Technical Field
[0001] The embodiments herein generally relate to a system and method for leak
detection, and more specifically to a system and method for moisture sensing-based leak
detection and identification of liquid merchandise stored in a warehouse over Bluetooth low
10 energy (BLE) mesh.
Description of the related art
[0002] Safety aspects play an ever-larger role in a warehouse environment containing
bulk produce or goods (wares) for commercial purposes. In most cases, goods stored in
warehouses are packaged and palletized, making them easily storable in racks or on the floor.
15 For storing liquid merchandise in a warehouse, the potential for contamination should be
taken into consideration. Whether the liquid products may be needed chemicals for
manufacturing purposes, consumable liquid, or any other type of commercially available
fluid, warehouses serve as a home to a vast array of liquids that need to be handled correctly.
Spillage/leakage is a major problem in managing high-value liquid merchandise. To control
20 the damage to nearby goods in a warehousing environment, immediate identification and
segregation of damaged stock-keeping unit (SKU)/boxes containing liquid merchandise
stacked in a warehouse are required.
[0003] Existing systems employ sensors to detect leakage by sensing the moisture,
however, they are not capable of detecting the exact location of where the leakage has
25 occurred (i.e.) the location of damaged SKU/boxes containing the liquid merchandise stacked
3
in the warehouse.
[0004] Therefore, there arises a need to address the aforementioned technical
drawbacks in existing technologies for leak detection and identification of liquid
merchandise stored in a warehouse.
SUMMARY 5 OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In view of the foregoing, an embodiment herein provides a system for
detecting and locating leakage in storage boxes including liquid merchandise. The system
includes one or more hygrometers configured to detect a leakage condition in the storage
boxes including the liquid merchandise by sensing moisture due to the leakage condition in
10 any of the storage boxes. The one or more hygrometers are positioned horizontally with
respect to a bottom surface of the storage boxes for sensing the moisture due to the leakage
condition including the liquid merchandise. The system includes one or more Bluetooth
signal mesh tags configured to generate Bluetooth signals when the moisture is sensed due to
the leakage condition by the one or more hygrometers. Each Bluetooth signal mesh tag is
15 electrically connected to the corresponding hygrometer of the corresponding storage box and
the Bluetooth signals are communicated over a Bluetooth mesh network. The Bluetooth
signals are generated by activating the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags through a
digital signal sent by one or more comparators. The digital signal is generated when a short
circuit is caused in the one or more hygrometers on detecting the leakage condition. Each
20 comparator is electrically connected to the corresponding Bluetooth signal mesh tag of the
corresponding storage box. The system includes one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna
arrays including one or more receiver antennas positioned at a known location that receives
the Bluetooth signals from the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags. The one or more
receiver antennas send the received Bluetooth signals to a server. A first receiver antenna
25 sends a first Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a second Bluetooth signal.
The one or more receiver antennas are communicatively connected to the server. The server
includes a memory that stores a set of instructions, which when executed by the server
4
performs: (i) obtaining the Bluetooth signals from the one or more angle of arrival (AoA)
antenna arrays, (ii) determining an angle of arrival of the Blue tooth signals, the angle of
arrival of the Bluetooth signals is measured by calculating a phase difference between the
first Bluetooth signal from a first receiver antenna and a second Bluetooth signal from the
second receiver antenna, a phase of a Bluetooth signal is determined 5 by sampling
IQ components of the Bluetooth signal; (iii) obtaining RSSI (received signal strength
indicator) information of the Bluetooth signals received at the one or more angle of arrival
(AoA) antenna arrays, (iv) analyzing the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals based on
the RSSI (received signal strength indicator) information in conjunction with the known
10 positions of the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna arrays to determine the location
of storage boxes with the leakage condition.
[0006] In some embodiments, an AoA estimation model estimates the angle of arrival
of the Bluetooth signals. The AoA estimation model is trained by (i) sampling N1 set of the
angle of arrival measurement values under a controlled environment and sampling N2 set of
15 the angle of arrival measurement values under the controlled environment, (ii) performing a
proximal policy optimization training on the sampled N1 set of angle of arrival measurement
values, and the sampled N2 set of angle of arrival measurement values by correcting the
obtained angle of arrival measurement value after testing the angle of arrival measurement
values based on the proximal policy optimization. The AoA estimation model is trained using
20 RSSI (received signal strength indicator) information of the Bluetooth signals.
[0007] In some embodiments, the server communicates the location of the storage
boxes with the leakage condition to a user by generating an alert.
[0008] In some embodiments, each of the one or more hygrometers includes a
leakage detection panel for sensing the moisture due to the leakage condition. In some
25 embodiments, the leakage detection panel is electrically connected with corresponding
comparator.
