CLIAMS:
We claim

1. A low cost method and system for the production of biofuel including bio ethanol, bio-gas and manure from deoiled non edible cakes of oil seeds using modularly expandable equipment and components.

2. In the system as claimed in claim 1:
a) Samples of castor bean cake (CBC) are taken from the castor seed oil extraction plant and dried at 50.c for 24 hours.
b) after calculating intial moisture content, remaining amount of de-oiled cake is considered as total solids;
c) the reducing sugar is analyzed by DNSA method with 1:1 dilution;
d) The non edible de-oiled castor seed cake is treated with 1.5% (on wt. of cake) with calcium carbide wherein the chemical reacts with the moisture content of cake to form acetylene gas in situ and lime;
e) The gas formed in-situ chemically partially degrades the cake contents;
f) The mixture of microbes containing amylase, cellulase, pullunase are added up to 5 % and allowed to react in an air tight steel vessel for 24 hrs;
g) Water maximum up to 10 % of mass is added and the properly mixed massed is kept for 24 hrs;
h) The same chemical reagent is added up to 1.5% and kept for 6 hrs;
i) The compost is tested for its C : H ratio and volatiles are collected under vacuum by heating maximum up to 55’ C and is diluted as 1:1 for further fermentation;
j) The above composed cake is fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 28.c for 72 hours with pH range 5 to 6;
k) The media is then autoclaved for 5 minutes at 15 psi;
l) Harvesting is done by centrifuge at 10,000 rpm at 4.c for 10 minutes;
m) Sugar conversion (DNSA) and alcohol produced (Potassium Dichromate) with respect to time is analyzed;
n) The fermented compost cake is vacuum distilled upto 55C and 75 mm Hg wherein 100 gm of CBC gives 25 ml of ethanol.
,TagSPECI:FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT 1970
(39 OF 1970)
AND
The patent rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10: rule 13)

1. TITLE OF INVENTION

Synthesis of Bio-fuel and Manure From Non-Edible De-oiled Cakes

2APPLICANTS

Name Nationality Address
Mrs.Minal Deshmukh Indian Maharashtra Institute Of Technology, Pune.

Dr. Anant B. Marathe Indian Amber Apartment, H.V.P.M. Campus, Near Ambadevi Temple, Amravati - 444 605

3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION

COMPLETE
Following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed.

4. DESCRIPTION

Technical field of invention:
The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of biofuel including bioethanol from nonedible deoiled cake required for transesterification in biodiesel plant, Bio-gas and manure. More specifically, the invention relates to preparation of bioethanol, Bio-gas and micronutrient rich solid residue. Bio-ethanol has potential for blending with petroleum derived fuel.

Prior art:
Petroleum derived fuels have served the mankind for ages. However, the recent awakening to the realization of dismal scenario of fossil fuel availability, perils of petroleum resource exhaustion, and stringent environmental legislation governing world wide, has led to search for alternative energy sources (Herrera et al., 2004; Li et al 2010). Therefore, several alternative fuels are being investigated, which can either completely replace the petroleum derived fuels (gasoline and diesel) or can be blended with petroleum fuels to certain proportions, without requiring specially adopted engines in vehicles.

Bio-diesel is a petroleum fuel equivalent that can be produced from a variety of biological sources including vegetable oils and animal fats. Because bio-fuel's combustion profile is similar to that of petroleum diesel, it can be used in conventional diesel engines either alone or blended with traditional petroleum diesel. Given that bio diesel is a renewable fuel source with a significantly reduced environmental impact, it is extremely attractive as a replacement or adjunct to traditional petroleum diesel.

Unlike traditional petroleum fuel, bio-fuel can be produced from entirely renewable sources: vegetable oils and animal fats. Consequently, bio-fuel is a renewable energy alternative to petroleum fuel that is increasingly seen as a natural resource with a finite, limited supply. Moreover, even if bio-fuel is not used as a complete replacement for conventional fuel, it may at least supplement or augment conventionally sourced fuel, stretching out those limited supplies.

