DESC:RESERVATION OF RIGHTS
[0001] A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material, which is subject to intellectual property rights such as but are not limited to, copyright, design, trademark, integrated circuit (IC) layout design, and/or trade dress protection, belonging to Jio Platforms Limited (JPL) or its affiliates (hereinafter referred as owner). The owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all rights whatsoever. All rights to such intellectual property are fully reserved by the owner.

TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to a field of wireless networks, and specifically to a system and a method for dynamic spectrum allocation in a Radio Access Network (RAN).

BACKGROUND
[0003] The following description of the related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section is used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of the prior art.
[0004] Current Fifth Generation (5G) communication technology is developed in a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and is meant to deliver higher multi-Gbps peak data speeds, ultra-low latency, more reliability, massive network capacity, increased availability, and a uniform user experience to multiple users. Higher performance and improved efficiency of the 5G technology connects new industries and provides elevated user experiences. Though, with the release of the 5G technology, some of industry required objectives have been met, but there are still a few issues that need to be resolved, such as related to accommodating industry verticals, architectures to support private networks, and supporting flexible network deployments.
[0005] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide an improved system and a method to address network flexibility issues in Radio Access Network (RAN) operation by overcoming the deficiencies of the prior art(s).

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0006] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are listed herein below.
[0007] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and a method for dynamic spectrum allocation in a Radio Access Network (RAN).
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a gateway-assisted spectrum sharing system.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system that facilitates dynamic association and disassociation between private radio access nodes and a core network via a gateway.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to enable a gateway to provide necessary spectrum negotiation capabilities along with necessary security considerations, payment capabilities, and others.
[0011] It is an object of the present invention to optimize spectrum resources in RAN.
[0012] It is an object of the present invention to optimize costs or charges associated with the network usage.

SUMMARY
[0013] This section is provided to introduce certain objects and aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0014] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a system for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network. The system includes one or more processors and a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The memory comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to enable registration of at least one base station with the system. In response to the registration, the one or more processors receive a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the at least one base station, where the spectrum sharing message includes a plurality of first parameters. The one or more processors compare the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system, and send a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters to the at least one base station based on the comparison. The one or more processors receive a spectrum resource selection message from the at least one base station, where the spectrum resource selection message includes one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters. The one or more processors reserve the one or more spectrum resources and transmit a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources to the at least one base station.
[0015] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may enable registration of the at least one base station with the system by being configured to establish a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) connection between the at least one base station and the system, receive a registration request message with a flag from the at least one base station, transmit a registration accept message to the at least one base station upon successful authentication of the at least one base station, and enable registration of the at least one base station with the system.
[0016] In an embodiment, the plurality of first parameters may include at least one of a type of Radio Access Technology (RAT), a plurality of traffic patterns, and a plurality of load conditions, and the plurality of second parameters may include at least one of one or more available frequencies, one or more available bandwidths, one or more frequency available time patterns, one or more available time durations, and associated cost/charging information.
[0017] In an embodiment, the spectrum resource selection message may include at least one of a selected frequency, a selected bandwidth, a selected frequency available time pattern, and a selected time duration among the plurality of second parameters.
[0018] In an embodiment, the spectrum allocation message may include at least one of a reserved frequency, a reserved bandwidth, a reserved frequency available time pattern, and a reserved time duration.
[0019] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may continuously monitor a usage pattern of the one or more spectrum resources available in the system, and store the usage pattern in a database.
[0020] In an embodiment, the one or more processors may continuously monitor the plurality of traffic patterns and the plurality of load conditions to estimate expected traffic and load conditions in near future.
[0021] In an embodiment, the memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to detect that the one or more spectrum resources are underutilized or non-utilized for a predetermined time duration, and share the one or more spectrum resources with other registered base stations during the predetermined time duration.
[0022] In an embodiment, the flag may indicate that the at least one base station is one of at least one spectrum owner base station or at least one spectrum client base station, and the system may be at least one of a part of the at least one spectrum owner base station or deployed independently by a secured entity.
[0023] In an embodiment, the memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to enable the at least one spectrum owner base station to broadcast a flag indicating one or more available spectrum resources and address details in a System Information Block (SIB) message to the at least one spectrum client base station, such that the at least one spectrum client base station requests for the one or more available spectrum resources based on a requirement.
[0024] In an embodiment, the memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, may cause the one or more processors to update details associated with one or more available spectrum resources, the plurality of traffic patterns, the plurality of load conditions, and estimated traffic and load conditions in the database based on information received from the at least one spectrum owner base station.
[0025] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network. The method includes enabling, by one or more processors associated with a system, registration of at least one base station with the system. In response to the registration, the method includes receiving, by the one or more processors, a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the at least one base station, where the spectrum sharing message includes a plurality of first parameters. The method includes comparing, by the one or more processors, the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system. The method includes sending, by the one or more processors, a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters to the at least one base station based on the comparison. The method includes receiving, by the one or more processors, a spectrum resource selection message from the at least one base station, where the spectrum resource selection message includes one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters. The method includes reserving, by the one or more processors, the one or more spectrum resources and transmitting a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources to the at least one base station.
[0026] In an embodiment, enabling, by the one or more processors, registration of the at least one base station with the system may include establishing, by the one or more processors, a SCTP connection between the at least one base station and the system, receiving, by the one or more processors, a registration request message with a flag from the at least one base station, transmitting, by the one or more processors, a registration accept message to the at least one base station upon successful authentication of the at least one base station, and enabling, by the one or more processors, registration of the at least one base station with the system.
