FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present subject matter relates generally to wind turbines, and more
particularly to a system and method for varying the speed and torque of a wind
turbine during post-rated wind speed conditions for reducing extreme and fatigue
loads on various wind turbine components.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
e A wind turbine includes a rotor having multiple blades to transform wind
energy into rotational torque that drives a generator, which is coupled to the rotor
through a drive train and gearbox. The gearbox steps up the inherently low rotational
speed of the rotor for the generator to efficiently convert the mechanical energy to
electrical energy, which is fed to a utility grid.
Referring to Fig. 3, modern utility-grade wind turbines are generally
operated in accordance with a design power curve wherein in a first region (Region I),
the wind speed is too low to warrant turbine operation and the turbine blades are
pitched to a full feather position corresponding to the pitch angle that produces
minimum aerodynamic torque. At a wind speed suficient for start-up (Vcut-int)h, e
blades are pitched to a Region I1 nominal pitch angle wherein a maximum
e aerodynamic lift is generated to produce torque and turn the rotor. In Region 11, the
wind speed and generator torque are below "rated", and blade pitch is generally held
constant at an optimal angle to produce maximum aerodynamic torque. With an
increase in wind speed in Region 11, power captured by the wind turbine increases
along with mechanical loads on the turbine structure and components.
At "rated" wind speed (Vrated)t,h e wind turbine reaches its rated power in
Region I11 of the design power curve. In this region, the wind turbine power is
limited to rated power to maintain the machine loads within design limits. Generator
torque is held constant and blade pitch is controlled to regulate turbine speed at rated
speed. For safety and machine load considerations, the wind turbine is shut down for
wind speeds in excess of a defined cut-out wind speed (Vc,t-out).
The fatigue and extreme load limits over the design life of the wind turbine
are, as expected, generated primarily at wind speeds in excess of Vratedp, articularly at
wind speed approaching V,,t,ut. This wind speed is generally known for various
wind turbine designs.
Prior attempts to reduce extreme and fatigue loads in Region I11 of the
power curve included control profiles that reduced the turbine rated speed and
generator torque. However, this resulted in a corresponding decrease in power,
thereby adversely affecting the wind turbine's annual energy production (AEP). For
example, the PCT publication WO 9710953 1 describes a control methodology for
reducing loads on a wind turbine wherein, at a defined wind speed, power is reduced
as a function of wind speed by reducing the rotational speed of the turbine rotor.
Accordingly, an improved system and method are desired for reducing
loads on a wind turbine at high wind speeds without sacrificing power and turbine
AEP.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the
following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned
through practice of the invention.
In one aspect of the invention, a method for controlling a wind turbine
generator at wind speeds in excess of rated wind speed includes detecting wind speeds
and, at rated wind speed for the wind turbine, controlling generator torque and
generator rotational speed to achieve rated power for the wind turbine generator. As
wind speed increases beyond the rated wind speed, the method includes
proportionally increasing one of generator torque or generator rotational speed and
decreasing the other of generator rotational speed or generator torque to maintain
generator power substantially constant at rated power.
In a particular embodiment, the method may include controlling blade
pitch to reduce or increase generator rotational speed at the wind speeds in excess of
rated wind speed.
In certain embodiments, the generator torque and rotational speed are
controlled in accordance with a defined wind speed profile starting at a defined wind
speed at or above rated wind speed Wratedt)h at is generally known or predetermined
for the particular wind turbine design.
In an embodiment wherein generator torque is increased and generator
rotational speed is decreased proportionally, the defined wind speed profile for
generator torque may, in certain embodiments, include an initial ramp up stage
followed by a steady state torque value. The defined wind speed profile for generator
rotational speed may include an initial ramp down stage followed by a steady state
rotational speed.
In a M e r embodiment, the defined wind speed profiles for generator
torque and rotational speed may vary from Vratetdo a cut-out wind speed (Vc,t,,t). For
example, the defined wind speed profiles for generator torque and rotational speed
may vary substantially continuously from Vratetdo Vcut,ut. In a particular
embodiment, the defined wind speed profile for generator torque has an initial
increasing stage followed by a decreasing stage, and the defined wind speed profile
for generator rotational speed includes an initial decreasing stage followed by an
increasing stage from Vrated to a cut-out wind speed (Vcut-out).
