Description:FORM 2
THE PATENT ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10, rule 13)

TITLE: SYSTEM FOR TWO-WHEELER SAFETY AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF

INVENTORS
PAUL, Rinika, Indian Citizen
KALIYAPERUMAL, Deepa, Indian Citizen
MARI, Nithya, Indian Citizen
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham
Kasavanahalli, Carmelaram P.O. Bangalore – 560035, India,

APPLICANT
AMRITA VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM
Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Amritapuri, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATION PARTICULARLY DESCRIBES THE INVENTION AND THE MANNER IN WHICH IT IS TO BE PERFORMED

SYSTEM FOR TWO-WHEELER SAFETY AND METHOD OF OPERATION THEREOF
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
None

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention generally relates to automobile safetyand more particularly relates to system and methods for two-wheeler safety.
BACKGROUND OF THE RELATED ART
Today, the Internet of things (IOT)plays a major role in accident detection and alerting systems. The automobile sector has seen numerous innovations in the heavy vehicle and four wheeler sectors in terms of accident alerting system for safety of the driver and the passengers. Even though two-wheeler accidents are the most, very few safety equipment and alerting systems are implemented in two-wheelers. For example, Robert Bosch developed Motorcycle to Vehicle Communication (Rahul George, 2020) which deals with blind-spot detection for two-wheeler. The type of vehicle, speed, position, and direction of travel are all monitored, and a direct communication channel is established using a 5.9 GHz frequency band and a customized wireless LAN standard configuration (Mallikarjuna Gowda C P, et al., 2017). PCT application WO2018067079A1 discloses a biking safety add-on gadget mountable on helmets or vehicles such as bicycles or scooters. The add-on gadget connects to a smartphone having an accelerometer, gyroscope along with a proximity sensor, vibration sensor, and a light sensor.
Theories about airbags for two-wheelers exist with gyroscope sensors incorporated to measure the tilt angle of the two-wheelers (Koduru Harshini et al., 2019). But, if the system is installed in sports bikes, situations during cornering or wheelie will cause false trigger of airbags as the tilt angles with be more than normal.Furthermore, none of the above IOT systems for traffic control rooms and ambulances to minimize fatalities and congestion. Hence, there exist no public use two-wheelers that have incorporated sensor technology to collect vehicle data and the technology of airbags and seatbelts nor have introduced any means to transmit it wirelessly to the traffic control department and the hospitals.To overcome the problems discussed earlier, a system and method to alert and safeguard a two-wheeler rideris needed.
These and other advantages will be more readily understood by referring to the following detailed description disclosed hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing and which are generally applicable to other solar thermal evaporators to fulfill particular application illustrated hereinafter.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to one embodiment of the present subject matter, a system for two-wheeler driver safety has been disclosed. The system includes a plurality of sensorsmounted on a two-wheeler and adapted to detect object in vicinity, obtain angular velocity, rotational motion, orientation changes and determine location of the two-wheeler. The system further includes a plurality of cameras configured to capture images wherein the plurality of cameras are located at the front end of the two-wheeler and the dashboard of the two-wheeler. The system includes a processing unit adapted to receive data from the plurality of sensorsand the plurality of cameras. The processing unit is further configured to receive sensorial inputs from two or more sensors. The processing unit is also configured to compare the sensorial inputs to corresponding threshold values. The processing unit is further configured to confirm the occurrence of a collision if sensorial inputs from two or more of the plurality of sensors exceed threshold values thereof.
In various embodiments, the plurality of sensors comprises at least one collision sensor configured to detect and trigger a signal in case of a collision wherein the collision sensors are placed at front end and rear end of the two-wheeler. The plurality of sensors further comprises at least one ultrasonic sensor configured to detect an object in the vicinity and measure the distance of an object from the two-wheeler andwherein the ultrasonic sensors are located at a handle of the two-wheeler, the right and left sides of the two-wheeler and the rear end of the two-wheeler.The plurality of sensors further comprises a gyroscope configured to obtain rotational motion or orientation changes. The plurality of sensors further comprises a GPS sensor configured to obtain location of the two-wheeler.
In various embodiments, the processing unit is configured to receive images from the plurality of cameras. The processing unit is further configured to perform image comparison of the received images and stored images. The processing unit is adapted to detect that the rider is wearing a helmet and allow unlocking and starting of the two-wheeler after helmet usage is detected.
In various embodiments, the processing unit is configured to receive data from the ultrasonic sensors to obtain distance of an object from the two-wheeler and determine that the distance of the object is within a predefined threshold distance to confirm a collision. In one embodiment the predefined threshold distance is 100meters. In various embodiments, the processing unit is configured to receive data from at least one collision sensors to confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the processing unit is configured to receive data from the gyroscope to obtain current speed, and tilt angle. Further, the processing unit is configured to compare the obtained tilt angle values with predefined threshold values, and confirm a collision has occurred when at least two of the sensors confirm a collision. In one embodiment, the predefined threshold tilt angle values are 10000o/s for x-axis and 15000o/s for z-axis. In various embodiments, in case a collision is confirmed, the processing unit is configured to actuate the airbag relay or a seat belt lock or both. In various embodiments, the processing unit is adapted to send alerts to a law enforcement agencyor a first responder including information as to the location of the two-wheeler from the GPS sensor. In various embodiments, the system and the method of the present invention achieves minimum severity during any kind of collision of the two-wheeler.
