BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0001] The present subject matter relates generally to wind turbines and, more
particularly, to a system and method for performing one or more inspection tests on a
lightning protection system (LPS) of a wind turbine.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Wind power is considered one of the cleanest, most environmentally friendly
energy sources presently available, and wind turbines have gained increased attention in
this regard. A modern wind turbine typically includes a tower, generator, gearbox, nacelle,
and one or more rotor blades. The rotor blades capture kinetic energy from wind using
known foil principles and transmit the kinetic energy through rotational energy to turn a
shaft coupling the rotor blades to a gearbox, or if a gearbox is not used, directly to the
generator. The generator then converts the mechanical energy to electrical energy that may
be deployed to a utility grid.
[0003] In general, maintenance operations are routinely performed on wind turbine
components to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the wind turbine. For example,
one such maintenance operation may include performing test on the LPS of a wind turbine,
such as continuity test or determining the resistance of the LPS of a wind turbine. As is
generally known, wind turbines typically include aLPS having one or more lightning
receptors disposed on the exterior of the rotor blades and a lightning conductor coupled to
one or more lightning receptor(s) and extending through the wind turbine to a ground
located at the base of the tower. Thus, when lightning strikes the rotor blade, the electrical
current may flow through the one or more lightning receptor and may be conducted
through the lightning conductor to the ground.
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[0004] Accordingly, to ensure that the LPS is operating properly, one or more tests
may be performed to determine whether the electrical circuit formed by the system is open
or closed and/or measure the resistance in the lighting conducting system. To perform such
test, it is generally necessary for a service/maintenance worker to gain access to the one or
more blade lightning receptors of the LPS such that electrical testing equipment may be
coupled to the one or more lightning receptors. In continuity testing, the electrical testing
equipment is further coupled to a portion of the lightning conductor of the LPS disposed
adjacent to the ground. As such, known testing procedures require that the worker be sent
up in a crane, basket or other suitable equipment or methods, such as the use of a rope
crew, in order to permit access to the lightning receptor. However, such equipment is
generally very expensive to procure and operate. Additionally, the process of transporting
the worker up to the location of each of the one or more lightning receptors can be very
time consuming and can impart undue safety concerns.
[0005] Accordingly, there is a need for an effective and low cost system for
performing tests, such as one or more of a continuity test and a resistance test, on the LPS
of a wind turbine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0006] Aspects and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in part in the
following description, or may be obvious from the description, or may be learned through
practice of the disclosure.
[0007] In one aspect, the present subject matter discloses a system for performing
one or more tasks on aLPS of a wind turbine. The system generally includes a cable
having a first end attached to an up-tower anchor point and a robotic testing device. The
cable extends toward a tower support surface such that a lightning receptor of the LPS and
is generally disposed between the up-tower anchor point and the tower support surface.
The robotic testing device includes an attachment mechanism, and aLPS test probe. The
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attachment mechanism is configured for positioning about at least a portion of an outer
perimeter of a rotor blade of the wind turbine and clamped thereto the rotor blade. The
LPS test probe is coupled to a robotic end effector. The robotic end effector is moveable to
position the LPS test probe in contact with the lightning receptor of the LPS. The system
further including one or more tag lines coupled to the robotic testing device and a remote
monitoring and control interface. The remote monitoring and control interface is operable
to remotely clamp the robotic testing device to the rotor blade and perform the one or more
LPS inspection tests. The cable is coupled to the up-tower anchor point such that, the
robotic testing device is movable to a position at which the LPS test probe contacts the
lightning receptor.
[0008] In another aspect, the present subject matter discloses a system for performing
one or more inspection tests on a lightning protection system (LPS) of a wind turbine. The
system includes a cable having a first end attached to an up-tower anchor point and a
robotic testing device. The cable extends toward a tower support surface such that a
lightning receptor of the LPS is generally disposed between the up-tower anchor point and
the tower support surface. The robotic testing device including a plurality of clamping
arms configured to be positioned about at least a portion of an outer perimeter of a rotor
blade of the wind turbine and aLPS test probe coupled to a robotic end effector. At least a
portion of an inner surface of each of the plurality of clamping arms engages at least a
portion of an outer surface of the rotor blade. The robotic end effector includes remote
actuation to position the LPS test probe in contact with the lightning receptor of the LPS.
The system further including one or more tag lines coupled to the robotic testing device
and a remote monitoring and control interface operable to clamp the robotic testing device
to the rotor blade, control the end effector and perform one or more LPS tests. The cabler
is coupled to the up-tower anchor point such that the robotic testing device is movable to a
position at which the LPS test probe contacts the lightning receptor.
[0009] In a further aspect, the present subject matter discloses a method for
performing one or more tests on a lightning protection system (LPS) of a wind turbine.
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The method includes coupling a cable at an up-tower anchor point, displacing the cable
toward the support surface, coupling a robotic testing device to the cable, displacing the
cable such that the robotic testing device is moved to a position between the up-tower
anchor point and a support surface, and adjacent a rotor blade of the wind turbine,
clamping the robotic testing device to the rotor blade of the wind turbine and contacting a
LPS test probe of the robotic testing device to the lightning receptor. The step of coupling
the cable at the up-tower anchor point includes coupling such that a lightning receptor of
the LPS is generally disposed between the up-tower anchor point and the support surface.
The robotic testing device includes one or more tag lines coupled thereto.
[0010] These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will
become better understood with reference to the following description and appended claims.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this
specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and, together with the description,
serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best
mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification,
which makes reference to the appended figures, in which:
[0012] FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a system for
performing tests on aLPS of a wind turbine including a robotic testing device, in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0013] FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 during
the positioning of the robotic testing device adjacent the rotor blade, in accordance with
one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
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[0014] FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a system for
performing tests during the positioning of the robotic testing device adjacent the rotor
blade, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 4 illustrates a partial perspective view of the system illustrated in FIGs. 1
and 2 during the positioning of the robotic testing device adjacent the rotor blade, in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 5 is an aerial view of the system illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 2 utilizing one
or more tag lines during the positioning of the robotic testing device, in accordance with
one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of a robotic testing
device, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a robotic
testing device, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a robotic
testing device, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a robotic
testing device, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a robotic testing
device including an end effector in a retracted position, in accordance with one or more
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the robotic testing device of FIG. 10
including the end effector in an extended position, in accordance with one or more
embodiments of the present disclosure;
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[0023] FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a robotic
testing device including an end effector in a retracted position, in accordance with one or
more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the robotic testing device ofFIG. 12
including the end effector in an extended position, in accordance with one or more
embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 14 illustrates an overview of a method for performing LPS testing, in
accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 15 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 16 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 17 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 18 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 19 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 13, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 20 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0032] FIG. 21 illustrates a detailed step in the method for performing LPS testing of
FIG. 14, in accordance with one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.
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[0033] Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is
intended to represent the same or analogous features or elements of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] Reference now will be made in detail to embodiments of the disclosure, one
or more examples of which are illustrated in the drawings. Each example is provided by
way of explanation of the disclosure, not limitation of the disclosure. In fact, it will be
apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in
the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. For
instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment can be used with
another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the
present disclosure covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the
appended claims and their equivalents.