In certain embodiments, at Vrakda, nominal generator torque and nominal
generator rotational speed are defined for the rated power of the wind turbine
generator, wherein the generator torque or generator rotational speed is increased and
the other of generator rotational speed or generator torque is decreased proportionally
at wind speeds in excess of Vraterde lative to the respective nominal values. This
embodiment may include periodically controlling the wind turbine at the nominal
generator torque and nominal generator rotational speed for the rated power
substantially continuously between Vrateda nd a cut-out wind speed (VC,t,,t).
It should be appreciated that the present invention also encompasses any
configuration of a wind turbine operated in accordance with any of the method
embodiments described herein. For example, a wind turbine may include a torque
controller coupled to the generator to control generator torque, and a pitch controller
coupled to the turbine blades to perform pitch regulation of generator rotational speed.
The torque controller and pitch controller are operated to control generator torque and
generator rotational speed to achieve a rated power for the wind turbine generator and,
as wind speed increases beyond rated wind speed, to proportionally increase one of
generator torque or generator rotational speed and decrease the other of generator
rotational speed to maintain generator power substantially constant at rated power.
In certain embodiments, the torque controller controls generator torque and
the pitch controller controls generator rotational speed in accordance with respective
defined wind speed profiles starting at a wind speed at or above rated wind speed
(Vrated)I.n an embodiment wherein generator torque is proportionally increased and
generator rotational speed is proportionally decreased, the defined wind speed profile
for generator torque may include an initial ramp up stage followed by a steady state
torque value, and the defined wind speed profile for generator rotational speed may
include an initial ramp down stage followed by a steady state rotational speed. In an
6 alternate embodiment, the defined wind speed profiles for generator torque and
rotational speed vary from Vratetdo a cut-out wind speed (Vcut,,t). For example, the
defined wind speed profiles for generator torque and rotational speed may vary
substantially continuously from Vrad to Vcutsut.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present invention
will become better understood with reference to the following description and
appended claims. The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and
constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and,
together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
6 A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best
mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the
specification, which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a conventional
wind turbine;
Fig. 2 illustrates a simplified, internal view of one embodiment of a
nacelle of a wind turbine;
Fig. 3 is a diagram of a conventional power curve for a wind turbine
generator;
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of a wind turbine control components in
accordance with an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is a diagram of generator power relative to wind speed in
accordance with embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 6 is a diagram of generator speed and generator torque relative to
wind speed in accordance with embodiments of the invention; and
Fig. 7 is a diagram of generator speed and generator torque relative to
wind speed in accordance with other embodiments of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the invention,
one or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is * provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In
fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and
variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or
spirit of the invention. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one
embodiment can be used with another embodiment to yield a still further
embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications
and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
In general, the present subject matter is directed to a system and method
for controlling a wind turbine generator at wind speeds in excess of rated wind speed
wherein wind speed is detected and, at rated wind speed, controlling generator torque
and generator rotational speed in accordance with a pre-defined profile to achieve a
e rated power for the wind turbine generator. According to the profile, as wind speed
increases beyond the rated wind speed (Vrat,d), one of generator torque or generator
rotational speed is increased and the other of generator rotational speed or generator
torque is proportionally decreased to maintain the generator power substantially
constant at rated power. In a particular embodiment, blade pitch is controlled to
increase or decrease generator rotational speed at the wind speeds in excess of rated
wind speed. The generator torque and rotational speed may be controlled in
accordance with a defined wind speed profile starting at a defined wind speed at or
above rated wind speed (Vrakd).
Various aspects of the invention will be explained herein by reference to
embodiments wherein generator torque is increased and generator speed in decreased
proportionally. This is for illustrative purposes. It should be appreciated that the
inverse relationship is applicable as well for each of these embodiments wherein
generator torque is decreased and generational rotational speed is increased
proportionally.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one
embodiment of a wind turbine 10. As shown, the wind turbine 10 generally includes
a tower 12 extending from a support surface 14, a nacelle 16 mounted on the tower
12, and a rotor 18 coupled to the nacelle 16. The rotor 18 includes a rotatable hub 20
and at least one rotor blade 22 coupled to and extending outwardly fiom the hub 20.
For example, in the illustrated embodiment, the rotor 18 includes three rotor blades
22. However, in an alternative embodiment, the rotor 18 may include more or less
than three rotor blades 22. Each rotor blade 22 may be spaced about the hub 20 to
facilitate rotating the rotor 18 to enable kinetic energy to be transferred from the wind
into usable mechanical energy, and subsequently, electrical energy. For instance, the
hub 20 may be rotatably coupled to an electric generator 24 (Fig. 2) positioned within
the nacelle 16 to permit electrical energy to be produced.
