[DESCRIPTION]
[Title of Invention]
SYSTEM CONTROL APPARATUS FOR EQUIPMENT
[Technical Field]
The present invention relates to a system control apparatus for
equipment, and more particularly, to a system control apparatus
for equipment that causes a plurality of pieces of equipment to
collaboratively operate with one another in accordance with the
properties of the equipment to realize an intended control.
[Background Art]
[0002]
Equipment of all sorts, such as energy equipment and production
equipment, has increased, and these various types of equipment are
equipped with advanced computer processing capabilities, making
it important that this equipment be used collaboratively.
[0003]
For example, in electric power distribution systems (the power
grids of the electric power companies, the in-plant power
distribution systems of manufacturing plants, and the
independently operated power distribution systems that provide
power to office buildings), end-user voltage rises at night when
the load is low, and voltage falls during the daytime when the load
is high. As a result of this, trouble may occur when using
electrical equipment. In the technology described in PTL 1, the
voltage in a power distribution line system is controlled by
2
I @ allowing collaboration among fuel cells, storage batteries, and
1
other such equipment installed at facilities in order to connect
new energy resources, such as solar power and wind power, storage
batteries, and new power-demanding equipment, such as electric
vehicles and large-scale heat pump-based hot water heaters, to
electric power grids while stabilizingthe power distribution line
sys tems .
[0004]
In the technology described in PTL 2, an operation indication
terminalforcontrollingspecificplantequipmentusingaplurality
of control apparatuses is provided, an identification code of an
operation command is sent from the operation indication terminal
to an operation control apparatus, each control apparatus receives
the identification code and executes a control operation, and the
drive apparatus ofthe plant equipment is drivenin accordance with
the result of this operation.
[Citation List]
[Patent Literature]
[0005]
[PTL 11
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2002-44870
[PTL 21
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. H5-284569
[Summary of Invention]
I @ However, in the technology described in PTL 1, a center i n s t r u c t s
1
the f a c i l i t y a s t o t h e p o w e r being generatedby, and the power being
transmitted/receivedto/froma f u e l c e l l and/or a storage battery,
and as such, data on the e l e c t r i c power generation of t h e f u e l c e l l ,
the amountofenergystoredinthe s t o r a g e b a t t e r y , and the e l e c t r i c
power consumption of the load must be sent/received to/from the
c e n t e r . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e c e n t e r ' s computermuststoreinput/output
data on fuel c e l l s , storage b a t t e r i e s , and other such equipment,
create and s t o r e d e t a i l e d d a t a on theequipmen t i n s t a l l a t i o n s t a t u s
of a l l the f a c i l i t i e s , and must prepare control programs t a i l o r e d
t o each piece of equipment. However, in an a c t u a l system, where
equipment is constantlybeing augmented and replaced, changes must
be made t o the system configuration each time a piece of equipment
is added or replaced, making it d i f f i c u l t t o build and maintain
a systemwithin t h e l i m i t e d number of person hours t h a t can be spent
for system operation.
[0007]
In PTL 2, an i d e n t i f i c a t i o n c o d e t h a t a control apparatus is capable
of receiving and operating on must be defined beforehand, and a
control operation program f o r performing processing on t h e b a s i s
of the i d e n t i f i c a t i o n code must be prepared i n each control
apparatus and i n s t a l l e d in the control apparatus beforehand as an
arithmetic f u n c t i o n . I n addition, in a case where the plants
targeted for control by the respective control apparatuses do not
have the same equipment configuration, d i f f e r e n t programs and
functions must be prepared for each control apparatus beforehand.
4
@ Therefore, when controlling a variety of electrical power equipment,
such as generators having various properties (solar power
generators, diesel power generators, gas turbine generators,
co-generation systems and various other types, in which the
capacity, responsiveness, boot-up time, shutdown time, and
continuous operating time differ for the same type of equipment),
storage batteries (lead batteries, lithium-ion batteries, NaS
batteries, and various other types, in which the capacity,
responsiveness, boot-up time, shutdown time, and continuous
operating time differ for the same type of storage battery), and
voltage regulators (SVR, SVC, power capacitors, coils, and so
forth), the problemis that the number of identification codes that
has to be defined beforehand and the number of program functions
that has to be defined beforehand become enormous, making it
difficult todevelopandmaintainthe system. Inaddition, inorder
to control the equipment, it is necessary to continuously send
identification codes one by one to the control apparatus from the
operation indication terminal, giving rise to problems from the
standpoint of system operation in that the processing done by the
operation indication terminal becomes enormous, and when the
operation indication terminal shuts down due to a failure or the
like, the control apparatus ceasestofunction, making it difficult
to control the system as a whole.