5
[0009] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth mesh network supports signal
propagation from the center of a stack of the storage boxes including the liquid merchandise
to a gateway.
[0010] In some embodiments, the Bluetooth mesh network includes one or more
nodes that exchange the Bluetooth signals received from the one or more 5 Bluetooth signal
mesh tags.
[0011] A method for detecting and locating leakage in storage boxes including liquid
merchandise is provided. The method includes detecting using one or more hygrometers a
leakage condition in the storage boxes including the liquid merchandise by sensing moisture
10 due to the leakage condition in any of the storage boxes. The one or more hygrometers are
positioned horizontally with respect to a bottom surface of the storage boxes for sensing the
moisture due to the leakage condition including the liquid merchandise. The method includes
generating using one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags Bluetooth signals when the
moisture is sensed due to the leakage condition by the one or more hygrometers. Each
15 Bluetooth signal mesh tag is electrically connected to the corresponding hygrometer of the
corresponding storage box. The Bluetooth signals are communicated over a Bluetooth mesh
network. The Bluetooth signals are generated by activating the one or more Bluetooth signal
mesh tags through a digital signal sent by one or more comparators. The digital signal is
generated when a short circuit is caused in the one or more hygrometers on detecting the
20 leakage condition. Each comparator is electrically connected to the corresponding Bluetooth
signal mesh tag of the corresponding storage box. The method includes receiving by one or
more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna arrays include one or more receiver antennas positioned
at a known location, the Bluetooth signals from the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags.
The one or more receiver antennas send the received Bluetooth signals to a server. A first
25 receiver antenna sends a first Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a second
Bluetooth signal. The one or more receiver antennas are communicatively connected to the
server. The method includes obtaining, by the server, the Bluetooth signals from the one or
more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array. The method includes determining an angle of
6
arrival of the Blue tooth signals. The angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals is measured by
calculating a phase difference between the first Bluetooth signal from the first receiver
antenna and the second Bluetooth signal from the second receiver antenna. A phase of a
Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling IQ components of the Bluetooth signal. The
method includes obtaining RSSI (received signal strength indicator) 5 information of the
Bluetooth signals received at the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array. The
method includes analyzing the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals based on the RSSI
(received signal strength indicator) information in conjunction with the known positions of
the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array to determine the location of storage
10 boxes with the leakage condition.
[0012] In some embodiments, an AoA estimation model estimates the angle of arrival
of the Bluetooth signals. The AoA estimation model is trained by (i) sampling N1 set of the
angle of arrival measurement values under a controlled environment and sampling N2 set of
the angle of arrival measurement values under the controlled environment, (ii) performing a
15 proximal policy optimization training on the sampled N1 set of angle of arrival measurement
values, and the sampled N2 set of angle of arrival measurement values by correcting the
obtained angle of arrival measurement values after testing the angle of arrival measurement
values based on the proximal policy optimization. The AoA estimation model is trained using
RSSI (received signal strength indicator) information of the Bluetooth signals.
20 [0013] In some embodiments, the server communicates the location of the storage
boxes with the leakage condition to a user by generating an alert.
[0014] In some embodiments, each of the one or more hygrometers includes a
leakage detection panel for sensing the moisture due to the leakage condition. The Bluetooth
mesh network supports signal propagation from a center of a stack of the storage boxes
25 including the liquid merchandise to a gateway. The Bluetooth mesh network includes one or
more nodes that exchange the Bluetooth signals received from the one or more Bluetooth
7
signal mesh tags. The leakage detection panel is electrically connected with corresponding
comparator
[0015] The system and method implement moisture sensing-based detection,
mitigation, and incident management in high-value liquid merchandise over Bluetooth Mesh.
The system and method provide real-time alerts for risk mitigation with visual 5 guidance in a
warehouse setting. The system and method address a new market segment of high-value
liquid storage in a warehouse environment. The system and method save the inventory
wastage cost due to timely alerts.
[0016] These and other aspects of the embodiments herein will be better appreciated
10 and understood when considered in conjunction with the following description and the
accompanying drawings. It should be understood, however, that the following descriptions,
while indicating preferred embodiments and numerous specific details thereof, are given by
way of illustration and not of limitation. Many changes and modifications may be made
within the scope of the embodiments herein without departing from the spirit thereof, and the
15 embodiments herein include all such modifications.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The embodiments herein will be better understood from the following detailed
description with reference to the drawings, in which:
[0018] FIG. 1 illustrates a leakage detection and identification system for detecting
20 leakage in SKU/storage boxes containing liquid merchandise and locating the SKU/storage
boxes containing liquid merchandise with leakage stacked in a warehouse according to some
embodiments herein;
[0019] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the server of FIG. 1 according to some
embodiments herein;
25 [0020] FIG. 3 illustrates a Bluetooth mesh architecture that supports signal
propagation from a center of a stack to the server of FIG.1 according to some embodiments
8
herein;
[0021] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of a hygrometer with a Bluetooth
signal mesh tag, and a comparator of FIG.1 according to some embodiments herein;
[0022] FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow diagrams that illustrate a method for detecting
leakage in SKU/storage boxes containing liquid merchandise and locating 5 the SKU/storage
boxes containing liquid merchandise with leakage condition stacked in a warehouse
according to some embodiments herein; and
[0023] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a computer architecture in accordance with
the embodiments herein.
