Description:FIELD OF INVENTION
[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to ventilator Machine. More particularly, the present disclosure relates system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the understanding of the reader with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.
[0003] In general, proportional valves are often used in medical ventilators to control the flow of gas to the patient's lungs. Hysteresis control is a technique that is commonly used to ensure accurate and consistent valve control. Hysteresis is the phenomenon in which a system's response depends on its previous history or input. In the context of proportional valves, hysteresis occurs when the valve's position lags behind the control signal, resulting in a delay in the response of the valve.
[0004] To overcome hysteresis in proportional valves, various control strategies can be employed. An existing technology enables usage of complex machine learning algorithm to determine the behavior of the actuator under different ambient conditions subject to different external condition are used to predict the output of the system and accordingly take corrective action to achieve the desired result. In another existing technology, the usage of neural network for determination of system and actuator behavior are used whose data is collected subject to external conditions and parameters. The system and actuator response is then categorized into different operation zones according to the analysis which is done on the data. This control system makes assumptions on the behavior of system to predict the output and subsequently provide corrective measure. Another existing technology discloses breath by breath analysis on the data obtained from inspiratory flow sensor expiratory flow sensor inspiratory pressure sensor expiratory pressure sensor and other sensors for determination of system parameters on the basis of which the control parameter of actuators is determined or tuned.
[0005] However, these solutions may need complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms that tend to burden the system processing the large information that increases the overall cost of the component used in the system. Furthermore, such an implementation makes the hardware and software system complex and more susceptible to errors.
[0006] There is, therefore, a requirement in the art for a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator accurately control the actuator output which contains hysteresis in a system whose response is nonlinear over the entire range of operation and is subject to change under external operating or ambient conditions, that address at least the above-mentioned problems in the art.

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0008] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator.
[0009] It is an object of the present disclosure to providing a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0010] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which enables usage to achieve a user set PIP in mechanical ventilator system comprising of different sensor and feedback system.
[0011] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which provides feedback and feedforward control techniques together to provide effective hysteresis control and improve the overall performance of the system.
[0012] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which are compact, easy to use ventilator systems to support patients.
[0013] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, to employ non-invasive mechanisms to interface with the patient.
[0014] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, eliminating usage of complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms which burden the system with the processing of large information.
[0015] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which provides feedback and feedforward control techniques together to provide even greater accuracy and stability in the control of proportional valves in medical ventilators.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0016] Some of the objects of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies are as listed herein below.
[0017] The present invention relates generally to system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator.
[0018] In an aspect, the present invention provides a system for regulating pressure in a ventilator. The system comprises a first inlet valve, a second inlet valve, a mixing chamber, and a dynamic Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller. The first inlet valve can be configured to receive air from an external source. The second inlet valve can be configured to receive oxygen from the external source. The mixing chamber can be coupled to the first inlet valve and the second inlet valve, and configured to combine the received air and oxygen, based on a proportion set by an user to achieve a Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) during the inspiration cycle of a breathing cycle. The dynamic Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller can comprise one or more processors coupled with a memory, wherein said memory stores instructions which when executed by the one or more processors causes the PID controller to accurately control one or more factors at any point of time by the user, based on the real time data of one or more pressure sensors and errors pertaining to one or more setpoints. The one or more factors comprises at least one of a nonlinearities of the patient's lung, a hysteresis of one or more proportional valves, a rate of change of error, a rate of change of output, and an initial and final gain of the PID controller.
[0019] In an aspect, the one or more setpoints comprises at least one of the PIP, and a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), wherein the one or more setpoints are associated with effects comprises at least one of a overshoot in pressure, an undershoot in pressure, and a fluctuations in the flow delivered to the patient.
[0020] In an aspect, the system can be configured to dynamically control the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to maintain the setpoints subjected to changes based on one or more set parameters. The one or more set parameters comprises at least one of a temperature, a magnitude of error, a direction of error, a compliance of the patient's lung, a resistance of the patient lung, and a type of patient circuit.