The wind turbine 10 may also include a turbine control system or main
controller 26 centralized within the nacelle 16. In general, the main controller 26 may
comprise a computer or other suitable processing unit. Thus, in several embodiments,
the main controller 26 may include suitable computer-readable instructions that, when
implemented, configure the controller 26 to perform various different functions, such
as receiving, transmitting and/or executing wind turbine control signals (e.g., pitch
commands). As such, the main controller 26 may generally be configured to control
the various operating modes (e.g., start-up or shut-down sequences) andor
components of the wind turbine 10. For example, the controller 26 may be configured
to adjust the blade pitch or pitch angle of each rotor blade 22 (i.e., an angle that
determines a perspective of the blade 22 with respect to the direction of the wind)
about its pitch axis 28 in order to control the rotational speed of the rotor blade 22 as
well as the loads acting on the rotor blade 22. For example, the main controller 26
may individually control the pitch angle of each rotor blade 22 by transmitting
suitable pitch commands to a pitch system 30 (Fig. 2) of the rotor blade 22. During
operation of the wind turbine 10, the controller 26 may generally transmit pitch
commands to each pitch system 30 in order to alter the pitch angle of each rotor blade
22 between 0 degrees (i.e., a power position of the rotor blade 22) and 90 degrees
(i.e., a feathered position of the rotor blade 22).
Referring now to Fig. 2, a simplified, internal view of one embodiment of
the nacelle 16 of the wind turbine 10 shown in Fig. 1 is illustrated. As shown, a
generator 24 may be disposed within the nacelle 16. In general, the generator 24 may
be coupled to the rotor 18 for producing electrical power from the rotational energy
generated by the rotor 18. For example, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the
rotor 18 may include a rotor shaft 32 coupled to the hub 20 for rotation therewith.
The rotor shaft 32 may, in turn, be rotatably coupled to a generator shaft 34 of the
generator 24 through a gearbox 36. As is generally understood, the rotor shaft 32 may
provide a low speed, high torque input to the gearbox 36 in response to rotation of the
rotor blades 22 and the hub 20. The gearbox 36 may then be configured to convert
the low speed, high torque input to a high speed, low torque output to drive the
generator shaft 34 and, thus, the generator 24.
Additionally, the main controller 26 may also be located within the nacelle
16. As is generally understood, the main controller 26 may be communicatively
coupled to any number of the components of the wind turbine 10 in order to control
the operation of such components. For example, as indicated above, the main
controller 26 may be communicatively coupled to each pitch system 30 of the wind
turbine 10 (one of which is shown) to facilitate rotation of each rotor blade 22 about
its pitch axis 28.
As shown in Fig. 2, each pitch system 30 may include a pitch adjustment
mechanism 36 and a pitch controller 38 communicably coupled to the pitch
adjustment mechanism 36. In general, each pitch adjustment mechanism 36 may
include any suitable components and may have any suitable configuration that allows
the pitch adjustment mechanism 36 to function as described herein. For example, in
several embodiments, each pitch adjustment mechanism 36 may include a pitch drive
motor 40 (e.g., any suitable electric motor), a pitch drive gearbox 42, and a pitch drive
pinion 44. In such embodiments, the pitch drive motor 40 may be coupled to the pitch
drive gearbox 42 so that the pitch drive motor 40 imparts mechanical force to the
pitch drive gearbox 42. Similarly, the pitch drive gearbox 42 may be coupled to the
pitch drive pinion 44 for rotation therewith. The pitch drive pinion 44 may, in turn,
be in rotational engagement with a pitch bearing 46 coupled between the hub 20 and a
corresponding rotor blade 22 such that rotation of the pitch drive pinion 44 causes
rotation of the pitch bearing 46. Thus, in such embodiments, rotation of the pitch
drive motor 40 drives the pitch drive gearbox 42 and the pitch drive pinion 44,
thereby rotating the pitch bearing 46 and the rotor blade 22 about the pitch axis 28.
