Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates generally to ventilators. More particularly, the present invention relates to system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
[0003] In general, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is a type of positive airway pressure, where the air flow is introduced into the airways to maintain a continuous pressure to constantly stent the airways open, in people who are breathing spontaneously. Different technologies and machines exist which provide the operation of CPAP to a patient with spontaneous breathing. One of the existing technologies enables the usage of a proximal pressure sensor which is situated at the mask. The data of pressure from the proximal pressure sensor is used to provide the user set pressure with PID control algorithm. The cost of incorporating and interfacing the proximal pressure sensor or pressure sensor is quite a complex task and requires additional hardware and cost. Further, breath by breath analysis on the data obtained from inspiratory flow sensor, expiratory flow sensor, inspiratory pressure sensor, expiratory pressure sensor and other sensors for determination of system parameters based on which the inspiration and expiration cycle times are controlled.
[0004] Yet another existing technology provides the airway pressure release of ventilation terminate the inspiration cycle of Thigh at pressure Phigh depending on the expiratory effort of the patient and can prematurely terminate the breath which might not be desired. In another existing technology the time duration for which the inspiration cycle at Pressure Phigh operating in time unit of seconds is relatively very high as compared to the expiration cycle time in second and the inspiration phase allows spontaneous breathing, some of the logic used do not consider the possibility of Co2 retention which decreases the oxygenation level of patient and in turn might decrease the saturation level of the patient.
[0005] According to the theory of operation of the Airway pressure release ventilation some of the logic used in the machines available do not provide the fixed expiration time for the patient to release the pressure which is set according to the user, rather the setting of expiration time is provided but not used since the expiration cycle is subject to termination based on the current or previous sensor data either real time or accumulated over a period of time on the basis of which the decision to terminate the Breath is made. However, these solutions may need complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms that tend to burden the system processing the large information that increases the overall cost of the component used in the system. Furthermore, such an implementation makes the hardware and software system complex and more susceptible to errors.
[0006] There is, therefore, a requirement in the art for a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation based on the real-time data that address at least the above-mentioned problems in the art.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to providing a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which enables the termination of the expiration cycle based on user set expiration time or the patient triggers breathing effort.
[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which initiates the inspiration cycle on the basis of the patient effort which can be the pressure or flow trigger effort.
[0012] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which eliminates the Co2 retention.
[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which are compact, easy to use ventilator systems to support patients.
[0014] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, to employ non-invasive mechanisms to interface with the patient.
[0015] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, eliminating usage of complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms which burden the system with the processing of large information.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0017] The present invention relates generally to system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation.
[0018] In an aspect, the present invention provides a system for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation. The system comprises a first inlet valve, a second inlet valve, a mixing chamber, and a PID controller. The first inlet valve can be configured to receive air from an external source. The second inlet valve can be configured to receive oxygen from the external source. The mixing chamber can be coupled to the first inlet valve and the second inlet valve, and configured to combine the received air and oxygen, based on a based on a proportion set by an user to deliver the required flow. The PID controller can be configured to operate on an expiratory Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) based on one or more setpoints for achieving an equilibrium of the system. Further, the PID controller can provide spontaneous breathing to a patient, wherein the one or more set points pertains to maintaining a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in a first phase of breathing cycle and maintaining a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in a second phase of breathing cycle, simultaneously.
[0019] In an aspect, the system can be configured to retain higher levels of oxygenation and mean pressure in the patient’s lungs by maintaining the PIP for time of Thigh and maintaining the PEEP for time of TLow.
[0020] In an aspect, the equilibrium of the system can be based on a state of a constant variable, and a gain value for at least one of an inspiratory actuator and an expiratory actuator, wherein the state of the constant variable pertains to an activation state, and a deactivation state.
[0021] In an aspect, the equilibrium can be achieved in the inspiration cycle based on a predefined range, wherein the predefined range pertains to the gain value of the expiratory actuator higher than the gain value of the inspiratory actuator.
[0022] In an aspect, the system can be configured to rectify a pressure error generated during the breathing cycle of the patient by the PID controller of an expiration valve and an inspiration valve.
[0023] In an aspect, the activation state of the constant variable can be enabled based on a predefined pressure and a predefined inspiration flow. The predefined pressure comprises at least one of a decreasing value below 1cm of a required pressure and an increasing value above 1cm of the required pressure. The predefined inspiration flow pertains to a decreased value of inspiration flow by 30percentage when compared to a peak inspiration flow.