Bio-fuel is also attractive when compared to traditional petroleum because of its significant environmental benefits. First, bio-fuel is an essentially carbon neutral fuel. Unlike petroleum diesel which releases carbon that was previously stored or captured underground upon combustion, virtually all of the carbon that makes up bio-diesel originates in the atmosphere and is simply returned to the atmosphere upon combustion. Second, bio-diesel has a significantly improved emissions profile relative to conventional diesel. Carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfates, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and unburned hydrocarbon emissions are all reduced by over 50% in bio-diesel when compared to conventional diesel. Many studies do indicate, however, that nitrogen oxide emissions may be slightly increased in bio-diesel.

Object:

1. An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method that will produce Bio-fuel including Bio-ethanol.

2. Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method that is cost effective, easy to use and easy to install.

3. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method that will produce the solid residue from deoiled cake which can further be processed to get the important byproducts like biogas and slurry which can be further used as a fuel and enriched organic manure in the agricultural fields respectively.

Other objects, features and advantages will become apparent from detail description and appended claims to those skilled in art.

STATEMENT:

Accordingly following invention relates to system and process for bio ethanol production from Jatrophacurcas, Castor and Pongamiapinnata (Karanja) non-edible oil seeds by employing chemical and enzymatic method. India has a lot of potential of non-edible oil tree born seeds. The country is endowed with more than 100 species of tree born non-edible oil seeds occurring in wild or cultivated sporadically, to yield oil inconsiderable quantities. Depletion in petroleum resources and global warming necessitate the importance of alternative renewable energy sources including biofuels like bioethanol and biodiesel. Non-edible deoiled cakes are potential feed stock for bioethanol due to its high concentration of starch. The present invention is intended towards the need of treating the cake by chemical and enzymatic treatments for producing bioethanol. Biodiesel is produced by estrification of triglycerides of vegetable oils by ethanol in presence of catalyst. In biodiesel plant, large quantity of ethanol is required for transesterfication and detoxification process. The demand could get fulfilled by the bioethanol which made this study as an integrated process. The process is optimized by reducing the dilution as 1:1 along with vacuum distillation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING:

This invention is described by way of example with reference to the following drawing where,

Figure 1 of sheet 1 showing schematic diagram showing utilization of non-edible oil seeds for production of renewable liquid (biodiesel) .

Figure 2 of sheet 2 shows Graphical representations for Ethanol fermentation with enzymatic hydrolysis
In order that the manner in which the above-cited and other advantages and objects of the invention are obtained, a more particular description of the invention briefly described above will be referred, which are illustrated in the appended drawing. Understanding that these drawing depict only typical embodiment of the invention and therefore not to be considered limiting on its scope, the invention will be described with additional specificity and details through the use of the accompanying drawing.
METHODOLOGY
A study is carried to explore the potential of bio-ethanol generation from non-edible de-oiled cakes of Jatropha, Karanja and Castor Seeds. The aim of the investigation is to evaluate various operating parameter of bioethanol generation under anaerobic condition from non-edible oil seed cakes. Anaerobic digestions of Jatropha, Karanja and Castor non-edible oil seed cakes are carried out under messophilic range in the laboratory conditions using 5 litre glass fermentors. The feed materials will Jatropha, Kranja, Castor and various combination of cake.

Materials
Samples of deoiled castor bean cake (CBC) are taken from the solvent extraction plant and dried at 50.c for 24 hours.

Analysis of the cake is given in table-1 :

Table-1 : Proximate Analysis
Sr.no. Castor DOC
1 Moisture(%) 9.70
Ash(%) 5.80
Volatile Matter(%) 61.10
Fixed carbon(%) 23.40
2. Gross calorific value (kcal/kg) 4285

Estimation of reducing sugar
The reducing sugar was analyzed by DNSA method with 1:1 dilution. The initial sugar content measured was 10.5g/lit.