In alternative embodiments, it should be appreciated that each pitch
adjustment mechanism 36 may have any other suitable configuration that facilitates
rotation of a rotor blade 22 about its pitch axis 28. For instance, pitch adjustment
mechanisms 36 are known that include a hydraulic or pneumatic driven device (e.g., a
hydraulic or pneumatic cylinder) configured to transmit rotational energy to the pitch
bearing 46, thereby causing the rotor blade 22 to rotate about its pitch axis 28. Thus,
in several embodiments, instead of the electric pitch drive motor 40 described above,
each pitch adjustment mechanism 36 may include a hydraulic or pneumatic driven
device that utilizes fluid pressure to apply torque to the pitch bearing 46.
The operation of the pitch adjustment mechanism 36 for each rotor blade
22 may generally be controlled by the main controller 26 via the individual pitch
controller 38 for that rotor blade 22. Thus, in several embodiments, the main
controller 26 and each pitch controller 38 may be in communication with one another
andlor the pitch adjustment mechanism 36 via a wired connection, such as by using a
suitable communicative cable. In other embodiments, the main controller 26 and each
pitch controller 38 may be in communication with one another and/or the pitch
adjustment mechanism 36 via a wireless connection, such as by using any suitable
wireless communications protocol known in the art.
It should be appreciated that, although the main controller 26 may
generally be utilized to control the pitch adjustment mechanisms 36 via the pitch
controllers 38, each pitch controller 38 may also be configured to independently
control the operation of its respective pitch adjustment mechanism 36. For example,
when a communication failure occurs between the main controller 26 and one or more
of the pitch controllers 38 (e.g., due to power loss, controller failure, communication
breakdown andlor the like), the pitch controllers 38 may be configured to implement
the stopping procedures described herein in order to stop the operation of the wind
turbine 10.
Referring still to Fig. 2, the wind turbine 10 may also include a plurality of
sensors 48,50 for monitoring one or more operating conditions of the wind turbine 10
for purposes of the present method and system. As used herein, an operating
condition of the wind turbine 10 is "monitored" when a sensor 48,50 is used to
determine its present value. Thus, the term "monitor" and variations thereof are used
to indicate that the sensors 48,50 need not provide a direct measurement of the
operating condition being monitored. For example, one or more sensors 48 (such as
an optical encoder) may be operatively configured at a suitable location along the
drive train 54 (Fig. 4) to directly or indirectly measure the rotational speed of the
generator rotor. For example, the rotor speed may be derived fiom a sensor 48 that
measures the speed of the rotor hub 20, low speed shaft 32, generator shaft 34, and so
forth. A wind speed sensor 50 may receive a signal fiom an anemometer 58 suitably
located to measure incident wind speed on the blades 22.
In addition, the wind turbine 10 may also include additional sensors for
monitoring various other operating conditions of the wind turbine 10. For instance,
the wind turbine 10 may include one or more sensors configured to monitor the
operation of the pitch adjustment mechanisms 36 (e.g., by monitoring the current
input to and/or the torque output of each pitch adjustment mechanism 36). In
addition, the wind turbine 10 may include one or more sensors configured to monitor
the operation of the main controller 26 andlor the pitch controllers 38, such as by
monitoring the power to and commands transmitted fiom such controller(s) 26,38.
Further, the wind turbine 10 may also include various other sensors for monitoring
any other suitable operating conditions of the wind turbine 10, such as the pitch angle
of each rotor blade 22, the speed of the rotor 18 and/or the rotor shaft 32, the speed of
the generator 24 andlor the generator shaft 34, the torque on the rotor shaft 32 and/or
the generator shaft 34, the wind speed and/or wind direction, grid conditions, power
input to the components of the wind turbine 10 and/or any other suitable operating
conditions.
Referring now to Fig. 4, there is illustrated a block diagram of one
embodiment of a suitable system configuration for accomplishing the desired control
functions in accordance with aspects of the invention wherein the main controller 26
is interfaced with the pitch controllers 38 and a torque control system 52, as well as
the rotor speed sensor 48 and wind speed sensor 50. The controller 26 may include
one or more processors and associated memory devices configured to perform a
variety of computer-implemented functions (e.g., performing the methods, steps,
calculations and the like disclosed herein). As used herein, the term "processor"
refers not only to integrated circuits referred to in the art as being included in a
computer, but also refers to a controller, a microcontroller, a microcomputer, a
programmable logic controller (PLC), an application specific integrated circuit, and
other programmable circuits. Additionally, the memory devices may generally
comprise memory element(s) including, but not limited to, computer readable medium
(e.g., random access memory (RAM)), computer readable non-volatile medium (e.g.,
a flash memory), a floppy disk, a compact disc-read only memory (CD-ROM), a
magneto-optical disk (MOD), a digital versatile disc (DVD) andlor other suitable
memory elements. Such memory devices may generally be configured to store
suitable computer-readable instructions that, when implemented by the processor(s),
configure the controller 26 to perform various functions including, but not limited to,
transmitting suitable control signals to one or more of the pitch adjustment
mechanisms 36, control generator torque, monitor various operating conditions of the
wind turbine 10, and implement the disclosed generator torque and speed profiles in
accordance with aspects of the present methodology.