[0024] In an aspect, the deactivation state of the constant variable can be enabled based on a predefined pressure. The predefined pressure can comprise at least one of a decreasing value below 1cm of a set Pressure and an increasing value above 1cm of the set pressureg expiration the air from the lungs to expire through an expiratory control valve.
[0025] In an aspect, the system can be configured to compute VCA error based on one or more parameters to achieve PID control on Expiratory VCA. The one or more parameters comprises at least one of a required pressure, a current pressure, the constant variable, a current flow.
[0026] In an aspect, the user is a doctor, an intern, a professional, and others.
[0027] In an aspect, a method for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation. The method may include delivering, by a first inlet valve, air from an external source. The method may include receiving, by a second inlet valve, oxygen from an external source. The method may include combining, by a mixing chamber, the received oxygen and air, proportion set by an user to deliver the required flow. The method may include operating, by a PID controller, an expiratory Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) based on one or more setpoints for achieving an equilibrium of the system, and provide spontaneous breathing to a patient. The one or more set points can pertain to maintaining a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in a first phase of breathing cycle and maintaining a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in a second phase of breathing cycle, simultaneously.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0028] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that invention of such drawings includes the invention of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0029] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed logic system for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIGs. 3A-3C illustrates an exemplary graph showing desired during the airway pressure release control mode of ventilation, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0033] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0034] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0035] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth.
[0036] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0037] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0038] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0039] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0040] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0041] The following terms/acronyms have been used in the disclosure:
[0042] Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)- may refer to a value that can be set up in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. PEEP also refers to the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. There are two types of PEEPs -extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
[0043] Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)- may refer to the highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation. In mechanical ventilation, it may refer to positive pressure in centimetres of water pressure (cmH2O).
[0044] Proportional Integral derivative (PID) controller – may refer to a control loop mechanism employing feedback that is used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control. A PID controller may continuously calculate an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.
[0045] Non-invasive ventilation (NIV)- may refer to use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.
[0046] Invasive ventilation (IV) – or mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), may refer to use of a machine (e.g., a ventilator) to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
[0047] Embodiments of systems and methods disclose achieving achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation under changing circumstances of leakage and patient breathing in CPAP mode of operation. In an embodiment, the disclosed system and method allows pressure release ventilation mode (also known as Biphasic positive airway pressure mode) which can be used for treating different lung conditions where oxygenation and the mean pressures required to be maintained in the lungs are higher than as compared to normal modes of operation. The Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode can be achieved by maintaining higher levels of mean pressure in the breathing cycle, and a provision can be provided to enable spontaneous breathing to the patient throughout the breathing cycle of ventilation. In an embodiment, a PID controller can be designed to provide a method with the control logic to maintain proper PIP and Peep pressure and at the same time provide spontaneous breathing.
[0048] Embodiments of systems and methods disclose achieving achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation by eliminating CO2 retention. Further, the proposed system and method disclose achieving achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation by providing spontaneous breathing during the inspiration phase without significant rise or fall in the user set Phigh or Plow Pressure. The systems and methods disclose achieving achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, provide a constant bias during inspiration as well as expiration cycle of the breathing cycle, and achieve the user set pressure at the same time achieving the user set Fio2.
[0049] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed logic system for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] In an embodiment, the system 100 can be configured to deliver a constant user set pressure throughout its operation and allow the patient to breath spontaneously at a time instant. The system 100 can be configured to maintain a constant Bias Flow at the Expiration Limb when the patient is neither inhaling nor exhaling. Further, the system 100 can be configured to mix air and oxygen during the spontaneous breathing of the patient according to Fio2 set by the user. Further, the system 100 can be configured to maintain the set pressure irrespective of any other condition, and achieve equilibrium of ventilator.
[0051] In an embodiment, the system 100 for achieving Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in a dual limb circuit in a ventilator device comprises a first inlet valve 102, a second inlet valve 104, a mixing chamber 126, and a control system 116 (also known as Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller integrated with voice actuator). The ventilator device operates in a non-invasive mode of ventilation wherein a mask is used for the delivery of ventilator gas into the lungs of a patient by positive pressure and enables flow based pressure control mode. The system 100 comprises the first inlet valve 102 (also known as air source), the second inlet valve 104 (also as known as oxygen source) coupled to a plurality of pressure regulators 106-1, 106-2 respectively. The plurality of pressure regulators 106-1, 106-2 can be configured to control the pressure of a fluid or gas to a desired value, using negative feedback from the controlled pressure. Further, the pressure regulator 106-2 can be coupled to an ON/OFF valve 110, to control the flow of the oxygen. The ON/OFF valve 110 can be further coupled to a differential pressure sensor 112 configured to measure the difference in pressure at one or more ports.