[0021] In an aspect, the system can be configured to obtain a pressure setpoint value at an initial stage of an inspiration cycle based on the PIP, the PEEP, and a predefined pressure rise time, wherein the PIP achieves a constant value based on elevation in the predefined pressure rise time.
[0022] In an aspect, the predefined pressure rise time comprises at least one of a time in seconds and a time in percentage of inspiration cycle.
[0023] In an aspect, the system can be configured to determine by the dynamic PID controller the rate of transition for one or more setpoints between the PEEP and the PIP.
[0024] In an aspect, the system can be configured to alter at least one controller gain values by the dynamic PID controller based on a position of a current pressure and the rate of change in sensor data along with input, wherein the at least one controller gain values comprise at least one of a proportional gain, an integral gain, and derivative gain.
[0025] In an aspect, the system can be configured to update the at least one controller gain values for the one or more pressure set points between the PEEP and the PIP.
[0026] In an aspect, a method for regulating pressure in a ventilator system. The method may include the step of delivering, by a first and second inlet valves, the required flow of at least one of air and oxygen. The method may include the step of achieving, by one or more sensors and a feedback system, a Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) during the inspiration cycle of a patient based on a proportion set by a user. The method may include the step of accurately controlling, by a dynamic PID controller, one or more factors at any point of time by a user, based on the real time data of one or more pressure sensors and errors pertaining to one or more pressure setpoints. The one or more factors can comprise at least one of a nonlinearity of the patient’s lung, a hysteresis of one or more proportional valves, a rate of change of error, a rate of change of output, and an initial and final gain of the PID controller.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this invention, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present invention. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that invention of such drawings includes the invention of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.
[0028] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed a system for regulating pressure in a ventilator, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIGs. 2A-2G illustrates an exemplary graph depicting for different condition in which a normal tuned PID control algorithm, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIGs. 3A-3B illustrates an exemplary graph showing dynamically changing compliance and resistance of the patient’s lungs due, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION
[0033] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address all of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussed above. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein.
[0034] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth.
[0035] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
[0036] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
[0037] The word “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and/or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive—in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as an open transition word—without precluding any additional or other elements.
[0038] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
[0039] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0040] The following terms/acronyms have been used in the disclosure:
[0041] Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)- may refer to a value that can be set up in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. PEEP also refers to the pressure in the lungs (alveolar pressure) above atmospheric pressure (the pressure outside of the body) that exists at the end of expiration. There are two types of PEEPs -extrinsic PEEP (PEEP applied by a ventilator) and intrinsic PEEP (PEEP caused by an incomplete exhalation).
[0042] Peak Inspiratory Pressure (PIP)- may refer to the highest level of pressure applied to the lungs during inhalation. In mechanical ventilation, it may refer to positive pressure in centimeters of water pressure (cmH2O).
[0043] Proportional Integral derivative (PID) controller – may refer to a control loop mechanism employing feedback that is used in industrial control systems and a variety of other applications requiring continuously modulated control. A PID controller may continuously calculate an error value as the difference between a desired setpoint (SP) and a measured process variable (PV) and applies a correction based on proportional, integral, and derivative terms.
[0044] Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) - may refer to use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet. Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.
[0045] Invasive ventilation (IV) – or mechanical ventilation, assisted ventilation or intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV), may refer to use of a machine (e.g., a ventilator) to fully or partially provide artificial ventilation. Mechanical ventilation helps move air into and out of the lungs, with the main goal of helping the delivery of oxygen and removal of carbon dioxide.
[0046] Embodiments of systems and methods disclose for regulating pressure in a ventilator for Hysteresis control of proportional valves in medical ventilator based on the real time data of pressure sensors and their errors w.r.t the setpoint. The system of the present invention accurately controls the output of the valves at any point of time such that the overshoot and error at the output are under acceptable limit according to the clinical requirement of different medical device standards.