Referring again to Fig. 4, the wind turbine 10 provides a variable speed
system having a wound rotor induction generator 24, torque controller 52, and a
proportional, integral derivative (PID) pitch (or speed) controller 38 in
communication with the individual pitch drives 37. The induction generator may be a
slip ring or non-slip ring induction generator. The system uses the wound rotor
induction generator with a power converter system to ensure the delivery of constant
frequency power to the grid. Note that although grid applications are described, it
would be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may also be
applied to other applications such as stand-alone power systems.
The power converter controls the wound rotor induction generator 24
according to a predetermined power-speed curve (Fig. 3). By following the
predetermined power-speed curve, the variable speed system is able to operate the
turbine at the maximum power coefficient (Cp) from cut-in to rated wind speeds
(Region I1 in Fig. 3), thereby ensuring that maximum aerodynamic energy capture is
achieved. It should be noted that the power-speed curve is related to a torque-speed
curve by the equation (torque=powerlangular velocity). The power-speed curve is
encoded in the power converter in the form of a look-up table (LUT) of power and
corresponding generator speeds. The LUT may reside in hardware or software. To
control torque, the power converter measures generator rotor speed, interpolates the
LUT to determine the target turbine output power, and calculates the desired
generator torque from the relation (torque=power/angular velocity) using the
generator rotor speed. In one embodiment, this torque is produced by determining the
required current vector and, using well-known pulse width modulation techniques,
produces this vector. In one embodiment, due to slight differences between
theoretical and actuality, the power converter of the present invention employs a
closed loop PI controller which compares actual turbine power output to a target, or
desired, output and makes small adjustments to the torque calculation to achieve and
maintain a desired turbine output.
The torque controller 52 uses field oriented control (FOC) to produce
generator torque as a function of generator rotor speed. Using the stator current, the
rotor current and the rotor angle as inputs, the torque controller of the power converter
identifies the flux vector and commands the required rotor current vector which, upon
interaction with the stator flux vector, produces the desired generator torque. The
rotor current is created by the appropriate switching of the converter insulated gate
bipolar transistors (IGBTs) using well-known pulse width modulation (PWM) current
regulation techniques, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,083,039, entitled "Variable
Speed Wind Turbine", issued in Jan. 2 1, 1992. In this manner, the power control
system follows an aerodynamically optimized powerltorque speed profile. Note that
the look up table values containing the powerltorque-speed profile are based on the
aerodynamics of the particular wind turbine rotor and wind turbine rotor geometry.
Therefore, the table values set may vary for different turbine rotors.
Torque control in a wind turbine generator is well-known to those skilled
in the art and need not be described in greater detail herein. A more detailed
discussion of torque control concepts and systems is set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
6,600,240.
The pitch controller 38 controls generator rotor speed by pitching the
blades of a wind turbine. The pitch controller 38 provides real-time proportional pitch
position of the blades 22, as well as turbine speed regulation, by using a proportional,
integral, derivative (PID) controller. The PID controller performs pitch regulation
based on generator rotor speed and typically operates independently of the torque
controller in the power converter. In conventional systems, the PID controller is a
closed loop PID controller that generates a pitch velocity to perform pitch regulation
while at or above rated wind speeds. The PID controller may begin to perform pitch
regulation at wind speeds less than rated wind speeds. Typically, however, below
rated speed, the pitch angle is fixed at full power-on position. In one embodiment, the
PID controller generates an output voltage in response to a difference between the
target rotor speed and the measured (or actual) rotor speed, which a non-linear LUT
uses to output a pitch velocity in response thereto.
Although the pitch controller 38 is described in conjunction with a PID
controller, a proportional, integral (PI) controller, a proportional, derivative (PD)
controller, or a proportional controller may be used in other embodiments. Other leadlag
or lag-lead controllers can also be used. Also, although the present invention is
described in conjunction with a closed loop controller, an open loop controller may be
used, such as an open loop controller with a derivative term or a Model Based
Controller. These types of controllers are well-known in the art.