[0027] In an embodiment, the method may include continuously monitoring, by the one or more processors, a usage pattern of the one or more spectrum resources available in the system, and storing, by the one or more processors, the usage pattern in a database.
[0028] In an embodiment, the method may include continuously monitoring, by the one or more processors, a plurality of traffic patterns and a plurality of load conditions to estimate expected traffic and load conditions in near future.
[0029] In an embodiment, the method may include detecting, by the one or more processors, that the one or more spectrum resources are underutilized or non-utilized for a predetermined time duration, and sharing, by the one or more processors, the one or more spectrum resources with other registered base stations during the predetermined time duration.
[0030] In an embodiment, the flag may indicate that the at least one base station is one of at least one spectrum owner base station or at least one spectrum client base station, and the system may be at least one of a part of the at least one spectrum owner base station or deployed independently by a secured entity.
[0031] In an embodiment, the method may include enabling, by the one or more processors, the at least one spectrum owner base station to broadcast a flag indicating one or more available spectrum resources and address details in a SIB message to the at least one spectrum client base station, such that the at least one spectrum client base station requests for the one or more available spectrum resources based on a requirement.
[0032] In an embodiment, the method may include updating, by the one or more processors, details associated with one or more available spectrum resources, the plurality of traffic patterns, the plurality of load conditions, and estimated traffic and load conditions in the database based on information received from the at least one spectrum owner base station.
[0033] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a user equipment including one or more processors, and a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors. The memory includes processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to enable registration with a system. In response to the registration, the one or more processors send a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation to the system, where the spectrum sharing message includes a plurality of first parameters. The one or more processors receive a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters from the system. The one or more processors send a spectrum resource selection message to the system, where the spectrum resource selection message includes one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters, and receive a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources from the system.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0034] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes the disclosure of electrical components, electronic components, or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary isolated private Fifth Generation (5G) network architecture.
[0036] FIGs. 2A-2B illustrate exemplary shared private 5G network architecture.
[0037] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary network slicing private 5G architecture.
[0038] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary network architecture for implementing a proposed system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary gateway-assisted spectrum sharing architecture, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram 700 of a Spectrum Sharing GateWay (SSGW) residing in a Radio Access Network (RAN) domain of a Mobile Network Operator (MNO), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 8 illustrates a sequence flow for a spectrum request from a small cell gNB with the SSGW, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary mechanism for deriving free spectrum availability pattern sequence, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 10 illustrates an exemplary scenario for the SSGW to compare received traffic/load patterns with the spectrum availability patterns, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 11 illustrates a sequence flow for updating the SSGW with the spectrum availability patterns, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 12 illustrates a sequence flow for completing a request of additional spectrum with a macro base station, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary scenario for requesting a spectrum with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 14 illustrates a sequence flow for requesting a spectrum by a User Equipment (UE), in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary scenario for requesting a spectrum from a macro base station with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0050] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary scenario where Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) donor and/or IAB node acts as a client for requesting a spectrum from a macro base station with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0051] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present disclose may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0052] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0054] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0055] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0056] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0057] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0058] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0059] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0060] A private Fifth Generation (5G) network architecture may be categorized into multiple categories which are described below, according to different deployment options with a level of integration with a mobile operator’s public network.
? Isolated network: Here, an entire private network is owned and operated by a user and completely isolated from a public network.
? Shared network: The shared network has a hybrid configuration that leverages a part of telecom service provider’s infrastructure.
? Private network slice under public network: Here, the private network is realized by network slicing and leverages an operator’s existing public network infrastructure, and offers private connection through software defined network slice.
[0061] FIG. 1 illustrates an isolated private 5G network architecture 100. In this architecture, the entire network is hosted and operated by the user to ensure full control of the network. The network is completely isolated from the public network, which minimizes risk of data breach. However, investment of building and operating infrastructure of this architecture is very high and requires personnel with a high level of knowledge about telecom networks. The isolated private 5G network architecture is suitable for public safety agencies or large enterprises with an abundance of resources and high concern for data privacy. For example, public communication systems may be maintained for rescue teams with an isolated private 5G network set up in a mobile vehicle.
[0062] FIGs. 2A-2B illustrate exemplary shared private 5G network architecture 200 and 210, respectively. As is illustrated, the shared private 5G network architecture shares infrastructure of a mobile operator’s public network. This is done to reduce the cost of setup for the private 5G network. Depending on business requirement(s), the user may choose how many components will be managed by themselves versus by the mobile operator. By way of an example, in case of a smart factory, it may be better to leave Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC) and User Plane Function (UPF) on premises. This may allow for providing a private 5G architecture where the user may get low latency communication with a room for future modifications. For other types of use case scenarios such as stadiums or exhibition centres, where a fast and stable connection is needed, the business owner may maintain a Radio Access Network (RAN) locally. This may help to ensure that network coverage and network quality is under control while leaving system management to the mobile operator.