[0047] In an embodiment, the basic requirement of the medical ventilator is to provide the positive inspiration pressure (PIP) during the inspiration cycle of the breathing cycle with the mixing of oxygen gas and air gas in the proportion set by the user. Since there are two gases a valve is used for each of the gas and since 2 valves are used the?hysteresis?effect of the solenoid proportional have drastic effect on the output since the forward and reverse control dynamic change w.r.t input and multiple other parameters such as temperature, magnitude of error, direction of error, compliance of the patient's lung, resistance of the patient lung, type of patient circuit used and multiple other ambient and system parameters. The proposed system provides the controller gains thus making the PID controller dynamic, whereby the final output which is achieved is always in the acceptable range and is most accurate to the user set value in all the circumstances and conditions possible.
[0048] FIG. 1 illustrates a system on which the disclosed a system for regulating pressure in a ventilator, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0049] In an embodiment, the system 100 can be configured to deliver a constant user set pressure throughout its operation and allow the patient to breath spontaneously at a time instant. The system 100 can be configured to maintain a constant Bias Flow at the Expiration Limb when the patient is neither inhaling nor exhaling. Further, the system 100 can be configured to mix air and oxygen during the spontaneous breathing of the patient according to Fio2 set by the user. Further, the system 100 can be configured to maintain the set pressure irrespective of any other condition and achieve equilibrium of ventilator.
[0050] In an embodiment, the system 100 for achieving Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in a dual limb circuit in a ventilator device comprises a first inlet valve 102, a second inlet valve 104, a mixing chamber 126, and a Voice Coil Actuator (116) on which PID Controller operates. The ventilator device operates in a non-invasive mode of ventilation wherein a mask is used for the delivery of ventilator gas into the lungs of a patient by positive pressure. System 100 comprises the first inlet valve 102 (also known as air source), the second inlet valve 104 (also as known as oxygen source) coupled to a plurality of pressure regulators 106-1, 106-2 respectively. The plurality of pressure regulators 106-1, 106-2 can be configured to control the pressure of a fluid or gas to a desired value, using negative feedback from the controlled pressure. Further, the pressure regulator 106-2 can be coupled to an ON/OFF valve 110, to control the flow of oxygen. The ON/OFF valve 110 can be further coupled to a differential pressure sensor 112 configured to measure the difference in pressure at one or more ports.
[0051] Further, the voice coil actuator116 can be configured to receive the flow of oxygen and air with positive pressure and transmitted to the patient through an expiratory limb 122 of an expiration port via a Y-piece 124.
[0052] Further, the pressure regulator 106-1 receives the air from the first inlet valve 102, and the pressure regulator 106-2 receives the oxygen from the oxygen source 104. The contribution of each gas is determined by a user set parameter of set FiO2. One or more proportional valves 108-1, 108-2 can provide the received air and oxygen to a mixing chamber 126 which is associated with a pressure sensor 126. The ventilator gas corresponds to a mixture of air and oxygen that is delivered to a humidifier 130 by taking into consideration a pre-set Fio2 by a user. The combined air and oxygen is provided to the humidifier 126, which adds moisture to the received air to prevent dryness that can cause irritation in many parts of the body of a patient 134. Finally, the flow of oxygen and air is transmitted to the patient 134 through an inspiration limb 132 of an inspiration port via a Y-piece 124.
[0053] In an embodiment, the system 100 includes the PID controller communicatively coupled to a plurality of sensors 112, 114, in the ventilator device. The PID controller on which the voice coil actuator 116 can be operated to receive one or more sensor signals from the plurality of sensors 104, 106. The one or more sensor signals are indicative of a drop in pressure in the ventilator device beyond a predetermined threshold pressure. The voice coil actuator 116 can be configured to the constant set pressure continuously at an expiratory limb based on a first stage PID control, a second stage PID control, and an equilibrium of the system, allowing a patient to breath spontaneously at a time instant. The PID controller can determine the leakage in the ventilator device based at least on the one or more sensor signals. The PID controller can be operated on an expiratory VCA actuator 116 incorporating a first input and a second input, wherein the first input is the pressure, and the second input is the expiratory flow.