Various aspects of exemplary method embodiments are explained by
reference to Figs. 5 through 7. The methods entail controlling the wind turbine
generator at wind speeds in excess of rated wind speed (Vrated). The wind speed
incident on the rotor blades 22 is detected. For example, actual wind speed may be
detected via anemometer 58 and associated sensor circuitry 50. In an alternate
embodiment, wind speed may be derived from another parameter, such as hub
rotational speed, gear train shaft speeds, and so forth. As with conventional control
schemes, at rated wind speed for the wind turbine, generator torque and generator
rotational speed are controlled and nominal values to achieve rated power for the
wind turbine generator, as particularly illustrated in Fig. 6. As wind speed increases
beyond rated wind speed, the method includes proportionally varying ("scheduling")
generator torque and decreasing generator rotational speed. For example, generator
rotor speed may be reduced by 2% and generator torque may be increased by 2%, or
vice-versa. This proportional increaseldecrease of generator speed and generator
torque, respectively, maintains generator power substantially constant at rated power
between Vratedto cut-out wind speed (Vcut-out).
In a particular embodiment, the method may include controlling blade
pitch via the pitch controller 38 to reduce generator rotational speed at the wind
speeds in excess of rated wind speed, while generator torque is controlled via the
torque controller 52, as described above.
Still referring to Figs. 6 and 7, in certain embodiments, the generator
torque and rotational speed are controlled in accordance with a defined wind speed
profile starting at a defined wind speed at or above rated wind speed (Vrated). For
example, in the embodiment of Fig. 7, the proportional increase and decrease of speed
and torque are commenced essentially at rated wind speed. In the embodiment of Fig.
8, the proportional increase and decrease of speed and torque are commenced at a
defined wind speed above rated wind speed.
As depicted in Figs. 6 and 7, the defined wind speed profile for generator
torque and generator speeds above Vratedm ay vary. In certain embodiments, the
generator torque profile may include an initial ramp up stage followed by a steady
state torque value. Likewise, the wind speed profile for generator rotational speed
may include a proportional initial ramp down stage followed by a steady state
rotational speed. These ramp stages may be linear or non-linear, followed by the
steady state proportional torque and speed values.
In a further embodiment depicted in Figs. 6 and 7, the defined wind speed
profiles for generator torque and rotational speed may vary substantially continuously
from the defined speed at Vratedo r higher to Vc,t,,t. For example, the defined wind
speed profiles for generator torque and rotational speed may have a curved profile
wherein the defined wind speed profile for generator torque has an initial increasing
stage followed by a decreasing stage to Vc,t,,t, and the defined wind speed profile for
generator rotational speed includes an initial decreasing stage followed by an
increasing stage from Vratedt o Vcut-out.
Referring to Fig. 6, at Vrated, in one control scheme, a nominal generator
torque and nominal generator rotational speed may be defined for the rated power of
the wind turbine generator, wherein the generator torque is increased and generator
rotational speed decreased proportionally at wind speeds in excess of Vratedr elative to
the respective nominal values. This embodiment may include periodically controlling
the wind turbine at the nominal generator torque and nominal generator rotational
speed for the rated power substantially continuously between Vrateda nd Vc,t-out.
Fig. 5 depicts that, because of the proportional increase and decrease in
generator torque and generator speed, the power output of the generator is maintained
relatively constant at rated (nominal) power between Vratedan d Vcut,ut, as indicated by
the superimposed profiles in Fig. 5.
It should be appreciated that the present invention also encompasses any
configuration of a wind turbine 10 operated in accordance with any of the method
embodiments described herein. For example, a wind turbine 10 may include a torque
controller 52 coupled to the generator 24 to control generator torque, and a pitch
controller 38 coupled to the turbine blade pitch drive mechanism to perform pitch
regulation of generator rotational speed, as described above, in accordance with the
present control methods. The torque controller 52 and pitch controller 38 are operated
to control generator torque and generator rotational speed to achieve a rated power for
the wind turbine generator 24 and, as wind speed increases beyond rated wind speed,
to proportionally increase one of generator torque or generator rotational speed and
decrease the other of generator rotational speed or generator torque to maintain
generator power substantially constant at rated power.
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including
the best mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the
invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any
incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims,
and may include other examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other
examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they include structural
elements that do not differ from the literal language of the claims, or if they include
equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal languages
of the claims.

