Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates, in general, to an indoor radio system, and more specifically, relates to a system and a method for providing seamless roaming in a high-speed automotive wireless system.

BACKGROUND
[0002] The following description of the related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section is used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of the prior art.
[0003] Commercially adopted communication techniques in a telecommunications network involve termination of a connection between a client and an access point (AP) as soon as a signal on that connection goes below a specified threshold. Therefore, connecting to a new AP includes scanning, channel switching, authentication, and association. The client sequentially scans each channel during the scanning phase, trying to connect to another AP with a stronger signal. The client switches to the AP channel after the client has discovered the respective AP. Subsequently, the authentication process will ensue upon establishment of the connection and the client connects the respective AP after successful authentication. This transfer process ends with a stage called as the association stage and a handover delay depending upon the scanning phase.
[0004] In the worst case, the delay on each channel may be approximately 100 milliseconds. If the scan is passive, the scan overhead may require few seconds. In contrast, the active probe technique, in which clients broadcast probe request frames to force APs to respond immediately, may be a way to reduce the latency. It has been demonstrated that the scan latency can remain in the range of 340 to 485 milliseconds even with the active probing method. As a result, conventional systems and methods focused on reducing scan latency may be inefficient in the telecommunications network.
[0005] Recently, synchronous scanning has been introduced as a technique to reduce handoff delay through background passive scanning. This system assumes that the clocks of all APs can be synchronized. Therefore, synchronous scanning will emit beacons within a predetermined schedule. In this regard, the respective client may be aware of the presence of nearby APs by periodically switching channels and scanning for beacons. This method has a number of disadvantages, where primarily, synchronization of clocks associated with all APs may be required. Especially, the possibility of frame drops as a reduction in switching channels is observed and a reduced performance is observed in congested networks. Finally, all of these conventional systems and methods only account for scan delays.
[0006] US 9313708 B2 describes roaming between two APs present on the same network. In this case, the client is initially associated with a first AP and accesses it. In parallel, the connected AP transmits information to a second AP. The client determines whether to connect with the second AP. Depending on the determination, the client moves to the second AP and starts accessing the second AP.
[0007] US 20060256763 A1 describes the exchange of a paired master key (PMK) during an initial association between an AP and a client. Another example is recited in US 2009008038 A1 which describes roaming in packet communications where two scanning processes and a connection process are utilized. Yet another example is recited in KR 20040067419A which describes a handoff mechanism for a mobile device using an associated AP in a wireless local area network (LAN).
[0008] Therefore, it is desired to overcome the drawbacks, shortcomings, and limitations associated with existing prior arts, and provide a system and a method that can mitigate the problems associated with the prior arts.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0009] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are listed herein below.
[0010] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for seamless roaming in a high-speed automotive wireless system.
[0011] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method that utilizes a make-before-break (MBB) handover technique in the high-speed automotive wireless system.
[0012] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method that significantly reduces transmission time critical for high-mobility vehicles.
[0013] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method that utilizes a dual-radio method for data transmission that alternates between scan and data modes of operation and prevents a handover delay observed in conventional systems.
[0014] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method that utilizes a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from an access point (AP) and determines the operation of the dual-radio method.

SUMMARY
[0015] This section is provided to introduce certain objects and aspects of the present disclosure in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify the key features or the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0016] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to an apparatus for high mobility wireless communication in a communication network. The apparatus may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may include processor-executable instructions to be executed by the processor that may cause the processor to configure a first radio unit of the apparatus as a data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus to a first connected access point (AP) of a plurality of APs in the communication network. The processor may configure a second radio unit of the apparatus as a scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs in the communication network. The processor, in response to the scanning of the plurality of APs, may monitor received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values of the plurality of APs. The processor may determine whether the RSSI value of the first connected AP is less than a threshold. In response to a positive determination, the processor may determine a second AP of the plurality of APs with highest RSSI value. Based on the determination of the second AP, the processor may cause the second radio unit to connect to the second AP. The processor may configure the second radio unit as the data radio unit for the data transmission from the apparatus to the second connected AP. The processor may configure the first radio unit as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs in the communication network.