[0035] Referring to the drawings, FIGs.1-4 illustrate an embodiment of a system 100
for performing a test on the LPS 20 of a wind turbine 10 in accordance with aspects of the
present disclosure. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment of
the disclosed system 100 prior to hoisting of the robotic testing device up-tower. FIG. 2
illustrates a perspective view of disclosed system 100 of FIG. 1, subsequent to hoisting of
the robotic testing device up-tower. FIG. 23 illustrates a perspective view of an alternate
system 200, subsequent to hoisting of the robotic testing device up-tower. FIGs. 4 and 5
illustrate a partial, perspective view and an aerial view, respectively, of the embodiment of
the system 100 shown in FIGs. 1 and 2. It should be understood that although testing of an
LPS is disclosed herein and described in conjunction with the figures, other types of
maintenance and testing, such as leading edge (LE) inspection, enhanced inspections
beyond visual such as ultra sound, drain hole cleaning, LE cleaning and de-icing, LE
protection taping/spraying, repair tasks such as drill and fill, vortex generator installation,
lighting damage repair, etc. may utilize a robotic testing device, attachment mechanism,
end effector and if necessitated, a tag line configuration as disclosed herein.
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[0036] Referring particularly to FIG. 1, the illustrated wind turbine 10 generally
includes a tower 12 with a nacelle 14 mounted thereon. Additionally, a plurality of rotor
blades 16 may be mounted to a rotor hub 18, which may be, in tum, connected to a main
flange that turns a rotor shaft of the wind turbine 10. Further, the wind turbine power
generation and control components (e.g., a generator and a turbine controller) may
generally be housed within the nacelle 14.
[0037] The wind turbine 10 may also include the LPS 20 configured to protect the
wind turbine 10 and its components from lightning strikes. Specifically, the LPS 20 may
include one or more electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 generally disposed on an
exterior surface of each rotor blade 16. For example, in one embodiment, the LPS 20 may
include a single lightning receptor 22 disposed generally adjacent to the tip 24 of each rotor
blade 16. In other embodiments, the LPS 20 may include any number of lightning receptors
22 disposed at any suitable locations along the span "S" (FIG. 1) of each rotor blade 16. It
should be appreciated that each lightning receptor 22 may generally be formed from any
suitable electrically conductive material so as to permit the one or more electrically
conductive lightning receptors 22 to conduct the electrical current resulting from a
lightning strike. For example, in one embodiment, the one or more electrically conductive
lightning receptors 22 may comprise copper lightning receptors. Additionally, each of the
one or more electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 may generally be coupled to a
suitable lightning conductor 26 (e.g., a metal wire or any other suitable electrically
conducing wire) running from each receptor 22 through the wind turbine 10 to the base of
the tower 12, where it is connected to a ground 28. As such, when a lightning strike occurs,
the electrical current from the strike may flow through one or more electrically conductive
lightning receptors 22 and may be conducted through the lightning conductor 26 to the
ground 28 thereby preventing damage to the wind turbine 10.
[0038] It should be appreciated that the wind turbine 10 of FIG. 1 is generally
provided for illustrative purposes only to place the present subject matter in an exemplary
field of use. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that the disclosed
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system 100 need be not limited to any particular type of wind turbine configuration or any
particular LPS configuration.
[0039] To ensure that the LPS 20 is operating properly, one or more tests, such as a
continuity test and resistance test, may be performed using the presently disclosed system
100. As shown in FIGs. 1 and 2, the system 100 may generally include a robotic testing
device 102 configured for transport vertically relative to the wind turbine 10. In general,
the robotic testing device 102 may be configured such that, when properly positioned
relative to a rotor blade 16 of the wind turbine 10, aLPS test probe (described presently) of
the robotic testing device 102, such as a resistance measurement probe, may form an
electrical connection or may otherwise electrically contact one of the one or more
electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 disposed on the blade 16. The system 100
may also include a cable 108 secured to the robotic testing device 102. The cable 108 may
generally be coupled to an up-tower anchor point 110 on the wind turbine 10, such as on
the nacelle 14. More particularly, the cable 108 has a first end 112 coupled to the up-tower
anchor point 110. The cable 108 extends from the up-tower anchor point 110 toward a
support surface 114 such that the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to be
contacted by the LPS test probe of the robotic testing device 102 is disposed between the
up-tower anchor point 110 and the support surface 114. In an exemplary embodiment, the
up-tower anchor point 110 is a winch 116, such as a motorized winch, coupled to the
nacelle 14. In another embodiment, the up-tower anchor point 110 may comprise any
structure capable of anchoring the cable 108 up-tower, as described herein. As illustrated in
FIG. 1, an up-tower operator 118 positions the cable 108 to the up-tower anchor point 110.
In an embodiment, an opening (not shown) may be formed in the nacelle 14 and through
which the able 108 may be passed.
[0040] It should also be appreciated that, although the present subject matter is
generally described as utilizing the winch 116 to allow the cable 108 to move, slide or
otherwise be displaced relative to the up-tower anchor point 110 and the support surface
114, any suitable structure, device and/or configuration may generally be utilized to permit
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such relative displacement. For example, the cable 108 may be coupled to the wind turbine
10 using another type of motorized device, a sprocket arrangement, or any other suitable
device/mechanism that permits the cable 108 to be displaced relative to the anchor point
110. In another embodiment, the cable 108 may be coupled to the wind turbine 10 and/or
using a pulley by inserting the cable 108 through a guide ring, guide hook, eyelet or any
other suitable structure formed on or attached to the wind turbine 10 and using a pulley
system that permits the cable 108 to be displaced between the anchor point 110 and the
support surface 114. Various other suitable structures, devices and/or configurations for
providing relative displacement of the cable 108 between the up-tower anchor point 110
and the support surface 114 should be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. In yet
another alternate embodiment, displacement of the cable 108 is not required, and rather the
robotic testing unit 102 is configured as a self-climbing robotic unit, meaning that the
winch 116 or other device to feed the cable 108 through is on board robotic testing unit 102
and not offboard.
[0041] Referring more specifically to FIGs. 1 and 2, in the illustrated embodiment,
the plurality of rotor blades 16 are positioned in a manner aligning the rotor blade 16 to be
tested in a generally 6 o'clock position with the leading edge toward the tower 12. IN an
alternate embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 3, the plurality of rotor blades 16 are positioned
in generally upside-down "Y" position, and more specifically, in a manner aligning the
rotor blade 16 to be tested in a generally 8 o'clock position with the leading edge facing
away from the tower 12.
[0042] As shown in FIGs. 1-3, the cable 108 is coupled to the robotic testing device
102. One or more additional cables 120 may be coupled between the robotic testing device
102 and the cable 108 to stabilize and/or guide the robotic testing device 102 during
movement of the robotic testing device 102. Thus, when the cable 108 is displaced (such as
by winching), the robotic testing device 102 may be raised and/or lowered between the uptower
anchor point 110 and the support surface 114 to a location generally adjacent to the
rotor blade 16 such that the LPS test probe of the robotic testing device 102 is positioned to
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contact and, thus, form an electrical connection with the electrically conductive lightning
receptor 22.