Saccrification of Starch with Chemical & Enzymatic Treatments
The non edible de-oiled cake is treated with 1.5% (on wt. of cake) with chemical reagent calcium carbide. The calcium carbide reacts with the moisture content of cake to form acetylene gas and lime. The gas formed in-situ chemically partially degrades the cake contents and calcium hydroxide helps for alkalinity. The mixture of microbes containing amylase, cellulase, pullunase are added up to 5 % and allowed to react in an air tight steel vessel for 24 hrs. Water maximum up to 10 % of mass is added and the properly mixed massed is kept for 24 hrs. The same chemical reagent is added up to 1.5% and kept for 6 hrs. The compost is tested for its C : H ratio and volatiles are collected under vacuum by heating maximum up to 55’ C. It was diluted as 1:1 for further fermentation.

Compost Fermentation
The above composed cake is fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 28.c for 72 hours with pH range 5 to 6. The media is then autoclaved for 5 minutes at 15 psi. Harvesting is done by centrifuge at 10,000 rpm at 4.c for 10 minutes. Sugar conversion (DNSA) and alcohol produced (Potassium Dichromate) with respect to time is analyzed. The fermented compost cake is vacuum distilled upto 55C and 75 mm Hg. The 100 gm of CBC gives 25ml of ethanol.

Results and Discussion
Analysis of reducing sugar and ethanol with chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis
Intial reducing sugar content in CBC analyzed by DNSA was 10.5g. This sugar content is increased upto 63.5 g by the saccrification of starch with combined chemical and enzyme treatment with dilution 1:1. Fermentation is done by using saccromucesscervese at 300c and pH maintained is 6, reaction time given is 72hr. Ethanol was extracted by vacuum distillation which gives 25ml of ethanol from 100 gm of CBC. Hence on large scale calculation, 250 L of Ethanol can be obtained per ton of CBC. The sample analyzed on gas chromatography has shown 84% purity. According to this mass balance,270L of ethanol per ton of processed CBC can be obtained.
The waste residue of hydrolysis and fermentation process is analyzed. It indicates the absence of starch in the solid residue and has the composition as lipids, proteins, fibre, phosphorous, magnesium and sodium. Considering the increasing generation of waste associated with production of oil from castor bean seeds, the utilization of CBC for co-generation of ethanol could be integrated to the transesterification process, reducing cost and giving solution to destination to CBC residue.
Table-2 : Fermentation of Cake
Time Interval (Hr) PH Sugar Percentage(%S) Alcohol Production
0 6.5 63.5g 0
12 6.5 50.8g 15.5ml
24 6 34.5g 21.5ml
36 5.5 19.5g 27ml
48 6 8.5g 30ml
60 5.5 8.5g 30ml

Fermentation Kinetics
The kinetic study of substrate fermented with respect to time was done to estimate the order of reaction.
Basis- 100 gm of non edible deoiled cake substrate(s)

Table-3 :
S 0.09 0.04 0.005
ds/dT 0.4 0.22 0.06

Sr.no. Time(hr) Substrate(%S) ds/dT 1/s 1/( ds/dT)
1 0 73.5 -- --- ---
2 12 60.8 0.225 0.12048 4.4444
3 24 54.5g 0.45833 0.357143 2.1818
4 36 39.0 0.0658 2.325581 15.1898
5 48 13.5 -- --- ---
6 72 13.5 -- --- --

The kinetics of the fermentation process is found to be first order with respect to substrate.

Conclusion:
Non-edible deoiled cakes can be used as best resource for the production of bioethanol by fermentation .The saccrification by combined chemical and enzyme treatment is found to give a better yield .The ethanol produced was analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with ionic exchange column, distilled water is used as mobile phase .the optimum operating conditions are found tobe 350c and optimum PH 5.5.

According to the saccrification and fermentation results, it is possible to produce 250 L per ton of nonedible deoiled cake.

Additional advantages and modification will readily occur to those skilled in art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspect is not limited to specific details and representative embodiments shown and described herein. Accordingly various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the general invention concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.