In various embodiments, the processing unitis configured to provide network connectivityvia a communication interface to transmit the received data to a cloud storage. In various embodiments, the network protocols used for connectivity include WiFi, GSM, LTE, BLE and MQTT,
According to another embodiment of the present subject matter,a method for two-wheeler driver safety is disclosed. The method involves receiving sensorial inputs format least two or more sensors and comparing the sensorial inputs to corresponding threshold values. The method further involves confirming the occurrence of a collision if sensorial inputs from two or more sensors exceed threshold values.
In various embodiments, the method for two-wheeler driver safety involves receiving images from a plurality of cameras and performing image comparison of the received images with stored images. The method further involves detecting that the rider is wearing a helmet and unlocking and starting of the two-wheeler after helmet usage is detected.
In various embodiments, the method for two-wheeler driver safety involves receiving data from ultrasonic sensors to obtain distance of an object from the two-wheeler and determining that the distance of the object is within a predefined threshold distance to confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the method involves receiving data from at least one collision sensors to confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the method involves receiving data from the gyroscope to obtain current speed and tilt angle. In various embodiments, the method involves comparing the obtained tilt angle values with predefined threshold values followed by confirming a collision has occurred when at least two of the sensors confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the method further includes actuating the airbag relay or a seat belt lock or both. The method further involves sending alerts to a law enforcement agency or a first responder including information as to the location of the two-wheeler from the GPS sensor.
This and other aspects are described herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention has other advantages and features which will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention and the appended claims, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 represents a system for two-wheeler driver safety.
FIG. 2 represents amethod for two-wheeler driver safety.
FIG. 3represents a workflow of helmet detection for two-wheeler driver safety.
FIG. 4 represents a workflow of collision detection.
FIG. 5A illustrates position of various sensors (collision sensor, ultrasonic sensor, gyroscope and cameras) on the two-wheeler.
FIG. 5B illustrates position of various sensors (GPS sensor, , ultrasonic sensor) on the two-wheeler.
FIG. 6 represents a workflow of helmet detection based on Machine Learning
FIG. 7A represents a dashboard for accident alert along with SMS.
FIG. 7B represents a mobile application for accident alert along with SMS.
Referring to the figures, like numbers indicate like parts throughout the various views.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
While the invention has been disclosed with reference to certain embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope.
Throughout the specification and claims, the following terms take the meanings explicitly associated herein unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The meaning of "a", "an", and "the" include plural references. The meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on." Referring to the drawings, like numbers indicate like parts throughout the views. Additionally, a reference to the singular includes a reference to the plural unless otherwise stated or inconsistent with the disclosure herein.
The present subject matter describes a system and method fortwo-wheeler driver safety.
A block diagram of a system for two-wheeler driver safety is illustrated in FIG.1, according to one embodiment of the present subject matter. The system 200 may primarily include a plurality of sensors 104, a plurality of cameras 102 and a processing unit 118. The plurality of sensors 104 may be adapted to detect object in the vicinity of two-wheelers. The plurality of sensors 104 may be adapted to obtain angular velocity, rotational motion, and orientation changes of the two-wheeler. The plurality of sensors 104 may further determine location of the two-wheeler.In various embodiments, the plurality of cameras 102 is configured to capture images. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is adapted to receive data from the plurality of sensors 104 and the plurality of cameras 102. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is further configured to receive sensorial inputs from two or more sensors and compare the sensorial inputs to corresponding threshold values. The processing unit 118 is further configured to confirm the occurrence of a collision 400 if sensorial inputs from two or more of the plurality of sensors exceed threshold values thereof.
In various embodiments, the plurality of sensors 104 may include at least one collision sensors 110. In various embodiments, the collision sensor 110 is configured to detect and trigger a signal in case of collision. In various embodiments, the plurality of sensors 104 may include at least one ultrasonic sensor 106. In various embodiments, the ultrasonic sensor 106 may detect an object in the vicinity and measure the distance of an object from the two-wheeler. In various embodiments, the plurality of sensors 104 includes a gyroscope 112. In various embodiments, the gyroscope 112 is configured to obtain rotational motion or orientation changes. In various embodiments, the plurality of sensors 104 may include a GPS sensor 114 configured to obtain location of the two-wheeler.
