FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to Synthesis of Zn/CaO/Fe3O4 for the biodiesel production from
5 vegetable oil.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
CN101492603A says that invention belongs to the biodiesel preparation technical
field, in particular to a method for producing the biodiesel by tallow seed oil and a
special magnetic nanometer difunctional solid catalyst suitable for the method. The
10 invention is characterized in that: the tallow seed oil and a low-carbon alcohol are put
in a reaction system and react under the catalysis of the catalyst; wherein the catalyst
is magnetic nanometer solid acid or/and alkali with the particle size of 30-200nm, the
low-carbon alcohol is methyl alcohol, and the reaction is esterification and/or ester
exchange reaction; the usage of the catalyst is 1-8% of the weight of the tallow seed
15 oil, the alcohol/oil mol ratio is maintained to be 5-45:1, and the reaction temperature
is 60-180 DEG C; the reaction lasts 1-10h at normal pressure, glycerol is separated,
the methyl alcohol is evaporated out, so that the prepared biodiesel is neutral. With
the invention adopted, the magnetic nanometer difunctional solid catalyst having the
advantages of high activity, good intensity, long service life and good regenerability is
20 obtained; in addition, the post process of biodiesel production is simple, the yield is
high, thus meeting the production requirement of environmental protection.
Research Gap: We have used Zn/CaO/Fe3O4 instead of the solid support
CN101157037A says that the invention relates to magnetic solid base catalyst, which
comprises catalyst carrier of 30 wt percent to 70 wt percent and active component of
25 30 wt percent to 70 wt percent. The catalyst carrier is a magnetic substance, and the
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active component is divided into oxide of alkali metal or alkali earth metal, hydroxide,
or salt. The invention also provides a method for preparing bio-diesel oil; vegetable oil,
methanol, and the magnetic solid base catalyst are mixed, the time of stirring the
reaction is 2 to 6 hours under 65 plus or minus 5 DEG C, thus the bio-diesel oil is
5 obtained through the separation; wherein, the mol ratio of the methanol and the
vegetable oil is 6 -12:1, and the quantity of the catalyst is 1 wt percent to 10 wt percent
of the weight of the vegetable oil. The production process of the magnetic solid base
catalyst of the invention is simple, the cost is inexpensive, the magnetic solid base
catalyst is used in the ester interchange reaction of the bio-diesel oil preparation, the
10 catalytic performance is superior, and the magnetic solid base catalyst can be
separated, recovered and reused after the ester interchange reaction is finished.
Research Gap: Our catalyst is also based on maghemite (magnetic material) but
supported with CaO and Zn
CN111420661A says that invention discloses a bimetallic solid alkaline nano-catalyst
15 and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the catalyst is a CaO/Ag
nano-catalyst with a porous structure, and Ag nano-particles cover the surfaces of the
CaO nano-particles; the preparation method comprises preparing Ca (MAA)2Nanobelt
and placing it in AgNO3The obtained solution is placed still, filtered and dried, then
calcined to 650 ℃ at room temperature, and kept at the temperature for 10min to
20 prepare the CaO/Ag nano catalyst; the catalyst is applied to transesterification reaction
for preparing biodiesel. The CaO/Ag nano catalyst has large aperture, large pore
volume and rich porous structure, and can effectively improve the quality of triglyceride
macromolecules when being applied to the preparation of biodieselThe mass transfer
rate is increased, the overall reaction rate is improved, the reaction temperature is low,
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the catalyst stability is strong, and the quality yield of the biodiesel reaches 90 percent
or more; meanwhile, the preparation method is simple and has strong.
Research Gap: We used Zn/CaO/Fe3O4 instead of CaO/Ag
SUMMARY OD THE INVENTION
5 When compared to petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel generates much less carbon
monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other pollutants.
Additionally, compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel reduces emissions of cancercausing substances. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel enhances the environment
and air quality, secures an alternative source of energy, and offers environmental
10 safety. Nanocatalysts are unique due to their high activation energy, selectivity, and
increased rates of reaction, recovery, and recycling. The vegetable oils are easily
available in nature and considered as renewable resources. After transesterification,
these oils can solve the deficiency of fossil fuel (biodiesel).
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
15 The detailed description of various exemplary embodiments of the disclosure is
described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that
the embodiments are described herein in such details as to clearly communicate the
disclosure. However, the amount of details provided herein is not intended to limit the
anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all
20 modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present
disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
It is also to be understood that various arrangements may be devised that, although
not explicitly described or shown herein, embody the principles of the present
disclosure. Moreover, all statements herein reciting principles, aspects, and
5
embodiments of the present disclosure, as well as specific examples, are intended to
encompass equivalents thereof.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments
only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the
5 singular forms “a",” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well,
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the
terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes” and/or “including,” when used herein,
specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements and/or
components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
10 features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and/or groups thereof.
It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions/acts
noted may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two figures shown
in succession may, in fact, be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed
in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved.
15 In addition, the descriptions of "first", "second", “third”, and the like in the present
invention are used for the purpose of description only, and are not to be construed as
indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of
technical features indicated. Thus, features defining "first" and "second" may include
at least one of the features, either explicitly or implicitly.
20 Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used
herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the
art to which example embodiments belong. It will be further understood that terms,
e.g., those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a
meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and will
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not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined
herein.
When compared to petroleum diesel fuel, biodiesel generates much less carbon
monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, particulate matter, and other pollutants.
5 Additionally, compared to petroleum diesel, biodiesel reduces emissions of cancercausing substances. The use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel enhances the environment
and air quality, secures an alternative source of energy, and offers environmental
safety. Nanocatalysts are unique due to their high activation energy, selectivity, and
increased rates of reaction, recovery, and recycling. The vegetable oils are easily
10 available in nature and considered as renewable resources. After transesterification,
these oils can solve the deficiency of fossil fuel (biodiesel).
The detailed description of synthesis and utilization of Zn/CaO/Fe3O4 base catalyst in
the production of biodiesel is illustrated as below:
ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
• Heterogeneous catalysis
• Biodiesel production
5 • Recovery and re-utilisation
• Efficient synthetic approach
• Transesterification and optimization of reaction parameters
• Recovery, reutilization and production of biodiesel

We Claim:

1. A method of Synthesis of Zn/CaO/Fe3O4 for the biodiesel production from vegetable
oil comprising the steps of:
1 g of FeCl
3 Dissolve in 100 ml of distilled water Stirred for 25 min
0.2 g of ZnCl
2
Added 10 mg of citric acid
Stirred for 45 min
CaCO3
CaO (0.2 g)
The reacting content again stirred for 45 min
Calcination
The reacting content sonicated for 3 hours
Added 1 M NaOH
Centrifugation and washing with distilled water Zn/CaO/Fe3O4
Completely dried and calcined at 4500C for 3.5 houres Easily available vegetable oil Trans-estrification Methanol BIODIESEL Optimization of reaction parameters such as reaction time, dosage, temperature, oil to methanol ratio and others Recovery and re- utilisation 5
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the use of biodiesel as a vehicle fuel
enhances the environment and air quality, secures an alternative source of energy,
and offers environmental safety.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein Nanocatalysts are unique due to their
10 high activation energy, selectivity, and increased rates of reaction, recovery, and
recycling.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the vegetable oils are easily available in
nature and considered as renewable resources.
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5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein after transesterification, these oils can
solve the deficiency of fossil fuel (biodiesel).