[0043] As illustrated in FIGs. 2 and 5, prior to displacement of the cable 108 and
hoisting of the robotic testing device 102 in an upward direction, such as by winching, one
or more tag lines 122, also commonly referred to as pull cords, rap lines, guide lines, or the
like, are coupled to the robotic testing device 102 and provide guidance of the robotic
testing device 102 during positioning adjacent the rotor blade 16. In the embodiment of
FIGs. 1-5, two tag lines 122 are illustrated with each extending from the robotic testing
device 102 to a first and second ground operator 124. In an alternate embodiment, one of
the two tag lines 122 may be coupled to a fixed anchor point (not shown). In yet another
alternate embodiment, a single tag line 122 that extends from the robotic testing device 102
to the ground operator 124 may be utilized. It should be understood that any number of tag
lines 122 may be used to provide guidance of the robotic testing device 102 during
positioning adjacent the rotor blade 16.
[0044] More particularly, in several embodiments, the one or more tag lines 122 of
the present subject matter may be anchored to the support surface 114 using any suitable
anchoring member which is configured to anchor or otherwise maintain the one or more
tag lines 122 on or adjacent to the support surface 114. Thus, in the embodiment shown in
FIGs. 2-5, the one or more tag lines 122 may be anchored by a service/maintenance
worker, such as the one or more ground operators 124, by having the one or more operators
simply hold the one or more tag lines 122. In an alternate embodiment, one or more of the
one or more tag lines 122 may be anchored to the support surface 114 using a screw anchor
configured to be screwed into or otherwise attached to the support surface 114. In other
embodiments, one or more of the one or more tag lines 122 may comprise any other
suitable rope anchors, stakes, tie downs or the like which may be removably or nonremovably
attached to the support surface 114. Alternatively, one or more of the one or
more tag lines 122 may be configured to be simply disposed on or adjacent to the support
surface 114 (i.e., not attached to the support surface 114). For example, one or more of the
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one or more tag lines 122 may be anchored to the support surface 114 using a relatively
heavy object (e.g., sandbags, liquid filled containers, weights, and/or any other suitable
weighted objects), a vehicle (e.g., a work truck) or any other suitable item/object that may
serve to anchor or otherwise maintain a portion of the one or more of the one or more tag
lines 122 on or adjacent to the support surface 114.
[0045] The disclosed system 100 may also include an extension lead 126 (e.g., a
metal wire or any other suitable lead formed from an electrically conductive material)
having a first end 128 connected to the LPS test probe of the robotic testing device 102 and
a second end 130 disposed adjacent the support surface 114 of the wind turbine 10. The
extension lead 126 may generally be configured to extend from the LPS test probe of the
robotic testing device 102 toward the support surface 114 to permit a service/maintenance
worker, such as the one or more ground operators 124, located on or adjacent to the support
surface 114 to perform test, such as resistance and/or continuity, of the LPS 20. In
particular, when an electrical connection is made between the LPS test probe of the robotic
testing device 102 and the lightning receptor 22, an electrical circuit is formed between the
extension lead 126 and the ground 28. Thus, it should be appreciated by those of ordinary
skill in the art that the electrical properties of the circuit (e.g., the resistance) may then be
tested/measured in order to determine whether the LPS 20 is properly conducting electrical
current from the one or more electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 through the
lightning conductor 26 to the ground 28. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, the electrical
properties of the circuit may be measured by coupling a suitable electrical device, such as a
remote monitoring and control interface device 132, to the second end 130 of the extension
lead 126 and/or coupling the suitable electrical device 132 to the second end 130 of the
extension lead 126 and a portion 134 of the lightning conductor 26 disposed adjacent to the
ground 28. Specifically, in one embodiment, the electrical device, and more particularly the
remote monitoring and control interface device 132 may comprise a multimeter, a
specialized resistance tester, a specialized continuity tester or any other suitable electrical
testing/measurement device which is configured to supply a voltage through the circuit
formed by the LPS 20 and measure current and/or voltage through the circuit such that the
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resistance may be determined, whether the circuit is opened or closed, or whether the LPS
20 is otherwise functioning properly. In addition, the remote monitoring and control
interface device 132 may comprise a user interface providing control of the positioning of
the LPS test probe (described presently). In an alternate embodiment, the remote
monitoring and control interface device 132 may be provided up-tower and wirelessly
operable either onsite, or remotely, such as through a web application, to view camera feed
from, collect data, and/or control positioning and functioning of the robotic control device
102.
[0046] In order to locate the robotic testing device 102 in a position that permits the
LPS test probe to contact one of the electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 of the
LPS 20, the cable 108 of the disclosed system 100 may generally be configured such that,
as the cable 108 is displaced, such as by the winch 116, the position of the robotic testing
device 102 relative to the up-tower anchor point 110 and the electrically conductive
lightning receptor 22 to be contacted, may be vertically adjusted. Thus, the cable 108 may
generally include the first end 112 coupled to the up-tower anchor point 110 and a second
end 136 that is coupled to the robotic testing device 102 by the ground operator 124. For
example, as shown in the illustrated embodiment, the first end 112 of the cable 108 may be
attached to the up-tower anchor point 110 and, upon displacement of the second end 136 of
the cable 108 to the support surface 114, the second end 136 of the cable 108 may be
attached to the robotic testing device 102. However, it should be appreciated that the
second end 136 of the cable 108 may generally be secured to the robotic testing device 102
at any suitable location and need not be attached to the robotic testing device 102 at the
particular location illustrated in FIGs. 1-5.
[0047] It should be appreciated that the first end 112 of the cable 108 may generally
be attached to the wind turbine 10 to the up-tower anchor point 110, using any suitable
means known in the art. Additionally, it should be appreciated that the second end 136 of
the cable 108, may be attached to the robotic testing device 102 using any suitable
attachment mechanism and/or method. Similarly, to provide further stabilization of the
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robotic testing device 102, the one or more additional cables 120 may be attached to the
robotic testing device 102 and the cable 108 using any suitable attachment mechanism
and/or method. For instance, the first end 112 of the cable 108 may be coupled to the
nacelle 14, via the winch 116, using an attachment ring or clip (e.g., carabineer). Similarly,
the second end 136 of the cable 108, and the one or more additional cables 120, may be
attached to the robotic testing device 102 using an attachment ring or clip. However, in
alternative embodiments, the first and second ends 112, 136 of the cable 108 may be
attached to the anchor point 110 and the robotic testing device 102, respectively, using
mechanical fasteners (e.g., screws, bolts, brackets and the like), cables, tape, adhesives or
using any other suitable attachment mechanism and/or method. For example, in several
embodiments, the second end 136 of the cable 108, and the one or more additional cables
120, may be attached by being tied, clipped, glued, taped, bonded, and/or mechanically
fastened to the robotic testing device 102.
[0048] In the illustrated embodiment, when the cable 108 is displaced, such as by
winching by the winch 116, in a direction towards the up-tower anchor point 110, the
robotic testing device 102 is raised vertically relative to the wind turbine 10. Similarly,
when the cable 108 is otherwise displaced, such as by the winch 116, in a direction towards
the support surface 114, the robotic testing device 102 is lowered vertically relative to the
wind turbine 10. Thus, by displacing the cable 108, the vertical positioning of the robotic
testing device 102 may be adjusted such that the robotic testing device 102 may be raised
and/or lowered to a suitable height for performing the desired test on the LPS 20.