[Solution to Problem]
[0008]
To solve the above-mentioned problems, a system control apparatus
5
I for power equipment r e l a t e d t o the present invention includes
equipment p r o f i l e management means for managing an equipment
p r o f i l e t h a t is metadata representing the e l e c t r i c a l properties
o f t h e equipment (includingdynamicproperties, andproperties such
a s t h e type of e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t t h a t is capable of being formed
withanotherpieceofequipment), control scenariomanagementmeans
formanaging a c o n t r o l scenario in which is describedmetadatathat
s t a t e s an operation t o be f u l f i l l e d by the equipment, equipment
detection means for d e t e c t i n g a group of usable equipment,
e l e c t r i c a l s t a t u s monitoring means for monitoring an e l e c t r i c a l
s t a t u s related t o t r a n s f e r of e l e c t r i c a l power caused by equipment
interconnections, equipment s e l e c t i o n means for s e l e c t i n g
equipment for use on the basis of the metadata described i n the
control scenario and the equipment p r o f i l e , and control execution
means for c o n t r o l l i n g t h e s e l e c t e d equipment.
[Advantageous Effects of Invention]
[0009]
The present invention makes it possible t o build a system t h a t
e l e c t r i c a l l y c o l l a b o r a t i v e l y o p e r a t e s power equipmentwhen power
equipment is augmented by the introduction of new energy resources
and new power-demanding equipment.
[Brief Description of Drawings]
[ O O l O ]
[Fig. 11
Fig. 1 i s a drawingofthe hardware configurationofpower equipment
system.
Fig. 2 i s a d r a w i n g o f t h e hardwareconfigurationofa s y s t e m c o n t r o l
a p p a r a t u s .
[Fig. 31
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of p r o c e s s i n g i n t h e system c o n t r o l
a p p a r a t u s .
[Fig. 41
Fig. 4 is a f l o w c h a r t showing system c o n t r o l p r o c e s s i n g .
[Fig. 51
Fig. 5 is a f l o w c h a r t showing an equipment s e l e c t i o n process i n
d e t a i l .
[Fig. 61
Fig. 6 is a drawing showing an equipment p r o f i l e .
[Fig. 71
Fig. 7 is a drawing showing a c o n t r o l s c e n a r i o .
[Fig. 81
Fig. 8 is a drawing showing a voltage d i s t r i b u t i o n i n a case where
the system c o n t r o l of t h i s embodiment has been performed.
[Fig. 91
Fig. 9 is a drawing of t h e hardware c o n f i g u r a t i o n of a power
equipment-embedded c o n t r o l a p p a r a t u s .
[ D e s c r i p t i o n of Embodiments]
[OOll]
This embodiment w i l l be e x p l a i n e d below by r e f e r r i n g t o t h e
drawings.
Fig. 1 is a drawing showing t h e hardware c o n f i g u r a t i o n of a power
7
equipment system r e l a t e d t o t h i s embodiment. This is a
c o n f i g u r a t i o n i n which a n i n - p l a n t power d i s t r i b u t i o n system,
manufacturing e q u i p m e n t , a n d power g e n e r a t i o n equipment a t a
manufacturing p l a n t a r e c o n f i g u r e d i n t o a s y s t e m u s i n g e l e c t r i c a l
c o n n e c t i o n s and i n f o r m a t i o n communication c o n n e c t i o n s . Power
r e c e i v i n g equipment 1 draws i n e l e c t r i c a l power a t a s p e c i a l high
v o l t a g e (a 22-kV r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e ) from an o r d i n a r y power g r i d
2 u s i n g power r e c e i v i n g l i n e s 11, 31, t r a n s f o r m s t h i s e l e c t r i c a l
power t o a high v o l t a g e ( a 6.6-kV r e f e r e n c e v o l t a g e ) u s i n g
t r a n s f o r m e r s 14, 33, and d i s t r i b u t e s t h e power from a g e n e r a t i n g
l i n e 5 t h r o u g h o u t t h e p l a n t u s i n g f e e d e r l i n e s 51, 5 2 , 5 3 , 5 4 .