[0052] Further, the PID controller 116 is coupled with a voice coil actuator, where the PID controller 116 can be configured to receive the flow of oxygen and air with positive pressure, and transmitted to the patient through an expiratory limb 122 of an expiration port via a Y-piece 124.
[0053] Further, the pressure regulator 106-1 receives the air from the first inlet valve 102, and the pressure regulator 106-2 receives the oxygen from the oxygen source 104. The contribution of each gas is determined by a user set parameter of set FiO2. One or more proportional valves 108-1, 108-2 can provide the received air and oxygen to a mixing chamber 126 which is associated with a pressure sensor 126. The ventilator gas corresponds to a mixture of air and oxygen that is delivered to a humidifier 130 by taking into consideration a pre-set Fio2 by a user. The combined air and oxygen is provided to the humidifier 126, which adds moisture to the received air to prevent dryness that can cause irritation in many parts of the body of a patient 134. Finally, the flow of oxygen and air is transmitted to the patient 134 through an inspiration limb 132 of an inspiration port via a Y-piece 124.
[0054] In an embodiment, the system 100 includes the PID controller 116 communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors 112, 114, in the ventilator device and the PID controller 116 on the voice coil actuator can be configured to receive one or more sensor signals from the plurality of sensors 104, 106. The PID controller 116 can be configured to maintain proper PIP and Peep pressure and at the same time provide spontaneous breathing. The Breathing Cycle is divided into a first phase and a second phase. In the first phase a user set PIP is maintained, and in the second phase a user set PEEP is maintained. The PID controller 116 can be configured to provide the spontaneous breathing and maintaining Fio2 set by the user.
[0055] In an embodiment, during the inspiration cycle the PID controller 116 runs on the first inlet valve 102 and the second inlet valve 104. The set point for first inlet valve 102 and the second inlet valve 104 is PIP pressure throughout the inspiration which can be obtained according to the Fio2 set by the user. Further, in order to provide the spontaneous breathing during the inspiration cycle, the PID controller 116 runs on the expiratory valve 112 for which the set point is the pressure, and the expiratory valve 112 also maintains a constant bias flow of 3LPM. Whenever the patient inhales air during the inspiration cycle the pressure decreases and the expiratory bias flow also decreases, the decrease is corrected by the PID controller 116 and valves according to the error, which allows the patient to breathe more air in lung. Further, when the patient tries to exhale air the expiratory flow increases and there is a need to maintain the bias flow and pressure by the PID controller 116 and the valves which act according to the error. Since the expiratory and inspiratory VCA and Valves have the set point of pressure during the inspiration the PID controller 116 maintains the system in equilibrium when the set point for the actuator is same and the patient can comfortably breathe spontaneously.
[0056] In another embodiment, the dual limb circuit can comprise an inhalation tube, and an expiration tube. The inhalation tube is configured to provide inhalation air to the patient. The expiration tube is configured to facilitate during expiration the air from the lungs to expire through an expiratory control valve.
[0057] In an embodiment, a non-invasive Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode, during the inspiration cycle, the PID controller 106 can be configured to achieve the first stage PID control is coupled to at least one of an inspiratory port, and a expiratory port of the system, and operated based on the feedback of a pressure sensor. The second stage PID control is operated based on the feedback of a flow sensor of the first inlet valve and the second inlet valve. The output of the first stage PID control is provided as an input to the second stage PID control.
[0058] In another embodiment, the system is configured to tune the gain value of at least one of an expiratory actuator and an inspiratory actuator based on predefined range to control the set pressure and a bias flow, wherein the predefined range pertains to tuning the gain value of the expiratory actuator higher than the value of the inspiratory actuator. A constant bias flow is maintained in the expiratory actuator based on a fixed value of bias flow set point. The system can be configured to compute VCA error based on one or more parameters to achieve PID control on expiratory VCA, where the one or more parameters comprises at least one of a current pressure, the constant variable, and a current flow.
[0059] In another embodiment, the system 100 can provide real-time leakage compensation in non-invasive modes of ventilation, where the mask is used for delivery of oxygen rich air into the lungs via positive pressure. The system 100 can determine and compensate for the leakage at different points in the patient circuit. For the logic to properly determine and compensate for any leakage in the patient circuit, the inspiration and expiration limb of the patient circuit shall be connected to the inspiration and expiration port of the ventilator. The system 100 can ensures appropriate behaviour and determination of leakage at all other possible points of connection in the patient circuit. For example, connection of humidifier/filters/water traps/connecting tubing.