[0063] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary network slicing private 5G architecture 300. As illustrated, the network slicing may ensure data isolation and network quality when using an end-to-end private 5G connection provided by the mobile operator’s existing infrastructure. This approach has a lowest investment cost for infrastructure, but it lacks control for the network. This architecture is suitable for scenarios that require deployment on a wide area, such as smart city Internet of Things (IoT) connections or autonomous driving services. For using this architecture, an organization may lease a private bandwidth from the operator and depending on the business type, they may choose different Service Level Agreements (SLAs) to fit their business needs.
[0064] Available 5G network architecture supports the private networks only in a rudimentary way. Mechanisms to accommodate dynamic addition/deletion of private/host neutral RAN nodes into the network may be a new business opportunity for operators to fully monetize any given spectrum pool. The current 5G architecture may not support coreless operation of radio access nodes which may be a “host neutral” or from a private deployment or a host of other possible private/public radio access node deployment combinations. Typically, private radio access node deployment needs prior agreements with a macro network operator and prior interoperability with the core networks. However, there is a lack of an architecture where a private RAN node deployment may search available macro networks, interface with them, negotiate a spectrum on which it may operate and pay for such spectrum use on the go.
[0065] In all of the above discussed cases of private network deployments, it is assumed that there is a prior agreement between the operator and the private network operator. It is observed that in the above-discussed private network deployments, there is no provision to accommodate host neutral scenarios, and there is no provision to accommodate dynamic spectrum sharing between a private network operator entity and a macro network operator. To resolve these issues, there is disclosed an improved system and method for gateway-assisted spectrum sharing.
[0066] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for system for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network. The system and method facilitate gateway-assisted spectrum sharing and furthermore dynamic association and disassociation between the private radio access nodes and the core network via the gateway. The gateway provides necessary spectrum negotiation capabilities. In addition, the gateway provides necessary security considerations, payment capabilities, and others.
[0067] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to FIGs. 4-17.
[0068] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary network architecture 400 for implementing a proposed system 408, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0069] As illustrated in FIG. 4, by way of example and not by not limitation, the exemplary network architecture 400 may include a plurality of computing devices 404-1, 404-2…404-N, which may be individually referred as the computing device 404 and collectively referred as the computing devices 404. The computing devices 404 may be associated with a plurality of users 402-1, 402-2…402-N. The plurality of users 402-1, 402-2…402-N may be individually referred as the user 402 and collectively referred as the users 402.
[0070] It may be appreciated that the computing device 404 may be interchangeably referred to as a user device, a client device, or a User Equipment (UE). The plurality of UEs 404 may include, but not be limited to, scanners such as cameras, webcams, scanning units, and the like.
[0071] In an embodiment, the UE 404 may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (IoT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE 404 may include, but is not limited to, smart phones, smart watches, smart sensors (e.g., mechanical, thermal, electrical, magnetic, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, smart television (TV), computers, smart security system, smart home system, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the users and/or entities, or any combination thereof.
[0072] A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the computing device, or the user device, or the UE 404 may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and/or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.
[0073] In an embodiment, the user device or the UE 404 may include, but is not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smartphone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playing device, a portable gaming system, and/or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, the UE 404 may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electromechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device, wherein the UE 404 may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user or the entity such as a touch pad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like.
[0074] A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 404 may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.
[0075] In an exemplary embodiment, the UE 404 may communicate with the system 408 through a network 406. The network 406 may include, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more nodes that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth. The network 406 may include, by way of example but not limitation, one or more of: a wireless network, a wired network, an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet-switched network, a circuit-switched network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network, a public-switched telephone network (PSTN), a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, some combination thereof.
[0076] In an exemplary embodiment, the system 408 may be associated with a plurality of secured entities 410, which may be individually referred as the entity 410 and collectively referred as the entities 410. In an exemplary embodiment, the system 408 may be associated with a plurality of base stations 412-1, 412-2, ……412-N, which may be individually referred as the base station 412 and collectively referred as the base stations 412. The base station 412 may include, but not limited to, a macro base station 412-1, a small cell base station 412-2, and the like. It may be appreciated that the macro base station 412-1 may be referred to as a macro Next-Generation Node B (gNB), and the small cell base station 412-2 may be referred to as a small cell gNB. The base stations 412 may be registered with the system 408.
[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the system 408 may be interchangeably referred to as a Spectrum Sharing Gateway (SSGW). The SSGW may reside in a RAN domain of a Mobile Network Operator (MNO), for example, the macro base station 412-1 who owns frequency spectrum. The SSGW may be a part of the MNO infrastructure, or may be deployed independently by the secured entity 410. The SSGW may interact with registered base stations either via a proprietary interface or via a standard defined interface.
[0078] In an exemplary embodiment, in response to the registration of the base station 412 with the system 408, the system 408 may receive a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the base station 412. The spectrum sharing message may include a plurality of first parameters. The plurality of first parameters may include, but not limited to, a type of Radio Access Technology (RAT), a plurality of traffic patterns, and a plurality of load conditions. Then, the system 408 may compare the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system 408. Upon comparison, the system 408 may send a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters to the base station 412. The plurality of second parameters may include, but not limited to, one or more available frequencies, one or more available bandwidths, one or more frequency available time patterns, one or more available time durations, and associated cost/charging information.
[0079] Further, the base station 412 may select one or more spectrum resources including, but not limited to, the frequency, the bandwidths, the frequency available time patterns, the time durations, and the associated cost/charging information from the plurality of second parameters, and send a spectrum resource selection message to the system 408.