[0017] In an embodiment, the apparatus may include an attenuator that is configured to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs and simulate a turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit and the second radio unit for the data transmission.
[0018] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured with a switching delay that determines a period for enabling the turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit and the second radio unit for the data transmission.
[0019] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured to transmit a deauthentication frame to the first radio unit based on the RSSI value of the first connected AP being less than the threshold, and consecutively transmit an authentication frame to the second radio unit during the simulation of the turbo switching mechanism.
[0020] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured to continuously enable the data transmission via the first radio unit until the configuration of the second radio unit.
[0021] In an embodiment, the second radio unit may be configured to erase a path associated with the first connected AP prior to the data transmission from the apparatus to the second connected AP.
[0022] In an embodiment, the processor may be configured to enable a similar turbo switching mechanism across all the data radio units configured for the data transmission in the communication network.
[0023] In an embodiment, the processor, in response to a negative determination, may continue to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs.
[0024] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for high mobility wireless communication in a communication network. The method may include configuring, by a processor, a first radio unit of an apparatus as a data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus to a first connected access point (AP) of a plurality of APs in the communication network. The method may include configuring, by the processor, a second radio unit of the apparatus as a scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs in the communication network. The method may include monitoring, by the processor, received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values of the plurality of APs, in response to the scanning of the plurality of APs. The method may include determining, by the processor, whether the RSSI value of the first connected AP is less than a threshold. The method may include, in response to a positive determination, determining, by the processor, a second AP of the plurality of APs with highest RSSI value. The method may include based on the determination of the second AP, causing, by the processor, the second radio unit to connect to the second AP. The method may include configuring, by the processor, the second radio unit as the data radio unit for the data transmission from the apparatus to the second connected AP. The method may include configuring, by the processor, the first radio unit as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs in the communication network.
[0025] In an embodiments, in response to a negative determination, the method may include continuing to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes the disclosure of electrical components, electronic components, or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (100) of a radio system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram (200) of the radio system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (300) for seamless roaming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary time chart (400) for seamless roaming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary attenuation profile (500) for velocity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary computer system (600) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0033] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0035] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.
[0036] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0037] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0038] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0039] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0040] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0041] The various embodiments throughout the disclosure will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGs. 1-6.
[0042] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture (100) of a radio system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0043] Referring to FIG. 1, the network architecture (100) may include a wayside section (102) and an onboard section (104). The wayside section (102) may include a roaming intelligence module (RIM) (106), a plurality of access points (APs) (108-1 to 108-N) (access points 108, herein)), a mobility emulator (110), and a client device (112-1). The onboard section (104) may include a client device (112-2).
[0044] The client device (112-1) may be connected to the plurality of APs (108). The client device (112-1) may have two radio units that may be concurrently linked to two APs of the plurality of APs (108). The two radio units may include a data radio unit (118-1) and a scan radio unit (118-2). The data radio unit (118-1) may transfer data to the linked APs of the plurality of Aps (108). The scan radio unit (118-2) may scan received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values of the plurality of Aps (108) to determine the highest RSSI value.
[0045] A processor (120-1, 120-2) (which may be collectively referred to as a processor (120), herein)) may be operatively coupled to the data radio unit (118-1), the scan radio unit (118-2), and the plurality of APs (108). The processor (120) may be configured to monitor the RSSI values of the connected APs and neighbouring APs of the plurality of APs (108). The data radio unit (118-1) may transmit and receive the data from/to the connected AP of the plurality of Aps (108). The scan radio unit (118-2) may determine the AP with the highest RSSI value. The client device (112-1) may switch from an existing connected AP to a new AP having a better RSSI value, if the RSSI value of the connected AP falls below a threshold. The client device (112-1) may re-associate with the new AP of the plurality of APs (108), transmit and receive data through the previous AP, and assign the data radio unit to a scan radio unit. Further, the client device (112-1) may assign the scan radio unit (118-2) to the new data radio unit after the re-association process with the new AP is accomplished.