[0054] In another embodiment, System 100 for regulating pressure in a ventilator can comprise an inhalation tube, and an expiration tube. The inhalation tube is configured to provide inhalation air to the patient. The expiration tube is configured to facilitate during expiration the air from the lungs to expire through an expiratory control valve.
[0055] In an embodiment, the PID controller can be configured to accurately control one or more factors at any point of time by the user, based on the real time data of one or more pressure sensors and errors pertaining to one or more setpoints. The one or more factors comprises at least one of a nonlinearity of the patient’s lung, a hysteresis of one or more proportional valves, a rate of change of error, a rate of change of output, and an initial and final gain of the PID controller. The one or more setpoints comprises at least one of the PIP, and a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), wherein the one or more setpoints are associated with effects comprises at least one of an overshoot in pressure, an undershoot in pressure, and a fluctuations in the flow delivered to the patient. Further, the system can be configured to dynamically control the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to maintain the setpoints subjected to changes based on one or more set parameters. The one or more set parameters comprises at least one of a temperature, a magnitude of error, a direction of error, a compliance of the patient's lung, a resistance of the patient lung, and a type of patient circuit.
[0056] In an embodiment, the system can obtain a pressure setpoint value at an initial stage of an inspiration cycle based on the PIP, the PEEP, and a predefined pressure rise time, wherein the PIP achieves a constant value based on elevation in the predefined pressure rise time. The predefined pressure rise time comprises at least one of a time in seconds and a time in percentage of inspiration cycle. Further, the dynamic PID controller determines the rate of transition for one or more setpoints between the PEEP and the PIP. The system 100 can alter at least one controller gain values by the dynamic PID controller based on a position of a current pressure and the rate of change in sensor data along with input, wherein the at least one controller gain values comprise at least one of a proportional gain, an integral gain, and derivative gain. Finally, the at least one controller gain values for the one or more pressure set points between the PEEP and the PIP is updated.
[0057] In another embodiment, system 100 can provide real-time leakage compensation in non-invasive modes of ventilation, where the mask is used for delivery of oxygen rich air into the lungs via positive pressure. System 100 can determine and compensate for the leakage at different points in the patient circuit. For the logic to properly determine and compensate for any leakage in the patient circuit, the inspiration and expiration limb of the patient circuit shall be connected to the inspiration and expiration port of the ventilator. System 100 can ensures appropriate behavior and determination of leakage at all other possible points of connection in the patient circuit. For example, connection of humidifier/filters/water traps/connecting tubing.
[0058] FIGs. 2A-2G illustrates an exemplary graph depicting for different condition in which a normal tuned PID control algorithm, is implemented in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0059] In an embodiment, a human lung model and patient circuit comprises of resistance and capacitance. Due to this the system becomes nonlinear and when a normal PID control algorithm is employed to achieve the desired set pressure. Thus, there is an overshoot in pressure, undershoot in pressure, irregularities or fluctuations in the flow delivered to patient (FIG. 2A-2B), more or less rise time in pressure as opposed to what is desired by the user according to the set parameters. The FIGs. 2C-2G depicts waveforms for different conditions in which a normal Tuned PID control algorithm fails to achieve the desired result at different operating conditions of ambient and patient.
[0060] In an embodiment, FIG. 2C depicts when the PID controller i.e. the values for kp ki and kd are tuned for a lung model of particular resistance and compliance. It causes an overshoot in pressure when the lung compliance is low and resistance is low.
[0061] In an embodiment, FIG. 2D depicts when the PID controller is tuned i.e. the values for kp ki and kd are tuned for a lung model of particular resistance and compliance it causes an undershoot in pressure when the lung compliance is high and resistance is low.
[0062] In an embodiment, FIG. 2E depicts when PID controller is tuned i.e. the values for kp ki and kd are tuned for a lung model of particular resistance and compliance it causes an oscillation in pressure when the lung compliance is low and resistance is high.