[0060] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary method for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0061] In an embodiment, the method 200 for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation. The general waveform which is desired during the airway pressure release control mode of ventilation is depicted in FIG. 3A. In order to maintain higher levels of mean pressure in the patient lung the PIP pressure is maintained for time of Thigh and the Peep Pressure is maintained for time of TLow. As compared to normal pressure control mode of operation, during the time interval of Time Thigh where the pressure PIP is maintained. If the patient tries to breathe, then the pressure is maintained because the air and oxygen gas proportional valves have the set point of pressure and an error is generated. Further, when the patient tries to breathe in air hence the valve output increases in order to compensate for the pressure drop, but when the patient tries to exhale the inspired air the pressure in the system rises because the Expiratory VCA actuator is completely closed and opens only when the over pressure condition set by the user is reached, hence the normal pressure control mode of operation does not allow the patient to breathe in and exhale during the inhalation cycle. FIG. 2 discloses a method for achieving Bi-level CPAP mode of ventilation through the Inspiration cycle of the breath cycle which runs until the time specified by the user and does not terminate based on any sensor data of data of parameter which are derived from sensor located at different points of the ventilator system.
[0062] In an embodiment, throughout the breathing cycle i.e., during the inhalation and exhalation cycle the PID contrloller 116 is not fully closed or fully open. The PID contrloller 116 operates on the expiratory valve 122 with the set point as PIP pressure during the inspiration cycle along with the error of expiration flow and PEEP pressure during the expiration cycle along with the error of expiration flow. The PID controller 116 can be operated on the air valve 102 (FLOW_SET POINT_AIR = FLOW_SET_POINT"SET_FIO2) and oxygen valve 104 (FLOW_SET_POINT_OXYGEN =FLOW_SETPOINT'(1-FIO2_SET)) with the set point of flow and error of pressure to achieve the PIP pressure during the inspiration cycle and set point of flow (constant) without the error of pressure in the expiration cycle. Hence during the inspiration cycle the air and oxygen gas has set point of flow with the error of pressure and expiratory VCA has set point of PIP pressure with error of expiratory. The error values for the expiratory flow are activated only when the PIP pressure is reached, and the inspiratory flow decreases below a certain value. The waveform of spontaneous breathing of patient is depicted in FIG. 3B.
[0063] Further, the PID contrloller 116 allows spontaneous breathing the minimum set point for flow is constant value of 3LPM this is same as the constant bias flow which is present during the expiration phase. The flow set point (FLOW_SET POINT = K1) can be converted into air and oxygen gas flowrate according to the Fio2 set by the user. When the patient tries to breathe air the inspiration flow increase above the minimum flow value until the required pressure is reached and during the exhalation of inspired air the expiratory VCA actuator releases the pressure until the required pressure is reached and maintains the minimum required flow. The waveform of maintaining the minimum required flow is depicted in FIG. 3C.
[0064] In another embodiment, since during the inspiration cycle the set point for the gas valves and expiratory actuator valves are both pressure the system can become unstable, but this is not the case because the equilibrium is achieved in this system with the proper activation and deactivation of the constant K3 and gain tuning for the inspiratory and expiratory actuators. The equilibrium of the system can be achieved in the inspiration cycle when the gain values of inspiratory actuators are less than the gain values of expiratory actuator i.e. the rate of correction of expiratory actuator to maintain the pressure is more than the inspiratory actuator which ensures that the system does not become unstable.
[0065] Further, the constant bias flow can be achieved in the inspiration cycle when then pressure is reached, and the nature of flow is decreasing since the pressure is reached and the error of expiratory flow is activated along with the error of pressure with the gain value of K3. Due to this constant Bias flow during the inspiration cycle the possibility of CO2 retention is minimized and provides better oxygenation to the patient which improves the patient saturation level. When the patient inhales or exhales the pressure decreases or increases subject to which the pressure error becomes more dominant, and it is primarily corrected by the expiration valve by the PID contrloller 116 and secondarily corrected by the inspiration valve by PID control (VCA_ERROR REQUIRED_PRESSURE-CURRENT_PRESSURE- K3'"(SET_FLOW-CURRENT_FLOW)). When the pressure decreases below 1cm of set Pressure or increases 1cm above the set pressure Constant K3 is deactivated. During the inspiration phase the constant K3 is activated when the required pressure is within ±1cm of the required pressure and inspiration flow is decreased by 30% of its peak inspiration flow. Hence if any ventilator patient asynchrony occurs due to the effort of the patient it is accordingly corrected such that there is not increase or decrease in pressure which may cause discomfort to the patient.