In various aspects, the plurality of sensors 104 may be mounted on a two-wheeler and the placement of these sensors 500 is illustrated in FIG. 5A and FIG.5B. In one embodiment, the collision sensors 110 are placed at front end and rear end of the two-wheeler to detect head-to-head collisions that cause a major impact on the two-wheeler as well as the rider. In one embodiment, ultrasonic sensors 106 are located at a handle of the two-wheeler, the right and left sides of the two-wheeler and the rear end of the two-wheeler. In one embodiment, the plurality of cameras 102 is located at the front end of the two-wheeler and the dashboard of the two-wheeler. In various embodiments, two cameras installed on the two-wheeler in the front part of the two-wheeler may capture images of other vehicles and the one on the dashboard may detect if the rider is wearing a helmet or not. In various embodiments, the front view camera may capture vehicles involved in hit-and-run cases and store the data in the cloud, as well as view the conditions of the road.In one embodiment, the gyroscope 112 and the GPS sensors 114 are placed at front end of the two-wheeler.
In various aspects, a method 200 for two-wheeler driver safety is disclosed. A flow diagram of the method 200 is illustrated in FIG.2. The method 200 includes the step 202 of receiving sensorial inputs from at least two or more sensors 104. The method 200 includes step 204 of comparing the sensorial inputs to corresponding thresholding values. The method 200 includes step 206 of confirming the occurrence of a collision if sensorial inputs from two or more sensors 104 exceed threshold values.
With reference to FIG.3, the processing unit 118 is configured to unlock and start the two-wheeler 300. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 receives images 302 from the plurality of cameras 102. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to perform image comparison of the received images and stored images 304. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 detects that the rider is wearing a helmet 306 by image comparison and further allows unlocking and starting of the two-wheeler 308 after helmet usage is detected.
With reference to FIG. 4, the processing unit 118 is configured to receive sensorial inputs from two or more sensors and confirm the occurrence of a collision 400. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to receive data from the ultrasonic sensors 106 to obtain distance of an object from the two-wheeler 402. In various embodiments, the ultrasonic sensors 106 measure the distance of an object using ultrasonic sound waves by sending and receiving ultrasonic pulses that reflect from objects to produce distinct echo patterns and may be computed as shown in (1):
Distance= Time/2× velocity of sound….(1)
The processing unit 118 further determines that the distance 404 of the object is within a predefined threshold distance to confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the ultrasonic sensor 106 is placed to detect an approaching vehicle towards the two-wheeler and measures the distance at all sides. If the distance of the vehicle is less than the minimum required distance to be maintained, the ultrasonic sensor gives an alert for a collision.In one embodiment, the predefined threshold distance is 100 metres. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to receive data from at least one collision sensors 110 to confirm a collision 406. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to receive data from the gyroscope 112 to obtain current speed, and tilt angle 408. In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to compare the obtained tilt angle values with predefined threshold values 410 and confirm that the collision has occurred when at least two of the sensors confirm a collision. In various embodiments, the collision may be calculated using Newton's lawas shown in (2):
F=ma=kx….(2)
wherein, the force (F) due to spring is written as kx where x is the displacement of the body from the initial rest position. As acceleration (a) is a rate of change of velocity and a function of displacement, may be calculated as shown in (3):
a=dv/dt=f(x)….(3)
In various embodiments, the angle of the two-wheeler through in time dt may be calculated as shown in(4):
d∅=rMa/L×dt….(4)
In one embodiment, the predefined threshold tilt angle values are 10000/s for x-axis and 15000/s for z-axis. In various embodiments, in case a collision is confirmed, the processing unit 118 is adapted to actuate an airbag relay 116 or a seat belt lock or both 412. In various embodiments, in case a collision is confirmed, the processing unit 118 is adapted to send alerts 414 to a law enforcement agencyor a first responder including information as to the location of the two-wheeler from the GPS sensor 114.
In various embodiments, the processing unit 118 is configured to provide network connectivity via a communication interface 120 to transmit the received data to a remote network or for cloud storage. In one embodiment, the network protocols used by the communication interface 120 for providing connectivity may include one of WiFi, GSM, LTE, BLE and MQTT.
In various embodiments, the system and the method of the present invention provides two-factor confirmation before validating an accident case. Generally, riders with bikes tend to play around with cornering and wheelies. In such scenarios, on gyroscope-based airbag system with a trigger airbag relay is falsely based on tilt angles and acceleration. Therefore, system and the method of the present invention would prevent false triggers for the airbags. In various embodiments, only when a nearby object is detected by the ultrasonic sensor, the gyroscope tilt angle is measured and an accident is confirmed if the angle is above the threshold. In various embodiments, when an accident occurs, the two-wheeler is likely to topple and fall which will give gyroscope angles out of the given range. When such a situation occurs, the two-wheeler confirms the accident scenario and actuates the relay that inflates the airbag immediately and locks the belt that holds the airbag to the rider, and the buzzer rings.
In various embodiments, the ultrasonic sensors, collision sensors are installed as a part of the safety system to detect head-to-head collisions in the frontal area and rear area of the two-wheeler. In various embodiments, in case of collision, an impact is created opening the normally closed circuit of the sensor, thus providing an output wherein the processing unit triggers the relay indicating an accident and the airbag is actuated, the seat belt is locked to protect the rider and the buzzer is on with a red light indicating danger.
