularity by their ability to systemically protect plants while reducing application inputs for farmers. Chemical structure of some of such insecticides are provided below:

Clothianidin was first disclosed in EP0375907. Chemically Clothianidin is known as (E)-1-(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-2-nitroguanidine (CAS REG No. 210880-92-5). Chemical structure of Clothianidin is as below:

Clothianidin
Clothianidin is an insecticide developed by Takeda Chemical Industries and Bayer AG. Similar to thiamethoxam and imidacloprid, it is a neonicotinoid. Neonicotinoids are a class of insecticides that are chemically similar to nicotine, which has been used as a pesticide since the late 1700s. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids act on the central nervous system of insects as an agonist of acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter that stimulates nAChR, targeting the same receptor site (AChR) and activating post-synaptic acetylcholine receptors but not inhibiting AChE. Clothianidin and other neonicotinoids were developed to last longer than nicotine, which is more toxic and which breaks down too quickly in the environment. Clothianidin is an alternative to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid pesticides. It poses lower risks to mammals, including humans, when compared to organophosphates and carbamates. It has helped prevent insect pests build up resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides.
Anthranilic diamides are an important commercial synthetic class of that bind to the ryanodine receptor with selective potency against insect versus mammalian forms of the receptor. The first commercialized diamide, chlorantraniliprole, has exceptional activity against lepidopteran pests. The second anthranilamide product, cyantraniliprole, has excellent cross-spectrum activity against a range of insect orders, including both lepidopteran and hemipteran pests. Chemical structure of some of such insecticides are provided below:

Cyantaniliprole Cyclaniliprole

Fluchlordiniliprole Tetrachlorantraniliprole

Tetraniliprole Chlorantraniliprole
Chlorantraniliprole was first disclosed WO 03/015518. Chemically Chlorantraniliprole is known as 3-bromo-4'-chloro-1-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-2'-methyl-6'- (methylcarbamoyl)pyrazole-5-carboxanilide (CAS REG No. 500008-45-7) and having chemical structure as below:

Chlorantraniliprole
The synergistic pesticidal composition of the present invention has very advantageous curative, preventive and systemic broad-spectrum properties for protecting cultivated plants. As already mentioned, said active ingredient composition can be used to inhibit or destroy the insects and pathogens that occur on plants or parts of plants (fruit, blossoms, leaves, stems, tubers, roots) of various crops or useful plants, while also protecting those parts of plants which grow later from attack by such pests. Active ingredient composition has the special advantage of being highly active against pests from the time of crop establishment till fruiting.

The composition according to the present invention can be applied to any and all developmental stages of pests, such as egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The pests may be controlled by contacting the target pest, its food supply, habitat, breeding ground or its locus with a pesticidally effective amount of the inventive composition or of compositions comprising the synergistic and bioactive amounts of the active ingredients.
The present invention composition can control insects pests selected from the following orders: Lepidoptera, for example Agrotis ypsilon, Anticarsia gemmatalis, Chilo partellus, Cnaphalocrosis medinalis, Cydia pomonella, Diaphania nitidalis, , Earias insulana, Elasmopalpus lignosellus, Heliothis armigera, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis zea, Hellula undalis, Hyphantria cunea, Hyponomeuta malinellus, Leucoptera coffeella, Leucoptera scitella, Ostrinia nubilalis, Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypiella, Peridroma saucia, Phalera bucephala, Phthorimaea operculella, Phyllocnistis citrella, Pieris bras-sicae, Plutella xylostella, Sitotroga cerealella, Sesamia inferans, Sparganothis pilleriana, Spodoptera frugiperda, Spodoptera littoralis, Spodoptera litura, Thaumatopoea pityocampa, Tortrix viridana, Trichoplusia ni, beetles (Coleoptera), for example Agrilus sinuatus, Agriotes lineatus, Agriotes obscu-rus, Amphimallus solstitialis, Anisandrus dispar, Anthonomus grandis, Anthonomus pomorum, Aphthona euphoridae, Apogonia aerea, Athous haemorrhoidalis, Atomaria linearis, Blasto-phagus piniperda, Blitophaga undata, Brahmina coriacea , Bruchus rufimanus, Bruchus pisorum, Bruchus lentis, Byctiscus betulae, Cassida nebulosa, Cerotoma trifurcata, Cetonia aurata, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Ceuthorrhynchus napi, Chaetocnema tibialis, Conoderus vespertinus, Crioceris asparagi, Ctenicera ssp., Diabrotica longicornis, Diabrotica semipunctata, Diabrotica 12-punctata Diabrotica speciosa, Diabrotica virgifera, Epila-chna varivestis, Epitrix hirtipennis, Eutinobothrus brasiliensis, White grub species, Holotrichia consanguinea , Holotrichia serrata, Holotrichia longipennis, Hylobius abietis, Hypera brunneipennis, Hypera postica, Ips typographus, Lema bilineata, Lema melanopus, Lepidiota stigma, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, Limonius califomicus, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus, Melanotus communis, Meligethes aeneus, Melolontha hippocastani, Melolontha melolontha, Oberea (Obereopsis) brevis, Oulema oryzae, Ortiorrhynchus sulcatus, Otiorrhynchus ovatus, Phaedon cochleariae, Phyllobius pyri, Phyllotreta chrysocephala, Phyllophaga sp., Phyllopertha horticola, Phyllotreta nemorum, Phyllotreta striolata, Popillia japonica, Sitona lineatus and Sito-philus gran aria, flies, (Diptera), e.g. Atherigona orientalis, Atherigona soccata, Athalia lugen proxima, Dacus cucurbi-tae, Dacus oleae, Glossina palpalis, Haematobia irritans, Haplodiplosis equestris, Hippelates spp., Hylemyia platura, Hypoderma lineata, Leptoconops torrens, Leaf miner, Liriomyza sativae, Liriomyza trifolii, Lucilia caprina, Lucilia cuprina, Lucilia sericata, Lycoria pectoralis, Mansonia titillanus, Mayetiola destructor, Oscinella frit, Phorbia brassicae, Prosimulium mixtum, Rhagoletis cerasi, Sarcophaga sp., Simulium vittatum, Stomoxys calcitrans, Tabanus bovinus, Tabanus atratus, Tabanus lineola, and Tabanus similis, Tipula oleracea, and Tipula paludosa, thrips (Thysanoptera), e.g. Dichromothrips corbetti, Dichromothrips ssp , Frankliniella fusca, Frankliniella occidentalis, Frankliniella tritici, Scirtothrips citri, Scirtothrips dorsalis, Thrips oryzae, Thrips palmi and Thrips tabaci, termites (Isoptera), e.g. Calotermes flavicollis, Coptotermes formosanus, Heterotermes aureus, Leucotermes flavipes, Microtermes spp., Odontotermes, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes virginicus, Reticulitermes lucifugus and Termes natalensis; true bugs (Hemiptera), e.g. Acrosternum hilare, Amrasca biguttula biguttula, Amrasca devastans, Blissus leucopterus, Dysdercus cingulatus, Eurygaster integriceps, Euschistus impictiventris, Leptoglossus phyllopus, Lygus lineolaris, Lygus pratensis, Nezara viridu-la, Piesma quadrata, Solubea insularis, Thyanta perditor, Acyrthosiphon onobrychis, Adelges laricis, Aphidula nasturtii, Aphis fabae, Aphis forbesi, Aphis pomi, Aphis gossypii, Aphis crassivora, Aphis grossulariae, Aphis schneideri, Aphis spiraecola, Aphis sambuci, Acyrtho-siphon pisum, Aulacorthum solani, Bemisia argentifolii, Bemisia tabaci, Brachycaudus cardui, Brachy-caudus helichrysi, Brachycaudus persicae, Brachycaudus prunicola, Brevicoryne brassicae, Capitophorus horni, Cerosipha gossypii, Chaetosiphon fragaefolii, Cryptomyzus ribis, Dreyfusia nordmannianae, Dreyfusia piceae, Dysaphis radicola, Dysaulacorthum pseudosolani, Dysaphis plantaginea, Dysaphis pyri, Empoasca fabae, Hyalopterus pruni, Hyperomyzus lactucae, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Ma-crosiphon rosae, Megoura viciae, Melanaphis pyrarius, Metopolophium dirhodum, My-zus persicae, Myzus ascalonicus, Myzus cerasi, Myzus varians, Nasonovia ribis-nigri, Nilaparvata lugens, Pemphigus bursarius, Perkinsiella saccharicida, Phorodon humuli, Psylla mail, Psylla piri, Rhopalomyzus ascalonicus, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Rhopalosi-phum padi, Rhopalosiphum insertum, Sappaphis mala, Sappaphis mail, Schizaphis graminum, Schizoneura lanuginosa, Sitobion avenae, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Toxoptera aurantiia d, Viteus vitifolii, Cimex lectularius, Cimex hemipterus, Reduvius senilis, Triatoma spp., and Arilus critatus, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Amrasca biguttula, Empoasca spp., Myzus spp., Nephotettix spp., Nilaparvata spp., Planococcus spp., Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp., Rhopalosiphum spp., Sitobion spp., Amritodus atkinsoni, Idioscopus spp., ants, bees, wasps, sawflies (Hymenoptera), e.g. Athalia rosae, Atta cephalotes, Atta capiguara, Atta cephalotes, Atta laevigata, Atta robusta, Atta sexdens, Atta texana, Crematogaster spp., Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa testudinea, Monomorium pha-raonis, Solenopsis geminata, Solenopsis invicta, Solenopsis richteri, Solenopsis xyloni, Pogonomyrmex barbatus, Pogonomyrmex californicus, Pheidole megacephala, Dasy-mutilla occidentalis, Bombus spp. Vespula squamosa, Paravespula vulgaris, Paraves-pula pennsylvanica, Paravespula germanica, Dolichovespula maculata, Vespa crabro, Polistes rubiginosa, Camponotus floridanus, and Linepithema humile, crickets, grasshoppers, locusts (Orthoptera), e.g. Acheta domestica, Gryllotalpa gryllo-talpa, Locusta migratoria, Melanoplus bivittatus, Melanoplus femurrubrum, Melanoplus mexicanus, Melanoplus sanguinipes, Melanoplus spretus, Nomadacris septemfasciata, Schistocerca americana, Schistocerca gregaria, Dociostaurus maroccanus, Tachycines asynamorus, Oedaleus senegalensis, Zonozerus variegatus, Hieroglyphus daganensis, Kraussaria angulifera, Calliptamus italicus, Chortoicetes terminifera, and Locustana pardalina, plant parasitic nematodes such as root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne arenaria, Meloidogyne incognita, Meloidogyne javanica; cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis, Heterodera avenae; seed gall nematodes, Anguina funesta, Anguina tritici and other Anguina species; stem and foliar nematodes, Aphelenchoides besseyi, sting nematodes, Belonolaimus longicaudatus and other plant parasitic nematode species.