S e c t i o n s w i t c h e s 17, 18, 19, 37, 38, 39 a r e i n s t a l l e d on t h e f e e d e r
l i n e s , making it p o s s i b l e t o change t h e e l e c t r i c a l c i r c u i t
c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f t h e power d i s t r i b u t i o n s y s t e m b y s w i t c h i n g . The
g e n e r a t i n g l i n e 5 is i s o l a t e d on t h e s i d e of t h e t r a n s f o r m e r 14
and t h e s i d e of t h e t r a n s f o r m e r 33 by an i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s w i t c h
20. I n a c a s e w h e r e e i t h e r o f t h e t r a n s f o r m e r s h a s m a l f u n c t i o n e d ,
a backup power s u p p l y is p r o v i d e d by s e t t i n g t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n
s w i t c h 20 t o t h e connected s t a t e . An i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s w i t c h 21
o r t h e l i k e is i n s t a l l e d s o t h a t a f e e d e r l i n e c a n b e i n t e r c o n n e c t e d
t o an a d j a c e n t f e e d e r l i n e . When t h e r e i s a mishap i n a f e e d e r
l i n e , t h e s e c t i o n s w i t c h e s b e f o r e a n d b e h i n d t h e p o i n t o f t h e m i s h a p
t r a n s i t i o n t o t h e d i s c o n n e c t e d s t a t e , and a backup power supply
c a n b e p r o v i d e d t o t h e i s o l a t e d f e e d e r l i n e f r o m t h e a d j a c e n t f e e d e r
l i n e b y s e t t i n g t h e i n t e r c o n n e c t i o n s w i t c h t o t h e connected s t a t e .
[0012]
A boiler generator 26 and production lines 27, 47 are connected
tothefeederlinesusingareferencevoltageof6.6 kV. This 6.6-kV
reference voltage is transformed to a lower voltage (a 400-V
reference voltage) by the transformers 25, 40, 41, and a solar cell
28, a special production line 29, and a storage battery 30 are
connected to one feeder line, and a micro gas turbine generator
43 and a heat pump-based hot water heater 44, a solar cell 45, and
a storagebattery 46 are connected toanother feeder line. Circuit
breakers 12, 13, 15, 16, 23, 24, 32, 34, 35, 36, 42 are installed
for preventing short-circuit mishaps. The pieces of power
equipment are connected to an information communication network
3, and send information such as an operating state, a switching
state, a power generation state, or a power storage state, as well
as receive control information. A system control apparatus 4
receives the power equipment information via the information
communication network 3, performs computing related to equipment
operation, and sends control information.
[0013]
Power equipmentreferstopowerdistributionsystemequipment, such
as a transformer, a switch, a circuit breaker, and a feeder line,
as well as power-generating equipment, such as a boiler generator,
a micro gas turbine generator, a solar cell, and a storage battery
4, and power-using equipment that consumes power, such as a heat
pump-based hot water heater, a production line, and a special
production line. Sensors for measuring active power, reactive
power, and voltage are mounted to the switch and the transformer,
9
,@ and the sensor-measured values are t r a n s f e r r e d t o the system
control apparatus 4 via the information communication network 3.
I
I Each piece of power equipment comprises a b u i l t - i n control
apparatus 1100.
[0014]
Fig. 2 i s a drawing showingthehardware c o n f i g u r a t i o n o f t h e system
control apparatus 4 . The system control apparatus 1 comprises a
CPU201, amainmemory202, a n i n p u t / o u t p u t i n t e r f a c e 203, a network
i n t e r f a c e 204, and a storage apparatus 205, and these components
are connected by a bus.
[0015]
The storage apparatus 205 comprises a HDD o r t h e l i k e , and stores
a program for r e a l i z i n g the functions of an equipment p r o f i l e
management part 206, a control scenario management p a r t 207, an
equipmentdetectionpart 208, an e l e c t r i c a l s t a t u s monitoring part
209, an equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t 210, a control execution p a r t 211,
and a main equipment s e l e c t i o n part 212. The equipment p r o f i l e
management p a r t 206 manages an equipment p r o f i l e i n a case where
there is metadata representing the e l e c t r i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of the
equipment. As used here, metadata is d a t a . t h a t assigns an
a t t r i b u t e .