We Claim:
1. A method for controlling a wind turbine generator at wind speeds in excess
of rated wind speed, comprising:
detecting wind speeds and, at rated wind speed, controlling generator torque
and generator rotational speed to achieve a rated power for the wind turbine
generator; and
as wind speed increases beyond the rated wind speed, proportionally
increasing one of generator torque or generator rotational speed and decreasing the
other of generator rotational speed or generator torque to maintain the generator
power substantially constant at rated power.
2. The method as in claim 1, wherein blade pitch is controlled to reduce
generator rotational speed at the wind speeds in excess of rated wind speed.
3. The method as in claim 1, wherein the generator torque and rotational
speed are controlled in accordance with a defined wind speed profile starting at a
defined wind speed at or above rated wind speed (Vrated).
4. The method as in claim 3, wherein generator torque is proportionally
increased and generator rotational speed is proportionally decreased, the defined wind
speed profile for generator torque includes an initial ramp up stage followed by a
steady state torque value, and the defined wind speed profile for generator rotational
speed includes an initial ramp down stage followed by a steady state rotational speed.
5. The method as in claim 3, wherein the defined wind speed profiles for
generator torque and rotational speed vary from Vratedto a cut-out wind speed (VCutout).
6. The method as in claim 5, wherein the defined wind speed profiles for
generator torque and rotational speed vary substantially continuously from Vrated to
Vcut-out .
7. The method as in claim 6, wherein generator torque is proportionally
increased and generator rotational speed is proportionally decreased, the defined wind
speed profile for generator torque has an initial increasing stage followed by a
decreasing stage, and the defined wind speed profile for generator rotational speed
includes an initial decreasing stage followed by an increasing stage from Vratedto a
cut-out wind speed (Vcut-out).
8. The method as in claim 3, wherein at Vrateda, nominal generator torque and
nominal generator rotational speed are defined for the rated power of the wind turbine
generator, the generator torque increased and rotational speed decreased
proportionally at wind speeds in excess of Vratedre lative to the respective nominal
values.
9. The method as in claim 8, wherein the wind turbine is periodically
controlled at the nominal generator torque and nominal generator rotational speed for
the rated power substantially continuously between Vrated and a cut-out wind speed
(Vcut-out).
10. A wind turbine, comprising:
a generator rotationally driven by a plurality turbine blades configured on a
rotor hub, said rotor hub coupled to said generator;
a torque controller coupled to said generator to control generator torque;
a pitch controller coupled to said turbine blades to perform pitch regulation of
generator rotational speed; and
wherein said torque controller and said pitch controller operate to control
generator torque and generator rotational speed to achieve a rated power for the wind
turbine generator, and as wind speed increases beyond rated wind speed, to
proportionally increase one of generator torque or generator rotational speed and
decrease the other of generator rotational speed or rotational torque to maintain
generator power substantially constant at rated power.
1 1. The wind turbine as in claim 10, wherein said torque controller controls
generator torque and said pitch controller controls generator rotational speed in
accordance with respective defined wind speed profiles starting at a wind speed at or
above rated wind speed (Vrated).
12. The wind turbine as in claim 1 1, wherein generator torque is
proportionally increased and generator rotational speed is proportionally decreased,
said defined wind speed profile for generator torque includes an initial ramp up stage
followed by a steady state torque value, and said defined wind speed profile for
generator rotational speed includes an initial ramp down stage followed by a steady
state rotational speed.
13. The wind turbine as in claim 1 1, wherein said defined wind speed profiles
for generator torque and rotational speed vary from Vratetdo a cut-out wind speed
(Vcut-out).
14. The wind turbine as in claim 13, wherein said defined wind speed profiles
for generator torque and rotational speed vary substantially continuously from Vratedto
Vcut-out .
15. The wind turbine as in claim 14, wherein generator torque is
proportionally increased and generator rotational speed is proportionally decreased,
said defined wind speed profile for generator torque has an initial increasing stage
followed by a decreasing stage, and said defined wind speed profile for generator
rotational speed includes an initial decreasing stage followed by an increasing stage
from Vrated to a cut-out wind speed (VCut-,,t).
Dated this the 2nd day of July, 2013
MANISHA S I ~ NHAI R
Agent for the Applicant [INIPA-7401
LEX ORBIS
Intellectual Property Practice
70917 10, Tolstoy House,
15- 17, Tolstoy Marg,
New Delhi- 11 000 1