Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of control systems. More particularly the present disclosure relates to a system and method for maintaining pressure in a ventilator.

BACKGROUND
[0002] Background description includes an information that may be useful in understanding the present invention. It is not an admission that any of the information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presently claimed invention, or that any publication specifically or implicitly referenced is prior art.
[0003] Traditionally, a medical ventilator provides respiratory support and anesthesia to a patient undergoing medical treatment. The primary function of the ventilator is to maintain a suitable inspiration pressure, and an optimum rate of air flow being inspired and expired by the patient, where a ventilator functions in a variety of respiratory control modes depending on a status and judgment of the physician and anesthesiologist. In a variety of modal applications, there is a placement of different set of demands on the dynamic characteristics of the ventilator. For multiple applications including an intensive care unit (ICU), and anesthesia delivery applications, the ventilator needs to provide air within the Peak Inspiration Pressure so as to safely provide breathing support to the patient.
[0004] In order to provide the above-mentioned degree of responsiveness for a wide range of patient cases, a ventilator system must adapt to breathing variations in the patient and various ventilator dynamics that occur over a course of a single breath of the patient. Further, a ventilator control system requires a wide range of adaptability to provide an adequate responsiveness throughout different modes of operation and during the changes in system dynamics that occur over the course of patient breathing. In the past, mechanical implements have been utilized for the control of the rate of air flow and pressure of air being delivered to the patient. Ventilators incorporating such pneumatic hardwares offered few limited modes of operations, and frequently required many independently controlled valves and pneumatic circuits.
[0005] There have been several methods for maintaining the PIP, without considering the effect of valve hysteresis, suggesting various valve modeling complex algorithms for mapping the hysteresis curve. Other systems incorporate a linearization process on an input signal of the valve for hysteresis control and utilising other mechanical methods for determining some pattern and controlling the air flow through the valve.
[0006] There is, therefore a need for a simple, cost-effective, and reliable system so as to control and regulate the pressure of air during inspiration in a ventilator.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are listed below.
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system that can counter the hysteresis of a proportional valve in a ventilator.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a simple system that can maintain peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a reliable system for the maintenance of peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a cost-effective system that can maintain peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.

SUMMARY
[0012] The present disclosure pertains to the field of control systems. More particularly the present disclosure relates to a system and method for maintaining a peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
[0013] The present disclosure pertains to a system and method for maintaining pressure in a ventilator, said system comprising a pressure sensor mounted at an inspiratory line of a ventilator, a control unit configured with a microcontroller, a PID controller, and a memory that stores a set of instructions executable by the microcontroller. Further, the control unit is configured to receive a first signal from the pressure sensor, where the first signal is indicative of the pressure of airflow. The control unit determines a correction factor for the pressure of airflow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator, where the correction factor is indicative of one or more stages of the PID controller, and transmits a second signal to the valve of the ventilator, where the second signal indicates the pressure of airflow through the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
[0014] In an aspect, the system is configured with a machine learning module comprising a predetermined algorithm that mitigates hyteresis of the valve in the ventilator.
[0015] In an aspect, the valve comprises two ports and two positions that are open and closed in the ventilator configured with pressure control mode.
[0016] In an aspect, the correction factor is atleast indicative of a difference in an anticipated pressure and an actual pressure of airflow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
[0017] In an aspect, the system comprises the valve is electronically controlled, and operates in a predetermined proportion to the correction factor so as to correspond with a peak inspiration pressure in a pair of lungs of the patient.
[0018] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0019] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
[0020] In the figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label with a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
[0021] Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of a block diagram of a system for maintaining pressure, in a ventilator in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0022] Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary representation of pressure and rate of airflow, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0023] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of the hysteresis loop of valve of a ventilator, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0024] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such detail as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit, and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the appended claims.
[0025] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the present invention. It will be an apparent to one skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without some of these specific details.
[0026] The present disclosure pertains to the field of control systems. More particularly the present disclosure relates to a system and method for maintaining a peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator. The ventilator comprises a control unit configured with a microcontroller, a PID controller, and a memory that stores a set of instructions executable by the microcontroller, where the control unit is configured to receive a first signal from the pressure sensor, where the first signal indicat the pressure of air flow, determine a correction factor for the rate of air flow through the inspiratory line of the ventilator utilizing one or more stages of the PID controller, and transmit a second signal to the valve of the ventilator, where the second signal indicates the rate of air flow through the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
[0027] In an embodiment, the system is configured with a machine learning module comprising a predetermined algorithm that mitigates hyteresis of the valve in the ventilator.