[0016]
The control scenariomanagement part207 manages a control scenario
in which i s described metadata t h a t s t a t e s an operation t o be
f u l f i l l e d b y t h e equipment (a specificexample o f a control scenario
w i l l be described further below using Fig. 7 ) . The equipment
10
@ detection part 208 detects equipment targeted for control. The
electrical s t a t u s m o n i t o r i n g p a r t 2 0 9 m o n i t o r s anelectrical state,
such as the voltage of each part of the feeder line from the sensors
in the switches and transformers, and the sensors in the
power-generating equipment and the power-using equipment. The
equipment selection part 210 selects equipment to be used in
accordance with the metadata describedinthe control scenario and
the equipment profile. The control execution part 211 performs
control for the selected equipment. The main equipment selection
part212 specifiesthepowerequipmentthatwillbeallowedtomainly
operate. The equipment information 213 is a database for storing
the equipment profile and information related to the main
equipment.
[0017]
The CPU10 realizesthe various functions byperformingprocessing
for reading the above-mentionedprogram fromthe storage apparatus
205 into the main memory 202 and executing this program. The
functions explained hereinabove may be realized using hardware.
The program for realizing the above-mentioned functions 5 may be
installed from a storage medium such as a CD-ROM, or may be
downloaded from another apparatus by way of a network.
[0018]
Fig. 9 is a drawing showing the hardware configuration of a power
equipment-embedded control apparatus 1100 provided in each piece
of power equipment. The power equipment-embedded control
apparatus 1100 comprises a CPU 1101, a main memory 1102, an
11
@ i n p u t / o u t p u t i n t e r f a c e 1103, a network i n t e r f a c e 1104, and a
s t o r a g e a p p a r a t u s 1105, and t h e s e components a r e connected v i a a
bus o r t h e l i k e . The s t o r a g e a p p a r a t u s 1105 comprises an HDD or
t h e l i k e . The power equipment-embedded c o n t r o l a p p a r a t u s 1100
comprises f u n c t i o n s f o r s t a r t i n g and s t o p p i n g such f u n c t i o n s a s
t h e g e n e r a t i o n of power, t h e o p e r a t i o n , t h e c h a r g i n g / d i s c h a r g i n g ,
a n d t h e supplyingofhotwaterofthepowerequipment, and f u n c t i o n s
f o r t h e e x e c u t i o n of o p e r a t i o n a l c o n t r o l , t h e p r o c e s s i n g o f s e n s o r
d a t a , and communications w i t h t h e system c o n t r o l a p p a r a t u s 4 .
These f u n c t i o n s a r e r e a l i z e d b y r e a d i n g t h e program i n t h e s t o r a g e
a p p a r a t u s 1105 t o t h e main memory 1102 and e x e c u t i n g t h i s program.
[0019]
The functionsexplainedhereinabovemaybe r e a l i z e d u s i n g h a r d w a r e .
The program f o r r e a l i z i n g t h e above-mentioned f u n c t i o n s may be
i n s t a l l e d from a s t o r a g e medium such a s a CD-ROM, o r may be
downloaded from a n o t h e r a p p a r a t u s v i a a network.
[0020]
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of t h e p r o c e s s i n g o f t h e system c o n t r o l
a p p a r a t u s .
[0021]
A main equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t 307 selects, i n accordance with
i n p u t f r o m t h e i n p u t / o u t p u t i n t e r f a c e 203, t h e power equipment t h a t
is t o b e m a i n l y o p e r a t e d . For example, t h e s o l a r c e l l 28 i s
s e l e c t e d .
[0022]
I n o r d e r f o r t h e main equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t 307 t o o b t a i n main
12
@ equipment i n p u t , main equipment c a n d i d a t e s may be d i s p l a y e d w i t h
r e s p e c t t o t h e i n p u t / o u t p u t i n t e r f a c e 203. The main equipment
c a n d i d a t e s aredisplayedinorderfromthepieceofequipmenthaving
t h e lowest carbon d i o x i d e e m i s s i o n s per amount of e l e c t r i c a l power
g e n e r a t e d . O r , t h e c a n d i d a t e s aredisplayedinorderfromthepiece
ofequipmenthavingthelowestfueluseperamountofpowergenerated.