[0046] In an embodiment, the client device (112-1) with the data radio unit (118-1) and the scan radio unit (118-2) may be configured to maintain a constant connection to two APs of the plurality of APs (108), select whether to roam from an active AP to the new AP based on the threshold, and connect to the new AP of the plurality of APs (108) based on the RSSI value. The data radio unit (118-1) may move to another AP of the plurality of APs (108) with the same mobility whenever the client device (112-1) receives a roaming signal. The data radio unit (118-1) may switch to the role of the scan radio unit (118-2) and start measuring the RSSI values of nearby APs of the plurality of APs (108). The updated scan radio unit (118-2) may erases its path with the earlier connected AP where the previous route associated with the old data radio unit may be removed to avoid data loss during a handover process.
[0047] The new data radio unit (118-1) may add the route and initiate the data transfer between the new data radio unit (118-1) and the new AP. The network may use a handoff process on the plurality of APs (108). Both the data radio unit (118-1) and the scan radio unit (118-2) may have the same internet protocol (IP) address. In an embodiment, the client device (112-1) may communicate with the plurality of APs (108) when mounted on the high mobility vehicle and may be configured to continue with faster switching of APs of the plurality of APs (108) within the same network. The client device (112-1) may continue interface switching between the data radio unit (118-1) and the scan radio unit (118-2) during each roaming session.
[0048] For example, in the roaming method, two radio units (118-1, 118-2) may be provided on the client side, i.e., a data radio unit R1 (118-1) and a scan radio unit R2 (118-2). Initially, the mobile client radio may be connected to the first AP 1 and the second AP 2. The data radio unit R1 (118-1 start transmitting the data, while the scan radio unit R2 (118-2) may act as a scanning radio during this period performing aggressive scans for the APs in the communication network.
[0049] If the RSSI on the channel connecting the data radio unit R1 (118-1) and the first AP 1 (108-1) falls below the threshold, the scan radio unit R2 (118-2) may determine that the second AP 2 (108-2) is the best AP. The data radio unit R1 (118-1) may still be sending and receiving data through the first AP 1 (108-1) at this point. At this point, a route may be added to the scan radio unit R2 (118-2) and designate the scan radio unit R2 as a new data radio R1 (118-1). The new mapping to interface data radio unit R1 (118-1) may be reflected in a routing table on the client accordingly. To update an address resolution protocol (ARP) cache and keep the return path to the client (112-1), the router behind the second AP 2 (108-2) may receive a free ARP. Now the scan radio unit R2 (118-2) may send and receive data only through the second AP 2 (108-2). On the other hand, the data radio unit R1 (118-1) may cease to be a data radio unit and become a new scan radio R2 (118-2) that re-associates with a new AP, namely AP 3 (108-3).
[0050] Similarly, the functionality may continue for the remaining APs in the network. For every handover, two activities may occur simultaneously. One may be to switch between interfaces from data to scan and scan to data radio unit. On the other hand, another radio may be roaming from one AP to another AP in the same mobility domain. The dual radio method may alternate between the scan and data modes of operation for the two radios. This approach gets rid of every element compared to the conventional implementation’s handover delay.
[0051] In an embodiment, the 106 having RIM software may be developed to switch between APs (108) based on the RSSI threshold. The RSSI scanning software may be designed to continuously scan the signal strength at given frequencies. The RIM software may continuously read the RSSI values of all APs (108) and save the APs (108) with the best RSSI value. Whenever the current AP’s RSSI value is below the pre-defined threshold, the client (112-1) may be requested to send a roaming request with the new AP.
[0052] In an embodiment, a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) server-client model with socket programming may be used for implementing the proposed method. The software modules for the UDP server-client model may include three modules. The three modules may include the client RSSI module, server scan module, and server roam module. In the client RSSI module, three operations may be performed. The RSSI scan module may continuously scan all the available APs (108) and store the details like service set identification (SSID), frequency, and RSSI value.
[0053] The current AP module may keep the record of the attached AP details and send it to the client module. In the client module, the data received from both modules may be packetized and sent to the server scan module. The server scan module may perform two operations i.e., receive data from the client module, depacketize, store the AP’s details, and continuously monitor the RSSI values of APs (108) and further store the best RSSI valued APs details. If the current AP’s signal strength is below the pre-defined threshold, then a roaming module may be triggered.
