Claims:1) A method for measuring the various parameters of riverine flow as well as in water channels of larger cross sectional area, without any physical surface contact with the water flow and not disturbing the flow of water, wherein, two steps are involved for measuring the discharge of water in any given instant ;
the first one being to calculate the river sediment area where the flow is to be measured and the second one is used to measure the instantaneous velocity of the flow and then by finding the area and velocity of the flow the water discharge can be determined as the water discharge is the product of velocity and area using the expression

Q = V x A
where,
Q ? Water flow rate or discharge ( in Cubic metres per second)
V ? Velocity (m/s) ( in metres per second)
A ? Area (m²) ( in square metres)
2) The method for measuring of parameters of riverine flow, as claimed in claim 1, wherein Bathymetric echo sounding technique is used to measure the river sediment area of which involves the surveying of the river area by using SONAR ( Sound Navigation Ranging) techniques and by using a motor control, the sensor is rotated at three different positions to cover the entire width of the river
3) The method for measuring of parameters of riverine flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein The velocity measurement of the river can be done in various methods such as using a Doppler effect ultrasonic sensor, an impeller or a conduit with transceivers on its top and bottom

4) The method of measuring of parameters of riverine flow as claimed in claim 1, wherein an impeller is a rotating component that is driven by the flow of water through it and can be installed inside the river and as water flows through the said impeller it rotates and the number of rotations is proportional to the water velocity and thus using its Revolutions per minute (RPM) the velocity of the flow can be determined
5) The method of measuring of parameters of riverine flow as claimed in claim wherein the method is used to measure the velocity in case of flow of water through a pipe or conduit, consists of a structure can be installed inside the water body and the said method the time taken for a sound wave to travel between a transmitter and receiver is measured for two transceivers that are located on the top and bottom of the water flow and ultrasonic waves in a particular frequency are sent by the said transmitter from one side to the other and the difference in frequency is proportional to the average fluid velocity which can be calculated using the formula,

where,
t1 and t2 are the transmission upstream and downstream respectively,
Ø ( theta) – angle between transmitted beam and flow direction
I – distance between sensors or water head level
6) A measuring system for determining the water flow parameters of riverine systems, of larger cross sectional area, without any physical surface contact with the water flow and not disturbing the flow of water the said measuring system comprising, two steps for measuring the discharge of water in any given instant ;
the first one being to calculate the river sediment area where the flow is to be measured and the second one is used to measure the instantaneous velocity of the flow and then by finding the area and velocity of the flow the water discharge can be determined as the water discharge is the product of velocity and area using the expression

Q = V x A
where,
Q ? Water flow rate or discharge ( in Cubic metres per second)
V ? Velocity (m/s) ( in metres per second)
A ? Area (m²) ( in square metres) , Description:Description of the Invention with respect to the accompanying drawings :-

Fig 1 depicts the block diagram of the process and method involved in the measurement of flow parameters in open channels and riverine systems with larger cross sectional area
Fig 2 Describes the various stages involved in the measurement of area of the water body for its entire given cross section
Fig 3 Shows the usage of Doppler effect Ultrasonic sensor for determining the velocity of water flow in open channels and riverine systems with SONAR
Fig 4 Showing the usage of Doppler effect Ultrasonic sensor for determining the velocity of water flow in open channels and riverine systems with Impeller
Fig 5 Showing the usage of a conduit and a pair of transceivers for determining of the velocity of water flow

Description of the Invention :-
The basic principle for measurement of discharge of water using this method can be thus explained
The river discharge can be calculated as,
Q = V x A
where,
Q ? Water flow rate or discharge(m³/s)
V ? Velocity (m/s)
A ? Area (m²)

It can be further observed that the method employed here has two parts. The first one being to calculate the river sediment area where the flow is to be measured and the second one is used to measure the instantaneous velocity of the flow. By finding the area and velocity of the flow the water discharge can be calculated as the water discharge is the product of velocity and area. It involves continuous monitoring of these values so that instantaneously the flow rate of the water body can be measured. Bathymetric echo sounding technique is used to measure the sediment area of the water body. This method involves the surveying of the river area by using sonar. Using a motor control, the sensor is rotated at three different positions to cover the entire width of the river. The velocity measurement of the river can be done in various methods such as using a doppler effect ultrasonic sensor, an impeller or a conduit with transceivers on its top and bottom.

Sediment area measurement:
Sound waves are useful for remote sensing in a water environment because they can travel for hundreds of kilometers without significant attenuation. The level of attenuation of a sound wave is dependent on its frequency— high frequency sound is attenuated rapidly, while extremely low frequency sound can travel with much lesser attenuation throughout the water body. As acoustic energy travels well in water, it gets interrupted by a sudden change in medium, such as rock or sand. Hence such a technology can be used for mapping or profiling the river sediment area across the width of the water body.
A multibeam active sonar source is installed above the surface of the water at a significant height. This source is made to rotate sideways using a motor. Using this the sediment area of the water body is mapped at three different positions as shown.
Velocity measurement:
The velocity of the stream can be measured by three methods:
• Using doppler effect ultrasonic sensor
• Using an impeller
Using a conduit and a pair of transceivers

Using doppler effect ultrasonic sensor:
Doppler Effect refers to the apparent change in wave frequency during the relative motion between a wave source and its observer.
Using high frequency sound transmission, the velocity of the water can be measured as it will be reflected to the sensor from particles or bubbles suspended in the liquid.
The echoes return at an altered frequency which is proportionate to flow velocity which can be measures as

where,
fr and ft are the transmitted and received frequencies respectively,
c – velocity of sound in fluid,
Ø – angle between transmitted beam and flow direction

Using an impeller:
An impeller is a rotating component that is driven by the flow of water through it. An impeller can be installed inside the river as shown. As water flows through the impeller it rotates and the number of rotations is proportional to the water velocity. Hence using its RPM the velocity of the flow can be determined

Using a conduit and a pair of transceivers
This method is used to measure the velocity of a pipe or conduit. Hence such a structure can be installed inside the water body as shown. In this method the time taken for a sound wave to travel between a transmitter and receiver is measured. Two transceivers are located on the top and bottom of the water flow. The transmitters send ultrasonic waves in a particular frequency from one side to the other. The difference in frequency is proportional to the average fluid velocity which can be calculated using the formula,

where,
t1 and t2 are the transmission upstream and downstream respectively,
Ø – angle between transmitted beam and flow direction
I – distance between sensors or water head level