[0063] In an embodiment, FIG. 2F depicts when PID controller is tuned i.e., the values for kp ki and kd are tuned for a lung model of particular resistance and compliance it causes an oscillation in pressure when the lung compliance is low to high, and resistance is very high.
[0064] In an embodiment, FIG. 2G depicts the waveform caused due to the non-linearity of the system, even if the PID controller tuned for working at a particular condition of lung compliance and resistance, the same control parameter will not work for lung with different compliance and resistance as it is desired and will cause and error in the output.
[0065] FIGs. 3A-3B illustrates an exemplary graph showing dynamically changing compliance and resistance of the patient’s lungs due, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0066] In an embodiment, a major contributing factor along with non-linear lung compliance and resistance of the lung is the hysteresis of the proportional valve which also causes an error in the output. Thus, the PID controller which works independent of both non linearities of the actuator and system to make the PID controller dynamic as depicted in FIGs. 3A-3B.
[0067] In another embodiment, once the inspiration cycle begins the set PIP is required to be achieved, thus a curve which is linear in nature is calculated between the PEEP and PIP for the pressure set points according to the pressure rise time set by the user. The pressure rise time set can be in the form of time in seconds or time as a percentage of inspiration cycle, in either case from the start of inspiration until the rise time the set point of pressure is in linearly increasing nature, the equation (1) represents the pressure set point at any time instant between the start of inspiration to the rise time:
Pressure_set_point=(PIP_pressure-Peep_pressure*current_time/rise_time)+Peep_pressure -------- equation (1)
[0068] Further, once the rise time the pressure set point is constant which is PIP_pressure. Now due to non-linearity of lung the rate at which the pressure rises in a lung of compliance and resistance is different from that of other compliance and resistance. To Adapt for the nonlinear lung and hysteresis of proportional valve the PID controller can be made dynamic by changing the gains of controller according to the rate of change sensor data with respect to rate of change of input. To determine the dynamic rate of change for every pressure set point between the Peep pressure to the PIP pressure a nonlinear exponentially decreasing PID gain curve is plotted between Pip pressure and Peep pressure, this gain values of the PID controller are changed according to position at which the current pressure lies. To determine which gain is required for controller at the current pressure sensor data a position of gain is determined by equations (2) and (3)
Gain_position=(Current_pressure-Set_peep_pressure)/((Pip_above_peep_pressure - peep_pressure) / number_of_pressure_points) ---- equation (2)
Gain_factor=1- pow (e, exp_slope * ( -1 * (Gain_position - (number_of_pressure_points / 2)) + (number_of_pressure_points / 2) )) / number_of_pressure_points exp_slope = 1.5 ---- equation (3)
Gain_value = (max_gain - min_gain) * (Gain_factor) + min_gain
Hence after updating the gain values (kp, ki, kd) for each current pressure between the PEEP and PIP pressure the Overshoot, undershoot in pressure are controlled and also the oscillation in pressure and flow graphs are controlled without any error is depicted in FIG. 3B.
[0069] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present invention can be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0070] As shown in FIG. 4, computer system 400 can include an external storage device 410, a bus 420, a main memory 430, a read only memory 440, a mass storage device 450, communication port 460, and a processor 470. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system may include more than one processor and communication ports. Examples of processor 470 include, but are not limited to, an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium 2 processor(s), or AMD® Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), Motorola® lines of processors, FortiSOC™ system on chip processors or other future processors. Processor 470 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present invention. Communication port 460 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fibre, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. Communication port 460 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which computer system connects. Memory 430 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. Read-only memory 440 can be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or BIOS instructions for processor 470. Mass storage 450 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and/or instructions. Exemplary mass storage solutions include, but are not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and/or Firewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks (e.g., SATA arrays),
[0071] Bus 420 communicatively couples processor(s) 470 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. Bus 420 can be, e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), USB or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (FSB), which connects processor 470 to software system.