[0080] The system 408 may receive the spectrum resource selection message including the one or more selected spectrum resources from the base station 412, and reserve the one or more spectrum resources for a predetermined time duration. Furthermore, the system 408 may transmit a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources to the base station 412. The spectrum allocation message may include, but not limited to, a reserved frequency, a reserved bandwidth, a reserved frequency available time pattern, and a reserved time duration. Upon receiving the spectrum allocation message, the base station 412 may start utilizing the one or more spectrum resources.
[0081] Although FIG. 4 shows exemplary components of the network architecture 400, in other embodiments, the network architecture 400 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 4. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture 400 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture 400.
[0082] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary block diagram 500 of a system 408 for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0083] In an embodiment, and as shown in FIG. 5, the system 408 may include one or more processors 502. The one or more processors 502 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that manipulate data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processors 502 may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 504 of the system 408. The memory 504 may store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines, which may be fetched and executed to create or share the data units over a network service. The memory 504 may comprise any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as Random-Access Memory (RAM), or non-volatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.
[0084] In an embodiment, the system 408 may also include an interface(s) 506. The interface(s) 506 may include a variety of interfaces, for example, a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices, referred to as I/O devices, storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) 506 may facilitate communication of the system 408 with various devices coupled to it. The interface(s) 506 may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system 408. Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, processing engine(s) 508 and a database 514.
[0085] In an embodiment, the processing engine(s) 508 may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine(s) 508. In examples, described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing engine(s) 508 may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the one or more processors 502 may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine(s) 508. In such examples, the system 408 may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system 408 and the processing resource. In other examples, the processing engine(s) 508 may be implemented by an electronic circuitry.
[0086] In an embodiment, the database 514 may comprise data that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the processors 502 or the processing engine(s) 508 or the system 408.
[0087] In an exemplary embodiment, the processing engine(s) 508 may include one or more engines selected from any of a data ingestion engine 510 and other units/engines 512. The other units/engines 512 may include, but are not limited to, a monitoring engine, a determination engine, and the like.
[0088] In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, enable registration of at least one base station with the system 408, and receive a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the base station 412. The spectrum sharing message may include a plurality of first parameters. In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, compare the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system 408, and send a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters to the base station 412. In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, receive a spectrum resource selection message from the base station 412, where the spectrum resource selection message includes one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters. In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, reserve the one or more selected spectrum resources and transmit a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more selected spectrum resources to the base station 412.
[0089] In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, continuously monitor a usage pattern of the one or more spectrum resources available in the system 408, and store the usage pattern in the database 514 for future analytics usages.
[0090] In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, continuously monitor the plurality of traffic patterns and the plurality of load conditions to estimate expected traffic and load conditions in near future.
[0091] In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, detect that the one or more spectrum resources are underutilized or non-utilized for a predetermined time duration, and share the one or more spectrum resources with other registered base stations during the predetermined time duration.
[0092] In an embodiment, the base station 412 may be a spectrum owner base station (macro base station 412-1) or a spectrum client base station (small cell base station 412-2). If the base station 412 is a spectrum owner base station, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, enable the spectrum owner base station to broadcast a flag indicating one or more available spectrum resources and address details in a System Information Block (SIB) message to the spectrum client base station, such that the spectrum client base station may request for the one or more available spectrum resources based on a requirement.
[0093] In an embodiment, the one or more processors 502 may, via the data ingestion engine 510, update details associated with one or more available spectrum resources, the plurality of traffic patterns, the plurality of load conditions, and estimated traffic and load conditions in the database 514 based on information received from the spectrum owner base station.
[0094] Although FIG. 5 shows exemplary components of the system 408, in other embodiments, the system 408 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 5. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the system 408 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the system 408.
[0095] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary gateway-assisted spectrum sharing architecture 600, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0096] In 6G deployment scenarios, neutral host deployments i.e., a host/enterprise may deploy RAN entities in which case a service provider may have to provide services of a core network and provide the spectrum that may be used by private RAN entities. Sharing of the spectrum may be between core/macro network (primary spectrum holder) and the private RAN entities. The spectrum sharing may be between multiple Primary Users (PU) and multiple Secondary Users (SU) as well.
[0097] In an embodiment, the gateway may also host a spectrum auction where the SUs may bid to buy spectrum bands from the PU who acts as an auctioneer, selling idle spectrum bands to make a profit. The spectrum channels that are auctioned may have different qualities. Also, the SUs may be allowed to express their preferences for each channel separately. That is, each of the SUs may submit a vector of bids, one for each channel.
[0098] FIG. 7 illustrates a block diagram 700 of a SSGW residing in a RAN domain of a MNO, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0099] In an embodiment, a private RAN entity may connect to an operator gateway entity and request for the spectrum. At 700, the SSGW may be the system 408 that resides at an edge of the RAN domain and may assist in detecting, negotiating, admitting, allocating, and charging the spectrum usage for the RAN nodes for various applications. The SSGW 408 may be a part of the MNO infrastructure, for example, macro base stations 412-1 or it can be deployed independently by a secured third party entity, for example, a secured entity 410. The SSGW 408 may interact with registered base stations either via proprietary interface or via a new standard defined interface.