O r , t h e c a n d i d a t e s a r e d i s p l a y e d i n o r d e r f r o m t h e p i e c e o f e q u i p m e n t
having t h e g r e a t e s t impact on t h e v o l t a g e a n d / o r f r e q u e n c y o f t h e
power d i s t r i b u t i o n system. At t h i s t i m e , i n o r d e r t o select a main
e q u i p m e n t c a n d i d a t e , t h e m a i n e q u i p m e n t s e l e c t i o n p a r t 3 0 7 a c q u i r e s
i n f o r m a t i o n r e l a t e d t o t h e carbon d i o x i d e e m i s s i o n s , f u e l u s e ,
power g e n e r a t i o n , a n d u n c o n t r o l l a b l e p o w e r g e n e r a t i o n f l u c t u a t i o n s
(amount of power g e n e r a t e d u s i n g n a t u r a l energy r e s o u r c e s t h a t
cannot be c o n t r o l l e d ) of t h e equipment from t h e equipment p r o f i l e
management p a r t 301. T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n is s t o r e d i n t h e equipment
i n f o r m a t i o n 213.
[0023]
For automation p u r p o s e s , t h e main equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t 307 may
b e c o n f i g u r e d s u c h t h a t a selectionismadeautomaticallyfromamong
t h e main equipment c a n d i d a t e s w i t h o u t exchanges w i t h t h e
i n p u t / o u t p u t i n t e r f a c e . For example, s e l e c t i o n s a r e made i n o r d e r
f r o m t h e main equipment c a n d i d a t e h a v i n g t h e l o w e s t carbon d i o x i d e
e m i s s i o n s , f u e l use, power g e n e r a t i o n , and u n c o n t r o l l a b l e power
g e n e r a t i o n f l u c t u a t i o n s (amount of power g e n e r a t e d u s i n g n a t u r a l
energy r e s o u r c e t h a t cannot be c o n t r o l l e d ) .
100241
The equipment profile management part 301, after receiving from
the input/output interface 203 an equipmentprofile describingthe
properties of the main equipment selected by the main equipment
selection part 307, records and stores this equipment profile, and
outputs the data of the equipment profile in accordance with an
invocation from the equipment selection part 305 or the like.
[0025]
The equipmentprofile input maybe transferred fromthe controller
embedded in the power equipment via the information communication
network 3 (the content of the equipment profile will be explained
further below using Fig. 6) .
[0026]
The control scenario management part 302 receives, records and
stores an input of a control scenario described in the metadata,
such as the electrical operating condition to be fulfilled by the
equipment, from the input/output interface 203, and outputs the
control scenario data in accordance with an invocation from the
equipment selection part 305, the control execution part 306 or
the like.
[0027]
The equipment detection part 303 monitors the power equipment by
way of the information communication network 3, detects whether
it is possible for the power equipment to have an electrical
connectionpathtoa feeder line or the like as a result of equipment
installation work and to operate by receiving a control command
from the system control apparatus 4, and outputs the detection
14
a results as operability information.
[0028]
The electrical status monitoring part 304 collects via the
information communication network 3 sensor measurement values for
the active power, reactive power, andvoltage of power distribution
system equipment, power-generating equipment, and power-using
equipment, either monitors or estimates the electrical status
(power distribution system status) occurring in accordance with
the transfer of power in the respective sections and components
ofthe feeder lines andother powerlinesinterconnectingthe power
equipment, and outputs this electrical status to the control
execution part, the equipment selection part and the like.
[0029]
A steady voltage drop e (relative to the neutral point voltage)
in a section of a power line can be expressed using the following
formula, where I is the line current, R is the circuit resistance,
X is the circuit reactance, and cose is the load power factor, and
the voltage can also be estimated for a portion of a power line
for which the direct voltage is not measured.
[0030] .
e = I (R cose + X sine)
The equipment selection part 305, based on data from the equipment
profile management part 301, the control scenario management part
302, the equipment detection part 303, and the electrical status
monitoring part 304, outputs to the control execution part 306 as
an equipment selection command "Select a number of pieces of power
15
@ equipment (secondary equipment)" for realizing collaborative
operational control for allowing the control execution part 306
to carry out, in line with the control scenario, the control
necessary for the power generation and operation of the equipment
(for example, the solar cell 45 and the special production line
29) specified by the input/output interface 203. The secondary
equipment will be explained further below in Steps 503 through 506
of Fig. 5.