Suitable targets for seed treatment are one or more of various crop seeds, fruit species, vegetables, spices and ornamental seed, for example corn/maize (sweet and field), durum wheat, soybean, groundnut, wheat, barley, oats, rye, triticale, bananas, rice, cotton, sunflower, potatoes, pasture, alfalfa, grasses, turf, sorghum, rapeseed, Brassica spp., sugar beet, egg-plants, tomato, lettuce, iceberg lettuce, pepper, cucumber, squash, melon, bean, dry-beans, peas, leek, garlic, onion, cabbage, carrot, tuber such as sugar cane, tobacco, coffee, turf and forage, cruciferous, cucurbits, grapevines, pepper, fodder beet, oil seed rape, pansy, impatiens, petunia and geranium.

The composition of the present invention is effective for management of insect or pests selected from one or more of Cotton (Gossypium spp.), Paddy (Oryza sativa), Wheat (Triticumaestavum), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Maize (Zea mays), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) , Sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris), Soybean (Glycin max), Peanut (Arachis hypogaea), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) , Mustard (Brassica juncea), Rape seed (Brassica napus), Linseed (Linum usitatissimum), Sesame (Sesamum indicum), Castor (Ricinus communis), Green gram (Vigna radiate), Black gram (Vigna mungo), Chickpea (Ciceraritinum), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), Redgram (Cajanus cajan), Frenchbean (Phaseolus vulgaris), Indian bean (Lablab purpureus), Horse gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum), Field pea (Pisum sativum), Cluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), Lentils (Lens culinaris), Brinjal (Solanum melongena), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Onion (Allium cepa L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicun) , Potato (Solanum tuberosum) , Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), Chilly (Capsicum annum), Garlic (Allium sativum), Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Muskmelons (Cucumis melo), Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus), Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria), Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Carrot (Dacus carota subsp. sativus), Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp rapa), Apple (Melus domestica), Banana (Musa spp.), Citrus groups (Citrus spp.), Grape (Vitis vinifera), Guava (Psidium guajava), Litchi (Litchi chinensis), Mango (Mangifera indica), Papaya (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas comosus), Pomegranate (Punica granatum) , Sapota (Manilkara zapota), Tea (Camellia sinensis), Coffea (Coffea Arabica), Turmeric (Curcuma longa), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), Cumin (Cuminum cyminum), Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi), Psyllium (Plantago ovate), Black Pepper (Piper nigrum), Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), Safedmusli (Chlorophytum tuberosum), Drum stick (Moringa oleifera), Coconut (Coco nucifera), Mentha ( Mentha spp.), Rose (Rosa spp.), Jasmine (Jasminum spp.), Marigold (Tagetes spp.), Common daisy (Bellis perennis), Dahlia (Dahlia hortnesis), Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii), Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus) or GMO form thereof.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a process for preparation of the said composition is provided, wherein, the composition can be one or more of Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsion, water in oil (EO), Emulsion for foliar spray (ES), Emulsion, oil in water (EW), Flowable suspension/concentrate for foliar spray (FS), Granule/ soil applied (GR), Controlled (Slow or Fast) release granules (CR), Jambo balls or bags (bags in water soluble pouch), Solution for foliar spray (LS), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (oil miscible suspension (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Suspension concentrate (= flowable concentrate) (SC), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Water soluble powder (SP), Water dispersible granule (WG or WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), A mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC), A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE), A mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

In an embodiment of the present invention, the composition comprises:
a) at least one plant growth regulator selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol or its agrochemically acceptable salts;
b) at least one neonicotinoid insecticide selected form Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Acetamiprid, Cycloxaprid and Thiacloprid or its agrochemically acceptable salts; and
c) at least one another diamide insecticide selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide compounds consisting of Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole and Flubendiamide or its agrochemically acceptable salts.

In an exemplary embodiment, preferred combinations of present invention are tabulated herein below. These combinations are only the preferred embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed at limiting of the present invention, in any manner.

Sr. No Diamide insecticide Neonicotinoid insecticide Plant Growth Regulator
1. Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
2. Cyantraniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
3. Cyclaniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
4. Fluchlordiniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
5. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
6. Tetraniliprole Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
7. Pthalamide Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
8. Flubendiamide Clothianidin Mepiquat Chloride
9. Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
10. Cyantraniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
11. Cyclaniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
12. Fluchlordiniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
13. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
14. Tetraniliprole Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
15. Pthalamide Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
16. Flubendiamide Clothianidin Chlormequat Chloride
17. Chlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
18. Cyantraniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
19. Cyclaniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
20. Fluchlordiniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
21. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
22. Tetraniliprole Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
23. Pthalamide Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
24. Flubendiamide Clothianidin Paclobutrazol
25. Chlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
26. Cyantraniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
27. Cyclaniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
28. Fluchlordiniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
29. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
30. Tetraniliprole Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
31. Pthalamide Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
32. Flubendiamide Dinotefuran Mepiquat Chloride
33. Chlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
34. Cyantraniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
35. Cyclaniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
36. Fluchlordiniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
37. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
38. Tetraniliprole Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
39. Pthalamide Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
40. Flubendiamide Dinotefuran Chlormequat Chloride
41. Chlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
42. Cyantraniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
43. Cyclaniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
44. Fluchlordiniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
45. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
46. Tetraniliprole Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
47. Pthalamide Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
48. Flubendiamide Dinotefuran Paclobutrazol
49. Chlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
50. Cyantraniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
51. Cyclaniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
52. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
53. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
54. Tetraniliprole Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
55. Pthalamide Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
56. Flubendiamide Imidacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
57. Chlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
58. Cyantraniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
59. Cyclaniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
60. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
61. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
62. Tetraniliprole Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
63. Pthalamide Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
64. Flubendiamide Imidacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
65. Chlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
66. Cyantraniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
67. Cyclaniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
68. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
69. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
70. Tetraniliprole Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
71. Pthalamide Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
72. Flubendiamide Imidacloprid Paclobutrazol
73. Chlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
74. Cyantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
75. Cyclaniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
76. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
77. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
78. Tetraniliprole Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
79. Pthalamide Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
80. Flubendiamide Imidaclothiz Mepiquat Chloride
81. Chlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
82. Cyantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
83. Cyclaniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
84. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
85. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
86. Tetraniliprole Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
87. Pthalamide Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
88. Flubendiamide Imidaclothiz Chlormequat Chloride
89. Chlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
90. Cyantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
91. Cyclaniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
92. Fluchlordiniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
93. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
94. Tetraniliprole Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
95. Pthalamide Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
96. Flubendiamide Imidaclothiz Paclobutrazol
97. Chlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
98. Cyantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
99. Cyclaniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
100. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
101. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
102. Tetraniliprole Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
103. Pthalamide Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
104. Flubendiamide Thiamethoxam Mepiquat Chloride
105. Chlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
106. Cyantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
107. Cyclaniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
108. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
109. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
110. Tetraniliprole Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
111. Pthalamide Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
112. Flubendiamide Thiamethoxam Chlormequat Chloride
113. Chlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
114. Cyantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
115. Cyclaniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
116. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
117. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
118. Tetraniliprole Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
119. Pthalamide Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
120. Flubendiamide Thiamethoxam Paclobutrazol
121. Chlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
122. Cyantraniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
123. Cyclaniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
124. Fluchlordiniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
125. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
126. Tetraniliprole Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
127. Pthalamide Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
128. Flubendiamide Nitenpyram Mepiquat Chloride
129. Chlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
130. Cyantraniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
131. Cyclaniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
132. Fluchlordiniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
133. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
134. Tetraniliprole Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
135. Pthalamide Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
136. Flubendiamide Nitenpyram Chlormequat Chloride
137. Chlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
138. Cyantraniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
139. Cyclaniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
140. Fluchlordiniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
141. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
142. Tetraniliprole Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
143. Pthalamide Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
144. Flubendiamide Nitenpyram Paclobutrazol
145. Chlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
146. Cyantraniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
147. Cyclaniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
148. Fluchlordiniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
149. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
150. Tetraniliprole Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
151. Pthalamide Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
152. Flubendiamide Nithiazine Mepiquat Chloride
153. Chlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
154. Cyantraniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
155. Cyclaniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
156. Fluchlordiniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
157. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
158. Tetraniliprole Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
159. Pthalamide Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
160. Flubendiamide Nithiazine Chlormequat Chloride
161. Chlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
162. Cyantraniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
163. Cyclaniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
164. Fluchlordiniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
165. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
166. Tetraniliprole Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
167. Pthalamide Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
168. Flubendiamide Nithiazine Paclobutrazol
169. Chlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
170. Cyantraniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
171. Cyclaniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
172. Fluchlordiniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
173. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
174. Tetraniliprole Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
175. Pthalamide Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
176. Flubendiamide Acetamiprid Mepiquat Chloride
177. Chlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
178. Cyantraniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
179. Cyclaniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
180. Fluchlordiniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
181. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
182. Tetraniliprole Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
183. Pthalamide Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
184. Flubendiamide Acetamiprid Chlormequat Chloride
185. Chlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
186. Cyantraniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
187. Cyclaniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
188. Fluchlordiniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
189. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
190. Tetraniliprole Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
191. Pthalamide Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
192. Flubendiamide Acetamiprid Paclobutrazol
193. Chlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
194. Cyantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
195. Cyclaniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
196. Fluchlordiniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
197. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
198. Tetraniliprole Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
199. Pthalamide Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
200. Flubendiamide Cycloxaprid Mepiquat Chloride
201. Chlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
202. Cyantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
203. Cyclaniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
204. Fluchlordiniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
205. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
206. Tetraniliprole Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
207. Pthalamide Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
208. Flubendiamide Cycloxaprid Chlormequat Chloride
209. Chlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
210. Cyantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
211. Cyclaniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
212. Fluchlordiniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
213. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
214. Tetraniliprole Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
215. Pthalamide Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
216. Flubendiamide Cycloxaprid Paclobutrazol
217. Chlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
218. Cyantraniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
219. Cyclaniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
220. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
221. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
222. Tetraniliprole Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
223. Pthalamide Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
224. Flubendiamide Thiacloprid Mepiquat Chloride
225. Chlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
226. Cyantraniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
227. Cyclaniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
228. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
229. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
230. Tetraniliprole Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
231. Pthalamide Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
232. Flubendiamide Thiacloprid Chlormequat Chloride
233. Chlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
234. Cyantraniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
235. Cyclaniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
236. Fluchlordiniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
237. Tetrachlorantraniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
238. Tetraniliprole Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
239. Pthalamide Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol
240. Flubendiamide Thiacloprid Paclobutrazol