10 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0024] The embodiments herein and the various features and advantageous details
thereof are explained more fully with reference to the non-limiting embodiments that are
illustrated in the accompanying drawings and detailed in the following description.
Descriptions of well-known components and processing techniques are omitted so as to not
15 unnecessarily obscure the embodiments herein. The examples used herein are intended
merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the embodiments herein may be
practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments herein.
Accordingly, the examples should not be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments
herein.
20 [0025] As mentioned, there remains a need for a system and method for detecting
leakage and locating the SKU containing liquid merchandise with leakage. The embodiments
herein achieve this by proposing a system and method that determine leakage based on
moisture sensing and determine the location of the SKU/storage boxes containing the liquid
merchandise with leakage using an angle of arrival and angle of departure feature of
25 Bluetooth technology. Referring now to the drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1
through 6, where similar reference characters denote corresponding features consistently
9
throughout the figures, there are shown preferred embodiments.
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a leakage detection and identification system 100 for
detecting leakage in SKU/storage boxes containing liquid merchandise and locating the
SKU/storage boxes 102A-N containing liquid merchandise with leakage stacked in a
warehouse 108 according to some embodiments herein. The system 5 100 includes
SKU/storage boxes 102A-N containing liquid merchandise, one or more hygrometers 104AN,
one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N, the warehouse 108, one or more angle of
arrival (AoA) antenna array 110A-N, a server 114, and a user 116. The SKU/storage boxes
102A-N containing liquid merchandise are stacked in the warehouse 108. The one or more
10 hygrometers 104A-N are configured to detect a leakage condition in the storage boxes 102AN
including the liquid merchandise by sensing moisture due to the leakage condition in any
of the storage boxes 102A-N. The one or more hygrometers 104A-N are positioned
horizontally with respect to the bottom surface of the storage boxes 102A-N for sensing the
moisture due to the leakage condition including the liquid merchandise. The one or more
15 Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N are configured to generate Bluetooth signals when the
moisture is sensed due to the leakage condition by the one or more hygrometers 104A-N.
Each Bluetooth signal mesh tag is electrically connected to the corresponding hygrometer of
the corresponding storage box. The Bluetooth signals are communicated over a Bluetooth
mesh network and the Bluetooth signals are obtained as a narrow band tone. The mesh
20 network includes nodes such as the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N that are
connected directly, dynamically, and non-hierarchically to as many other nodes. The nodes
co-operate with each other by exchanging data. The mesh network is a Bluetooth lowenergy
mesh network based on Bluetooth technology. The connectivity over the Bluetooth
mesh network creates a cluster of SKUs for better visibility of inventory. The mesh
25 architecture supports signal propagation from the center of the stack and communicated to
the server 114 through a network 112. The network 112 may be a wired or a wireless
network. The network 112 may be a combination of a wired network and a wireless network.
The network 112 may be the Internet. The mesh architecture creates a digital twin of assets
10
(i.e.) SKU/ storage boxes 102A-N, that helps to identify the exact location of damaged
SKU/storage boxes 102A-N in the stack. The Bluetooth signals are generated by activating
the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N through a digital signal sent by one or
more comparators. The digital signal is generated when a short circuit is caused in the one or
more hygrometers 104A-N on detecting the leakage condition. 5 Each comparator is
electrically connected to the corresponding Bluetooth signal mesh tag of the corresponding
storage box. The one or more angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array 110A-N includes one or
more receiver antennas positioned at a known location that receives the Bluetooth signals
from the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N. The one or more receiver antennas
10 send the received Bluetooth signals to a server 114. A first receiver antenna sends a first
Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a second Bluetooth signal. The one or
more receiver antennas are communicatively connected to the server 114. The server 114
includes a memory that stores a set of instructions, which when executed by the server 114.