[0049] Referring still to FIGs. 1-5, the up-tower anchor point 110 and the support
surface 114 may generally define the maximum and minimum vertical positions for the
robotic testing device 102, with the cable 108 defining the path along which the robotic
testing device 102 may be vertically moved between the up-tower anchor point 110 and the
support surface 114. As such, it should be appreciated that the up-tower anchor point 110 is
spaced apart from the support surface 114, vertically so that the electrically conductive
lightning receptor 22 to be contacted by the LPS test probe is generally disposed between
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the up-tower anchor point 110 and the support surface 114. For example, as shown in FIGs.
1 and 2, the up-tower anchor point 110 may generally be disposed on or adjacent to the
nacelle 14 and the support surface 114 may generally be the surface on which the wind
turbine 10 is supported (e.g., the natural ground/earth and/or any man-made surface, such
as a concrete pad). Thus, in one embodiment, the robotic testing device 102 may be raised
and/or lowered between the support surface 114 and the nacelle 14, thereby permitting the
robotic testing device 102 to be moved onto and/or adjacent to any portion of the rotor
blade 16 at which the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 may be located.
[0050] In alternative embodiments, it should be appreciated that the up-tower anchor
point 110 need not be defined at the location illustrated in FIGs. 1 and 2. For example, the
up-tower anchor point 110 may generally be defined at any suitable location on the wind
turbine 10 that is disposed up-tower of the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to
be contacted by the LPS test probe of the robotic testing device 102. As used herein, the
term "up-tower" refers to any location on and/or adjacent to a component of the wind
turbine 10 that is vertically above the location of the electrically conductive lightning
receptor 22 to be contacted when the rotor blade 16 is facing vertically downward (i.e.,
when the tip 24 of the rotor blade 16 is pointed towards the support surface 114). Thus, in
embodiments in which the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to be contacted is
disposed generally adjacent the blade tip 24, the up-tower anchor point 110 may be
disposed on or adjacent to any suitable wind turbine component or any section of a wind
turbine component that is disposed up-tower of the tip 24 of the rotor blade 16. Thus, in
various embodiments of the present subject matter, the up-tower anchor point 110 may be
disposed on or adjacent to the hub 18 and the nacelle 14, as well as on or adjacent to the
up-tower sections of the tower 12 and the rotor blades 16.
[0051] It should be appreciated that, in properly positioning the robotic testing device
102 adjacent to the rotor blade 16 of the wind turbine 10, the location of the one or more
tag lines 122 and the cable 108 may be adjusted along the support surface 114 to permit the
vertical path and/or the horizontal positioning of the robotic testing device 102 to be altered
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as the robotic testing device 102 is moved by the cable 108 and the one or more tag lines
122. As such, the robotic testing device 102 may be properly oriented with respect to the
rotor blade 16 and/or the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 as the robotic testing
device 10 is raised, lowered and/or horizontally displaced. For example, the cable 108 and
the one or more tag lines 122 may be configured to move the robotic testing device 102
closer to and/or further away from the wind turbine tower 12 and/or to be moved around
the circumference of the tower 12 to alter the position of the robotic testing device 102 and,
thus, adjust the travel path of the robotic testing device 102 with respect to the rotor blade
16 and/or the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to be contacted. In the illustrated
embodiment the one or more ground operators 124 serve to horizontally displace the
robotic testing device 102 by simply walking along the support surface 114 to permit the
rotor blade 16 and/or the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to be accessible to
the LPS test probe of the robotic testing device 102 as the robotic testing device 10 is
raised and/or lowered.
[0052] The robotic testing device 102 ofFIGs. 1-5 may generally be configured to
transport the LPS test probe between the up-tower anchor point 110 and the support surface
114 so as to position the LPS test probe relative to the one or more electrically conductive
lightning receptors 22. As such, it should be appreciated that the robotic testing device 102
may generally have any suitable size, shape and/or dimensions that permits the cable 108,
the one or more additional cables 120 and the one or more tag lines 122 to be secured
thereto, while providing clamping to the rotor blade 16 (described presently).
[0053] Referring now to FIGs. 6 and 7, an embodiment of a robotic testing device
140, generally similar to robotic testing device 102 of FIGs. 1-5, is illustrated. It is again
noted that repeat use of reference characters throughout the embodiments is intended to
represent the same or analogous features or elements. In this particular embodiment, the
robotic testing device 140 is configured having generally open geometry shape when
attached to the rotor blade 16. More particularly, the robotic testing device 140 is
comprised of an attachment mechanism 141. In the illustrated embodiments, the
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attachment mechanism is comprised of at least two arms, and more particularly a first arm
142 and a second arm 144 (as shown by dotted line). In an alternate embodiment, any
number of arms, similar to first and second arms 142, 144 may be implemented. The first
and second arms 142, 144 may generally have any suitable dimensions (e.g. height, width,
thickness) and/or shape. Additionally, the first and second arms 142, 144 may generally be
formed from any suitable material. However, in a particular embodiment of the present
subject matter, the first and second arms 142, 144 may be formed from a relatively
lightweight material (e.g., aluminum, wood, polymers and/or any other suitable lightweight
materials) so as to reduce the overall weight of the system. At least one of the first and
second arms 142, 144 is actuable to provide for clamping to an exterior surface 17 of the
one or more rotor blades 16, about a perimeter of the rotor blade 16, in combination with
the other of the arms 142, 144. More particularly, as illustrated in FIGs. 6 and 7, the first
arm 142 is actuatable to provide clamping to an exterior surface 17 of the one or more rotor
blades, and the second arm 144 is non-clamping and may optionally include articulation
with a resistance (i.e. a spring or piston) to control an over-clamp condition. To provide for
clamping, at least one of the first and second arms 142, 144 includes a clamping surface
143 that at least partially engages the exterior surface 17 of the rotor blade 16 when
positioned adjacent the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22. In an alternate
embodiment, the first and second arms 142, 144 may each be configured as a clamping arm
and actuable to provide clamping to an exterior surface 17 of the one or more rotor blades.
[0054] In yet another alternate embodiment, the robotic testing device 140 is
comprised of at least two arms, and more particularly a first arm 142 and a second arm 144
that in lieu of clamping, are configured to include a cinching rope, suction cups, sticky feet,
inflating balloon ring, perching drone, etc. to provide coupling of the at least two arms 142,
144 to the exterior surface 17 of the one or more rotor blades 16. In yet another alternate
embodiment, coupling to the to the exterior surface 17 of the one or more rotor blades 16
may include two sets of self-propelled, rotating angle, roller wheels that have no active
articulation but spread a taught suspension mechanism when "driven" onto the leading
edge ofblade 16.