While the above is a complete description of the embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents may be used. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the scope of the invention as described above. In addition, many modifications may be made to adapt to a particular situation or material the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, the above description and the examples to follow should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims.
EXAMPLES
Example 1: Construction of system for two-wheeler driver safety-The hardware setup of the safety system was constructed using four ultrasonic sensors(HC-SR04)installed at four locations in the two-wheeler, front handle, left and right sides of the seat, and at the rear end above the number plate.For dual verification, the MPU6050 accelerometer and gyroscope were installed in the center of the two-wheeler to observe its tilt position. The system also included collision switches, buzzer, and the airbag seatbelt lock relay. The GPS module was also installed in the system to locate the two-wheeler and upload the location to the cloud and send it to the ambulance. A low-cost, low-power microcontroller ESP32 with built-in Wi-Fi and Bluetooth was used.
Example-2: Method of detecting Helmet-When the rider was ready to ride the two-wheeler, the camera first captures the image of the rider. A supervised image classification technique was used to train the model to identify if the rider has worn a helmet. The image classification machine learning (ML) model was built with an accuracy of 92.3%. The model identified if the person is wearing a helmet or not. Before starting the two-wheeler, the rider took a picture (selfie) on his mobile, and the ML model classified the image. If the rider was wearing a helmet, the signal was sent to the processing unit and the two-wheeler was unlocked. FIG.6 illustrates the ML model developed for helmet detection using the Edge impulse platform. The platform had very less training time and is very user-friendly. The system camera was integrated with Edge impulse to directly perform the machine learning operation on the microcontroller. The rider image with a helmet was uploaded and the model correctly classified the helmet.
Example-3: Airbag actuation with seatbelt lockinaccident scenario- Once the helmet was detected, the two-wheeler was unlocked. When the rider turns on the two-wheeler, all the sensors are turned on. The two-wheeler was connected to the internet through Wi-Fi. When the vehicle was turned on for the first time, the rider was asked to register important numbers in the dashboard and these mobile numbers were used to send alert messages and calls if any miss-happenings occur. The ultrasonic sensor data wasread and if nearby obstacles were detected then gyroscope tilt angles were read and sent to the cloud. Collision sensor data was also uploaded for alerting systems. With the probability of an accident given by the ultrasonic sensors, the ESP32 checks the coordinates sensed by the gyroscope. The gyroscope measures the x, y, and z tilt angles and sets a threshold for the regular tilts of the two-wheeler. The thresholds for bike fall are a gyroscope x-axis value of less than 10000/s for left fall and gyroscope z-axis of less than 15000/s for right fall. Once an accident occurs, the airbag relay was actuated with a seatbelt lock to protect the rider. The buzzer rang to alert the nearby people as well. The GPS location was immediately sent to the registered mobile numbers which can be family members. The ambulance was called for immediate medical assistance.
Example 4:Transfer of sensor data to cloud dashboard- The data collected from the ultrasonic sensors and the gyroscope and continuously uploaded to the cloud and stored in the Ubidots cloud platform. The gyroscope angles, all the ultrasonic sensor values, and the crash sensor data were uploaded to the cloud using the MQTT protocol. An action was created for the event whenever the crash was detected. The actions included a red lamp alert whenever an accident was detected that was visible to the traffic control room.Five widgets were created to display gyroscope x and z-axis data as it plays a major role in detecting two-wheeler fall, the distance of vehicles approaching the two wheeler from all sides, and the crash sensor indication. FIG. 7A indicates that a crash has occurred. There was very minimal delay in data transmission through the cloud.
Example 5:Traffic control mobile dashboard- The traffic control room was alerted using the installed android Ubidots application whenever any accident occurred. A notification was received as soon as an accident occurred and alerted the traffic control department. The indicator was turned red displaying any kind of accident. FIG. 7B shows the mobile application with different parameters and the accident alert mechanism. Each graph can be expanded to preview a data log for each unit of time for future analysis with the data which includes accident prediction, the reason for the crash, and many more.
Example 6:Tracking the GPS location-The Twilio platform integrated with ThingSpeak was used for sending GPS location through SMS and Wi-Ficalling facility to intimate any accident that occurs in the two-wheeler. The data was updated from the ESP32 to the ThingSpeak cloud using Wi-Fi protocol. ThingSpeak uses Rest API to create and update different fields in a channel within itself. The Rest API worked on a request-response model communicating over the HTTP protocol. Certain mobile numbers were registered as a part of the system to send alert messages as presented in FIG. 7B. Apart from ambulances or nearby hospitals, family members’ mobile numbers may be registered to inform the family as well when an accident occurs.
, Claims:WE CLAIM:
1. A system (100) for two-wheeler driver safety, the system comprising:
a plurality of sensors (104), mounted on a two-wheeler, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) is adapted to detect object in vicinity, obtain angular velocity, rotational motion, orientation changes and determine location of the two-wheeler;
a plurality of cameras (102) configured to capture images;
a processing unit (118) adapted to receive data from the plurality of sensors (104) and the plurality of cameras (102), the processing unit is further configured to:
receive sensorial inputs from two or more sensors;
compare the sensorial inputs to corresponding threshold values; and
confirm the occurrence of a collision if sensorial inputs from two or more of the plurality of sensors exceed threshold values thereof.

2. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the plurality of sensors (104) comprises:
at least one collision sensor (110) configured to detect and trigger a signal in case of a collision;
at least one ultrasonic sensor (106) configured to detect an object in the vicinity and measure the distance of an object from the two-wheeler;
a gyroscope (112) configured to obtain rotational motion or orientation changes; and
a GPS sensor (114) configured to obtain location of the two-wheeler.
3. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing unit (118) is configured to:
receive images (302) from the plurality of cameras (102);
perform image comparison (304) of the received images and stored images;
detect (306) that the rider is wearing a helmet; and
allow unlocking and starting of the two-wheeler (308) after helmet usage is detected.

4. The system (100) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the processing unit (118) is configured to:
receive data (402) from the ultrasonic sensors (106) to obtain distance of an object from the two-wheeler; and
determine that the distance of the object (404) is within a predefined threshold distance to confirm a collision; or
receive data (406) from at least one collision sensors (110) to confirm a collision; or
receive data from the gyroscope (112) to obtain current speed, and tilt angle; and
compare the obtained tilt angle values (410) with predefined threshold values, and confirm a collision has occurred when at least two of the sensors confirm a collision; and,
in case a collision is confirmed,
actuate (412) an airbag relay (116) or a seat belt lock or both; and
send alerts (414) to a law enforcement agencyor a first responder including information as to the location of the two-wheeler from the GPS sensor (114).