[0072] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g., a display, keyboard, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to bus 420 to support direct operator interaction with a computer system. Other operator and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through communication port 460. The external storage device 410 can be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc – Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc-Re-Writable (CD-RW), Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM). Components described above are meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system limit the scope of the present disclosure.
[0073] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the invention. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter to be implemented merely as illustrative of the invention and not as limitation.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0074] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator.
[0075] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which is efficient, cost-effective, dynamic, and simple.
[0076] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which enables usage to achieve a user set PIP in mechanical ventilator system comprising of different sensor and feedback system.
[0077] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which provides feedback and feedforward control techniques together to provide effective hysteresis control and improve the overall performance of the system.
[0078] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which are compact, easy to use ventilator systems to support patients.
[0079] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, to employ non-invasive mechanisms to interface with the patient.
[0080] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, eliminating usage of complex computer-based machine learning and neural network algorithms which burden the system with the processing of large information.
[0081] The present disclosure provides a system and method for regulating pressure in a ventilator, which provides feedback and feedforward control techniques together to provide even greater accuracy and stability in the control of proportional valves in medical ventilators.

, Claims:1. A system (100) for regulating pressure in a ventilator , the system (100) comprises:
a first inlet valve (102) configured to receive air from an external source;
a second inlet valve (104) configured to receive oxygen from the external source;
a mixing chamber (126) coupled to the first inlet valve (102) and the second inlet valve (104), and configured to combine the received air and oxygen, based on a proportion set by an user to achieve a Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) during the inspiration cycle of a breathing cycle; and
a dynamic Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller comprises one or more processors (470) coupled with a memory (430), wherein said memory (430) stores instructions which when executed by the one or more processors (470) causes the PID controller to:
accurately control one or more factors at any point of time by the user, based on the real time data of one or more pressure sensors and errors pertaining to one or more set points, wherein the one or more factors comprises at least one of a nonlinearities of the patient's lung, a hysteresis of one or more proportional valves, a rate of change of error, a rate of change of output, and an initial and final gain of the PID controller.
2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more set points comprises at least one of the PIP, and a Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP), wherein the one or more set points are associated with effects comprises at least one of a overshoot in pressure, an undershoot in pressure, and a fluctuations in the flow delivered to the patient.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
dynamically control the Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller to maintain the setpoints subjected to changes based on one or more set parameters, wherein the one or more set parameters comprises at least one of a temperature, a magnitude of error, a direction of error, a compliance of the patient's lung, a resistance of the patient lung, and a type of patient circuit.
4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
obtain a pressure set point value at an initial stage of an inspiration cycle based on the PIP, the PEEP, and a predefined pressure rise time, wherein the PIP achieves a constant value based on elevation in the predefined pressure rise time.
5. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the predefined pressure rise time comprises at least one of a time in seconds and a time in percentage of inspiration cycle.
6. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
determine by the dynamic PID controller the rate of transition for one or more set points between the PEEP and the PIP.
7. The system (100) as claimed in claim 6, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
alter at least one controller gain values by the dynamic PID controller based on a position of a current pressure and the rate of change in sensor data along with input, wherein the at least one controller gain values comprises at least one of a proportional gain, an integral gain, and derivative gain.
8. The system (100) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the system (100) is configured to:
update the at least one controller gain values for the one or more pressure set points between the PEEP and the PIP.
9. A method for regulating pressure in a ventilator system (100), the method comprises:
delivering, by a first inlet valve (102) and a second inlet valve (104), the required flow of at least one of air and oxygen;
achieving, by one or more sensors and a feedback system (100), a Positive Inspiration Pressure (PIP) during the inspiration cycle of a patient based on a proportion set by an user; and
accurately controlling, by a dynamic PID controller, one or more factors at any point of time by an user, based on the real time data of one or more pressure sensors and errors pertaining to one or more pressure set points, wherein the one or more factors comprises at least one of a nonlinearities of the patient's lung, a hysteresis of one or more proportional valves, a rate of change of error, a rate of change of output, and an initial and final gain of the PID controller.