The server 114 is configured to obtain the Bluetooth signals from the one or more angle of
15 arrival (AoA) antenna array 110A-N. The server 114 is configured to determine an angle of
arrival of the Blue tooth signals. The angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals is measured by
calculating a phase difference between the first Bluetooth signal from the first receiver
antenna and the second Bluetooth signal from the second receiver antenna. A phase of a
Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling IQ components of the Bluetooth signal. The
20 server 114 is configured to obtain received signal strength indicator (RSSI) information of
the Bluetooth signals received at the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array. The
server 114 is configured to analyze the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals based on the
RSSI information in conjunction with the known positions of the one or more angle of arrival
(AoA) antenna array 110A-N to determine the location of storage boxes 102A-N with the
25 leakage condition. The server 114 is configured to communicate the location of the storage
box 102A-N with leakage to a user by generating an alert. The server 114 may be a cloud
server. The location of the SKU/storage boxes 102A-N with leakage is determined using the
angle of arrival (AoA) and angle of departure (AoD) feature of Bluetooth technology. The
11
AoA determines the direction of propagation of the incident signal on the antenna array
110A-N. The AoA is calculated by measuring the path length difference at individual
elements of the antenna array based on the incident light. In some embodiments, a gateway
obtains an actual heading angle/pitch angle of the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags
106A-N. According to the determined tag height, the gateway calculates and 5 obtains a unique
spatial absolute coordinate of the incident signal.
[0027] An AoA estimation model estimates the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth
signals. The AoA estimation model is trained by sampling the N1 set of AoA measurement
values under a controlled environment and sampling the N2 set of AoA measurement values
10 under the controlled environment. A proximal policy optimization training is performed on
the sampled set of AoA measurement values. The measurement value is tested based on the
proximal policy optimization training to correct the obtained AoA measurement data and the
obtained AoA location. The measurement error ?i of AoA measurement data obeys the
Gaussian distribution. The joint probability distribution of measurement errors can be defined
15 as:
[0028] d?1...?N, where di is the standard deviation
of the measurement error.
[0029] The AOA estimation model is also trained using RSSI information of the
Bluetooth signals. The proximity of the Bluetooth signals between the one or more Bluetooth
20 signal mesh tags and the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array can be calculated
using Measured Power. Measured Power is a factory-calibrated, read-only constant that
indicates what’s the expected RSSI at a distance of 1 meter to the one or more Bluetooth
signal mesh tags 106A-N. Combined with RSSI, it allows estimating the distance between
the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array 110A-N and the one or more Bluetooth
25 signal mesh tags 106A-N. The RSSI Vs Distance matrix gives a location estimation of
plus/minus one feet. The distance between the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A12
N and the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array 110A-N can be obtained using
the formula, Distance = 10 ^ ((Measured Power -RSSI)/(10 * N)). Here, N is a constant that
depends on the Environmental factor. The Range may be 2–4, with low to high strength. The
AoA estimation model is trained using RSSI (received signal strength indicator) information
of the Bluetooth signals. The AoA estimation model is trained using real-5 time distance data
to improve the accuracy of estimation. The location of SKU/storage boxes 102A-N with
leakage is determined based on the AoA location and communicated as an alert with the
location of SKU/storage boxes 102A-N within warehouse 108 to the user 116 through an
application. The leakage and location data may be used for performing predictive analysis
10 which can save overall cost for mitigating leakage/breakage in a warehouse.
[0030] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the server 114 of FIG. 1 according to some
embodiments herein. The server 114 includes a database 202, a Bluetooth signal receiving
module 204, an Angle of arrival determination module 206, an RSSI (received signal
strength indicator) information receiving module 208, and a location determination module
15 210. The Bluetooth signal receiving module 204 receives the Bluetooth signals from the one
or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array. The Angle of arrival determination module
206 determines the angle of arrival of the Blue tooth signals. The angle of arrival of the
Bluetooth signals is measured by calculating a phase difference between the first Bluetooth
signal from the first receiver antenna and the second Bluetooth signal from the second
20 receiver antenna. A phase of a Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling IQ components of
the Bluetooth signal. The RSSI information receiving module 208 obtains the RSSI
information of the Bluetooth signals received at the one or more angle of arrival (AoA)
antenna array 110A-N. The location determination module 210 analyzes the angle of arrival
of the Bluetooth signals based on the RSSI information in conjunction with the known
25 positions of the one or more angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array 110A-N to determine the
location of storage boxes 102A-N with the leakage condition. The server 114 may include a
communication module that communicates the location of SKU/storage boxes 102A-N with
leakage as an alert to the user 116.