The control necessary for performing the power generation and
operation of the specified equipment includes control aimed at
system stabilization for maintaining within a fixed range the
voltage, whichbecomes unstable as a result ofthe power generation
and operation of the power equipment, and control aimed at
operations that heighten the economical efficiency of power
generation.
[0031]
The control execution part 306 executes equipment control having
a control scenario, an equipment selection command corresponding
to the control scenario, and information on the power distribution
system status, which is the output of the electrical status
monitoring part, as input.
[0032]
In this embodiment, either blocks 301 through 306 are realized as
the functionsofthe systemcontrol apparatus, orblocks 301through
305 are regarded as the functions of the system control apparatus,
and the function of block 306 is realized as the power
16
@ equipment-embedded controller 1100 function. The realization of
the functions using the latter arrangement makes it possible to
shorten the time required for communication processing from the
monitoring of the electrical status up to the performance of
equipment control in the processing of control execution, and
reduces the likelihood of system processing becoming destabilized
due to communication delays.
[0033]
Fig. 4 is a drawing showing a flowchart of the processing of the
system control apparatus described hereinabove.
Step 401 is the processing of the main equipment selection part
307 described hereinabove.
Step 402 istheprocessingoftheequipmentprofilemanagementpart
301 described hereinabove.
In Step 402, the input of the power equipment profile having an
electrical connection relationship with Step 401 is received and
stored.
[0034]
Step 403 is the processing of the control scenario management part
302 described hereinabove.
Step 404 is the processing of the equipment detection part 303
described hereinabove.
Step 405istheprocessing ofthe electricalstatusmonitoringpart
304 described hereinabove. This processing will be explained in
detail further below using Fig. 6.
Step 406 is the processing of the equipment selection part 305
17
(B described hereinabove.
Step 407 is the processing of the control execution part 306
described hereinabove.
[0035]
Fig. 5 i s a d e t a i l e d f l o w c h a r t o f t h e e q u i p m e n t s e l e c t i o n p r o c e s s i n g
of Step 406 described hereinabove.
In Step 501, a main equipment specification is received when power
equipment, which was specified in Step 401 described hereinabove,
is mainly operated.
In Step 502, a list of operable equipment is prepared on the basis
of the output of the equipment detection part 303 described
hereinabove for other power equipment with which the main
operational equipment has an electrical connection relationship
by way of a power distribution line or the like. The electrical
connection relationship is recorded and stored in the system
control apparatus in accordance with the equipment profile, which
will be described further below using Fig. 6, and input from the
input/output interface 203.
[0036]
In Step 503, information on the electrical properties of the
operable equipment listed in the above-mentioned Step 502 and the
main equipmentis collected fromthe equipmentprofile on the basis
of the output of the equipment profile management part 301, and
alistisprepared. Atthis point, forexample, informationrelated
to the operation of the equipment is summarized in the equipment
profile, and this information includes the amount of power either
18
@ consumed or stored as the equipment operates and a l i m i t on the
amount of energy stored.
[0037]
In Step 504, f i r s t of a l l , a control scenario forthemainequipment
is acquired from t h e c o n t r o l scenario management p a r t 302 (the
control scenario may be control for s t a b i l i z i n g s o l a r power
generation o u t p u t ) . Next, a change i n the voltage s t a t u s between
pieces of power equipment occurring as the main equipment operates
is calculated from information on the e l e c t r i c a l connection
c i r c u i t s o f t h e p o w e r e q u i p m e n t a n d i n f o r m a t i o n o n t h e o u t p u t a n d / o r
power consumption (charging energy) of the main equipment, and the
s t a b i l i t y o f t h e p o w e r d i s t r i b u t i o n systemis computed andassessed
( t h e e x t e n t , i n terms of e i t h e r a percentage or an amount, t o which
the change i n the voltage s t a t u s deviates from the normal voltage
level is computed and a s s e s s e d ) .
[0038]
In Step 505, the s t a b i l i t y of the power d i s t r i b u t i o n system i s
determined using the s t a b i l i t y computation and assessment
described hereinabove (for example, a determination is made as t o
whether the deviation exceeds 10% of the normal voltage l e v e l ) ,
and in a case where the system is unstable, the processing advances
t o Step 506. In a case where the system is s t a b l e , the processing
advances t o Step 507.