The composition of the present invention surprisingly results in a synergistic effect. The composition of the present invention allows for broad spectrum pest control and has surprisingly improved plant yield.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a synergistic pesticidal composition is provided, which comprises insecticides, and a plant growth regulator having different modes of action, as well as reduced application frequency, which demonstrates high controlling by reducing vegetative growth and increasing reproductive growth, as well as with anti-lodging and providing better sun light penetration into crop plants and cross ventilation of air through crop rows, which also aids in population control.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a novel synergistic pesticidal composition is provided with an improved control effect on plant pests when one type of pest population is controlled, such as lepidopteran species of pests, but there is a high likelihood that the other type of pest population, such as sucking pests, is fared up and needs to be controlled effectively using a single composition of present invention.

In another embodiment of the present invention, it combines insecticides with different modes of action with PGR, a novel synergistic pesticidal composition with significantly improved control of plant pests and increased productivity.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a novel method is provided for preparing compositions containing the aforementioned class of active ingredients that are both stable and provide the desired bio-efficacy. As a result, embodiments of the present invention may alleviate one or more of the aforementioned issues.

The composition of the present invention in addition to bioactive amounts of active ingredients, further comprises inactive agriculturally acceptable excipients including but not limited to surfactants/dispersing agents, polymers, anti-freezing agent, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, pigments, binder/structuring agents, biocides/anti-microbial agent, thickeners, emulsifiers, buffering agent, fillers, diluents/solvents, quick coating agents or sticking agents, preservatives, adjuvants and solvents or a combination thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the thickeners are selected from the group comprising thickeners are selected from the group comprising silicates such metal silicates, aluminum magnesium silicate sodium carboxy methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, poly vinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, sodium poly acrylate, xanthan gum, welan gum, gum arabic, montmorillonite, lingo sulfonates, hydroxy methyl cellulose, dextrin, starch, Bentonite Clay, Polysaccharides or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the anti-freezing agent is selected from the group comprising polyethylene glycols, methoxy polyethylene glycols, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, polybutylene glycols, Mono ethylene glycol, glycerin, ethylene glycol, Glycerin, Diethylene glycol or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, anti-foaming agent is selected from the group comprising silicone oils, or mineral oils, Fatty acid ester; potassium sorbate, and parahydroxy benzoates, silicon emulsion based anti-foam agents, Siloxane polyalkylene oxide, Polydimethyl Siloxane, tri siloxane ethoxylates or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, wetting agent is selected from the group comprising Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate nonionic emulsifier, Mixture of non-ionic surfactants & Alkoxylated Alcohol/Block copolymer, sodium lauryl sulphate; sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate; Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate non-ionic emulsifier/ mixture of non-ionic surfactants and alkoxylated Alcohol/Block copolymer, ionic surfactant mixtures, anionic surfactants, alkyl phenol ethoxylates, aliphatic alcohol ethoxylates and the salts or combinations thereof.

In another embodiment of the present invention, dispersing agent is selected from the group comprising Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine salt of phosphate tristyryl phenol ethylated /Acrylic Copolymer/ Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate,Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde,Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether or combinations thereof.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the polymers are selected from the group comprising polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gel-forming carraagheenans, water-soluble gelatine and casein, superabsorbent polymers such polyacrylamides and polyacrylates based polymers, semi-synthetic or fully-synthetic peptide/protein-based superabsorbent polymers such as collagen-based synthetic polymers, elastin-like polypeptides, polyaspartic acid, polyaspartates, polyglutamic acid, polyglutamate, Semi-synthetic or fully-synthetic polysaccharide: carboxymethyl starch , sulfoethyl starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, sulfoethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylcellulose, chitosan, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl- propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), vinyl sulfonic acid, ethyl acrylate, and potassium acrylate or combinations thereof.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the adjuvant is selected from the group comprising Silicone Ethoxylated Oil, Polyvinyl Pyrrolidon, Poly vinyl Alcohol,Blend of poly terpene resin or combination thereof; the diluent/solvents are selected from the group comprising lactose, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, in the anhydrous or hydrate forms, urea, water soluble or dispersible polymers, water soluble inorganic salts, Demineralized (DM) water, Vegetable Oil or combination thereof; and filer is selected from the group comprising Silicon Dioxide, China –Clay, Kaolin, Talc, starch or combination thereof.

In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the biocide/anti-microbial agent is selected from the group comprising Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde/Sodium benzoate/Sodium o-phenyl phenate, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one & 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or combination thereof.
The process for preparing the present novel synergistic composition can be modified accordingly by any person skilled in the art based on the knowledge of manufacturing of the formulation. However, all such variation and modification are still covered by the scope of present invention.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides a stable compositions of the synergistic combination of at least one plant growth regulator selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol; and at least one insecticide selected from neonicotinoid class; and at least one another diamide insecticide selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide class.

The invention is illustrated by the experiments as exemplified below.
Examples
Example 1:
Sr. No.
Recipe % w/w
1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 0.4-50%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 0.5-25%
3 Clothianidin Technical 0.5-50%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate tristyryl phenol ethylated /Acrylic
Copolymer/ Ethoxylated Tristryl phenol Sulphate,Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde,Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol, Polyalkelene glycol ether 0.5-10%
5 Wetting Agent- Tristyrylphenol ethoxylate nonionic
emulsifier/ Mixture of non-ionic surfactants
& Alkoxylated Alcohol/Block copolymer, 0.5-10%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.01-2%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Glycol,Propylene Glycol,Mono ethylene glycol,Glycerin 5%
8 Filler- Silicon Dioxide/China -
Clay/Kaolin/Talc/starch 0.1-5%
9 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one / Formaldehyde 0.01-1%
10 Polysaccharides/carboxymethyl cellulose/Bentonite Clay 0.01-3%
11 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

A stable Suspension Concentrate (SC) of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
SC (Suspension Concentrate)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 0.5 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 5 1 2 3 1
3 Clothianidin 50 25 0.5 30 30
4 Acrylic Copolymer 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Block copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Silicone Antifoam 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 DM water QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100
Example 2:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 18.50%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 5.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 20%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Wetting Agent- Block copolymer, 2%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.20%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 5%
8 Filler- China -Clay 1%
9 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10%
10 Polysaccharides 0.10%
11 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder are homogenized with stirring to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use). Required quantity of DM water, wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/dye was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for a period of ranging between 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser to obtain a homogenized slurry. Technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry to obtain a uniform slurry. Half of the quantity of required antifoam agent was added into the slurry. The uniform slurry mixture was then passed through appropriate particle size reduction equipment (Dyno-Mill) until the granule material of the desired particle size was achieved. Remaining half of the quantity of required antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent was added to the granule material as obtained. Gum solution as obtained in the first step was then added to obtain the suspension concentrate.