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[0055] In the embodiment ofFIGs. 6 and 7, the robotic testing device 140 further
includes a robotic end effector 146, such as an articulating robotic arm 147, coupled to the
first and second arms 142, 144. The robotic end effector 146 is configured for articulation
by one or more of the up-tower operator 118 (FIG. 2) and/or the one or more ground
operators 124 (FIG. 2) so as to be position the LPS test probe 148 in alignment with the
electrically conductive lighting receptor 22. In an alternate embodiment, the robotic end
effector 146 is configured as a tool, or to hold a tool, that may be necessary to carry out the
inspection and/or maintenance to which it is being utilized. The robotic end effector 146
may be articulated by at least one of the one or more ground operators 124 (FIG. 2) via the
remote monitoring and control interface device 132. In an embodiment, the robotic end
effector 146 is configured to be pivotally attached to the first and second arms 142, 144. In
an embodiment, the LPS test probe 148 is coupled to the robotic end effector 146 using one
or more mounting devices and/or mounting platforms (not shown). In general, it should be
appreciated that the LPS test probe 148 of the present subject may generally have any
suitable configuration that permits the LPS test probe 148 to be positioned onto or
positioned to otherwise make contact with the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22
of the LPS 20. In the embodiment ofFIG. 6, the robotic testing device 102, and more
particularly, the first and second arms 142, 144 are positioned to clamp to the rotor blade
16 below the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22, such that the robotic testing
device 102 is positioned vertically between the electrically conductive lightning receptor
22 and the support surface 114. In the embodiment ofFIG. 7, the robotic testing device
102, and more particularly, the first and second arms 142, 144 are positioned to clamp to
the rotor blade 16 above the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22, such that the
robotic testing device 102 is positioned vertically between the up-tower anchor point 110
and the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22. Thus, one of ordinary skill in the art
should appreciate that various different testing device configurations may be utilized
within the scope of the present disclosure.
[0056] Referring now to FIGs. 8 and 9, another embodiment of a robotic testing
device 150 is illustrated and may be configured having generally closed geometry shape
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when clamped to the rotor blade 16. In general, the illustrated robotic testing device 150
may include the same or similar components and may be configured similarly to the
robotic testing device 140 described above with reference to FIGs. 6 and 7, except for the
below noted differences. The robotic testing device 150 may generally be configured to
slide onto, fit over or otherwise be positioned around at least a portion of a rotor blade 16
of the wind turbine 10. More particularly, the robotic testing device 150 is comprised of a
first arm 152 and a second arm 154. The first and second arms 152, 154 may generally
have any suitable dimensions (e.g. height, width, thickness) and/or shape. Additionally, the
first and second arms 152, 154 may generally be formed from any suitable lightweight
material as previously described, so as to reduce the overall weight of the system. The first
and second arms 152, 154 are configured for clamping to the exterior surface 17 of the one
or more rotor blades 16 and about a substantial perimeter of the rotor blade 16. In contrast
to the embodiment of FIGs. 5 and 6, in this particular embodiment, the first and second
arms 152, 154 completely encircle the rotor blade 16 when in a clamped, closed position.
To provide for clamping, each of the first and second arms 152, 154 includes a clamping
surface 153 that engages with the exterior surface 17 of the rotor blade when positioned
adjacent the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22.
[0057] Specifically, the robotic testing device 150 may be configured such that, when
the first and second arms 152,154 are clamped to the rotor blade 16, aLPS test probe 148
of the robotic testing device 150 is positioned to make electrical contact with the
electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 of the LPS 20. Accordingly, it should be
appreciated that the shape, size and/or configuration of the first and second arms 152, 154,
as well as the relative positioning of the robotic testing device 150 to the rotor blade 16,
may generally vary from wind turbine to wind turbine depending on numerous factors
including, but not limited to, the shape, size and/or configuration of the rotor blade 16 and
the positioning of the electrically conductive lightning receptors 22 on the rotor blade 16.
[0058] Similar to the previous embodiment, in the embodiment of FIGs. 8 and 9, the
robotic testing device 150 further includes a robotic end effector 146, such as a moveable
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robotic arm 147, coupled to the first and second arms 152, 154. The robotic end effector
146 is configured for articulation by one or more of the up-tower operator 118 (FIG. 2)
and/or the one or more ground operators 124 (FIG. 2) so as to be position aLPS test probe
148 in alignment with the electrically conductive lighting receptor 22. The robotic end
effector 146 may be articulated by at least one of the one or more ground operators 124
(FIG. 2) via the remote monitoring and control interface device 132. The robotic end
effector 146 is coupled to the first and second arms 152, 154. The robotic end effector 146
having coupled thereto the LPS test probe 148. The LPS test probe 148 is positioned onto
or positioned to otherwise make contact with the electrically conductive lightning receptor
22 of the LPS 20. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, the robotic testing device 150, and more
particularly, the first and second arms 152, 154 are positioned to clamp about the rotor
blade 16 below the lightning receptor 22, such that the robotic testing device 150 is
positioned vertically between the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 and the
support surface 114. In the embodiment ofFIG. 8, the robotic testing device 150, and more
particularly, the first and second arms 152, 154 are positioned to clamp to the rotor blade
16 above the lightning receptor 22, such that the robotic testing device 102 is positioned
vertically between the up-tower anchor point 110 and the lightning receptor 22. In addition,
in the embodiment ofFIGs. 8 and 9, the robotic testing device 150 includes a probe
alignment feature 156 to provide alignment and guidance of the LPS test probe 148 in a
manner to effect contact with the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 of the LPS
20. In this particular embodiment, in the presence of an electrically conductive lightning
receptor 22 that is elevated above the exterior surface 17 of the rotor blade 16, the probe
alignment feature 156 is slidably guided along the electrically conductive lightning
receptor 22 to align the LPS test probe 148 with the lightning receptor 22. In an alternate
embodiment, the robotic test device 150 does not include a probe alignment feature.
[0059] Referring now to FIGs. 10 and 11, illustrated is a perspective view of another
embodiment of a robotic testing device 160 for performing one or more inspection test on
the LPS 20 of a wind turbine 10. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the robotic
testing device 160 generally includes a first arm 142 and a second arm 144, such as
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previously described with regard to FIGs. 6 and 7. In this particular embodiment, in lieu of
a robotic arm 147 as the robotic end effector 146 as in the embodiments ofFIGs. 6-9,
included is a robotic end effector 146 including a support rail 162 and two or more
cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms 164. The support rail 162 may
generally comprise any suitable structural member configured to support the two or more
cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms 164 and the LPS test probe 148.
Illustrated in FIG. 10 are the two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end effector
arms 164 in a retracted position. Illustrated in FIG. 11 are the two or more cooperatively
engaged extendable end effector arms 164 in extended position so as to position the LPS
test probe 148 in contact with the lightning receptor 22. As illustrated the two or more
cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms 164, and thus the LPS test probe 148,
are moveable vertically along the support rail 162 as the robotic testing device 102 is
positioned relative to the lightning receptor 22. Thus, the support rail 162 may generally
include a first end 166 configured to be coupled to the first arm 142 and the second arm
144, and extending therefrom using any suitable mechanical fasteners, such as bolts,
screws, clips, tape, glue, adhesives, brackets and the like and/or using any suitable
attachment method (e.g., bonding, welding and the like). However, in a particular
embodiment of the present subject matter, the first end 166 of the support rail 162 may be
configured to be pivotally coupled to the first and second arms 142, 144 using any means
that permits the support rail 162 to pivot or otherwise move about its attachment point. For
example, the support rail 162 may be coupled to the first and second arms 142, 144 using a
ball and socket, by loosely attaching the support rail 162 onto a pin or bolt extending
through the support rail 162 or using any other suitable pivotal attachment mechanism
and/or method.
