Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to automation in solar drive/photovoltaic technology. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] In modern development, problems such as ecological environment and climate change are frequently caused by a great amount of traditional fossil energy used by human beings, and solar energy can be used as an ideal new energy, so that the photovoltaic power generation technology becomes an important research field.
[0004] The traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) mechanism tracks PV voltage according to the change in PV power and change in PV voltage only. The conventional Perturb and Observe (P&O) mechanism works well in constant irradiance conditions. However, when there is sudden change in irradiance, the traditional MPPT mechanism exhibits drift in the operating voltage point and hence maximum power cannot be achieved. Also it has been observed that this drift in voltage continues unless system is started again i.e. self recovery is not evident in conventional P&O.
[0005] Further, in order to mitigate the drift issue, some existing methods performs division of an entire MPPT voltage band into smaller voltage ranges. These voltage ranges have different change in PV power (?P) and change in voltage (?V) thresholds. These thresholds are defined in such a way so that operating voltage remains close to the actual maximum power point voltage (Vmp) even if the irradiance changes. Vmp point also keeps changing as per change in ambient temperature, so it is very difficult to track actual MPPT point with voltage band based algorithm. The existing method of MPPT requires actual value of Vmp and open circuit voltage (Voc) of PV panel. After entering the values of the panel data ,algorithm may not work properly because of the following reasons (a) Series / parallel combination of two different panel (Having different Vmp and Voc), and (b) Failure of any one panel or multiple panel out of array results in different Vmp and Voc.
[0006] There is, therefore, a requirement in the art for a means to propose a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, which resolves voltage drift issue and mere dependency on the solar panel data.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive which utilizes change in current, voltage and power simultaneously to facilitate efficient MPPT tracking
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive which seamlessly operates irrespective of cloudy condition, irradiance and temperature changes.
[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provides a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive which has the ability to adapt to power change in case of partial failure of panel array.
[0012] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive which utilizes minimal resources and provide high-quality output.
[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to assist the users by providing them efficient MPPT tracking using wide MPPT range.
[0014] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a secure, reliable, and efficient MPPT mechanism for water pump applications.

SUMMARY
[0015] The present disclosure relates generally to automation in solar drive/photovoltaic technology. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive.
[0016] An aspect of a system for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive. The system comprises one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays, an inverter, a controller block, and an induction motor. The inverter can be coupled to the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays, and configured to convert a DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage. The controller block can be coupled to the one or more PV panel arrays and the inverter. The controller block comprises a MPPT unit, and a PI unit. The MPPT unit can be configured to track maximum power of the one or more PV panel arrays by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref). The PI unit is configured to compare the actual Vpv and Vref and generate the change in operating frequency (?F) of the three phase inverter to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero. Finally, generate a three phase output, by the inverter and fed to an induction motor for enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.
[0017] In an aspect, the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays is a DC input source comprising at least one of PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power.
[0018] In an aspect, the PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power are based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprises at least one of an irradiance and a temperature.
[0019] In an aspect, the system can be configured for sensing of Vpv and Ipv by the PI unit at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, where the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency. Further, the system computes PV power (Ppv) by the MPPT unit based on the sensed Vpv and Ipv.
[0020] In an aspect, the three phase inverter obtains gate pulses from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) unit to convert DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage, wherein modulating signal for PWM is based on frequency decided by the PI unit.
[0021] In an aspect, the system can be configured to calculate a modulation index using operating frequency and DC link voltage. Further, provide output of three phase inverter to the three phase induction motor.
[0022] Another aspect of the present disclosure pertains to a method A method for auto-adaptable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, the system comprises: sensing, by a system, a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and a PV panel input current (Ipv) at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, where the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency. Further, tracking, maximum power of the PV panel array by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref). Furthermore, the method comprises comparing, by a PI unit, the actual Vpv and Vref and generating the change in operating frequency (?F) of the three phase inverter to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero. Finally, the method can generate, a three phase output by the inverter and fed to an induction motor enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.
[0023] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like features.
[0024] Within the scope of this application it is expressly envisaged that the various aspects, embodiments, examples and alternatives set out in the preceding paragraphs, in the claims and/or in the following description and drawings, and in particular the individual features thereof, may be taken independently or in any combination. Features described in connection with one embodiment are applicable to all embodiments, unless such features are incompatible