[0028] In an embodiment, the valve comprises two ports and two positions that are open and closed in the ventilator configured with pressure control mode.
[0029] In an embodiment, the correction factor is atleast indicative of a difference in an anticipated pressure and an actual pressure of airflow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
[0030] In an embodiment, the system comprises the valve is electronically controlled, and operates in a predetermined proportion to the correction factor so as to correspond with a peak inspiration pressure in a pair of lungs of the patient.
[0031] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.
[0032] Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary representation of a block diagram of system for maintaining pressure in a ventilator in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0033] Referring to Fig. 1, a block diagram 100 represents a system for maintaining peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator within a tolerance level. The block diagram represents a pressure sensor 102 electronically coupled with the control unit 104 configured with a microcontroller, a PID controller, and a memory that stores a set of instructions executable by the microcontroller, where the control unit 104 is configured to receive a first signal from the pressure sensor 102, where the first signal may indicate a pressure of air in a pair of lungs of a patient, and the control unit 104 determines a correction factor for the pressure of airflow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator, where the correction factor may indicate one or more stages of the PID controller. Further, control unit 104 may transmit a second signal to the valve of the ventilator, where the second signal is atleast indicative of the pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
[0034] In an embodiment, the present disclosure is capable of assisting the physiological respiration process, where in a pressure-controlled ventilation mode, inspiratory air is provided to a patient for maintaining a P.I.P i.e. Peak Inspiration Pressure level throughout an inhalation phase via the valves in the line of inspiration. The system may offer a method for controlling hysteresis of the valve thus preventing the spikes, fluctuations, and rise in the pressure above the P.I.P. level, in order to control the rate of correction that may ensure a better control over the valve hysteresis, thus controlling the rise in pressure to maintain the PIP i.e. Peak Inspiratory Pressure within the tolerance band.
[0035] In an embodiment, the present disclosure provides a single feedback loop control, and a PID control that transmits a signal to a two port and two position valve that is electronically controlled in a predetermined proportion to a correction factor. The system may sense a pressure of air flow in an inspiratory line of the ventilator using a feedback of the pressure sensor that is mounted in the inspiratory line receiving a plurality of signals at a plurality of instants of the system. Further, the system may incorporate a three staged PID to control the hysteresis of the valve in a ventilator.
[0036] In another embodiment, during the initial stage of the inspiratory phase, the anticipated pressure is greater than the actual pressure of the system, thus the correction factor comprising the plurality of signals is positive, where the rate of correction is projected to be relatively lower that prevents an overshooting of the pressure beyond the tolerance level. As the pressure of air flow approaches the anticipated pressure, the correction factor tends to approach zero and the valve tends to close. Further, the rate of air flow in the system rises as the valve starts tracing its closing curve, where the increase in the rate of air flow further increases pressure in the system leading to generation of a negative correction factor.
[0037] In an embodiment, to avoid further rise in the pressure of air flow in the system, a second stage PID is applied, where a rate of correction is conformed to a higher rate that increases a reduction in the rate of air flow, and reduces further pressure rise in the system. As the pressure of air flow decreases below the anticipated pressure a correction a plurality of signals signal turns positive again, a very low rate of correction is applied to smoothen the rise in pressure, thus avoiding the fluctuations in the inspiratory phase.
[0038] Fig. 2 illustrates an exemplary representation of pressure and rate of air flow, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0039] Referring to the figure, the present disclosure pertains to a system for maintaining pressure in a ventilator, where in the initial stage of inspiration , the rate of air flow increases that also increases pressure of air flow in the ventilator, However, as the valve is electronically controlled in proportion to a difference in anticipated pressure and actual pressure as the pressure tends to approach Peak Inspiration Pressure the difference between anticipated pressure of air flow and actual pressure of air flow decreases that may lead to a decrease in the rise of pressure of air flow for that PID stage 1 is activated that leads to an increase in pressure of air flow upto peak Inspiration pressure i.e. PIP.