[0060] It should be appreciated that, in alternative embodiments of the present
subject matter, the support rail 162 and the first and second arms 142, 144 need not be
formed as separate components. For instance, in one embodiment, the support rail 162 and
the first and second arms 142, 144 may be formed integrally as a single component using
any suitable manufacturing process, such as any suitable molding and/or casting process.
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[0061] Referring now to FIGs. 12 and 13, illustrated is a perspective view of another
embodiment of a robotic testing device 170 for performing one or more inspection test on
the LPS 20 of a wind turbine 10. In general, the illustrated robotic testing device 160 may
include the same or similar components and may be configured similarly to the robotic
testing device 160 described above with reference to FIGs. 10 and 11 except for the below
noted differences. As shown in the illustrated embodiment, the robotic testing device 170
generally includes a first arm 152 and a second arm 154, such as previously described with
regard to FIGs. 8 and 9. Similar to the embodiment of FIGs. 10 and 11, in this particular
embodiment, in lieu of a robotic arm 147 as the robotic end effector 146, included is a
robotic end effector 146 including two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end
effector arms 164. The two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms
164 may generally comprise any suitable structural member configured to support the LPS
test probe 148. Illustrated in FIGs. 12 and 13 are the two or more cooperatively engaged
extendable end effector arms 164 coupled to the first and second arm 152, 154. In an
alternate embodiment, a support rail similar to that previously disclosed in FIGs. 9 and 10
may be included and support the two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end
effector arms 164 and the LPS test probe 148 in a similar configuration. Illustrated in FIG.
12 are the two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms 164 in a
retracted position and coupled thereto the first arm 152. Illustrated in FIG. 13 are the two
or more cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms 164 in extended position, and
coupled thereto the first arm 152, so as to position the LPS test probe 148 in contact with
the lightning receptor 22.
[0062] In several other embodiments of the present subject matter, as previously
described, the robotic testing device 140, 160 may have a generally non-closed or open
shape when clamped to the blade 16. For example, the robotic testing device 140, 160 may
be semi-circular shaped, "C" shaped or have any other suitable open shaped configuration.
when in a clamped state so as to be configured to be positioned in a clamping configuration
to a portion of the exterior surface 17 of the rotor blade 16. In particular, the robotic testing
device 140, 160, and more particularly the first and second arms 142, 144 may be operable
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such that the tip 24 of the rotor blade 16 must be at least partially aligned within the robotic
testing device 140, 160 in order to permit the LPS test probe 148 to be positioned onto the
rotor blade 16 as the robotic testing device 140, 160 is clamped about the rotor blade 16
using the disclosed system 100.
[0063] In several other embodiments of the present subject matter, as previously
described, the robotic testing device 150, 170 may have a closed shape when in a clamped
state about the rotor blade 16 (i.e., a shape that can be traced using the same starting and
stopping points) so as to be configured to be positioned around the outer perimeter of the
rotor blade 16. In particular, the robotic testing device 150, 170 may be configured such
that the tip 24 of the rotor blade 16 must extend through closed shaped of the robotic
testing device 150, 170 in order to permit the LPS test probe 148 to be positioned onto the
rotor blade 16 as the robotic testing device 150, 170 is raised using the disclosed system
100.
[0064] Thus, as shown in FIGs. 6-13, the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170
may have a substantially elliptical shape when in a clamped state, generally corresponding
to the shape of the rotor blade 16 in the area adjacent to the blade tip 24. In other
embodiments, the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may generally have any other
suitable shape configuration, such as by having a circular, rectangular or triangular shape.
As such, the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may be positioned onto or around
the portion of the outer perimeter of the rotor blade 16 at which the electrically conductive
lightning receptor 22 is disposed. In alternate embodiments, each of the first and second
arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may further include a clamping means (e.g. adjustable clamping
pads disposed about an interior surface of the arm, or the like) for clamping the first and
second arms 142, 144, 152, 154 to the outer surface 17 of the rotor blade 16 along at least
partial length of the first and second arms 142, 144, 152, 154, or otherwise provide for the
inner surface of each of the plurality of arms 142, 144, 152, 154 to engage the outer surface
17 of the rotor blade 16.
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[0065] Additionally, in several embodiments of the present subject matter, the width
and/or other dimensions of the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may be chosen such that the
robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may only be positioned around the rotor blade 16
up to the location of the lightning receptor 22. For example, in one embodiment, the
dimensions of the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may be configured such that an inner surface of
each of the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 fully engages the outer perimeter of the rotor blade 16
as the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 is positioned adjacent the rotor blade 16,
and in particular the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22, thereby preventing the
arms 142, 144, 152, 154 from being raised further along the blade 16. Moreover, in several
embodiments, the dimensions and/or shape of the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may be fixed or
may be adjustable. Thus, in one embodiment, the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may be
configured such that the dimensions of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may
be increased or decreased so as to generally correspond to the size, shape and/or
configuration of the rotor blade 16 at the location of the lightning receptor 22. For
example, the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may
be telescoping or may include other suitable adjustment features to permit the positioning
of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 along the blade 16. In another embodiment,
the arms 142, 144, 152, 154 may be formed from a flexible and/or expandable material
such that the shape and/or size of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may be
adapted to the shape and/or size of the rotor blade 16 as it is raised and clamped about the
rotor blade 16.
[0066] The LPS test probe 148 of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may
generally comprise any suitable test probe that is capable of forming an electrical
connection or otherwise making electrical contact with the electrically conductive lightning
receptor 22 of the LPS 20. Thus, in several embodiments, the LPS test probe 148 may
comprise any suitable test probe, such as a Megger® test probe, configured for coupling to
the remote monitoring and control interface device 132, such as a device including a
multimeter, clamp meter, insulation tester, multifunction tester and/or continuity tester. The
LPS test probe 148 is positioned such that it may contact the electrically conductive
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lightning receptor 22 as the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 is positioned adjacent
the rotor blade 16. In an alternate embodiment, a signal, voltage or resistance
measurement is supplied from the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 and detected
elsewhere on the tower 12 via a partnering device, which is coupled via wired or
wirelessly, to the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170. For example, in an
embodiment a pulse is sent down the conductor line 26 from the robotic testing device 140,
150, 160, 170, and a partnering device is located at the nacelle hub bearing to detect said
pulse.