[00100] The macro base stations 412-1 may register with the SSGW 408, via an interface NG-C1, as a spectrum owner device. In addition, other base stations, for example, small cell base stations 412-2 may register with the SSGW 408 as a spectrum client. The spectrum client may request the SSGW 408 for additional spectrums. As is illustrated in FIG. 7, the macro base stations 412-1 from the MNO may register with the SSGW 408 as spectrum owners and the base stations 412-2 from the private network/others may register with the SSGW 408 as the spectrum client and request for additional spectrum dynamically. Further, a sequence flow for request and allocation of the spectrum is derived. For this, associated messages and tentative parameters across the NG-C1 interface may be captured.
[00101] FIG. 8 illustrates a sequence flow 800 for a spectrum request from a small cell base station 412-2 with the SSGW 408, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00102] As is illustrated, a management entity may configure nearby SSGW 408 details during boot-up time. The macro base station 412-1 may continuously monitor usage pattern of all its available spectrum resources and may store it in a database 514 for future analytics usages. Also, traffic pattern and its load conditions from a previous time frame till current time frame may be monitored. This data may then be used to estimate expected traffic/load conditions in near future and may be stored locally. Upon detecting that available spectrum may be underutilized in near future, a free spectrum availability pattern may be derived.
[00103] The macro base station 412-1 may start broadcasting a flag SS_READY set to ‘1’ and may include SSGW address details in a SIB message through a Radio Resource Control (RRC) system information message. Whichever base stations, who are in need of the spectrum, for the small cell base station 412-2 may monitor the radio by frequently turning on their network listen mode functionality and end up receiving such system broadcast from the macro base station 412-1 and learns that, there are free spectrum available for its usage.
[00104] In yet another embodiment, the SSGW 408 may frequently notify all the registered base stations with the spectrum resource available pattern to consider for their use if needed.
[00105] Once the small cell base station 412-2 acquires the SSGW IP address, the small cell base station 412-2 may establish a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) connection with the SSGW 408 and initiates the SSGW registration procedure by sending a NG-C1AP: REGISTRATION REQUEST message to the SSGW 408. This message may carry the base station related information and also the flag AS_SPECTRUM_CLIENT set to TRUE. The SSGW 408 may authenticate the small cell base station 412-2 and accept the registration for spectrum usage by responding with a message NG-C1AP: REGISTRATION ACCEPT.
[00106] Once the registration with the SSGW 408 is successful, the small cell base station 412-2 may request for the spectrum with the SSGW 408 by sending a message NG-C1AP: SPECTRUM SHARING REQUEST. This message may contain parameters like, the RAT type which may be 4th generation (4G), 5G, 6th Generation (6G), or Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) and also its traffic/load patterns.
[00107] The SSGW 408 may compare the received traffic/load patterns with the spectrum availability patterns as illustrated at 1000 in FIG. 10. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the additional load for which the small cell base station 412-2 is requesting spectrum is shown. As per the request, the spectrum may be needed at time durations, t4, t5, t8, t9, t12 to t(n-1). According to the spectrum availability pattern, the SSGW 408 may allot the spectrum at t4, t5, t8, t9 and t(n-1). But, at t12 to t14, as the spectrum is not available, the SSGW 408 may decline allocation of the spectrum.
[00108] In addition, the SSGW 408 may check availability of possible spectrums, its cost structure, and time durations and may decide to allot it to the requesting small cell base station 412-2. Hence, the SSGW 408 may respond by sending a NG-C1AP: SPECTRUM SHARING RESPONSE which may include parameters like, available frequencies, available bandwidths, available time durations, and associated cost/charging details. Basically, the SSGW 408 may share spectrum allocation pattern along with cost details to the small cell base station 412-2.
[00109] In an embodiment, based on need of traffic/load, its payment capabilities, and needed time duration, the small cell base station 412-2 may choose an appropriate spectrum resource and send a request message for final allotment to the SSGW 408, by sending a message NG-C1AP: SPECTRUM RESOURCE SELECTION REQUEST which carries the parameters like, the selected frequencies, selected bandwidths, selected time durations, and optionally the cost limitations, etc. Further, the SSGW 408 may verify the spectrum request and reserve the spectrum resources against this client (small cell base station 412-2), and may issue a spectrum allocation message to use requested spectrum by sending the message NG-C1AP: SS COMMAND, which carries the parameters like, reserved/approved frequencies, reserved/approved bandwidths, reserved/approved time durations, and approved cost details. Post sending the spectrum allocation message, the SSGW 408 may start charging accordingly. In addition, the RAN entity/ small cell base station 412-2, after receiving the spectrum allocation message, may initiate usage of the received spectrum and initiate payment procedure as per the agreement.
[00110] FIG. 9 illustrates an exemplary mechanism 900 for deriving free spectrum availability pattern sequence, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00111] As is illustrated, only at time t3 and t12 to t14, the spectrum is fully utilized. At times, t1, t4, t5, t7, t9, t11, t(n-1), the spectrum is fully unused, implying availability of the free spectrum. At rest of the time, the spectrum is partially utilized. Even though, when the MNO has paid money for the complete spectrum, it is not utilized fully and eventually makes the MNO undergo losses. This kind of estimated spectrum usage pattern may aid to share the spectrum dynamically with other needed base stations. It may derive similar patterns for each of the configured spectrums. Once the macro base station 412-1 detects that some of its spectrum is free for some time durations, it may decide to share with other base stations during those time durations, who are in need, so that revenue may be generated.