A stable Flowable Slurry of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:

FS (Flowable Slurry)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 0.5 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 5 1 2 3 1
3 Clothianidin 50 25 0.5 30 30
4 Acrylic Copolymer 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Naphthalene sulfonic acid,sodium salt condensate with formaldehyde 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Block copolymer 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Silicone Antifoam 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Benzisothiazoline 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Polysaccharides 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 DM water QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 3:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 5.00%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 25.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 5%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Wetting Agent- Block copolymer, 2%
6 Antifoaming Agent-Siloxane polyalkyleneoxide 0.20%
7 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 5%
8 Filler- China -Clay 1%
9 Anti-bacterial – Benzisothiazolin-3-one 0.10%
10 Polysaccharides 0.10%
11 DM water Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of water, biocide, and defoamer followed by addition of gum powder are homogenized with stirring to obtain a gum solution (Gum Solution should be made 12-18 hour prior to use). Required quantity of DM water, wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents, colourant/dye was added into the charged vessel followed by homogenization for a period of ranging between 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser to obtain a homogenized slurry. Technical and other remaining adjuvants excluding ‘antifreeze & thickeners’ were added into the homogenized slurry to obtain a uniform slurry. Half of the quantity of required antifoam agent was added into the slurry. The uniform slurry mixture was then passed through appropriate particle size reduction equipment (Dyno-Mill) until the granule material of the desired particle size was achieved. Remaining half of the quantity of required antifoam agent along with the antifreeze agent was added to the granule material as obtained. Gum solution as obtained in the first step was then added to obtain the flowable slurry.

A stable Granule (GR) formulation of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
GR (Granule)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 0.5 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 5 1 2 3 1
3 Clothianidin 50 25 0.5 30 30
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Pigment blue 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
7 Polyvinyl pyrolliddon 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
9 China Clay 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 DM water 1.00 2.00 1.00 2.00 1.00
11 Sand QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100
Example 4:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 0.50%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 5.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 0.50%
4 Dispersing Agent- Calcium Ligno sulphate 3%
5 Pigment Blue 0.20%
6 Filler- China -Clay 5%
7 Sticking agent-Polyvinyl pyrrolidone 0.10%
8 DM water 1%
9 Sand Q.s to make 100
Total 100
Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical was mixed in a premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material as obtained in the first step was blended through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hour to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Then required quantity of sand was charged in the granulator, later DM water sticking agent and remaining material was added till it became homogeneous. The finely grinded material was then completely coated on sand and the resulting formulation was blended for 30 minutes to obtain the granule formulation.

A stable Water Dispersible Granule (WG) formulation of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
WG (Water Dispersible Granule)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 0.5 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 5 1 2 3 1
3 Clothianidin 50 25 0.5 30 30
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Silicone based antifoam 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Starch 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Lactose anhydrous 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 China Clay QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100
Example 5:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w

1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 20.00%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 5.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 30.00%
4 Dispersing Agent-Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00
5 Wetting Agent-Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00
6 Dispersing Agent Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00
7 Antifoam-Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.10
8 Filler-China Clay QS to Make 100

Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical was mixed in a premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material as obtained in the first step was blended through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hour to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Required quantity of water (qs) was then added to make a dough. The dough was then passed through the extruder to obtain granules of required size. Wet granules as obtained were passed through the fluidised bed drier followed by grading using vibrating screens to obtain the water dispersible granules.
A stable Wettable Powder (WP) of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:
WP ( Wettable Powder)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 0.5 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 25 20 10 5 1
3 Clothianidin 50 25 0.5 30 30
4 Sodium Polycarboxylate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Sodium alkylnaphthalenesulfonate, formaldehyde condensate 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50
8 Silicone based antifoam 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
9 Starch 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
10 Lactose anhydrous 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
11 China Clay QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100
Example 6:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w

1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 0.50%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 5.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 50.00%
4 Dispersing Agent-Sodium ligno sulfonate 3.00
5 Wetting Agent-Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 4.00
6 Dispersing Agent Sodium alkyl naphthalene sulfonate blend 1.00
7 Antifoam-Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.10
8 Filler-China Clay QS to Make 100

Process: Required quantity of filler, wetting agent, dispersing agent, and suspending agent, & technical were charged in premixing blender for homogenization for a period of 30 minutes to obtain a pre-blended material. The pre-blended material was grinded through Jet mill/ air classifier mills followed by blending in post blender for a period of ~1.5 hr to obtain a homogeneous material. The homogenous material as obtained was unloaded and analysed.

A stable Oil Dispersion (OD) of Chlorantraniliprole, Clothianidin and Mepiquat Chloride according to the present invention was prepared as follows:

OD(Oil Dispersion)
Sr. No. Component Composition
1 2 3 4 5
1 Chlorantraniliprole 0.5 0.5 40 10 10
2 Mepiquat Chloride 25 20 5 10 20
3 Clothianidin 10 25 5 20 10
4 Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
5 Polyalkelene glycol ether 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00
6 Polyvinylpyrrolidone 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
7 Calcium alkyl benzen sulfonate 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00
8 Castor oil ethoxylates 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00
9 Silicone based antifoam 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
10 Propylene glycol 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00
11 Soyabean Oil QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100 QS to Make 100

Example 7:
Sr. No. Recipe % w/w
1 Chlorantraniliprole Technical 5.00%
2 Mepiquat Chloride Technical 25.00%
3 Clothianidin Technical 5%
4 Dispersing Agent- Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Amine
salt of phosphate 3%
5 Dispersing Agent-Ethoxylated oleyl cetyl alcohol 3.00
6 Sticking Agent-Polyvinylpyrrolidone 1.00
7 Emulsifier-Calcium alkyl benzen sulfonate 5.00
8 Emulsifier-Castor oil ethoxylates 4.00
9 Antifoam-Polydimethyl Siloxane 0.00
10 Antifreezing Agent- Propylene Glycol 0.00
11 Vegetable Oil-Soyabean Oil Q.s to make 100
Total 100

Process: Required quantity of vegetable oil was charged in a vessel and polyvinyl pyrrolidone was added and mixed well for 30 minutes using high shear homogenizer. Required quantity of wetting agent, dispersing agent & suspending agents were added and homogenised for 45 – 60 minutes using high shear homogeniser. Then all the technicals were added and again homogenised for further 30 minutes. This homogenised material was passed through horizontal bead mill to get required particle size. After completion of grinding cycles, the sample was analysed for particle size.

Evaluation of synergistic effect of the pesticidal composition of the present invention:
A synergistic effect of two or more products exists whenever the action of an active ingredient combination is greater than the sum of the actions of the individual components. Synergism was calculated by using Colby’s method (Weeds, vol. 15 No. 1 (Jan 1967), pp. 20-2.
The synergistic action expected for a given combination of two active components can be calculated as follows:
XY
E = (X + Y) – ---------
100
The synergistic action expected for a given combination of three active components can be calculated as follows:
(XY+YZ+XZ) (XYZ)
E = (X + Y + Z) – ----------------- + ------------
100 10000
Where:
E represents expected percentage of pesticidal control for the combination of the two or three active ingredients at defined doses (for example equal to x, y and z, respectively).
X is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by the compound (Mepiquat chloride) at a defined dose (equal to x).
Y is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by the compound (Clothianidin) at a defined dose (equal to y).
Z is the percentage of pesticidal control observed by the compound (Chlorantraniliprole) at a defined dose (equal to z).
When the percentage of pesticidal control observed for the combination is greater than the expected percentage, there is a synergism effect.
Observed control (%)
Ratio = -----------------------------
Expected control (%)
Ratio of O/E > 1, synergism observed

Example 8:
Field experiment for synergistic activity of Mepiquat chloride (a plant growth regulator), Clothianidin (a translaminar and systemic insecticide) and Chlorantraniliprole (a stomach and contact insecticide) for the control of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and bollworms (Helicoverpa armigera and Earias spp) in cotton crop and effect on fruiting bodies formation (squares and bolls) due to suppression of vegetative growth and subsequently resulting in higher reproductive growth of the crop by Mepiquat chloride was conducted by the Research & Development Department at farmer field, Sonipat (Haryana).
To evaluate the synergistic effect, cotton (Variety: RCH 776 BG II) crop was sown in 4 m x 5 m plots maintaining 30 cm x 50 cm plant distance with three replications and in Randomized Block Design (RBD) during July to December, 2021. The treatments were applied as foliar spray in the form of SC formulation @ 150 ml/ha on initiation of pest incidence and repeat application was done at 15-day interval. The active components were applied at 3-5 doses in different ternary and binary combinations. Solo components were also taken for comparison. The treatment details are as under:
T1 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (0.5%+50%+0.4%)
T2 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (15%+30%+10%)
T3 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (15%+10%+30%)
T4 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (15%+8%+10%)
T5 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (25%+0.5%+50%)
T6 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (0.5%+50%)
T7 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (15%+30%)
T8 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (15%+10%)
T9 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (15%+8%)
T10 – Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (25%+0.5%)
T11 – Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole (0.5%+0.4%)
T12 – Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole (15%+10%)
T13 – Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole (15%+30%)
T14 – Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole (25%+50%)
T15 – Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (50%+0.4%)
T16 – Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (30%+10%)
T17 – Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (10%+30%)
T18 – Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (8%+10%)
T19 – Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (0.5%+50%)
T20 – Mepiquat chloride (0.5%)
T21 – Mepiquat chloride (15%)
T22 – Mepiquat chloride (25%)
T23 – Clothianidin (0.5%)
T24 – Clothianidin (8%)
T25 – Clothianidin (10%)
T26 – Clothianidin (30%)
T27 – Clothianidin (50%)
T28 – Chlorantraniliprole (0.4%)
T29 – Chlorantraniliprole (10%)
T30 – Chlorantraniliprole (30%)
T31 – Chlorantraniliprole (50%)
T32 – Untreated check