13
[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates a Bluetooth mesh architecture 300 that supports signal
propagation from the center of stack to the server 114 of FIG.1 according to some
embodiments herein. The Bluetooth mesh architecture 300 includes the one or more
Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N that are attached to the SKU/storage boxes 102A-N
containing liquid merchandise. The one or more hygrometers 104A-5 N are positioned
horizontally with respect to the bottom surface of the storage boxes 102A-N to capture the
leakage information by sensing the moisture present due to the spilled liquid and
communicating to the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags 106A-N. The Bluetooth signal
mesh tags 106A-N form a mesh network. The nodes of the mesh network include Bluetooth
10 signal mesh tags 106A-N that are connected directly, dynamically, and non-hierarchically to
as many other nodes. The nodes co-operate with each other by exchanging data. The
mesh network is a Bluetooth low-energy mesh network based on Bluetooth technology. The
connectivity over the Bluetooth signal mesh network creates a cluster of SKUs for better
visibility of inventory. The Bluetooth mesh architecture 300 supports signal propagation
15 from the center of the stack. The Bluetooth signals are communicated over the Bluetooth
signal mesh network 300 to the server 114 through the network 112.
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary arrangement of a hygrometer 104A with a
Bluetooth signal mesh tag 106A, and a comparator 404 of FIG.1 according to some
embodiments herein. The exemplary arrangement includes a leakage detection panel 402 that
20 is electrically connected with the comparator 404, and the Bluetooth signal mesh tag 106A.
The spilled liquid due to leakage/breakage falls on the leakage detection panel 402 of the
hygrometer 104A. The hygrometer 104A captures the leakage information by sensing the
moisture present in the spilled liquid and communicates to Bluetooth signal mesh tag 106A
attached to the corresponding SKU/storage box 102A through the comparator 404. The
25 comparator 404 includes two analog input terminals and one binary digital output. A
Bluetooth signal is generated by activating the Bluetooth signal mesh tag 406 through the
digital signal sent by the comparator 404. The digital signal is generated when a short circuit
is caused in the hygrometer 104A on detecting the leakage condition using the leakage
14
detection panel 402.
[0033] FIGS. 5A and 5B are flow diagrams that illustrate a method 500 for detecting
leakage in SKU/storage boxes containing liquid merchandise and locating the SKU/storage
boxes containing liquid merchandise with leakage condition stacked in a warehouse
according to an embodiment herein. At step 502, the method 500 includes 5 detecting, using
one or more hygrometers, a leakage condition in the storage boxes includes the liquid
merchandise by sensing moisture due to the leakage condition in any of the storage boxes.
The one or more hygrometers are positioned horizontally with respect to a bottom surface of
the storage boxes for sensing the moisture due to the leakage condition includes the liquid
10 merchandise. At step 504, the method 500 includes generating using one or more Bluetooth
signal mesh tags Bluetooth signals when the moisture is sensed due to the leakage condition
by the one or more hygrometers. Each Bluetooth signal mesh tag is electrically connected to
corresponding hygrometer of corresponding storage box. The Bluetooth signals are
communicated over a Bluetooth mesh network. The Bluetooth signals are generated by
15 activating the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags through a digital signal sent by one or
more comparators. The digital signal is generated when a short circuit is caused in the one or
more hygrometers on detecting the leakage condition. Each comparator is electrically
connected to corresponding Bluetooth signal mesh tag of corresponding storage box. At step
506, the method 500 includes receiving by one or more angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array
20 including one or more receiver antennas positioned at a known location, the Bluetooth
signals from the one or more Bluetooth signal mesh tags. The one or more receiver antennas
send the received Bluetooth signals to a server. A first receiver antenna sends a first
Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a second Bluetooth signal. The one or
more receiver antennas are communicatively connected to the server. At step 508, the
25 method 500 includes obtaining, by the server, the Bluetooth signals from the one or more
angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array. At step 510, the method 500 includes determining an
angle of arrival of the Blue tooth signals, the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals is
measured by calculating a phase difference between the first Bluetooth signal from the first
15
receiver antenna and the second Bluetooth signal from the second receiver antenna. A phase
of a Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling IQ components of the Bluetooth signal. At
step 512, the method 500 includes obtaining received signal strength indicator (RSSI)
information of the Bluetooth signals received at the one or more angle of arrival (AoA)
antenna array. At step 514, the method 500 includes analyzing the angle 5 of arrival of the
Bluetooth signals based on the RSSI information in conjunction with the known positions of
the one or more angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array to determine the location of storage
boxes with the leakage condition.
[0034] In an example embodiment, an implementation of a sample AoA system is
10 provided. The system includes the following configuration:
• BLE 5.2 TX/RX
• 4 antennas at the receiver with a SP4T RF switch
• Advertising channel Protocol Data Unit (PDU)s
• CTE inline mode
15 • Output buffer set to 0x20004000
• 0x1C buffer size (28 words)
[0035] The following procedures only cover the Direction-Finding configuration and
does not include general PHY (Physical Layer Device) settings. However, the configuration
can be added to an existing non-Soft Device system. In an example implementation, setting
20 up of the transmitter to Configure the CTE (Common Table Expression) to set up the AoA
transmitter is provided.