[00112] FIG. 11 illustrates a sequence flow 1100 for updating a SSGW 408 with spectrum availability patterns, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00113] As is illustrated in FIG. 11, a macro base station 412-1 or a core network, which is an owner of the configured spectrums, immediately after successfully booting up, may initiate a registration procedure with the SSGW 408. The macro base station 412-1 may establish a SCTP connection with the SSGW 408 and may initiate the SSGW registration procedure by sending a NG-C1AP: REGISTRATION REQUEST message to the SSGW 408. This message may carry information related to the macro base station 412-1, and may also set a flag AS_SPECTRUM_CLIENT to FALSE, indicating that the macro base station 412-1 is registering as a spectrum owner. The SSGW 408 may authenticate the macro base station 412-1 and accept the registration for the spectrum usage by responding with a message NG-C1AP: REGISTRATION ACCEPT.
[00114] After successful registration with the SSGW 408, the macro base station 412-1 may initiate updating of its latest traffic/load patterns and also latest and future estimated spectrum usage patterns. The SSGW 408 may update its database 514 with the details received from the macro base station 412-1, which may be used while allocating the spectrum resources for the clients.
[00115] FIG. 12 illustrates a sequence flow 1200 for completing a request of additional spectrum with a macro base station 412-1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00116] In an embodiment, a small cell base station 412-2, which is in need of additional spectrum, belonging to the same MNO where the macro base station 412-1 is also residing, may request the spectrum through already established inter-RAN node interfaces (e.g., X2/Xn interfaces) only.
[00117] In support of this functionality across inter-RAN node interface, following messages may be used to aid for the spectrum request and allocation, in the inter-RAN node application protocol suite.
? SPECTRUM SHARING REQUEST
? SPECTRUM SHARING RESPONSE
? SS CHOSEN REQUEST
? SS COMMAND
[00118] The sequence flow as illustrated in FIG. 12 is very similar to that which has been explained across the NG-C1 interface as illustrated in FIG. 8.
[00119] FIG. 13 illustrates an exemplary scenario 1300 for requesting a spectrum with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00120] In an embodiment, a UE/device 404 may act as a client, requesting for the spectrum from a macro base station 412-1 and may use the spectrum for its HotSpot purpose. Here, the HotSpot may be either 4G/5G/6G/Wi-Fi, etc.
[00121] As illustrated in FIG. 13, in the shared spectrum usage state, the UE1 404-1 and UE2 404-2 are using f1 frequency to communicate with the macro base station 412-1 and possibly they may have only Wi-Fi based HotSpot, which is not shown.
[00122] In the without shared spectrum usage state, the UE1 404-1 may be allocated with f2 frequency spectrum by the macro base station 412-1, which the UE1 404-1 uses to operate its HotSpot. Here, the UE1 404-1 may operate its HotSpot with both Wi-Fi as well as f2 frequency based cellular RAT. Further, the UE2 404-2 is allocated with spectrum of frequencies f2, f3...fn, by the macro base station 412-1, which the UE2 404-2 uses to operate its multi carrier HotSpot. Here, the UE2 404-2 may operate its HotSpot with both Wi-Fi as well as f2, f3…fn frequency based cellular RAT, resulting in a multi-carrier, multi-RAT HotSpot.
[00123] FIG. 14 illustrates a sequence flow 1400 for requesting a spectrum by a UE, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00124] As illustrated in FIG. 14, the UE 404 may use RRC messages to communicate its spectrum request to a macro base station 412-1, which in turn forward it to a SSGW 408 via NG-C1AP messages. The SSGW 408 may authenticate, allocate the available spectrum to the UE 404 by sending relevant messages to the macro base station 412-1 via the NG-C1AP messages, which in turn forwards them to the UE 404 via relevant RRC messages. In support of this functionality across a Uu interface, following messages may be used to aid for the spectrum request and allocation, in a RRC protocol suite.
? SYSTEM INFORMATION
? REGISTRATION REQUEST
? REGISTRATION ACCEPT
? SPECTRUM SHARING REQUEST
? SPECTRUM SHARING RESPONSE
? SS CHOSEN REQUEST
? SS COMMAND
[00125] In yet another embodiment, the UE/device 404 may act as a client, and request for the spectrum from the macro base station 412-1, and may use it for its direct UE-to-UE (device-to-device, D2D) communication purpose. Here, the D2D communication may be either 4G/5G/6G/Wi-Fi, etc. The sequence flow as illustrated in FIG. 14 is very similar to that which has been explained across the NG-C1 interface as illustrated in FIG. 8. The UE 404 may enable registration with the SSGW 408. In response to the registration, the UE 404 may send a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation to the SSGW 408, where the spectrum sharing message includes a plurality of first parameters. The UE 404 may receive a spectrum sharing response message including a plurality of second parameters from the SSGW 408. Further, the UE 404 may send a spectrum resource selection message to the SSGW 408, where the spectrum resource selection message includes one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters, and may receive a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources from the SSGW 408. In response to receiving the spectrum allocation message, the UE 404 may start using the one or more spectrum resources.
[00126] FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary scenario 1500 for requesting a spectrum from a macro base station 412-1 with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00127] For the shared spectrum usage state, FIG. 15 illustrates the UEs (UE1 404-1 and UE2 404-2) using f1 frequency to communicate with the macro base station 412-1. The UEs 404-1, 404-2 may possibly have direct communication between each other via the macro base station 412-1 only.