[0054] In an embodiment, the roaming module may packetize the best RSSI values, AP details, and send them to the server roam module. The server roam module may perform two operations. One is the switching of APs and the other is the switching of interfaces. AP may order the client radio to roam to the respective AP using wpa_supplicant commands. Interface switch orders the client to change from a scan interface to a data interface and further from the data interface to the scan interface correspondingly. Static routes may be added to the respective data interface and a target AP may be connected. Further, the roaming module may terminate the connection with old data radio and delete the associated route.
[0055] In an embodiment, the system (100) may include the mobility emulator (110) that employs programmable attenuators with an attenuation profile to emulate a real-time and high-speed environment. The mobility emulator (110) may include a programmable attenuator (114) and a controller (116) as shown in FIG. 1. The controller (116) may help to configure the attenuators based on the attenuation profile. The attenuation profile may be generated based on speed and distance parameters. The attenuation profile may be created for a speed of 200 km/h with a distance resolution of 5.5 m per 100 ms. The programmable attenuator (114) may help in adjusting the signal strength of the AP, which in turn may mimic an illusion of a moving network.
[0056] The amount of time taken by a client to transition from one AP to another may be known as the total switching delay. The switching delay may be calculated as the interval of time between the client’s association and de-authentication request frames. When a client transitions from one AP to another, the client sends, to the old AP, a de-authentication frame before sending the association and authentication frames to the new AP. The time it takes to configure the routing table, change the route on the interfaces, transmit a free ARP may be used to test the performance of the system (100). In an exemplary embodiment, the entire handover latency may take less than 30 milliseconds.
[0057] Real-time environment may be simulated using a streaming application called jperf. Jperf may be used to send the UDP data packets and examine the performance of the handoff technique in both indoor and outdoor configurations. The jperf programme may be installed at both RIM and client’s host to send recurring data packets. Each request may include a time stamp, making it simple to examine a missing UDP packet. The designed software may keep track of each handoff’s arrival time, round-trip time, signal quality, and associated AP details. Data may be written to a file for offline processing after the application ends. Each pilot run may consist of a mobile client and four APs operating in the 5 GHz bands using the 802.11n standard.
[0058] In an exemplary embodiment, a vehicle may move 100 metres in 1.78 seconds while travelling at 200 kilometres per hour. Therefore, there must be a handoff every 2 seconds (or 100 m). The onboard radio may change to the following radio station with the best RSSI value when the vehicle crosses the handover position. The handover for testing may represent a 0.05% packet loss during each handover.
[0059] Therefore, the present disclosure overcomes the drawbacks, shortcomings, and limitations associated with existing solutions, and creates make before break with roam (MBBr) technique with a dual radio approach to prevent the handover overhead. The system significantly reduces transmission time which is critical for high-mobility vehicles. The system alternates between the scan and data modes of operation for the two radios, performs integration of two radio cards into one client as two radio stations alternate scanning and data transmission functions, and provides a make-before-break (MBB) handover technique for high-speed vehicles.
[0060] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network architecture (100), in other embodiments, the network architecture (100) may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture (100) may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture (100).
[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary block diagram (200) of the radio system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0062] Referring to FIG. 2, the system (200) may comprise one or more processor(s) (120) that may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and/or any devices that process data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processor(s) (120) may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (202) of the system (200). The memory (202) may be configured to store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to create or share data packets over a network service. The memory (202) may comprise any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as random-access memory (RAM), or non-volatile memory such as erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM), flash memory, and the like.
[0063] In an embodiment, the system may include an interface(s) (204). The interface(s) (204) may comprise a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output (I/O) devices, storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) (204) may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system (200). Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, processing engine(s) (206) and a database (208).
[0064] The processing engine(s) (206) may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine(s) (206). In examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing engine(s) (206) may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing engine(s) (206) may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine(s) (206). In such examples, the system may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system (200) and the processing resource. In other examples, the processing engine(s) (206) may be implemented by electronic circuitry.