1. Enter DFEMODE.DFEOPMODE=3 to set the AoA mode.
2. Enter DFECTRL.NUMBEROF8US=3 to set the length of the CTE to 24 µs.
3. Enter DFECTRL.DFEINEXTENSION=1 (default) to add the CTE after the CRC.
16
4. Write the TX data to the RAM. The frame shall match the required format for an
advertising channel PDU (CP bit set and CTEInfo=0x18).
5. If the SHORTS.READY_START register is enabled, enter TASKS_TXEN=1 to
start the transmitter.
[0036] In an example implementation, the setting up of the receiver 5 is provided.
1. Enter DFEMODE.DFEOPMODE=3 to set the AoA mode.
2. Enter CTEINLINECONF.CTEINLINECTRLEN=1 to enable the CTE inline mode.
3. Enter CTEINLINECONF.CTEINFOINS1=0 because the Advertising Channel
PDU has the CP in S0.
10 4. Set the S0 configuration and mask according to the expected format by entering
the following commands:
a) CTEINLINECONF.S0CONF=0x07
b) CTEINLINECONF.S0MASK=0x0F
The following configurations are used for the Data Channel PDU:
15 • CTEINLINECONF-CTEINFOINS1=1
• CTEINLINECONF.S0CONF=0x20
• CTEINLINECONF.S0MASK=0x20 1159720_173 v1.1 16
[0037] In an example embodiment, setting up antenna switching for the AoA receiver
20 is provided.
Configure GPIO toggling for antenna switching.
1. Enter DFECTRL1.TSWITCHSPACING=2 (default) to configure antenna
switching every 2 µs.
17
2. Set the switch pattern that controls the GPIOs connected to the antenna switches by
entering the following:
SWITCHPATTERN=0x1
SWITCHPATTERN=0x1
SWITCHPATTERN=5 0x2
SWITCHPATTERN=0x4
SWITCHPATTERN=0x8
This step performs five writes to the same register:
• antenna 1 (data)=0001
10 • antenna 1 (guard/reference)=0001
• antenna 2=0010
• antenna 3=0100
• antenna 4=1000
3. Configure the four GPIOs (e.g., Pins 37 to 40 on the QFN48 package, P0.25-
15 P0.28):
PSEL.DFEGPIO[0]=0X19
PSEL.DFEGPIO[1]=0X1A
PSEL.DFEGPIO[2]=0X1B
PSEL.DFEGPIO[3]=0X1C
20 4. Enter DFECTRL2.TSWITCHOFFSET=0 to set the switch offset to zero.
5. Enter DIRSET=0x1E00000 to configure the four GPIOs as Output in the GPIO
peripheral.
18
6. Enter OUT=0x0200000 to set switch pattern 1 as the default output of the four
antenna switching GPIOs.
[0038] In an example embodiment, Setting up IQ sampling for the AoA receiver is
provided.
1. Enter DFECTRL1.SAMPLETYPE=0 (default) to set the sample type 5 to IQ format.
2. Enter DFEPACKET.PTR=0x20004000 to configure the DMA pointer to RAM. 3.
Enter DFEPACKET.MAXCNT=0x1C to configure the size of the reserved buffer.
4. Enter DFECTRL1.TSAMPLESPACINGREF=3 (default) to set the sample
spacing to 1 µs for the reference period.
10 5. Enter DFECTRL1.TSAMPLEOFFSET=3 to set sample offset to 1. Note: 1 is the
recommended value based on Radio Frequency testing.
6. Enter CTEINLINECONF.CTEINLINERXMODE1US=2 (default) to set sample
spacing to 2 µs for the sample slots with CTE inline mode.
7. If the SHORTS.READY_START register is enabled, enter TASKS_RXEN=1 to
15 start the receiver.