[0039]
In Step 506, f i r s t of a l l , candidate equipment (collaboratively
operated secondary equipment) t h a t w i l l influence power
19
@ distribution system stability in accordance with operating in
collaboration with the main equipment are selected from the list
of operable equipment described hereinabove on the basis of the
information in the list of electrical properties described
hereinabove. Inthe selection, equipmentforwhichtheinformation
"Main power equipment to be connected
(Equipment.MernberOf- E quipmentContainer rdf:resource)l1 described
in the equipmentprofile (for example, "secondary side transformer
41") is the same are selected first. In a case where this
informationis the same, whenthemainequipmentispowergeneration
equipment, selections are made in power storage-related equipment
order, such as a storage battery, equipment related to the storage
of energy, such as a heat pump-based hot water heater, and
energy-consuming equipment. After being invoked one time in this
Step, equipment to be collaboratively operated is added each time
a determination of unstable is made and an invocation is performed
once againinStep505. Subsequenttoequipmentforwhichthe "Main
power equipment to be connected" is the same, power equipment, for
which the main power equipment to which main power equipment to
be connected is also connected (for example "feeder line 53") is
the same, is selected as a candidate.
[0040]
In Step 507, an equipment selection command is outputted having
the main equipment and the list of candidates of collaboratively
operated secondary equipment prepared in Step 506 as equipment
identification information.
Fig. 6 shows an equipment profile having a storage battery 46 as
an example. Basic information such as type of equipment
(deviceType = "storage battery"), manufacturer (manufacturerType
= "name of manufacturing firm"), model name (model = "ES400V200M"),
and version (version = "1. Or'), as well as information (properties)
related to the list of electrical properties, such as properties
for connecting to the power distribution system and forming an
electrical circuit, and individual electrical properties are
described in the equipment profile. In order to show the circuit
configuration, there is described under electrical properties,
such as a name space ( name dictionary of the first
embodiment), which shows the name in the hardware configuration
of Fig. 1 (StorageBattery rdf:ID = "storage battery 45") and in
which the naming of the configuration components related to the
hardware is available, the main power equipment for connection
(Equipment.Member0f- E quipmentContainer rdf: resource =
"secondary-side transformer 41), and the reference voltage
(VoltageLevel.BaseVoltage>400), information on the locationwhere
the equipment is arranged electrically (cim:Location rdf:ID =
Location.PowerSystemResourcerdf:resource="secondary-sidepower
line transformer 41'' of "configuration Fig. I"), information
related to location, such as information (GmlPosition rdf:ID =
"CP1005">) related to the way of representing the axes of the
geographical coordinates (for example, the XI Y coordinates of
latitude and longitude), and coordinate positions
21
@ (GM1Position.Xcoordinate>l87635, GMlPosition. Ycoordinate772863) ,
and under individual electrical properties, there is described a
discharge power (PowerLevel.output 200 kW), a charge input
(cim:PowerLevel.charge input 200 kW), and a charging capacity
(PowerLevel.charging capacity 1000 kwh) in the case of static
electrical properties, and, in addition, information related to
responsiveness as a dynamic electrical property, to include
information related to equipment capabilities such as the order
of a transfer function showing the responsiveness property
(response transfer function order I), a time constant (response
time constant 0.5), and a dead time (response dead time constant
0).
[0042]
The above dynamic electrical properties, in addition to being
expressed using a transfer function, may also be described using
ARMA or another polynomial model, and data for plotting response
properties.
LO0431
Fig. 7 illustrates an example of a control scenario.
The control scenario comparesthe reference voltage tothevoltage,
and controls output of the main equipment A for charging and
consuming in accordance with the power equipment described in the
secondary equipment list B. For example, a plurality of main
equipment may exist here. In accordance with this, a piece of
secondary equipment is selected based on the difference between
the totaled output of the plurality of main equipment and the
22
@ reference voltage.
The control execution part 306 described hereinabove combines the
identification information ofthemain equipment and the secondary
equipment outputted from the equipment selection part 305 with
respect to A and B, which have been abstracted and specified in
the control scenario, and executes control for individual pieces
of equipment.
[0045]
Fig. 8 shows the voltage distribution of the feeder 53 in a case
where the system control of this embodiment has been performed.
As shown in (A), the voltage has ceased to deviate significantly
from the reference voltage.