[0040] In another embodiment, after attaining Peak inspiration Pressure , it is desired to limit the pressure upto an upper limit of the PIP, for that PID stage 2 is activated that is configurred to decrease the pressure of air flow from the upper tolerance limit to the peak inspiration pressure PIP during that rate of air flow also decreases and follows back to a particular rate of air flow.
[0041] In an embodiment, the pressure in the air flow is observed to have decreased below Peak Inspiration Pressure during closure of the valve. Further, in order to maintain the pressure of the air flow at PIP, a third stage of PID is activated that increases the pressure of air flow further so that it is continuously above the Peak Inspiration pressure during rest of the waveform, and rate of air flow decreases back to the initial stage
[0042] Fig. 3 illustrates an exemplary representation of rate of airflow in an inspiratory line of a ventilator in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] As illustrated the disclosure pertains to a system for maintaining peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator within a tolerance level. As a current flowing in the valve increases the rate of air flow also starts to increase up to F1 that corresponds to a particular rate of air flow corresponding to a current value C2, where the PID stage 1 is activated that leads to decrease in slope of the rate of airflow with respect to the current flowing in the valve. This decrease in slope of rate of airflow leading to an increase in the pressure of inspiration air so as to reach up to Peak Inspiration Pressure.
[0044] In an embodiment, while tracing the closing curve, the current flowing through the valve starts to decrease leading to closing of the valve and corresponds to decrease in the rate of air flow up to a particular value of flow rate F2 corresponding to current C2,where the PID stage 2 is activated that increases the slope of rate of air flow with respect to current flowing in the valve that leads to reduction in the pressure of air flow so as to contain the pressure upto the upper tolerance limit of Peak Inspiration Pressure i.e. PIP. and further decrease the rate of air flow up to a particular flow rate corresponding to current C1, where the PID stage 3 is activated that tends to decrease the slope of rate of air flow leading to an increase of pressure from lower tolerance limit of Peak Inspiration Pressure.
[0045] Various objects, features, aspects, and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0046] Some of the advantages of the present disclosure which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are listed below.
[0047] The proposed disclosure provides a system that can counter hysteresis of proportional valve in a ventilator.
[0048] The proposed disclosure provides a simple system that can maintain peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
[0049] The proposed disclosure provides a reliable system for maintenance of peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
[0050] The proposed disclosure provides a cost-effective system that can maintain peak inspiration pressure in a ventilator.
, Claims:1. a system and method for maintaining pressure in a ventilator, said system comprising:
a pressure sensor (102) mounted in an inspiratory line of a ventilator;
a control unit (104) configured with a microcontroller, a PID controller, and a memory that stores a set of instructions executable by the microcontroller, wherein the control unit (104) is configured to:
receive a first signal from the pressure sensor (102), wherein the first signal is at least indicative of a pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line;
determine a correction factor for a pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator, wherein the correction factor is at least indicative of one or more stages of the PID controller; and
transmit a second signal to a valve (106) of the ventilator, wherein the second signal is atleast indicative of the pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is configured with a machine learning module comprising a predetermined algorithm that mitigates hyteresis of the valve (106) in the ventilator.
3. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve (106) comprises two ports and two positions that are open and closed in the ventilator configured with pressure control mode.
4. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the correction factor is atleast indicative of a difference in an anticipated pressure and an actual pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
5. The system as claimed in claim 1, comprises the valve (106) that is electronically controlled, and operates in a predetermined proportion to the correction factor so as to correspond with a peak inspiration pressure in a pair of lungs of the patient.
6. A method for maintaining pressure in a ventilator, said method comprises:
receiving a first signal from the pressure sensor (102), wherein the first signal is at least indicative of a pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line;
determining a correction factor for a rate of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator, wherein the correction factor is at least indicative of one or more stages of the PID controller; and
transmiting a second signal to a valve (106) of the ventilator, wherein the third signal is atleast indicative of the rate of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
7. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method is configured with a machine learning module comprising a predetermined algorithm that mitigates hyteresis of the valve (106) in the ventilator.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the valve (106) comprises two ports and two positions that are open and closed in the ventilator configured with a pressure control mode.
9. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein the correction factor is atleast indicative of a difference in an anticipated pressure and an actual pressure of air flow in the inspiratory line of the ventilator.
10. The method as claimed in claim 6, comprises the valve (106) that is electronically controlled, and operates in a predetermined proportion to the correction factor so as to correspond with a peak inspiration pressure in a pair of lungs of the patient.