[0039] A representative hardware environment for practicing the embodiments herein
is depicted in FIG. 6, with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. This schematic drawing illustrates
a hardware configuration of a server 114 /computer system in accordance with the
embodiments herein. The server 114 /computer includes at least one processing device 10
20 and a cryptographic processor 11. The special-purpose CPU 10 and the cryptographic
processor (CP) 11 may be interconnected via system bus 14 to various devices such as a
random access memory (RAM) 15, read-only memory (ROM) 16, and an input/output (I/O)
adapter 17. The I/O adapter 17 can connect to peripheral devices, such as disk units 12 and
tape drives 13, or other program storage devices that are readable by the system. The server
25 114 / computer can read the inventive instructions on the program storage devices and follow
these instructions to execute the methodology of the embodiments herein. The server 114
19
/computer system further includes a user interface adapter 20 that connects a keyboard 18,
mouse 19, speaker 25, microphone 23, and/or other user interface devices such as a touch
screen device (not shown) to the bus 14 to gather user input. Additionally, a communication
adapter 21 connects the bus 14 to a data processing network 26, and a display adapter 22
connects the bus 14 to a display device 24, which provides a graphical user 5 interface (GUI)
30 of the output data in accordance with the embodiments herein, or which may be embodied
as an output device such as a monitor, printer, or transmitter, for example. Further, a
transceiver 27, a signal comparator 28, and a signal converter 29 may be connected with the
bus 14 for processing, transmission, receipt, comparison, and conversion of electric or
10 electronic signals.
[0040] The foregoing description of the specific embodiments will so fully reveal the
general nature of the embodiments herein that others can, by applying current knowledge,
readily modify and/or adapt for various applications such specific embodiments without
departing from the generic concept, and, therefore, such adaptations and modifications
15 should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of
the disclosed embodiments. It is to be understood that the phraseology or terminology
employed herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation. Therefore, while the
embodiments herein have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, those skilled in
the art will recognize that the embodiments herein can be practiced with modification within
20 the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

I/We Claim:

1. A system (100) for detecting and locating leakage in storage 1 boxes (102A-N)
2 comprising a liquid merchandise, wherein the system (100) comprises:
3 a plurality of hygrometers (104A-N) configured to detect a leakage condition in
4 the storage boxes (102A-N) comprising the liquid merchandise by sensing moisture due
5 to the leakage condition in any of the storage boxes (102A-N), wherein the plurality of
6 hygrometers (104A-N) are positioned horizontally with respect to a bottom surface of the
7 storage boxes (102A-N) for sensing the moisture due to the leakage condition comprising
8 the liquid merchandise;
9 a plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-N) configured to generate
10 Bluetooth signals when the moisture is sensed due to the leakage condition by the
11 plurality of hygrometers (104A-N), wherein each Bluetooth signal mesh tag is electrically
12 connected to corresponding hygrometer of corresponding storage box, wherein the
13 Bluetooth signals are communicated over a Bluetooth mesh network, wherein the
14 Bluetooth signals are generated by activating the plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags
15 (106A-N) through a digital signal sent by a plurality of comparators, wherein the digital
16 signal is generated when a short circuit is caused in the plurality of hygrometers (104A17
N) on detecting the leakage condition, wherein each comparator is electrically connected
18 to corresponding Bluetooth signal mesh tag of the corresponding storage box;
19 a plurality of angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array (110A-N) comprising a
20 plurality of receiver antennas positioned at a known location that receives the Bluetooth
21 signals from the plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-N), wherein the plurality
22 of receiver antennas sends the received Bluetooth signals to a server (114), wherein a first
23 receiver antenna sends a first Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a
21
second Bluetooth signal, wherein the plurality of receiver antennas are 24 communicatively
25 connected to the server (114);
26 the server (114); and
27 a memory that stores a set of instructions, which when executed by the server
28 (114), performs:
29 obtaining the Bluetooth signals from the plurality of angle of arrival
30 (AoA) antenna array (110A-N);
31 determining an angle of arrival of the Blue tooth signals, wherein the
32 angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals is measured by calculating a phase
33 difference between the first Bluetooth signal from the first receiver antenna and
34 the second Bluetooth signal from the second receiver antenna, wherein a phase of
35 a Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling IQ components of the Bluetooth
36 signal;
37 obtaining received signal strength indicator (RSSI) information of the
38 Bluetooth signals received at the plurality of angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array
39 (110A-N); and
40 analyzing, using an AOA estimation model, the angle of arrival of the
41 Bluetooth signals based on the RSSI information in conjunction with the known
42 positions of the plurality of angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array (110A-N) to
43 determine the location of storage boxes (102A-N) with the leakage condition.
1 2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the AOA estimation model
2 estimates the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals, wherein the AOA estimation model is
3 trained by (i) sampling N1 set of angle of arrival measurement values under a controlled
4 environment and sampling N2 set of the angle of arrival measurement values under the
5 controlled environment, (ii) performing a proximal policy optimization training on sampled
6 N1 set of angle of arrival measurement values, and sampled N2 set of angle of arrival
22
measurement values by correcting the obtained angle of arrival measurement 7 values after
8 testing the angle of arrival measurement values based on the proximal policy optimization,
9 wherein the AOA estimation model is trained using RSSI (received signal strength indicator)
10 information of the Bluetooth signals.
1 3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the server (114) communicates
2 the location of the storage boxes (102A-N) with the leakage condition to a user (116) by
3 generating an alert.