The treatments T1 to T31 were applied as foliar spray and in T32 control treatment only water was sprayed. The application was done by knapsack sprayer fitted with hollow cone nozzle and 500 lit water/ha. The observations for whitefly control were recorded before first spray and at 3, 7 and 14 days after each spray by observing three leaves of randomly selected ten random plants per plot. The data on fruiting bodies (squares and bolls) damaged by bollworms were recorded before first spray and 14 days after each spray on randomly selected 5 fruiting bodies per 10 plants per plot. The observations on fruiting bodies formation (squares and bolls) were recorded before first spray and 14 days after each spray on 10 plants per plot. The incidence of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) was most prevalent and incidence of Spotted bollworm (Earias spp) was comparatively low. Therefore, the cumulative data of fruiting bodies damaged by these two bollworms have been presented in the present investigation.

Based on the data recorded per cent reduction in whitefly population, fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms and per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation were also calculated over control. Based on the per cent reduction in whitefly population 14 days after second spray, fruiting bodies damaged 14 days after second spray and per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation 14 days after second spray the Expected control was calculated and compared with Observed control. The results of the trials have been presented here under in Table 1 to 3.
Table 1: Synergistic effect of composition of the present invention (Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole) against whitefly in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment Formulation Observed per cent control Expected per cent control Colby Ratio
T1 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% + 0.4% 55.91 29.74 1.914
T2 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% + 10% 64.81 28.93 2.240
T3 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% + 30% 63.38 23.06 2.748
T4 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 8% + 10% 58.35 15.21 3.837
T5 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 0.5% + 50% 38.06 11.88 3.203
T6 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 0.5% + 50% 44.88 26.70 1.681
T7 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 30% 36.27 25.28 1.434
T8 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 10% 19.57 18.93 1.034
T9 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 8% 11.85 11.33 1.046
T10 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 25% + 0.5% 7.36 7.11 1.036
T11 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 0.4% 5.39 4.63 1.162
T12 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% 6.10 5.68 1.075
T13 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% 6.82 6.03 1.131
T14 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 50% 7.54 6.22 1.212
T15 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 50% + 0.4% 47.04 28.82 1.632
T16 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 30% + 10% 46.14 27.19 1.697
T17 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 10% + 30% 38.24 21.29 1.796
T18 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 8% + 10% 24.06 13.60 1.769
T19 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% 17.95 10.65 1.685
T20 Mepiquat chloride 0.5% 0.90 - -
T21 Mepiquat chloride 15% 1.62 - -
T22 Mepiquat chloride 25% 1.26 - -
T23 Clothianidin 0.5 5.92 - -
T24 Clothianidin 8% 9.87 - -
T25 Clothianidin 10% 17.59 - -
T26 Clothianidin 30% 24.06 - -
T27 Clothianidin 50% 26.03 - -
T28 Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% 3.77 - -
T29 Chlorantraniliprole 10% 4.13 - -
T30 Chlorantraniliprole 30% 4.49 - -
T31 Chlorantraniliprole 50% 5.03 - -
T32 Untreated control - - - -

Table 2: Synergistic effect of composition of the present invention (Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole) against fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment Formulation Observed per cent control Expected per cent control Colby Ratio
T1 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% + 0.4% 38.46 32.00 1.202
T2 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% + 10% 44.23 33.94 1.303
T3 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% + 30% 50.00 37.76 1.324
T4 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 8% + 10% 51.92 28.30 1.835
T5 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 0.5% + 50% 55.77 43.49 1.282
T6 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 0.5% + 50% 26.92 22.67 1.188
T7 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 30% 26.92 22.34 1.205
T8 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 10% 19.23 18.64 1.032
T9 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 8% 17.31 16.79 1.031
T10 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 25% + 0.5% 15.38 14.83 1.037
T11 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 0.4% 12.50 11.35 1.101
T12 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% 16.35 14.94 1.094
T13 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% 25.96 22.34 1.162
T14 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 50% 34.62 32.95 1.051
T15 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 50% + 0.4% 33.65 28.74 1.171
T16 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 30% + 10% 32.69 28.55 1.145
T17 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 10% + 30% 36.54 31.66 1.154
T18 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 8% + 10% 26.92 23.45 1.148
T19 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% 40.38 35.69 1.132
T20 Mepiquat chloride 0.5% 1.92 - -
T21 Mepiquat chloride 15% 3.85 - -
T22 Mepiquat chloride 25% 5.77 - -
T23 Clothianidin 0.5 9.62 - -
T24 Clothianidin 8% 13.46 - -
T25 Clothianidin 10% 15.38 - -
T26 Clothianidin 30% 19.23 - -
T27 Clothianidin 50% 21.15 - -
T28 Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% 9.62 - -
T29 Chlorantraniliprole 10% 11.54 - -
T30 Chlorantraniliprole 30% 19.23 - -
T31 Chlorantraniliprole 50% 28.85 - -
T32 Untreated control - - - -

Table 3: Synergistic effect of composition of the present invention (Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole) on increasing the fruiting bodies formation in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment Formulation Observed per cent increase Expected per cent increase Colby Ratio
T1 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% + 0.4% 35.00 27.00 1.296
T2 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% + 10% 46.25 34.38 1.345
T3 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% + 30% 58.75 35.58 1.651
T4 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 8% + 10% 56.25 33.10 1.699
T5 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 0.5% + 50% 61.25 39.21 1.562
T6 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 0.5% + 50% 21.25 19.14 1.110
T7 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 30% 16.25 15.69 1.036
T8 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 10% 17.50 15.69 1.116
T9 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 15% + 8% 16.25 14.58 1.115
T10 Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin 25% + 0.5% 18.75 16.06 1.167
T11 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 0.4% 13.75 13.28 1.035
T12 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 10% 31.25 27.89 1.120
T13 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 15% + 30% 31.25 29.00 1.078
T14 Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole 25% + 50% 36.25 35.19 1.030
T15 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 50% + 0.4% 21.25 20.22 1.051
T16 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 30% + 10% 25.00 22.81 1.096
T17 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 10% + 30% 27.50 24.00 1.146
T18 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 8% + 10% 25.00 21.80 1.147
T19 Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole 0.5% + 50% 27.50 24.70 1.113
T20 Mepiquat chloride 0.5% 6.25 - -
T21 Mepiquat chloride 15% 11.25 - -
T22 Mepiquat chloride 25% 15.00 - -
T23 Clothianidin 0.5 1.25 - -
T24 Clothianidin 8% 3.75 - -
T25 Clothianidin 10% 5.00 - -
T26 Clothianidin 30% 5.00 - -
T27 Clothianidin 50% 13.75 - -
T28 Chlorantraniliprole 0.4% 7.50 - -
T29 Chlorantraniliprole 10% 18.75 - -
T30 Chlorantraniliprole 30% 20.00 - -
T31 Chlorantraniliprole 50% 23.75 - -
T32 Untreated control - - - -

It is clearly evident from the data shown in above Tables 1, 2 and 3, for per cent reduction in whitefly population, per cent reduction in fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms and per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation in cotton crop that the ternary composition of the present invention comprising Mepiquat chloride, Clothianidin and Chlorantraniliprole i.w. T1 to T5 is highly synergistic in each case with > 1 Colby’s Ratio. The binary combination of two products Mepiquat chloride + Clothianidin (T6 to T10), Mepiquat chloride + Chlorantraniliprole (T11 to T14) and Clothianidin + Chlorantraniliprole (T15 to T19) are compatible but synergistic effect shown is low for the control of whitefly and bollworms incidence and in increasing the fruiting bodies formation as compared to ternary composition of Mepiquat chloride, Clothianidin and Chlorantraniliprole. The binary combinations of one plant growth regulator and one insecticide is thus less effective to control whitefly, bollworms control and in increasing the fruiting bodies formation as compared to ternary composition of the present invention (T1 to T5).

Evaluation of Bio-efficacy of the pesticidal composition of the present invention:
For the ternary and binary combination based on Mepiquat chloride (a plant growth regulator), Clothianidin (a translaminar and systemic insecticide) and Chlorantraniliprole (a stomach and contact insecticide) evaluation under field conditions, the basic test composition as Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG, Clothianidin 8% WDG and Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG were manufactured specifically. For ternary composition, Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG was used and for binary composition, Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG, Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG and Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG were used. The solo formulations of Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG, Clothianidin 8% WDG and Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG were used for comparison. The solo formulation of Mepiquat chloride 5% AS, Clothianidin 50% WDG and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC available in the market were also used for better comparison.