[0067] In a particular embodiment of the present subject matter, the robotic testing
device 140, 150, 160, 170 may also include at least one camera 158, such as an
omnidirectional camera system, mounted to one or more of a portion of the robotic testing
device 140, 150, 160, 170, proximate the end effector 146, proximate the tip 24 to aid in
positioning of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 or determine positioning at a
proper height. The at least one camera 158 is coupled to the remote monitoring and control
interface device 132. In such an embodiment, the camera 158 captures images of one or
more surfaces of interest from multiple perspectives during positioning of the robotic
testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 adjacent the rotor blade 16 and/or positioning of the LPS
test probe 148 relative to the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22. The captured
images allow for the recreation of 3D models or "street-view" style reconstructions of
positioning for operators, inspectors and automated algorithms to interrogate in real-time or
later offline. Optimized lighting in the form of an ability to tum one or more lights (not
shown) OFF/ON may be included for image capture and navigation purposes. The camera
158 is configured for use by at least one of the one or more ground operators 124 to view
areas of interest or can be used for automated positioning recognition systems to detect
positioning autonomously.
[0068] Additionally, in a particular embodiment of the present subject matter, the
robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may also include a voltage source (not shown),
such as a battery or other power source, mounted to a portion of the robotic testing device
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140, 150, 160, 170 and electrically coupled to the LPS test probe 148. In such an
embodiment, the voltage source may be configured to transmit an electrical current through
the LPS test probe 148 to the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 when the LPS
test probe 148 is placed in contact with the receptor 22. As such, the continuity of the LPS
20 may be tested by measuring an electrical property of the system, such as by measuring
the resistance in the lightning conductor 26 adjacent to the support surface 114 or at the
user interface and more particularly the remote monitoring and control interface device
132.
[0069] One of ordinary skill in the art should appreciate that the up-tower anchor
point 110 of the system 100 disclosed herein may generally be established by having a
service/maintenance worker, and more particularly, the up-tower operator 118 climb up the
wind turbine 10 and attach or otherwise couple the cable 108 to the wind turbine 10. For
example, in the illustrated embodiments, the up-tower operator 118 may climb onto the
nacelle 14 of the wind turbine 10 and attach the winch 116 to a portion of the nacelle 14.
After the LPS test has been performed on the LPS 20 of the wind turbine 10, it may be
desirable to detach or otherwise remove the presently disclosed system 100 from the wind
turbine 10 so that it may be transported to another wind turbine. Thus, in one embodiment,
the up-tower operator 118 may climb back up the wind turbine 10 and detach or otherwise
remove the cable 108 and/or the winch 116 from the wind turbine 10.
[0070] Alternatively, the disclosed system 100 may be configured so as to remove
the necessity for a second trip back up the wind turbine 10. For example, the winch 116 or
similar device (not shown) may be secured to the wind turbine 10 at the up-tower anchor
point 110 and may be configured to automatically raise and lower the cable 108 wrapped
around its spindle. As such, when a test of the LPS 20 is desired to be performed on the
wind turbine 10, the winch 116 may be configured to lower the cable 108 to the support
surface 114. The robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 may then be secured to the cable
108 and raised by the winch 116 as the up-tower anchor point 110. Once the test has been
completed, the winch 116 may again unwind the cable 108, lowering it to the support
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surface 114, to permit the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to be detached from the
cable 108, and the cable 108 then returned up-tower for storage about the spindle of the
winch 116.
[0071] It should also be appreciated that, as used herein, the terms "cable" and "line"
refer to any length of material which may be configured to function as described herein. As
such, the cables 108, the one or more additional cables 120, and the one or more tag lines
122 of the present subject matter may include any suitable cables, wires, ropes, chains or
lines formed from any suitable material. For example, in one embodiment, any of the
cables 108, the one or more additional cables 120, and the one or more tag lines 122 may
comprise rope formed from twisted, braided or woven natural fibers (e.g., hemp and
cotton) or synthetic fibers (e.g., polypropylene, nylon and polyesters). In other
embodiments, any of the one or more additional cables 120, and the one or more tag lines
122 may comprise coated or non-coated, flexible or non-flexible metal cables and/or
chains.
[0072] Referring now to FIGs. 14-21, schematically show an exemplary method 250
of performing one or more test on aLPS 20 of a wind turbine 10, according to the present
disclosure. Method 250 includes an initial setup of equipment on the ground, in a step 252.
More specifically, as detailed in FIG. 14, step 252 may include steps performed by the one
or more ground operators 124, such assembly of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160,
170 and performing any initial system checks. Step 252 may further include assembly of
the LPS test probe 148, such as a Megger® probe and extension lead 126, and performing
initial system checks.
[0073] In a step 254, up-tower preparedness takes place, such as illustrated in FIG.
16, and may include the up-tower operator 118 ascending the wind turbine, and aligning
the rotor blade 16 to be tested in a 6 o'clock position with the leading edge toward the
tower 12. In an alternate embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the rotor blade 16 to be
tested may be positioned in an 8 o'clock position with the leading edge away the tower 12.
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If not present, the up-tower operator 118 attaches the winch 116 to the nacelle 14, or other
anchoring point and lowers the cable 108 to the ground surface 114.
[0074] The robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 is next coupled to the cable 108
upon reaching the support surface 114 by the one or more ground operator 124, in a step
256. During securement of the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to the cable 108,
the ground operator 124, as illustrated in FIG. 17, may further setup the control system,
attach the one or more tag lines 122 to the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170, attach
one or more additional cables 120 to the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170. The one
or more ground operators 124, holding the one or more tag lines 122, are next positioned
relative to the rotor blade 16 to be tested.
[0075] Subsequent to securing the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to the
cable 108, the cable 108 and tag lines 122 are displaced in a manner to raise and position
the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 adjacent the rotor blade 16 to be tested, in a
step 258. As illustrated in FIG. 18, step 258 may include the up-tower operator 118
operating the winch 116, and while communicating with the ground operator 124, to
positioning the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 approximately 2M above the
blade tip 24 of the rotor blade 16 being tested. While the robotic testing device 140, 150,
160, 170 is being positioned, the one or more ground operators 124 overwatch the
extension lead 126 feed out, align the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to the rotor
blade 16 to be tested, partially clamp the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to the
blade 16 using operator controls built into the remote monitoring and control interface
device 132, position the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 until the electrically
conductive lightning receptor 22 is in field of view, and securely clamp the robotic testing
device 140, 150, 160, 170 to the blade 16 for lighting protection system testing.
[0076] After the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170, and more specifically the
LPS test probe 148, is in place relative to a lightning receptor 22, the LPS test may be
performed on the rotor blade 16, in a step 260. As illustrated in FIG. 19, step 260 may
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include the ground operator 124, utilizing the operator controls of the remote monitoring
and control interface device 132, positioning the robotic end effector 146 to provide
contact between the LPS test probe 148 and the electrically conductive lightning receptor
22. The test is next performed with an inspection image optional collected by the camera
158 and test data recorded by the ground operator 124. Subsequent to obtaining data from
the first electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 test, the robotic end effector 146 is
caused to be retracted and/or moved by the ground operator 124 to position the LPS test
probe 148 near an additional electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 to be tested (e.g.
such as on an opposed side of the blade 16). The robotic end effector 146 is further
maneuvered to provide contact between the LPS test probe 148 and the additional lightning
receptor 22. The test is next performed with the inspection image optionally collected by
the camera 158 and test data recorded by the ground operator 124.
