Description:FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
( 39 of 1970)
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(Section 10 and Rule 13)

“Synthesis of water soluble nanoparticles of Potassium through
Plant extract and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) solvent”

BIOFAC INPUTS PRIVATE LIMITED, Indian, Unit-I : Plot No. 74C, Anrich Industrial Estate IDA ,
Bollaram, Hyderabad -502325. Telangana State

The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and
the manner in which it is to be performed

FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to an inorganic metal nanoparticles. More particularly, the present invention relates to biosynthesis of nanoparticles of Potassium through Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solvent.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Water-soluble salts have been used as hard templates in the preparation of porous materials, hollow materials, and nanostructured materials1–11 because they can be easily removed and have good chemical stability and high temperature resistance when compared to other sacrificial template materials such as SiO2 and zeolites.12–14 However, the particle size of existing water-soluble salts for hard templates is generally on the scale of a few micrometers, which severely limits their application. For example, when micrometer-sized salts are used to prepare porous materials, only micrometer-sized pores are obtained.2–6 When they are used as isolation media for the preparation of nanoparticles like FePt, large quantities are required, usually hundreds or thousands of times the weight of the raw materials, owing to the large size of the salt particles.8–11 It is more difficult to prepare water-soluble salt nanoparticles than water-insoluble nanoparticles such as metallic oxides, metal sulfides, and metal powders. Water-insoluble nanoparticles can be prepared by methods like grinding,15,16 chemical precipitation,17–21 or sol–gel synthesis,22,23 but none of these processes are suitable for the preparation of water soluble salts because of their high hygroscopicity and agglomeration tendencies.24–26 Currently, a limited number of methods are available for the preparation of nanoscale water-soluble salts. A small amount of water-soluble salt nanoparticles can be prepared by steam quenching,27,28 but the yield is very low. Andrews et al.29 used spray drying to prepare NaCl particles, but the size of the obtained particles was still in the micrometer range. Malonic ester synthesis was used by Annen et al.30 to prepare 100–300 nm-sized NaCl nanoparticles, but the raw materials were expensive, and all operations were carried out strictly in the absence of water. Ravi Kumar et al.31 prepared CaCl2 nanoparticles by combining a water-in-oil micro emulsion system with vacuum evaporation, and Zhang et al.32 improved this method by adding cyclohexane. However, the method was rather complicated, and the cost was high. Therefore, it remains a challenge to prepare water soluble nanoparticles in a simple manner. Here, we introduce a facile method for preparing water soluble Potassium sulfate nanoparticles. We performed anti solvent precipitation, by mixing an aqueous solution of K2SO4 with ethanol. Because the solubility of K2SO4 in the aqueous ethanol solvent system is lower than that in the aqueous system, the K2SO4 particles precipitate. Anti-solvent precipitation is a relatively rapid and simple method for recovering water-soluble materials; however, typically, only particles with micrometer or submicrometer dimensions can be obtained.33–45 Polyacrylic acid was introduced to promote particle nucleation and decrease the particle size of K2SO4. By varying the amount of
The simple preparation of Potassium nanoparticles using different physic methods (anti-solvent precipitation and electron bombardment). However, studies about the use of plants such as Sideroxylon capiri (tempisque) for the synthesis of Potassium nanoparticles as a green chemistry method are scarce. Sideroxylon capiri is a tree native to Mexico, which leaves, and fruits are used as a food condiment and the rural population in traditional medicine as an antiseptic for cleaning wounds. Currently, S. capiri have been the focus of scientific interest mainly because of their significant content of total phenols, flavonoids, antioxidant activity in fruits and to treat kidney diseases [12].Therefore in this study we report the first synthesis of Potassium nanoparticles by Sideroxylon capiri extracts and the evaluation of their bactericidal and antifungal activities against Bacillus cereus, Enterobacter aerogenes, Fusarium solani and Botrytis cinerea causing of spoilage of fresh fruits and vegetables.
Potassium Oxide (K2O) Nanopowder or Nanoparticles, nanodots or nanocrystals are ferric and ferrous spherical or faceted high surface area oxide magnetic nanostructured particles. Nanoscale Potassium Oxide Particles are typically 20-80 nanometers (nm) with specific surface area (SSA) in the 10 - 50 m2/g range and also available with an average particle size of 100 nm range with a specific surface area of approximately 7- 10 m2/g. Nano Potassium Oxide Particles are also available in ultra-high purity and high purity, transparent, and coated and dispersed forms. They are also available as a nanofluid through the AE Nanofluid production group. Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology. Nanofluid dispersion and coating selection technical guidance is also available. Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nano composites. Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers. Development research is underway in Nano Electronics and Photonics materials, such as MEMS and NEMS, Bio Nano Materials, such as Biomarkers, Bio Diagnostics & Bio Sensors, and Related Nano Materials, for use in Polymers, Textiles, Fuel Cell Layers, Composites and Solar Energy materials. Nano powders are analyzed for chemical composition by ICP, particle size distribution (PSD) by laser diffraction, and for Specific Surface Area (SSA) by BET multi-point correlation techniques. Novel nanotechnology applications also include Quantum Dots. High surface areas can also be achieved using solutions and using thin film by sputtering targets and evaporation technology using pellets, rod and foil.
So there is a need for biosynthesis of nanoparticles of Potassium through Potassium nitrate, (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solvent.