The observations were recorded for the following objectives.
Objectives:
1. Bio-efficacy evaluation against whitefly control on cotton crop
2. Bio-efficacy evaluation against bollworms damage to fruiting bodies in cotton crop
3. Bio-efficacy evaluation for fruiting bodies formation
4. Bio-efficacy evaluation based on per cent reduction in whitefly population control
5. Bio-efficacy evaluation based on per cent reduction in fruiting bodies by bollworms
6. Bio-efficacy evaluation based on per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation
7. Bio-efficacy evaluation based on cotton yield
8. Effect on natural enemies
9. Phytotoxicity evaluation on cotton crop
10. Economics of treatments based on Cost: Benefit Ratio

Treatment details:

T1 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 200 g/ha
T2 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 240 g/ha
T3 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T4 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG @ 200 g/ha
T5 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG @ 240 g/ha
T6 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T7 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 200 g/ha
T8 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 240 g/ha
T9 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T10 - Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 200 g/ha
T11 - Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 240 g/ha
T12 - Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T13 - Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T14 - Clothianidin 8% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T15 – Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 300 g/ha
T16 – Mepiquat chloride 5% AS @ 1250 ml/ha
T17 – Clothianidin 50% WDG @ 50 g/ha
T18 – Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC @ 150 ml/ha
T19 – Untreated control
T20 - Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 600 g/ha (For phytotoxicity evaluation)

Methodology:
The treatments T1 to T18 and T20 were applied as foliar spray and in T19 control treatment only water was sprayed. Further repeat application was done at 15 days’ interval. However, in the treatment T16 only one spray was done as per CIB and RC recommendation. The observations for whitefly population were recorded before first spray and at 3, 7 and 14 days after each spray by observing three leaves of randomly selected ten random plants per plot. The data on fruiting bodies (squares and bolls) damaged by bollworms were recorded before first spray and 14 days after each spray on randomly selected 5 fruiting bodies per 10 plants per plot. The observations on fruiting bodies formation were recorded before first spray and 14 days after each spray on 10 plants per plot. The incidence of American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) was most prevalent and incidence of Spotted bollworm (Earias spp) was comparatively low. Therefore, the cumulative data of fruiting bodies damaged by these two bollworms have been presented in the present study.

Based on the data recorded per cent reduction in whitefly population, fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms and per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation were calculated over control. The crop yield was recorded plot wise at each harvest and cumulative yield expressed as q/ha. The observations for impact of treatments on natural ebonies were recorded before first spray and at 3 and 7 days after each spray and for phytotoxicity symptoms on cotton at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after each spray. Based on treatment application cost, market price of produce and net profit, the Cost: Benefit Ratio was calculated for the economics of treatments. The data were subjected to statistically analysis of variance. Results are presented in Tables 4 to 11.

Results:
The results for whitefly control, bollworm damage to fruiting bodies and fruiting bodies formation recorded during the experimental period and per cent reduction in whitefly population and fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms and per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation over control are summarized in Table 4 to 7. The data on yield is presented in Table 8. The observations recorded for natural enemies and phytotoxicity symptoms are presented in Tables 9 to 11.

Table 4: Field bio-efficacy evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG against whitefly population control on cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formu lation dose (ml or g/ha) Whitefly population/plant
Before spray Days after I spray Days after II spray
3 7 14 3 7 14
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 4.10 (2.14) 1.80 (1.51) 1.40 (1.38) 2.00 (1.58) 1.40 (1.38) 1.20 (1.30) 0.80 (1.14)
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 3.93 (2.10) 1.53 (1.42) 1.10 (1.26) 1.63 (1.46) 1.17 (1.29) 0.87 (1.17) 0.37 (0.92)
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 3.40 (1.97) 1.33 (1.35) 0.93 (1.20) 1.50 (1.41) 1.07 (1.25) 0.80 (1.14) 0.33 (0.90)
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 4.03 (2.13) 2.53 (1.74) 2.13 (1.62) 2.83 (1.83) 2.23 (1.65) 2.03 (1.59) 1.63 (1.46)
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 3.27 (1.93) 2.37 (1.69) 1.97 (1.57) 2.67 (1.78) 2.07 (1.60) 1.87 (1.54) 1.47 (1.40)
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 3.50 (1.99) 2.23 (1.65) 1.83 (1.53) 2.53 (1.74) 1.93 (1.56) 1.73 (1.49) 1.33 (1.35)
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 4.23 (2.17) 2.80 (1.81) 2.40 (1.70) 3.10 (1.90) 2.50 (1.73) 2.30 (1.67) 1.90 (1.55)
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 3.30 (1.94) 2.47 (1.72) 2.07 (1.60) 2.77 (1.81) 2.17 (1.63) 1.97 (1.57) 1.57 (1.44)
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 4.07 (2.14) 2.30 (1.67) 1.90 (1.55) 2.60 (1.76) 2.00 (1.58) 1.80 (1.51) 1.40 (1.37)
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 3.33 (1.95) 2.37 (1.69) 1.97 (1.57) 2.67 (1.78) 2.07 (1.60) 1.87 (1.54) 1.47 (1.40)
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 3.37 (1.96) 2.17 (1.63) 1.77 (1.50) 2.47 (1.72) 1.87 (1.54) 1.67 (1.47) 1.27 (1.32)
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 4.30 (2.19) 2.10 (1.61) 1.80 (1.52) 2.40 (1.70) 1.80 (1.51) 1.60 (1.45) 1.20 (1.30)
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 3.87 (2.09) 4.47 (2.23) 4.87 (2.31) 4.77 (2.29) 5.83 (2.51) 4.87 (2.32) 4.47 (2.23)
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 3.67 (2.03) 2.43 (1.71) 2.03 (1.59) 2.73 (1.80) 2.13 (1.62) 1.93 (1.56) 1.53 (1.42)
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 3.80 (2.07) 3.13 (1.90) 2.73 (1.79) 3.43 (1.98) 2.83 (1.82) 2.63 (1.77) 2.23 (1.65)
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS
(applied only once) 62.5 1250 3.57 (2.02) 4.40 (2.21) 4.70 (2.28) 4.70 (2.28) 5.60 (2.47) 4.57 (2.25) 4.17 (2.16)
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 3.20 (1.92) 2.60 (1.76) 2.20 (1.64) 2.90 (1.84) 2.30 (1.67) 1.87 (1.54) 1.47 (1.40)
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 3.67 (2.03) 3.23 (1.93) 2.83 (1.82) 3.53 (2.01) 2.93 (1.85) 2.73 (1.80) 2.33 (1.68)
T19 Untreated control - - 3.37 (1.97) 5.23 (2.39) 5.80 (2.51) 6.97 (2.73) 7.17 (2.77) 6.10 (2.57) 5.17 (2.38)
S Em ± 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07
CD (P=0.05) NS 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.20
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant

Table 5: Field bio-efficacy evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG based on whitefly population reduction on cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formu lation dose (ml or g/ha) Per cent reduction in whitefly population
Days after I spray Days after II spray
3 7 14 3 7 14
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 65.61 75.86 71.29 80.47 80.33 84.52
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 70.70 81.03 76.56 83.72 85.79 92.90
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 74.52 83.91 78.47 85.12 86.89 93.55
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 51.59 63.22 59.33 68.84 66.67 68.39
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 54.78 66.09 61.72 71.16 69.40 71.61
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 57.32 68.39 63.64 73.02 71.58 74.19
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 46.50 58.62 55.50 65.12 62.30 63.23
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 52.87 64.37 60.29 69.77 67.76 69.68
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 56.05 67.24 62.68 72.09 70.49 72.90
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 54.78 66.09 61.72 71.16 69.40 71.61
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 58.60 69.54 64.59 73.95 72.68 75.48
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 59.87 68.97 65.55 74.88 73.77 76.77
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 14.65 16.09 31.58 18.60 20.22 13.55
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 53.50 64.94 60.77 70.23 68.31 70.32
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 40.13 52.87 50.72 60.47 56.83 56.77
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 15.92 18.97 32.54 21.86 25.14 19.35
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 50.32 62.07 58.37 67.91 69.40 71.61
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 38.22 51.15 49.28 59.07 55.19 54.84
T19 Untreated control - - - - - - - -