[0065] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may configure a first radio unit (118-1) of the apparatus (100) as a data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus (100) to a first connected AP of the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network. The processor (120) may configure a second radio unit (118-2) of the apparatus (100) as a scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network. In response to the scanning of the plurality of APs (108), the processor (120) may monitor RSSI values of the plurality of APs (108) and store the RSSI values in the database (208). The processor (120) may determine whether the RSSI value of the first connected AP is less than a pre-defined threshold. In response to a positive determination, the processor (120) may determine a second AP of the plurality of APs (108) with the highest RSSI value. Based on the determination of the second AP, the processor (120) may cause the second radio unit (118-2) to connect to the second AP and configure the second radio unit (118-2) as the data radio unit for the data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the second connected AP. The processor (120) may configure the first radio unit (118-1) as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network.
[0066] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be include an attenuator that is configured to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs (108) and simulate a turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit (118-1) and the second radio unit (118-2) for the data transmission.
[0067] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured with a switching delay that determines a period for enabling the turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit (118-1) and the second radio unit (118-2) for the data transmission.
[0068] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured to transmit a deauthentication frame to the first radio unit (118-1) when the RSSI value of the first connected AP being less than the threshold, and consecutively transmit an authentication frame to the second radio unit (118-2) during the simulation of the turbo switching mechanism.
[0069] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured to continuously enable the data transmission via the first radio unit (118-1) until the configuration of the second radio unit (118-2).
[0070] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured to erase a path associated with the first connected AP prior to the data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the second connected AP.
[0071] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured to enable a similar turbo switching mechanism across all the data radio units configured for the data transmission in the communication network.
[0072] In an embodiment, the processor (120) in response to a negative determination, may utilize the first radio unit (118-1) of the apparatus (100) as the data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the first connected access point (AP) of the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network. The processor (120) may utilize the second radio unit (118-2) of the apparatus (100) as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network.
[0073] In an embodiment, the processor (120) may be configured to enable a similar turbo switching mechanism across all the data radio units configured for the data transmission.
[0074] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (300) for seamless roaming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0075] As depicted in FIG. 3, at step (302), the client data radio unit (R1) may connect to AP1 and scan radio unit (R2) may scan for nearby APs.
[0076] At step (304), the data radio unit (R1) and the scan radio unit (R2) may complete the connection process with two APs i.e., AP1 and AP2.
[0077] At step (306), the data radio unit (R1) may connect to AP1 and start sending data.
[0078] At step (308), the scan radio unit (R2) may start scanning RSSI values of all the APs in the network.
[0079] At step (310), the RIM may monitor the RSSI values of all Aps in the network. At step (312), the RIM may calculate the best RSSI.
[0080] At step (314), the system may determine if RSSI of the connected AP is lesser than a pre-defined threshold. At step (316), if the RSSI of the connected AP is less than the pre-defined threshold, the roam command may be triggered. If the RSSI of the connected AP is more than the pre-defined threshold, then the RIM may continue to monitor the RSSI values of all APs in the network.
[0081] Referring to FIG. 3, at step (318), based on a positive determination observed from step (316), the scan radio unit (R2) may connect to AP2 and become the data radio unit (R1).
[0082] At step (320), the data radio unit (R1) may re-associate to the new AP and become the new scan radio unit (R2).
[0083] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary time chart (400) for seamless roaming, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0084] As illustrated in FIG. 4, Td refers to sending data period, Ts refers to scanning period, Ta refers to association period (depends on security algorithms used), Tc refers to convergence time (depends on ground network), and Th refers to handover duration = Tc.
[0085] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary attenuation profile (500) for velocity, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0086] As illustrated in FIG. 5, the graphical view of an attenuation profile for velocity 200 kmph with a distance resolution of 5.5m for 100 msec is provided. The real-time high-speed environment may be simulated using programmable attenuators with an attenuation profile.
[0087] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary computer system (600) in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0088] As shown in FIG. 6, the computer system (600) may include an external storage device (610), a bus (620), a main memory (630), a read-only memory (640), a mass storage device (650), a communication port(s) (660), and a processor (670). A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system (600) may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor (670) may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) (660) may be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication ports(s) (660) may be chosen depending on a network, such as a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system (700) connects.
[0089] In an embodiment, the main memory (630) may be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory (640) may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chip for storing static information e.g., start-up or basic input/output system (BIOS) instructions for the processor (670). The mass storage device (650) may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces).