[0077] After testing relative to the electrically conductive lightning receptor 22 of the
rotor blade 16 is complete and it is determined further testing is required on additional
blades, in a step 262, the rotor position is changed, in a step 264, to provide testing to take
place on additional blades, as illustrated in FIG. 20. To accomplish such, the ground
operator 124 may cause the robotic end effector 146 to be retracted and the robotic testing
device 140, 150, 160, 170 to be undamped from the blade 16 that was previously tested.
The ground operator 124 further allows the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to
swing away from the rotor blade 16 and "candy canes" the one or more tag lines 122 to the
tower 12.
[0078] After the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 is positioned apart from the
previously tested rotor blade 16, the up-tower operator 118 repositions the rotor to position
the next rotor blade 16 to be tested in a 6 o'clock position. Thereafter, the ground-operator
124 releases the one or more tag lines 122 from the tower and aids with positioning of the
robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 near the rotor blade 16 and the electrically
conductive lightning receptor 22 being tested, as previously described. The groundoperator
124 conducts testing on the LPS 20 as previously described, in step 210.
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[0079] The process of repositioning to the next blade 16 to be tested and performing
the test is repeated as described. Upon determining all test of the lighting protection system
20 of the wind turbine 10 have been completed, in a step 262, the robotic testing device
140, 150, 160, 170 is lowered to the support surface 114 and the equipment packed, in a
step 266. As illustrated in FIG. 21, to accomplish such, the ground operator 124 prepares
the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 for lowering, such as by releasing the arms
142, 144, 152, 154 causing the robotic testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 to swing away
from the rotor blade 16. The up-tower operator 118lowers the robotic testing device 140,
150, 160, 170, such as via the winch 116, to the ground 114. Upon reaching the ground, the
ground operator 124 releases the one or more tag lines 122 and cable 108 from the robotic
testing device 140, 150, 160, 170 and packs the equipment for transport. The up-tower
operator 118 is then able to raise the cable 108 up-tower, such as by winching, and pack
the equipment. If present, the up-tower operator 118 may additionally remove the winch
116 and fill any temporary opening(s) formed in the wind turbine 10 structure, such as the
nacelle 14. The up-tower operator 118 descends the wind turbine 10 upon completion.
[0080] Accordingly, disclosed is system that assists field personnel in performing
inspection tests of the LPS on a wind turbine blade without using conventional methods
such as a rope crew, or heavy access equipment such as platform, baskets or boom trucks.
The disclosed system removes the need for human intervention to perform the LPS
inspection tests on the blade and eliminates specialized equipment required for such
inspections. A unique aspect of the disclosed system enables the LPS inspection tests to be
bundled with annual existing service maintenance crews. A ground operator is used to
guide a remotely located robotic testing device, thereby eliminating the need for
positioning field personnel on the blades with rope crews or at height using boom trucks or
other access platforms. The system allows LPS inspection tests of difficult to access blades
to be performed remotely from ground. Previously obtained test data may be used to
provide a digital pedigree of inspections. The disclosed innovative approach reduces time,
equipment and labor costs associated with conventional LPS test measurement methods.
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[0081] While the disclosure has been described with reference to one or more
embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be
made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the
scope of the disclosure. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt a particular
situation or material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from the essential
scope thereof Therefore, it is intended that the disclosure not be limited to the particular
embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this disclosure, but
that the disclosure will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended
claims. This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best
mode, and also to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, including
making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The
patentable scope of the disclosure is defined by the claims, and may include other
examples that occur to those skilled in the art. Such other examples are intended to be
within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that do not differ from the
literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with
insubstantial differences from the literal languages of the claims.

CLAIMS
1. A system (100, 200) for performing one or more tasks on a lightning
protection system (LPS) (20) of a wind turbine (1 0), the system (1 00, 200) comprising:
a cable (108) having a first end (112) attached to an up-tower anchor point (110),
the cable (108) extending toward a tower support surface (114) such that a lightning
receptor (22) of the LPS (20) is generally disposed between the up-tower anchor point
(110) and the tower support surface (114);
a robotic testing device (102, 140, 150, 160, 170) comprising:
an attachment mechanism (141) configured for positioning about at least a
portion of an outer perimeter of a rotor blade (16) of the wind turbine (1 0) and
clamp thereto the rotor blade (16); and
aLPS test probe (148) coupled to a robotic end effector (146), wherein the
robotic end effector (146) is moveable to position the LPS test probe (148) in
contact with the lightning receptor (22) of the LPS (20);
one or more tag lines (122) coupled to the robotic testing device (102, 140, 150,
160, 170); and
a remote monitoring and control interface (132) operable to remotely clamp the
robotic testing device (102, 140, 150, 160, 170) to the rotor blade (16) and perform the one
or more LPS inspection tests,
wherein the cable (!08) is coupled to the up-tower anchor point (110) such that, the
robotic testing device (102, 140, 150, 160, 170) is movable to a position at which the LPS
test probe (148) contacts the lightning receptor (22).
2. The system (100, 200) of Claim 1, wherein the up-tower anchor point (110)
is a winch (116).
3. The system (100, 200) of claim 1, wherein at least a portion of an inner
surface (143) of the attachment mechanism (141) engages at least a portion of an outer
surface (17) of the rotor blade (16).
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4. The system (100, 200) of Claim 1, wherein the robotic end effector (146)
comprises two or more cooperatively engaged extendable end effector arms (164) that are
extendable in a manner to position the LPS test probe (148) in contact with the lightning
receptor (22).
5. The system (100, 200) of Claim 1, wherein the robotic end effector (146)
comprises an articulating robotic arm (147) that is moveable in a manner to position the
LPS test probe (148) in contact with the lightning receptor (22).
6. The system (100, 200) of Claim 1, wherein the remote monitoring and
control interface (132) provides remote control of the robotic end effector (146).
7. The system (100, 200) of Claim 1, wherein the robotic testing device (102,
140, 150, 160, 170) further includes at least one camera (158) for remote positioning of the
LPS test probe (146) in contact with the lightning receptor (22).
8. The system (100, 200) of claim 1, wherein the LPS test probe (146) is
configured to measure at least one of resistance and continuity of the LPS (20).
9. The system (100, 200) of claim 1, wherein the up-tower anchor point (110)
is disposed on a nacelle (14) of the wind turbine (10).
10. A method (250) for performing one or more tests on a lightning protection
system (LPS) (20)of a wind turbine (1 0), the method (250) comprising:
coupling (254) a cable (108) at an up-tower anchor point (110) such that a lightning
receptor (22) of the LPS (20) is generally disposed between the up-tower anchor point
(110) and a support surface (114);
displacing (254) the cable (108) toward the support surface (114);
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coupling (256) a robotic testing device (1 02, 140, 150, 160, 170) to the cable (1 08),
wherein the robotic testing device (102, 140, 150, 160, 170) includes one or more tag lines
(122) coupled thereto;
displacing (258) the cable (1 08) such that the robotic testing device (1 02, 140, 150,
160, 170) is moved to a position between the up-tower anchor point (110) and the support
surface (114), and adjacent a rotor blade (16) of the wind turbine (10);
clamping (258) the robotic testing device (102, 140, 150, 160, 170) to the rotor
blade (16) of the wind turbine (10); and
contacting (258) aLPS test probe (148) of the robotic testing device (102, 140, 150,
160, 170) to the lightning receptor (22).