[0066] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0067] As shown in FIG. 4, computer system 400 can include an external storage device 410, a bus 420, a main memory 430, a read only memory 440, a mass storage device 450, communication port 460, and a processor 470. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system may include more than one processor and communication ports. Examples of processor 470 include, but are not limited to, an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium 2 processor(s), or AMD® Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), Motorola® lines of processors, FortiSOC™ system on chip processors or other future processors. Processor 870 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present invention. Communication port 460 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fibre, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. Communication port 460 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which computer system connects. Memory 430 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. Read-only memory 440 can be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or BIOS instructions for processor 470. Mass storage 450 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays),
[0068] Bus 420 communicatively couples processor(s) 870 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. Bus 420 can be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects processor 470 to software system.
[0069] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to bus 420 to support direct operator interaction with a computer system. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through communication port 460. The external storage device 410 can be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc – Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc-Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0070] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented merely as illustrative of the invention and not as limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0071] The present disclosure provides a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation.
[0072] The present disclosure provides a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0073] The present disclosure provides a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which enables the termination of the expiration cycle based on user set expiration time or the patient triggers breathing effort.
[0074] The present disclosure provides a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which initiates the inspiration cycle on the basis of the patient effort which can be the pressure or flow trigger effort.
[0075] The present disclosure provides a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which eliminates the Co2 retention.
[0076] The present disclosure provides disclosure of a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, which are compact, easy to use ventilator systems to support patients.
[0077] The present disclosure provides disclosure of a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, to employ non-invasive mechanisms to interface with the patient.
[0078] The present disclosure provides disclosure of a system and method for achieving bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, eliminating usage of complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms which burden the system with the processing of large information.
, Claims:1. A system (100) for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, the system (100) comprises:
a first inlet valve (102) configured to receive air from an external source;
a second inlet valve (104) configured to receive oxygen from the external source;
a mixing chamber (126) coupled to the first inlet valve (102) and the second inlet valve (104), and configured to combine the received air and oxygen, based on a proportion set by an user to deliver the required flow; and
a dynamic Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller (116) comprises one or more processors (470) coupled with a memory (430), wherein said memory (430) stores instructions which when executed by the one or more processors (470) causes the PID controller (116) to:
operate on an expiratory Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) (116) based on one or more setpoints for achieving an equilibrium of the system (100), and provide spontaneous breathing to a patient, wherein the one or more set points pertains to maintaining a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in a first phase of breathing cycle and maintaining a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in a second phase of breathing cycle, simultaneously.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
retain higher levels of oxygenation and mean pressure in the patient’s lungs by maintaining the PIP for time of Thigh and maintaining the PEEP for time of TLow.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equilibrium of the system (100) is based on a state of a constant variable, and a gain value for at least one of an inspiratory actuator and an expiratory actuator, wherein the state of the constant variable pertains to an activation state, and a deactivation state.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the equilibrium achieved in the inspiration cycle based on a predefined range, wherein the predefined range pertains to the gain value of the expiratory actuator higher than the gain value of the inspiratory actuator.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
rectify a pressure error generated during the breathing cycle of the patient by the PID controller of an expiration valve and an inspiration valve.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the activation state of the constant variable is enabled based on a predefined pressure and a predefined inspiration flow,
wherein the predefined pressure comprises at least one of a decreasing value below 1cm of a required pressure and an increasing value above 1cm of the required pressure,
wherein the predefined inspiration flow pertains to a decreased value of inspiration flow by 30percentage when compared to a peak inspiration flow.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deactivation state of the constant variable is enabled based on a predefined pressure, wherein predefined pressure comprises at least one of a decreasing value below 1cm of a set Pressure and an increasing value above 1cm of the set pressure.
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
compute VCA error based on one or more parameters to achieve PID control on Expiratory VCA (116), wherein the one or more parameters comprises at least one of a required pressure, a current pressure, the constant variable, a current flow.
9. A method for achieving Bi-level Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) mode of ventilation, the method comprises:
delivering, by a first inlet valve (102) and a second inlet valve (104), air and oxygen from an external source;
combining, by a mixing chamber (126), the received oxygen and air, based on a proportion set by an user to deliver the required flow;
operating, by a PID controller (116), on an expiratory Voice Coil Actuator (VCA) (116) based on one or more setpoints for achieving an equilibrium of the system (100), and provide spontaneous breathing to a patient, wherein the one or more set points pertains to maintaining a Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP) in a first phase of breathing cycle and maintaining a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) in a second phase of breathing cycle, simultaneously.