[0046]
According to this example, it is possible to reduce the number of
man hours required to build and maintain a system for carrying out
control aimed at stabilizing a power distribution system that
maintains system voltage within a fixed range by the electrical
collaboration of various pieces of power equipment, and achieving
economical operation for power generation equipment. In
particular, the present invention is a system for controlling
diverse pieces of power equipment, wherein a power distribution
system can be built and maintained without preparing individual
application programs beforehand for equipment having different
characteristics. The present invention also makes it possible to
realize the coordinated operation of a large number of control
23
@ apparatuses for executing control over a large number of pieces
of equipment using respective control execution apparatuses, and
to eliminate the sudden loss of functions in the system as a whole
due to a failure in a specific apparatus.

We claim:
[Claim 11
A system control apparatus for equipment for controlling
operation of a plurality of pieces of equipment, comprising:
a database configured to store an equipment profile related
to electrical properties of the equipment, information related to
main equipment, which is equipment that needs to be operated among
the plurality of pieces of equipment, and a control scenario in
which a power target value of the plurality of pieces of equipment
and information related to control of the plurality of pieces of
equipment are put together;
an equipment selection part configured to select secondary
equipment to be operated on the basis of the equipment profile,
the main equipment, and the control scenario; and
a control execution part configured to give an operation
indication to the main equipment and the secondary equipment
selected.
[Claim 21
The systemcontrol apparatus for equipmentaccordingto claim
1, wherein the equipment selection part calculates a difference
between the power target value and a value related to a current
power, and selects the secondary equipment on the basis of the
difference therebetween and the equipment profiles of a plurality
of pieces of secondary equipment.
[Claim 31
The systemcontrol apparatus for equipment according to claim
1 or 2, wherein the equipment p r o f i l e includes an amount of power
t o be e i t h e r consumed or stored as the equipment operates, and the
power t a r g e t value i s a voltage value.
[Claim 41
The system control apparatus for equipment according t o any
one of claims 1 t o 3, wherein the equipment p r o f i l e of a storage
b a t t e r y among the equipment includes an amount of stored energy
tobe s t o r e d a s t h e s t o r a g e b a t t e r y o p e r a t e s , a n d a l i m i t o n a storage
capacity, and
the equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t use s t h e amount of storedenergy
and the l i m i t t o s e l e c t equipment t o be operated.
[Claim 51
The system control apparatus for equipment according t o any
one of claims 1 t o 4, wherein the database includes carbon dioxide
emissions of the equipment, and
the equipment s e l e c t i o n p a r t s e l e c t s the equipment in order
fromtheequipmentofwhichthe carbondioxide emissions are lowest.
[Claim 61
A system control method f o r equipment i n a system control
apparatus for equipment f o r c o n t r o l l i n g operation of a p l u r a l i t y
of pieces of equipment, the system control apparatus f o r equipment
comprising:
a database configured t o s t o r e an equipment p r o f i l e r e l a t e d
t o e l e c t r i c a l p r o p e r t i e s of the equipment, information related t o
main equipment, which is equipment t h a t needs t o be operated among
the p l u r a l i t y of pieces of equipment, and a control scenario i n
2 6
which a power target value of the plurality of pieces of equipment
and information related to control of the plurality of pieces of
equipment are put together,
wherein the system control method for equipment comprises
the steps of:
selecting secondary equipment to be operated on the basis
of the equipment profile, the main equipment, and the control
scenario; and
giving an operation indication to the main equipment and the
secondary equipment selected.
[Claim 71
The system control method for equipment according to claim
6, wherein in the step of selecting the equipment, a difference
between the power target value and a value related to a current
power is calculated, and
the secondary equipment is selected on the basis of the
difference therebetween and the equipment profiles of a plurality
of pieces of secondary equipment.
[Claim 81
The system control method for equipment according to claim
6 or 7, wherein the equipment profile includes an amount of power
to be either consumed or stored as the equipment operates, and
the power target value is a voltage value.
[Claim 91
The system control method for equipment according to any one
of claims 6to 8, wherein the equipmentprofile of a storagebattery
27
@ among the equipment includes an amount of stored energy to be stored
as the storage battery operates, and a limit on a storage capacity,
and
in the step of selecting the equipment, the amount of stored
energy and the limit are used to select equipment to be operated.
[Claim 101
The system control method for equipment according to any one
of claims 6 to 9, wherein the database includes carbon dioxide
emissions of the equipment, and
in the step of selecting the equipment, the equipment is
selected in order from the equipment of which the carbon dioxide
emissions are lowest.