The present invention is an environment-friendly, cost-effective, biocompatible, safe, green approach Biosynthesis of nanoparticles includes synthesis through plants, bacteria, fungi, algae etc. NPs synthesized from biomimetic approach show more catalytic activity and limit the use of expensive and toxic chemicals. These (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract secrete some phytochemicals that act as both reducing agent and capping or stabilization agent. The present invention involves reaction of Potassium nitrate with Azardictchta Indica (neem) results in the Nano Potassium particles.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION:
The principle object of the present invention is to provide a biosynthesis of water soluble nanoparticles of Potassium through Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solvent.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an environment-friendly, cost-effective, biocompatible solution for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles of Potassium through Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract, Potassium nitrate and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solvent.
Yet another object of the present invention is to show more catalytic activity and limit the use of expensive and toxic chemicals.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Accordingly, a method of synthesizing water soluble Potassium nanoparticles through Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) solvent is disclosed. The method for synthesizing water soluble Potassium nanoparticles comprising the steps of
a. Preparing Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution;
b. Heating a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium nitrate at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and
c. Adding the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution with each other [colour change (from colourless to yellow] to produce the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles. The DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is used as a solvent and added to the plant part according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtering the solution using Whatman filter paper. The (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract is used as a reducing agent. Water soluble Potassium nanoparticles have a mean diameter in the range from about 225 to about 347 nm. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide DMSO according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Description of drawings:
Fig 1, Shows the flow chart of water soluble Nano Potassium.
Fig 2, Shows the microscopic view at 225 to about 347 m (nanometer).
Fig 3, Shows the Sample – water soluble nano Potassium.
Fig 4, Shows The dual role of the plant extract as a reducing and capping agent and presence of some functional groups was confirmed by FTIR analysis .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH RESPECT TO DRAWINGS:
PREPARATION OF PLANT EXTRACT:
The neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part is washed thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water Then, the neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part is kept for drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle. DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) is added to the neem (Azadirachta indica ) leaf plant part according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer. The solution is filtered using Whatman filter paper and the obtained clear solution was used as a plant extract.
BIO-AVAILABILITY OF K
Fig 1 shows flow chart of water soluble nano Potassium in which Incubation period results in a change of color of the mixture to Light Brown which is a visual confirmation of the synthesized NPs . Further, water soluble synthesized Nanoparticles are further characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), & Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).
Fig 2 shows microscopic view at 225 nm (nanometer) in which SEM technique was employed to visualize the size of water soluble Potassium Nanoparticles. The formation of water soluble Potassium Nanoparticles as well as their morphological dimensions in the SEM analysis demonstrated that the average size was from 225 to 347 nm with inter-particle distance.
Fig 4 shows a broad band between 3441 cm−1 is due to the N–H stretching vibration of group 30 NH2 and OH the overlapping of the stretching vibration of attributed for DMSO and plant extract molecules. From FT–IR results, it can be concluded that some of the bioorganics compounds from plant extract formed a strong coating/capping on the Nanoparticles.
Various experiments are carried out in order to select solvent as well as Potassium ion source.
Potassium ion sources such as Potassium chloride, Potassium acetate, and Potassium nitrate are used and various solvents such as water, ethanol, acetone, DMSO are used.
Examples Following examples are given by way of illustration therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.
The following is the experimental data which shows that by the reaction of various Potassium ion sources such as Potassium chloride, Potassium acetate, and Potassium nitrate and various solvents such as water, ethanol, acetone, water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are obtained only by reacting DMSO and Potassium nitrate.
Example 1:
Using Water and Potassium chloride:
Here water is used as a solvent and Potassium chloride is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium chloride is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer; and the Potassium chloride solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of water according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 2:
Using Water and Potassium acetate:
Here water is used as a solvent and Potassium acetate is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium acetate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer; and the Potassium acetate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of water according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 3:
Using Water and Potassium nitrate:
Here water is used as a solvent and Potassium nitrate solution is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mili molar solution of Potassium nitrate solution is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other. [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred]. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of water according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 4:
Using Ethanol and Potassium chloride:
Here Ethanol is used as a solvent and Potassium chloride is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium chloride is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer; and the Potassium chloride solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred.
The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of ethanol according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 5:
Using Ethanol and Potassium acetate:
Here water is used as a solvent and Potassium acetate is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium acetate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium acetate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of ethanol according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 6:
Using Ethanol and Potassium nitrate:
Here Ethanol is used as a solvent and Potassium nitrate solution is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium nitrate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer; and the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other. [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred]. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of ethanol according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 7:
Using acetone and Potassium chloride:
Here acetone is used as a solvent and Potassium chloride is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium chloride is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium chloride solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of acetone according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 8:
Using acetone and Potassium nitrate:
Here acetone is used as a solvent and Potassium nitrate solution is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium nitrate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other. [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred]. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of acetone according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 9:
Using acetone and Potassium acetate:
Here acetone is used as a solvent and Potassium acetate is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium acetate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the silicon acetate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [No colour change and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of acetone according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 10:
DMSO and Potassium acetate:
Here DMSO is used as a solvent and Potassium acetate solution is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium acetate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium acetate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [no colour change occurs and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Here only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 11:
DMSO and Potassium chloride:
Here DMSO is used as a solvent and Potassium chloride solution is used as a Potassium ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium chloride is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium chloride solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [no colour change occurs and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are not obtained. Here only precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
Example 12:
DMSO and Potassium nitrate:
Here DMSO is used as a solvent and Potassium nitrate solution is used as a silicon ion source. First Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution is prepared and a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium nitrate is heated at a temperature of 35- 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution are added with each other [colour change from colourless to brown colour occurs and the water soluble Potassium nanoparticles are obtained. Here no precipitation is occurred. The said (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the (Azadirachta Indica) leaf plant part thoroughly in running tap water and sterilized using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and then crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) according to the desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
ADVANTAGES OF WATER SOLUBLE NANO Potassium
• Nano particle refer to a particle size of roughly 1 to 100 nm .At this scale the physical, chemical and biological properties of material differ fundamentally and often unexpectedly. These nanomineral particle are having higher potential than their conventional sources and thus reduce the quantity required.
• Use of nano-materials, particularly nano-silica as supplementary cementitious material, in manufacturing of paste, mortar, and concrete offer the potential of producing materials with new and interesting properties, such as enhanced strength and durability properties.
• Potassium nanoparticles possess unique advantages as a delivery carrier, including excellent biocomptability, high hydrophobicity, systemic stability and resistance to Ph changes and large multifunctionality, high loading capability and high bioavailability.

, Claims:Claims:
We claim:
1. A method of synthesizing water soluble Potassium nitrate nanoparticles, using DMSO comprising the steps of;
a. Preparing Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution;
b. . Heating a 10 mill molar solution of Potassium nitrate at a temperature of 40 ᵒC in a hot plate stirrer ; and
c. Adding the Potassium nitrate solution and the neem (Azardirachta indica) leaf plant extract solution with each other [colour change (from colouless to yellow ] to produce the Potassium nanoparticles.
2. The method of synthesizing water soluble Potassium nitrate nanoparticles, using DMSO as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said Neem (Azadirachta Indica ) leaf plant extract solution is prepared by washing the plant part thoroughly in running tap water followed by sterilization using double distilled water followed by drying at room temperature followed by weighing and crushing it using a mortar and pestle followed by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as per desired concentration and continuous stirring using a magnetic stirrer followed by filtration.
3. The method of synthesizing water soluble Potassium nitrate nanoparticles, using DMSO as claimed in claim 1, wherein said Potassium nanoparticles have a mean diameter in the range from about 225 to about 347 nm.

Place : Hyderabad For, Biofac Inputs Private Limited. Date : 22/04/2023 Agent of the applicant
Pallavi unmesh deshmukh