1 4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of
2 hygrometers (104A-N) comprises a leakage detection panel (402) for sensing the moisture
3 due to the leakage condition, wherein the leakage detection panel (402) is electrically
4 connected with corresponding comparator (404).
1 5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Bluetooth mesh network
2 supports signal propagation from center of a stack of the the storage boxes (102A-N)
3 comprising the liquid merchandise to a gateway.
1 6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the Bluetooth mesh network
2 comprises a plurality of nodes that exchange the Bluetooth signals received from the plurality
3 of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-B).
1
1 7. A method for detecting and locating leakage in storage boxes (102A-N) comprising
2 a liquid merchandise, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
3 detecting, using a plurality of hygrometers (104A-N) a leakage condition in the
4 storage boxes (102A-N) comprising the liquid merchandise by sensing moisture due to the
23
leakage condition in any of the storage boxes (102A-N), wherein the plurality 5 of hygrometers
6 (104A-N) are positioned horizontally with respect to a bottom surface of the storage boxes
7 (102A-N) for sensing the moisture due to the leakage condition comprising the liquid
8 merchandise;
9 generating, using a plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-N), Bluetooth
10 signals when the moisture is sensed due to the leakage condition by the plurality of
11 hygrometers (104A-N), wherein each Bluetooth signal mesh tag is electrically connected to
12 corresponding hygrometer of corresponding storage box, wherein the Bluetooth signals are
13 communicated over a Bluetooth mesh network, wherein the Bluetooth signals are generated
14 by activating the plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-N) through a digital signal
15 sent by a plurality of comparators, wherein the digital signal is generated when a short circuit
16 is caused in the plurality of hygrometers (104A-N) on detecting the leakage condition,
17 wherein each comparator is electrically connected to corresponding Bluetooth signal mesh
18 tag of corresponding storage box;
19 receiving, by a plurality of angle of arrival (AOA) antenna array (110A-N)
20 comprising a plurality of receiver antennas positioned at a known location, the Bluetooth
21 signals from the plurality of Bluetooth signal mesh tags (106A-N), wherein the plurality of
22 receiver antennas sends the received Bluetooth signals to a server (114), wherein a first
23 receiver antenna sends a first Bluetooth signal and a second receiver antenna sends a second
24 Bluetooth signal, wherein the plurality of receiver antennas are communicatively connected
25 to the server;
26 obtaining, by the server (114), the Bluetooth signals from the plurality of angle of
27 arrival (AoA) antenna array (110A-N);
28 determining an angle of arrival of the Blue tooth signals, wherein the angle of arrival
29 of the Bluetooth signals is measured by calculating a phase difference between the first
30 Bluetooth signal from the first receiver antenna and the second Bluetooth signal from the
31 second receiver antenna, wherein a phase of a Bluetooth signal is determined by sampling
32 IQ components of the Bluetooth signal;
24
obtaining received signal strength indicator (RSSI) information 33 of the Bluetooth
34 signals received at the plurality of angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array (110A-N); and
35 analyzing, using an AoA estimation model, the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth
36 signals based on the RSSI information in conjunction with the known positions of the
37 plurality of angle of arrival (AoA) antenna array (110A-N) to determine the location of
38 storage boxes (102A-N) with the leakage condition.
1 8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the AoA estimation model estimates
2 the angle of arrival of the Bluetooth signals, wherein the AoA estimation model is trained by,
3 (i) sampling N1 set of the angle of arrival measurement values under a controlled
4 environment and sampling N2 set of the angle of arrival measurement values under the
5 controlled environment, (ii) performing a proximal policy optimization training on the
6 sampled N1 set of angle of arrival measurement values, and the sampled N2 set of angle of
7 arrival measurement values by correcting the obtained angle of arrival measurement value
8 after testing the angle of arrival measurement values based on the proximal policy
9 optimization, wherein the AoA estimation model is trained using RSSI information of the
10 Bluetooth signals.
1 9. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the server (114) communicates the
2 location of the storage box (102A-N) with the leakage condition to a user (116) by generating
3 an alert.
1 10. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein each of the plurality of hygrometers
2 (104A-N) comprises a leakage detection panel (402) for sensing the moisture due to the
3 leakage condition, wherein the leakage detection panel (402) is electrically connected with
4 corresponding comparator (404), wherein the Bluetooth mesh network supports signal
5 propagation from center of a stack of the storage boxes (102A-N) comprising the liquid
25
merchandise to a gateway, wherein the Bluetooth mesh network comprises 6 a plurality of
7 nodes that exchange the Bluetooth signals received from the plurality of Bluetooth signal
8 mesh tags (106A-N).