[00128] For the without the shared spectrum usage state, the UE2 404-2 may be allocated with f2 frequency spectrum by the macro base station 412-1, which the UE2 404-2 uses to operate its HotSpot towards the UE1 404-1, to have direct UE-to-UE communication in the D2D mode. Here, the UE1 404-1 may operate its HotSpot with both Wi-Fi as well as f2 frequency based cellular RAT. The UE2 404-2 may also get allocated with spectrum of frequencies f2, f3...fn, by the macro base station 412-1, which the UE2 404-2 uses to operate its multi carrier HotSpot towards UE1 404-1, to have direct UE-to-UE communication in the D2D mode. Here, the UE2 404-2 may operate its HotSpot with both Wi-Fi as well as f2, f3…fn frequency based cellular RAT, resulting in a multi-carrier, multi-RAT HotSpot for D2D communication. As may be appreciated, the sequence flow of messages for the spectrum request and allocations is similar to the earlier explained scenarios.
[00129] FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary scenario 1600 where an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) donor and/or IAB node acts as a client for requesting a spectrum from a macro base station 412-1 with a shared spectrum usage state and without a shared spectrum usage state, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[00130] As illustrated in FIG. 16, the IAB donor and/or IAB node may act as a client, requesting the spectrum from the macro base station 412-1 and may use it for its backhaul and/or access communication purposes. Here, the IAB communications may be either 4G/5G/6G/Wi-Fi, etc.
[00131] For the shared spectrum usage state, both the IAB donor and the IAB node uses the same frequency spectrum f1 for its backhaul and access operations.
[00132] For the without the shared spectrum usage state, the IAB-node1 may be allocated with the spectrum frequency of f2. Hence, it has f1 based backhaul and f1 and f2 based access for its operations. An IAB-node2 may be been allocated the spectrum frequency of f2, f3...fn. Hence, it may have f1 based backhaul and f1, f2, f3...fn based access for its operations, resulting in multi-carrier, multi-RAT access. Further, both the IAB-donor and the IAB-node may be allocated with the spectrum frequency of f2, f3...fn. Hence, it has f1, f2, f3...fn based backhaul and f1, f2, f3...fn based access for its operations, resulting in multi-carrier, multi-RAT access and backhaul. In addition, usage of Wi-Fi may also be considered as part of the multi-RAT scenarios. As may be appreciated, the sequence flow of messages for the spectrum request and allocations is similar to that explained in earlier scenarios.
[00133] In support of this functionality across the f1 interface, following messages may be identified to aid for the spectrum request and allocation, in the f1AP protocol suite.
? SYSTEM INFORMATION
? REGISTRATION REQUEST
? REGISTRATION ACCEPT
? SPECTRUM SHARING REQUEST
? SPECTRUM SHARING RESPONSE
? SS CHOSEN REQUEST
? SS COMMAND
[00134] Therefore, the disclosed system and method facilitates to provide cooperative mechanisms for spectrum sharing. The disclosed system and method shall be applied in 6G wireless networks and may be used for efficient network operations.
[00135] FIG. 17 illustrates an exemplary computer system 1700 in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[00136] As shown in FIG. 17, the computer system 1700 may include an external storage device 1710, a bus 1720, a main memory 1730, a read-only memory 1740, a mass storage device 1750, communication port(s) 1760, and a processor 1770. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system 1700 may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor 1770 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) 1760 may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) 1760 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 1700 connects.
[00137] The main memory 1730 may be a random-access memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory 1740 may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor 1770. The mass storage device 1750 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage device 1750 includes, but is not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks.
[00138] The bus 1720 communicatively couples the processor 1770 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus 1720 may be, e.g. a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)/PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB, or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor 1770 to the computer system 1700.
[00139] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus 1720 to support direct operator interaction with the computer system 1700. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) 1760. Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system 1700 limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[00140] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[00141] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for dynamic spectrum allocation in a Radio Access Network (RAN).
[00142] The present disclosure provides gateway-assisted spectrum sharing.
[00143] The present disclosure provides a dynamic association and disassociation between private radio access nodes and a core network via a gateway.
[00144] The present disclosure enables a gateway to provide necessary spectrum negotiation capabilities along with necessary security considerations, payment capabilities, and others.
[00145] The present disclosure enables resource optimization in a network system.
[00146] The present disclosure enables cost optimization associated with a network usage.
,CLAIMS:1. A system (408) for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network, the system (408) comprising:
one or more processors (502); and
a memory (504) operatively coupled to the one or more processors (502), wherein the memory (504) comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors (502) to:
enable registration of at least one base station (412) with the system (408);
in response to the registration, receive a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the at least one base station (412), wherein the spectrum sharing message comprises a plurality of first parameters;
compare the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system (408);
send a spectrum sharing response message comprising a plurality of second parameters to the at least one base station (412) based on the comparison;
receive a spectrum resource selection message from the at least one base station (412), wherein the spectrum resource selection message comprises one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters; and
reserve the one or more spectrum resources and transmit a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources to the at least one base station (412).
2. The system (408) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors (502) are to enable registration of the at least one base station (412) with the system (408) by being configured to:
establish a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) connection between the at least one base station (412) and the system (408);
receive a registration request message with a flag from the at least one base station (412);
transmit a registration accept message to the at least one base station (412) upon successful authentication of the at least one base station (412); and
enable registration of the at least one base station (412) with the system (408).