Table 6: Field bio-efficacy evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG against bollworms based on fruiting bodies damaged in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Per cent fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms Per cent reduction in fruiting bodies damage
Before spray 14 days after I spray 14 days after II spray 14 days after I spray 14 days after II spray
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 20.00 (26.43) 12.67 (20.76) 8.00 (16.35) 58.70 78.57
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 18.67 (25.55) 10.00 (18.38) 6.00 (14.05) 67.39 83.93
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 19.33 (26.01) 8.67 (16.96) 4.67 (12.42) 71.74 87.50
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 16.00 (23.55) 16.00 (23.55) 12.67 (20.84) 47.83 66.07
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 18.67 (25.55) 14.67 (22.45) 11.33 (19.56) 52.17 69.64
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 16.67 (23.86) 14.00 (21.94) 10.67 (19.05) 54.35 71.43
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 16.67 (24.09) 15.33 (22.98) 12.67 (20.84) 50.00 66.07
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 20.67 (26.83) 13.33 (21.37) 10.67 (18.99) 56.52 71.43
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 18.00 (25.04) 12.67 (20.84) 9.33 (17.77) 58.70 75.00
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 19.33 (26.04) 13.33 (21.33) 10.00 (18.38) 56.52 73.21
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 18.67 (25.47) 12.67 (20.84) 9.33 (17.77) 58.70 75.00
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 19.33 (25.94) 12.00 (20.09) 9.00 (17.44) 60.87 75.89
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 18.00 (24.94) 27.33 (31.50) 24.00 (29.28) 10.87 35.71
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 21.33 (27.30) 18.00 (25.08) 14.67 (22.51) 41.30 60.71
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 18.67 (25.40) 13.33 (21.33) 10.67 (19.05) 56.52 71.43
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 20.00 (26.34) 26.00 (30.59) 23.33 (28.83) 15.22 37.50
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 18.00 (24.96) 18.67 (25.47) 16.00 (23.50) 39.13 57.14
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 22.67 (28.29) 14.67 (22.32) 12.67 (20.76) 52.17 66.07
T19 Untreated control - - 21.33 (27.36) 30.67 (33.59) 37.33 (37.63) - -
S Em ± 2.23 1.50 1.15
CD (P=0.05) NS 4.32 3.31
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant
Table 7: Field bio-efficacy evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG based on fruiting bodies formation in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Number of fruiting bodies formed/plant Per cent increase in fruiting bodies formation
Before spray 14 days after I spray 14 days after II spray 14 days after I spray 14 days after II spray
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 11.20 (3.35) 17.30 (4.16) 22.90 (4.78) 33.42 54.73
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 11.10 (3.33) 19.83 (4.45) 25.23 (5.02) 52.96 70.50
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 10.70 (3.27) 21.27 (4.61) 26.17 (5.12) 64.01 76.80
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 11.27 (3.36) 14.47 (3.80) 18.80 (4.34) 11.57 27.03
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 11.03 (3.32) 14.60 (3.82) 18.90 (4.35) 12.60 27.70
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 11.37 (3.37) 14.73 (3.84) 19.10 (4.37) 13.62 29.05
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 11.23 (3.35) 15.13 (3.89) 19.33 (4.40) 16.71 30.63
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 11.00 (3.32) 15.33 (3.92) 19.53 (4.42) 18.25 31.98
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 11.23 (3.35) 15.57 (3.94) 19.73 (4.44) 20.05 33.33
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 11.37 (3.37) 14.63 (3.82) 18.83 (4.34) 12.85 27.25
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 10.63 (3.26) 14.73 (3.84) 19.00 (4.36) 13.62 28.38
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 11.53 (3.40) 14.87 (3.86) 19.13 (4.37) 14.65 29.28
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 11.37 (3.37) 14.57 (3.82) 18.67 (4.32) 12.34 26.13
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 10.87 (3.29) 14.07 (3.75) 18.27 (4.27) 8.48 23.42
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 10.87 (3.30) 14.40 (3.79) 18.70 (4.32) 11.05 26.35
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 10.47 (3.24) 14.63 (3.83) 18.63 (4.32) 12.85 25.90
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 10.43 (3.23) 13.63 (3.69) 17.83 (4.22) 5.14 20.50
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 11.00 (3.32) 14.20 (3.77) 18.60 (4.31) 9.51 25.68
T19 Untreated control - - 10.77 (3.28) 12.97 (3.60) 14.80 (3.85) - -
S Em ± 0.05 0.05 0.04
CD (P=0.05) NS 0.15 0.12
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant
Table 8: Field bio-efficacy evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG based on cotton yield and Cost: Benefit Ratio
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Yield (q/ha) Per cent increase in yield over control Cost: Benefit Ratio
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 20.28 (4.50) 47.16 1 : 3.09
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 23.17 (4.81) 68.08 1 : 4.56
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 24.20 (4.92) 75.57 1 : 4.69
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 17.78 (4.22) 29.02 1 : 1.69
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 18.20 (4.27) 32.04 1 : 1.83
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 19.00 (4.36) 37.85 1 : 2.12
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 18.27 (4.27) 32.53 1 : 1.92
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 18.80 (4.34) 36.40 1 : 2.09
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 19.27 (4.39) 39.78 1 : 2.13
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 18.77 (4.33) 36.15 1 : 2.17
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 18.98 (4.36) 37.73 1 : 2.12
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 19.48 (4.41) 41.35 1 : 2.16
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 17.20 (4.15) 24.79 1 : 1.67
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 18.28 (4.28) 32.65 1 : 2.47
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 18.62 (4.31) 35.07 1 : 1.09
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 17.27 (4.16) 25.27 1 : 0.82
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 17.77 (4.21) 28.90 1 : 2.47
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 18.33 (4.28) 33.01 1 : 1.41
T19 Untreated control - - 13.78 (3.71) - -
S Em ± 0.05
CD (P=0.05) 0.15
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant

Table 9: Effect of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG on natural enemies (spider) in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Spider population/ plant
Before spray Days after I spray Days after II spray
3 7 3 7
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 2.83 (1.68) 2.50 (1.58) 3.17 (1.78) 2.67 (1.63) 2.27 (1.51)
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 2.73 (1.65) 2.40 (1.54) 3.00 (1.73) 2.70 (1.64) 2.33 (1.53)
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 2.30 (1.52) 2.10 (1.45) 2.60 (1.61) 2.50 (1.58) 2.47 (1.57)
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 2.90 (1.69) 2.43 (1.55) 3.10 (1.75) 2.53 (1.59) 2.07 (1.44)
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 2.60 (1.61) 2.23 (1.49) 2.90 (1.70) 2.60 (1.61) 2.37 (1.54)
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 2.70 (1.64) 2.37 (1.53) 2.97 (1.72) 2.90 (1.70) 2.40 (1.55)
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 2.80 (1.67) 2.73 (1.65) 3.10 (1.76) 2.57 (1.60) 2.30 (1.51)
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 2.53 (1.58) 2.43 (1.56) 2.77 (1.66) 2.60 (1.61) 2.33 (1.53)
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 2.63 (1.62) 2.30 (1.52) 2.90 (1.70) 2.60 (1.61) 2.20 (1.48)
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 2.50 (1.57) 2.57 (1.60) 2.90 (1.70) 2.43 (1.56) 2.37 (1.54)
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 2.33 (1.53) 2.27 (1.51) 2.63 (1.62) 2.33 (1.53) 2.20 (1.48)
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 2.97 (1.72) 2.67 (1.63) 3.13 (1.77) 2.77 (1.66) 2.50 (1.58)
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 2.73 (1.65) 2.57 (1.60) 2.87 (1.69) 2.53 (1.59) 2.20 (1.48)
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 2.47 (1.56) 2.10 (1.45) 2.67 (1.63) 2.60 (1.61) 2.10 (1.45)
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 2.50 (1.58) 2.30 (1.52) 2.80 (1.67) 2.50 (1.58) 2.27 (1.50)
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 2.43 (1.56) 2.27 (1.50) 2.73 (1.65) 2.37 (1.54) 2.13 (1.46)
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 2.40 (1.55) 2.17 (1.47) 2.67 (1.63) 2.37 (1.54) 2.20 (1.48)
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 2.60 (1.61) 2.23 (1.49) 2.77 (1.66) 2.53 (1.59) 2.13 (1.46)
T19 Untreated control - - 2.37 (1.54) 2.70 (1.64) 3.50 (1.87) 3.23 (1.80) 2.70 (1.64)
S Em ± 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant

Table 10: Effect of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG on natural enemies (coccinellids) in cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Coccinellids population/ plant
Before spray Days after I spray Days after II spray
3 7 3 7
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 3.77 (1.94) 3.53 (1.88) 3.93 (1.98) 3.57 (1.89) 3.40 (1.84)
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 3.67 (1.91) 3.27 (1.81) 3.93 (1.98) 3.63 (1.90) 3.37 (1.83)
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 3.33 (1.83) 3.37 (1.83) 3.63 (1.91) 3.43 (1.85) 3.57 (1.89)
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 3.67 (1.91) 3.47 (1.86) 4.13 (2.03) 3.47 (1.86) 3.27 (1.81)
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 3.50 (1.87) 3.60 (1.90) 4.10 (2.02) 3.50 (1.87) 3.50 (1.87)
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 3.57 (1.89) 3.57 (1.89) 4.00 (2.00) 3.90 (1.97) 3.60 (1.90)
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 3.63 (1.90) 3.70 (1.92) 3.93 (1.98) 3.50 (1.87) 3.43 (1.85)
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 3.53 (1.88) 3.40 (1.84) 3.73 (1.93) 3.57 (1.89) 3.53 (1.88)
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 3.63 (1.91) 3.50 (1.87) 3.87 (1.97) 3.63 (1.91) 3.40 (1.84)
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 3.40 (1.84) 3.53 (1.88) 3.87 (1.97) 3.50 (1.87) 3.57 (1.89)
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 3.53 (1.88) 3.47 (1.86) 3.70 (1.92) 3.53 (1.88) 3.40 (1.84)
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 3.60 (1.90) 3.67 (1.91) 3.90 (1.97) 3.70 (1.92) 3.70 (1.92)
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 3.77 (1.94) 3.53 (1.88) 3.60 (1.90) 3.60 (1.90) 3.40 (1.84)
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 3.33 (1.83) 3.30 (1.81) 3.60 (1.90) 3.63 (1.91) 3.30 (1.82)
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 3.70 (1.92) 3.50 (1.87) 3.43 (1.85) 3.53 (1.88) 3.47 (1.86)
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 3.73 (1.93) 3.47 (1.86) 3.67 (1.91) 3.37 (1.83) 3.33 (1.83)
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 3.60 (1.90) 3.37 (1.83) 3.67 (1.91) 3.57 (1.89) 3.40 (1.84)
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 3.70 (1.92) 3.43 (1.85) 3.60 (1.90) 3.63 (1.91) 3.33 (1.82)
T19 Untreated control - - 3.73 (1.93) 3.90 (1.97) 4.70 (2.17) 4.13 (2.03) 3.90 (1.97)
S Em ± 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.03
CD (P=0.05) NS NS NS NS NS
Figures in parentheses are square root transformed values (x + 0.5) NS – Non significant