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0025] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present invention.
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates block diagram of a proposed system for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 2 illustrates system architecture for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates the proposed method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0030] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0031] Embodiments of the present invention include various steps, which will be described below. The steps may be performed by hardware components or may be embodied in machine-executable instructions, which may be used to cause a general-purpose or special-purpose processor programmed with the instructions to perform the steps. Alternatively, steps may be performed by a combination of hardware, software, and firmware and/or by human operators.
[0032] The present disclosure relates generally to automation in solar drive/photovoltaic technology. In particular, the present disclosure relates to a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive.
[0033] An aspect of a system for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive. The system comprises one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays, an inverter, a controller block, and an induction motor. The inverter can be coupled to the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays, and configured to convert a DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage. The controller block can be coupled to the one or more PV panel arrays and the inverter. The controller block comprises a MPPT unit, and a PI unit. The MPPT unit can be configured to track maximum power of the one or more PV panel arrays by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref). The PI unit is configured to compare the actual Vpv and Vref and generate the change in operating frequency (?F) of the three phase inverter to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero. Finally, generate a three phase output, by the inverter and fed to an induction motor for enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.
[0034] In an aspect, the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays is a DC input source comprising at least one of PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power.
[0035] In an aspect, the PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power are based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprises at least one of an irradiance and a temperature.
[0036] In an aspect, the system can be configured for sensing of Vpv and Ipv by the PI unit at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, where the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency. Further, the system computes PV power (Ppv) by the MPPT unit based on the sensed Vpv and Ipv.
[0037] In an aspect, the three phase inverter obtains gate pulses from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) unit to convert DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage, wherein modulating signal for PWM is based on frequency decided by the PI unit.
[0038] In an aspect, the system can be configured to calculate a modulation index using operating frequency and DC link voltage. Further, provide output of three phase inverter to the three phase induction motor.
[0039] Another aspect of the present disclosure pertains to a method A method for auto-adaptable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, the system comprises: sensing, by a system, a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and a PV panel input current (Ipv) at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, where the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency. Further, tracking, maximum power of the PV panel array by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref). Furthermore, the method comprises comparing, by a PI unit, the actual Vpv and Vref and generating the change in operating frequency (?F) of the three phase inverter to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero. Finally, the method can generate, a three phase output by the inverter and fed to an induction motor enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.
[0040] FIG. 1 illustrates block diagram of a proposed system for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] Referring to FIG. 1, the proposed system 100 can include one or more Photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays 102, an inverter 104, a controller block 106 and an induction motor 108. The one or more PV panel arrays 102 can be coupled to the inverter 104, and the controller block 106. The one or more PV panel arrays 102 can be a Direct Current (DC) input source to the inverter 104, and the controller block 106. The one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays is a DC input source comprising at least one of PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power. The generated operating voltage and operating power from the one or more PV panel arrays 102 varies according to the irradiance and temperature throughout the day. The controller block 106 can be configured to regulate operational parameters which include, but not limited to temperature, current flow, pressure, and other process variables. The controller block 106 can include a MPPT unit (shown in FIG. 2) and a PI unit (also interchangeably known as PI loop). The Alternating Current (AC) output from the inverter 104 is provided to the induction motor 108. The induction motor 108 can include a type of AC motor configured to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.
[0042] FIG. 2 illustrates system architecture for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] In an embodiment, the one or more PV panel arrays 102 can be a Direct Current (DC) input source to the inverter 104 and the controller block 106. The controller block 106 can include the MPPT unit 202 and the PID unit 204. The
[0044] In an embodiment, the MPPT unit 202 can be configured to track the operating point on the power versus voltage curve of the one or more PV panel arrays 102 using PV panel voltage (Vpv) and current (Ipv) input. The PV panel voltage (Vpv), and the PV panel power are based on one or more factors, where the one or more factors comprises at least one of an irradiance and a temperature. Further, the MPPT unit 202 generates the desired reference voltage (Vref). The Vpv and Ipv are sensed by the PI unit 204 at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, where the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency. Further, the system computes PV power (Ppv) by the MPPT unit based on the sensed Vpv and Ipv. The PI unit 204 can be configured to compare the actual Vpv and Vref and generate the change in operating frequency (?F) of inverter so as to achieve accurate tracking of Vref till error becomes zero. The inverter 104 can be configured to convert input DC panel voltage into the three phase AC voltage, along with gate pulses which are obtained from Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator 206. Thus, the modulating signal for PWM generator 206 can include frequency decided by the PI unit 204. A modulation index can be calculated using operating frequency and DC link voltage. Output of three phase inverter 104 can be fed to the induction motor 108.
[0045] In an embodiment, a PID unit 206 can be configured to continuously calculate an error value as the desired set-point and a measured process variable and applies corrective action based on Proportional, Integral and Derivative terms.
[0046] In an embodiment, the three phase inverter obtains gate pulses from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) generator 208 to convert DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage, wherein modulating signal for PWM is based on frequency decided by the PI unit 204.
[0047] In an aspect, the system can be configured to calculate a modulation index using operating frequency and DC link voltage. Further, provide output of three phase inverter to the three phase induction motor.
[0048] FIG. 3 illustrates the proposed method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] In an embodiment, at step 302 beings the proposed method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive. At step 304, the Vpv and Ipv values are sensed by the PI unit 204 at a periodic interval based on predetermined factors, where the predetermined factors can include a PI loop sampling time, the inverter switching frequency, and the like. These sensed inputs Vpv and Ipv are provided to MPPT unit 202.
[0050] In an embodiment, at step 306, the MPPT unit 202 computes the PV power (Ppv) from Vpv and Ipv. At step 308, the change in power, voltage and current (?P, ?V and ?I) is then calculated using the previous and present inputs. At step, 310, the Voltage is calculated according to the following formula mentioned below in equation (1):