3. The system (408) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of first parameters comprises at least one of: a type of Radio Access Technology (RAT), a plurality of traffic patterns, and a plurality of load conditions, and wherein the plurality of second parameters comprises at least one of: one or more available frequencies, one or more available bandwidths, one or more frequency available time patterns, one or more available time durations, and associated cost/charging information.
4. The system (408) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the spectrum resource selection message comprises at least one of: a selected frequency, a selected bandwidth, a selected frequency available time pattern, and a selected time duration among the plurality of second parameters.
5. The system (408) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the spectrum allocation message comprises at least one of: a reserved frequency, a reserved bandwidth, a reserved frequency available time pattern, and a reserved time duration.
6. The system (408) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more processors (502) are to continuously monitor a usage pattern of the one or more spectrum resources available in the system (408), and store the usage pattern in a database (514).
7. The system (408) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the one or more processors (502) are to continuously monitor the plurality of traffic patterns and the plurality of load conditions to estimate expected traffic and load conditions in near future.
8. The system (408) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the memory (504) comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors (502) to detect that the one or more spectrum resources are underutilized or non-utilized for a predetermined time duration, and share the one or more spectrum resources with other registered base stations during the predetermined time duration.
9. The system (408) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the flag indicates that the at least one base station (412) is one of: at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1) or at least one spectrum client base station (412-2), and wherein the system (408) is at least one of: a part of the at least one spectrum owner base station or deployed independently by a secured entity (410).
10. The system (408) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the memory (504) comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors (502) to enable the at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1) to broadcast a flag indicating one or more available spectrum resources and address details in a System Information Block (SIB) message to the at least one spectrum client base station (412-2), such that the at least one spectrum client base station (412-2) requests for the one or more available spectrum resources based on a requirement.
11. The system (408) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the memory (504) comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors (502) to update details associated with one or more available spectrum resources, a plurality of traffic patterns, a plurality of load conditions, and estimated traffic and load conditions in a database (514) based on information received from the at least one spectrum owner base station.
12. A method for dynamic spectrum allocation in a radio access network, the method comprising:
enabling, by one or more processors (502) associated with a system (408), registration of at least one base station (412) with the system (408);
in response to the registration, receiving, by the one or more processors (502), a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation from the at least one base station (412), wherein the spectrum sharing message comprises a plurality of first parameters;
comparing, by the one or more processors (502), the plurality of first parameters with a plurality of spectrum patterns available in the system (408);
sending, by the one or more processors (502), a spectrum sharing response message comprising a plurality of second parameters to the at least one base station (412) based on the comparison;
receiving, by the one or more processors (502), a spectrum resource selection message from the at least one base station (412), wherein the spectrum resource selection message comprises one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters; and
reserving, by the one or more processors (502), the one or more spectrum resources and transmitting a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources to the at least one base station (412).
13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein enabling, by the one or more processors (502), registration of the at least one base station (412) with the system (408) comprises:
establishing, by the one or more processors (502), a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) connection between the at least one base station (412) and the system (408);
receiving, by the one or more processors (502), a registration request message with a flag from the at least one base station (412);
transmitting, by the one or more processors (502), a registration accept message to the at least one base station (412) upon successful authentication of the at least one base station (412); and
enabling, by the one or more processors (502), registration of the at least one base station (412) with the system (408).
14. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising continuously monitoring, by the one or more processors (502), a usage pattern of the one or more spectrum resources available in the system (408), and storing, by the one or more processors (502), the usage pattern in a database (514).
15. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising continuously monitoring, by the one or more processors (502), a plurality of traffic patterns and a plurality of load conditions to estimate expected traffic and load conditions in near future.
16. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising detecting, by the one or more processors (502), that the one or more spectrum resources are underutilized or non-utilized for a predetermined time duration, and sharing, by the one or more processors (502), the one or more spectrum resources with other registered base stations during the predetermined time duration.
17. The method as claimed in claim 13, wherein the flag indicates that the at least one base station (412) is one of: at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1) or at least one spectrum client base station (412-2), and wherein the system (408) is at least one of: a part of the at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1) or deployed independently by a secured entity (410).
18. The method as claimed in claim 17, comprising enabling, by the one or more processors (502), the at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1) to broadcast a flag indicating one or more available spectrum resources and address details in a System Information Block (SIB) message to the at least one spectrum client base station (412-2), such that the at least one spectrum client base station (412-2) requests for the one or more available spectrum resources based on a requirement.
19. The method as claimed in claim 17, comprising updating, by the one or more processors (502), details associated with one or more available spectrum resources, a plurality of traffic patterns, a plurality of load conditions, and estimated traffic and load conditions in a database (514) based on information received from the at least one spectrum owner base station (412-1).
20. A user equipment (404), comprising:
one or more processors; and
a memory operatively coupled to the one or more processors, wherein the memory comprises processor-executable instructions, which on execution, cause the one or more processors to:
enable registration with a system (408);
in response to the registration, send a spectrum sharing message requesting for spectrum allocation to the system (408), wherein the spectrum sharing message comprises a plurality of first parameters;
receive a spectrum sharing response message comprising a plurality of second parameters from the system (408);
send a spectrum resource selection message to the system (408), wherein the spectrum resource selection message comprises one or more spectrum resources selected based on the plurality of second parameters; and
receive a spectrum allocation message to initiate usage of the one or more spectrum resources from the system (408).