[0090] In an embodiment, the bus (620) may communicatively couple the processor(s) (670) with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus (620) may be, e.g. a Peripheral Component Interconnect PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB, or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects the processor (670) to the computer system (600).
[0091] In another embodiment, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, keyboard, and cursor control device may also be coupled to the bus (620) to support direct operator interaction with the computer system (600). Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) (660). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system (600) limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0092] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0093] The present disclosure provides a system and a method for seamless roaming in a high-speed automotive wireless system.
[0094] The present disclosure provides a system and a method that utilizes a make-before-break (MBB) handover technique in the high-speed automotive wireless system.
[0095] The present disclosure provides a system and a method that significantly reduces transmission time critical for high-mobility vehicles.
[0096] The present disclosure provides a system and a method that utilizes a dual-radio method for data transmission that alternates between scan and data modes of operation and prevents a handover delay observed in conventional systems.
[0097] The present disclosure provides a system and a method that utilizes a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from an access point (AP) and determines the operation of the dual-radio method.
 
, Claims:1. An apparatus (100) for high mobility wireless communication in a communication network, the apparatus (100) comprising:
a processor (120); and
a memory (202) coupled to the processor (120), wherein the memory (202) comprises processor-executable instructions that when executed by the processor (120), causes the processor (120) to:
configure a first radio unit (118-1) of the apparatus (100) as a data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus (100) to a first connected access point (AP) of a plurality of APs (108) in the communication network;
configure a second radio unit (118-2) of the apparatus (100) as a scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network;
in response to the scanning of the plurality of APs (108), monitor received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values of the plurality of Aps (108);
determine whether the RSSI value of the first connected AP is less than a threshold;
in response to a positive determination, determine a second AP of the plurality of APs (108) with highest RSSI value; and
based on the determination of the second AP:
cause the second radio unit (118-2) to connect to the second AP;
configure the second radio unit (118-2) as the data radio unit for the data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the second connected AP; and
configure the first radio unit (118-1) as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network.
2. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, comprising an attenuator that is configured to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs (108) and simulate a turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit (118-1) and the second radio unit (118-2) for the data transmission.
3. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor (120) is configured with a switching delay that determines a period for enabling the turbo switching mechanism between the first radio unit (118-1) and the second radio unit (118-2) for the data transmission.
4. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor (120) is configured to transmit a deauthentication frame to the first radio unit (118-1) based on the RSSI value of the first connected AP being less than the threshold, and consecutively transmit an authentication frame to the second radio unit (118-2) during the simulation of the turbo switching mechanism.
5. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processor (120) is configured to continuously enable the data transmission via the first radio unit (118-1) until the configuration of the second radio unit (118-2).
6. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second radio unit (118-2) is configured to erase a path associated with the first connected AP prior to the data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the second connected AP.
7. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processor (120) is configured to enable a similar turbo switching mechanism across all the data radio units configured for the data transmission in the communication network.
8. The apparatus (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein, in response to a negative determination, the processor (120) may be configured to continuously monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of Aps (108).
9. A method for high mobility wireless communication in a communication network, the method comprising:
configuring, by a processor (120), a first radio unit (118-1) of an apparatus (100) as a data radio unit for data transmission from the apparatus (100) to a first connected access point (AP) of a plurality of APs (108) in the communication network;
configuring, by the processor (120), a second radio unit (118-2) of the apparatus (100) as a scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network;
in response to the scanning of the plurality of APs (108), monitoring, by the processor (120), received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values of the plurality of APs (108);
determining, by the processor (120), whether the RSSI value of the first connected AP is less than a threshold;
in response to a positive determination, determining by the processor (120), a second AP of the plurality of APs (108) with highest RSSI value; and
based on the determination of the second AP,
causing, by the processor (120), the second radio unit (118-2) to connect to the second AP;
configuring, by the processor (120), the second radio unit (118-2) as the data radio unit for the data transmission from the apparatus (100) to the second connected AP; and
configuring, by the processor (120), the first radio unit (118-1) as the scan radio unit for scanning the plurality of APs (108) in the communication network.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein, in response to a negative determination, the method comprises continuing to monitor the RSSI values of the plurality of APs (108).