Table 11: Phytotoxicity evaluation of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG on cotton crop
S. No. Treatment A.I. dose (g/ha) Formulation dose (ml or g/ha) Phytotoxicity parameters observed*
(mean data recorded at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after each spray)
L W N V E H
T1 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 16 + 20 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T2 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 19.2 + 24 240 0 0 0 0 0 0
T3 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 24+ 30 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T4 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 30 + 16 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T5 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 36 + 19.2 240 0 0 0 0 0 0
T6 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% WDG 45 + 24 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T7 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 + 20 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T8 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 36 + 24 240 0 0 0 0 0 0
T9 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 45 + 30 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T10 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 16 + 20 200 0 0 0 0 0 0
T11 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 19.2 + 24 240 0 0 0 0 0 0
T12 Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 24+ 30 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T13 Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG 45 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T14 Clothianidin 8% WDG 24 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T15 Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 30 300 0 0 0 0 0 0
T16 Mepiquat chloride 5% AS (applied only once) 62.5 1250 0 0 0 0 0 0
T17 Clothianidin 50% WDG 25 50 0 0 0 0 0 0
T18 Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC 30 150 0 0 0 0 0 0
T19 Untreated control - - 0 0 0 0 0 0
T20 Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG 90 + 48+ 60 600 0 0 0 0 0 0
L – Leaf injury on tips/ surface, W – Wilting, N – Necrosis, V – Vein clearing, E – Epinasty, H – Hyponasty
*Based on 0-10 scale where: 0=0%, 1=1-10%, 2=11-20%, 3=21-30%, 4=31-40%, 5=41-50%, 6=51-60%, 7=61-70%, 8=71-80%, 9=81-90%,10=91-100%

From the above, it can be clearly seen that the composition of the present invention is superior for controlling the whitefly population at 3, 7 and 14 days after each spray (Table 4 and 5) and fruiting bodies damaged by bollworms at 14 days after each spray (Table 6). Also, the number of fruiting bodies formation increased when observed at 14 days after first and second spray (Table 7). Thus, the effectiveness of ternary composition on cotton crop was superior over binary composition and solo component comprising Mepiquat chloride 15% WDG, Clothianidin 8% WDG and Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG at different dosage levels. Other registered formulated products available in the market, Mepiquat chloride 5% AS, Clothianidin 50% WDG and Chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC evaluated were also less effective to ternary composition at each level of application. The yield of cotton also improved in the ternary composition of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG as compared to binary and solo components (Table 8). One of the reasons of higher crop yield in ternary treatments may be due to better control of sucking pest (whitefly), borer pest (bollworms) and improved fruiting bodies formation. The Cost: Benefit Ratio revealed that ternary composition of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 240 g/ha and 300 g/ha were most economical with higher Cost: Benefit Ratio as compared to other binary and solo treatments (Table 8).

The disclosed composition of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG showed no adverse impact on the natural enemies (spiders and coccinellids) most prevailing in the cotton crop ecosystem being the population significantly at par with control and other binary and solo treatments before first spray and at 3 and 7 days after each spray (Table 9 and 10). Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG applied @ 200, 240, 300 and 600 g/ha also showed no phytotoxicity to the cotton crop when observed at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after each spray (Table 11).

It is evident from the above tables of examples that the composition of the present invention Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG resulted in efficient control of whitefly population, bollworms damage to fruiting bodies and in increasing the fruiting bodies formation with higher yield as compared to the reference standard products (binary compositions and solo products). The Cost: Benefit Ratio also showed that ternary composition of Mepiquat chloride 15% + Clothianidin 8% + Chlorantraniliprole 10% WDG @ 240 and 300 g/ha was most economical with higher Cost: Benefit Ratio as compared to other binary and solo treatments. Further, the composition of present invention is resulted synergistic.

From the above investigations, it will be observed that numerous modifications and variations can be effectuated without departing from the true spirit and scope of the novel concepts of the present invention. It is to be understood that no limitations with respect to the specific embodiments illustrated is intended or should be inferred. It should be understood that all such modifications and improvements have been deleted herein for the sake of conciseness and readability but are properly within the scope of the following claims.

We Claim:

1. A synergistic pesticidal composition comprising at least two insecticides, at least one plant growth regulator with one or more agriculturally acceptable excipients.

2. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least two insecticides are selected from neonicotinoid insecticide and diamide insecticides.

3. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the at least one diamide insecticide is selected from anthranilic diamide and pthalamide compounds comprising of Chlorantraniliprole, Cyantraniliprole, Cyclaniliprole, Fluchlordiniliprole, Tetrachlorantraniliprole, Tetraniliprole and Flubendiamide or its agrochemically acceptable salts.

4. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein at least one neonicotinoid insecticide is selected from Clothianidin, Dinotefuran, Imidacloprid, Imidaclothiz, Thiamethoxam, Nitenpyram, Nithiazine, Acetamiprid, Cycloxaprid, and Thiacloprid or its agrochemically acceptable salts.

5. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant growth regulator is selected from Mepiquat Chloride, Chlormequat Chloride and Paclobutrazol or its agrochemically acceptable salts.

6. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the neonicotinoid insecticide is in the range of 0.5 % to 50% by weight of the composition.

7. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diamide insecticide is in the range of 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition.

8. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the plant growth regulator is in the range of 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition.

9. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diamide insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole and neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin.

10. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diamide insecticide is Cyantraniliprole and neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin.

11. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 2, wherein the diamide insecticide is Chlorantraniliprole, neonicotinoid insecticide is Clothianidin and plant growth regulator is Mepiquat Chloride.

12. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the agriculturally acceptable excipients are selected from the group comprising surfactants/dispersing agents, polymers, anti-freezing agent, wetting agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, pigments, protective colloids, adhesives, binder/structuring agents, biocides/anti-microbial agent, thickeners, emulsifiers, buffering agent, fillers, diluents/solvents, quick coating agents or sticking agents, stabilizers, sequestering agents penetration agents, preservatives, adjuvants and solvents or a combination thereof.

13. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of:
a. Clothianidin or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one diamide insecticide its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition
c. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

14. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of:
a. Clothianidin or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition;
c. Chlorantraniliprole or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

15. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises of:
a. Dinotefuran or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 to 50% by weight of the composition;
b. at least one plant growth regulator or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.5 % to 25% by weight of the composition;
c. Chlorantraniliprole or its agrochemically acceptable salts in an amount in the range from 0.4 % to 50% by weight of the composition; and
d. at least one agriculturally acceptable excipients.

16. The synergistic pesticidal composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is in the form selected from Capsule suspension (CS), Dispersible concentrate (DC), Dustable powder (DP), Powder for dry seed treatment (DS), Emulsifiable concentrate (EC), Emulsifiable granule (EG), Emulsion water-in-oil (EO), Emulsifiable powder (EP), Emulsion for seed treatment (ES), Emulsion oil-in-water (EW), Flowable concentrate for seed treatment (FS), Granules (GR), Micro-emulsion (ME), Oil-dispersion (OD), Oil miscible flowable concentrate (OF), Oil miscible liquid (OL), Oil dispersible powder (OP), Suspension concentrate (SC), Suspension concentrate for direct application (SD), Suspo-emulsion (SE), Water soluble granule (SG), Soluble concentrate (SL), Spreading oil (SO), Water soluble powder (SP), Water soluble tablet (ST), Ultra-low volume (ULV) suspension, Tablet (TB), Ultra-low volume (ULV) liquid, Water dispersible granules (WG/WDG), Wettable powder (WP), Water dispersible powder for slurry seed treatment (WS), Water dispersible tablet (WT), a mixed formulation of CS and SC (ZC) or A mixed formulation of CS and SE (ZE) and a mixed formulation of CS and EW (ZW).

17. A method for pest control comprising applying to the plant or portion thereof or soil, a pesticidal effective amount of the composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 – 16.

18. A method of improving vigour or yield of the plant comprising, treating a plant or portion thereof or soil, a pesticidal effective amount of the composition as claimed in any one of the claims 1 – 16.