where, K is multiplying constant which can be decided by trial and error to keep voltage oscillation around Vmp minimum but still provide large voltage steps when operating point is away from Vmp. Further, Vref is generated based on the step 320-step 328.
[0051] In an embodiment, at step 312, Ppv reduces giving ?P < ?P and Vpv shifts to right (i.e. ?V > ?V). In this case, step 320 can be executed where, Vstep needs to be subtracted from Vpv to bring back operating point towards Vmp.
[0052] In an embodiment, at step 312, Ppv reduces giving ?P < ?P and Vpv shifts to left (i.e. ?V < ?V ). In this case, step 322 can be executed where, Vstep needs to be added to the Vpv to bring back operating point towards Vmp.
[0053] In an embodiment, at step 316, Ppv increases (i.e. ?P > ?P) and Vpv shifts to left (i.e. ?V < ?V). In this case, step 324 can be executed where, Vstep needs to be subtracted from Vpv to track voltage till Vmp is achieved.
[0054] In an embodiment, at step 318, Ppv increases (?P > ?P ) and Vpv shifts to right (i.e. ?V > ?V). But change in current is less than ?I. This indicates increase in power is not due to increase in irradiance and hence step 326 can be executed where, Vstep needs to be added to the Vpv to keep perturbation in direction of power increase.
[0055] In an embodiment, at step 328, when irradiance increases, PV power also increases (i.e. ?P > ?P), voltage deviates slightly to the right which gives ?V > ?V and panel current increases proportional to change in irradiance (i.e. ?I > ?I). In this case, Vstep needs to be subtracted from Vpv to maintain operating at Vmp. Traditional P&O adds the Vstep to Vpv (follows step 326) which further shifts operating point to right causing voltage drift.
[0056] In an embodiment, at 330, the PID unit 206 can be configured to continuously calculate an error value as the desired set-point and a measured process variable and applies corrective action based on Proportional, Integral and Derivative terms.
[0057] In an embodiment, the values of ?P, ?V and ?I are decided depending on ADC sensing resolution, sampling time of PI loop and hardware gain.
[0058] In an embodiment, the frequency of generation of Vref is determined in such a way that the MPPT unit 202 can be configured to track maximum point voltage in case of sudden irradiance changes and takes into consideration settling time of PI loop.
[0059] At step 332, Vref is obtained by identifying the valid case, it is compared with actual Vpv to generate error voltage. PI loop then tries to make this error voltage zero and gives ?F as output. ?F is added to the previous operating frequency to obtain frequency of modulating signal for PWM generation. the frequency can be calculated as mentioned in equation (2):

[0060] In an embodiment, the modulation index can be calculated as mentioned in equation (3):

[0061] In an embodiment, at step 334, the PWM generation block generates the gating pulses using one of the modulation scheme from sine triangle PWM or space vector PWM. At step 336, Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) driving can be enabled for switching devices in the inverter circuit (for DC-to-AC conversion) for driving small to large motors. Finally, at step 338, the pulses generated at step 334 are provided as gating pulses to the switching devices of the inverter 104. The inverter 104 thus generates the three phase output which is fed to the induction motor 108 which can be used to pump the water.
[0062] If the specification states a component or feature “may”, “can”, “could”, or “might” be included or have a characteristic, that particular component or feature is not required to be included or have the characteristic.
[0063] As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of “in” includes “in” and “on” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0064] It is to be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that while various embodiments of the present disclosure have been elaborated system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive. However, the teachings of the present disclosure are also applicable for other types of applications as well, and all such embodiments are well within the scope of the present disclosure. However, the device and method for testing port vulnerability is also equally implementable in other industries as well, and all such embodiments are well within the scope of the present disclosure without any limitation.
[0065] Moreover, in interpreting the specification, all terms should be interpreted in the broadest possible manner consistent with the context. In particular, the terms “comprises” and “comprising” should be interpreted as referring to elements, components, or steps in a non-exclusive manner, indicating that the referenced elements, components, or steps may be present, or utilized, or combined with other elements, components, or steps that are not expressly referenced. Where the specification claims refer to at least one of something selected from the group consisting of A, B, C….and N, the text should be interpreted as requiring only one element from the group, not A plus N, or B plus N, etc.
[0066] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the disclosure is determined by the claims that follow. The disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the disclosure when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE INVENTION
[0067] The proposed invention provides provide a system and method for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive.
[0068] The proposed invention provides a robotic device and method for cleaning one or more structural blocks of an application.
[0069] The proposed invention enables seamlessly operates irrespective of cloudy condition, irradiance and temperature changes.
[0070] The proposed invention provides the ability to adapt to power change in case of partial failure of panel array.
[0071] The proposed invention utilizes minimal resources and provides high-quality output.
[0072] The proposed invention assists the users by providing them efficient MPPT tracking using wide MPPT range.
[0073] The proposed invention assists the users by providing a secure, reliable, and efficient MPPT mechanism for water pump applications.
, Claims:1. A system (100) for auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, the system (100) comprises:
one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays (102);
a inverter (104) coupled to the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays (102), configured to convert a DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage;
a controller block (106) coupled to the one or more PV panel arrays (102) and the inverter (104), wherein the controller block (106) comprises:
a MPPT unit (202) configured to track maximum power of the one or more PV panel arrays by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref); and
a PI unit (204) configured to compare the actual Vpv and Vref and generate the change in operating frequency (?F) of the inverter (104) to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero; and
generate a three phase output, by the inverter (104) and fed to an induction motor (108) enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more photovoltaic (PV) panel arrays (102) is a DC input source comprising at least one of PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power.

3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the PV panel voltage (Vpv) the PV panel power are based on one or more factors, wherein the one or more factors comprises at least one of an irradiance and a temperature.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
sense Vpv and Ipv, by the PI unit (204) at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, wherein the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency; and
compute PV power (Ppv) by the MPPT unit (202) based on the sensed Vpv and Ipv.

5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverter (104) obtains gate pulses from a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) unit to convert DC panel voltage into a three phase AC voltage, wherein modulating signal for PWM is based on frequency decided by the PI unit (204).

6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
calculate a modulation index using operating frequency and DC link voltage; and
provide output of the inverter (104) to the induction motor (108).

7. A method for auto-adaptable maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of solar drive, the system (100) comprises:
sensing, by a system (100) (100), a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and a PV panel input current (Ipv) at a periodic intervals based on one or more predetermined parameters, wherein the one or more predetermined parameters comprises at least one of a PI loop sampling time, and a inverter switching frequency;
tracking, by a MPPT unit, maximum power of the PV panel array by using a PV panel voltage (Vpv) and PV input current (Ipv) to generate the desired reference voltage (Vref);
comparing, by a PI unit, the actual Vpv and Vref and generating the change in operating frequency (?F) of the inverter (104) to obtain accurate tracking of Vref until error becomes zero; and
generating, a three phase output by the inverter (104) and fed to an induction motor (108) enabling auto-adaptable Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for water pump application.