5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the predefined threshold distance is 100metres.

6. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the predefined threshold tilt angle values are 10000o/s for x-axis and 15000o/s for z-axis.

7. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the collision sensors (110) are placed at front end and rear end of the two-wheeler.

8. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ultrasonic sensors (106) are located at a handle of the two-wheeler, the right and left sides of the two-wheeler and the rear end of the two-wheeler.

9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cameras (102) are located at the front end of the two-wheeler and the dashboard of the two-wheeler.

10. The system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing unit (116) is configured to provide network connectivityvia a communication interface (120) to transmit the received data to a cloud storage.

11. The system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the network protocols used by the communication interface 120 for connectivity include one of WiFi, GSM, LTE, BLE and MQTT.

12. A method for two-wheeler driver safety (200), the method comprising:
receiving sensorial inputs (202) from at least two or more sensors (104);
comparing (204) the sensorial inputs to corresponding thresholding values; and
confirming the occurrence of a collision (206) if sensorial inputs from two or moresensors (104) exceed threshold values.

13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method includes:
receiving images from a plurality of cameras (102);
performing image comparison of the received images with stored images;
detecting that the rider is wearing a helmet; and
unlocking and starting of the two-wheeler after helmet usage is detected.

14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method includes:
receiving data from ultrasonic sensors (106) to obtain distance of an object from the two-wheeler; and
determining that the distance of the object is within a predefined threshold distance to confirm a collision; or
receiving datafrom at least one collision sensors (110) to confirm a collision; or
receiving data from a gyroscope (112) to obtain current speed, and tilt angle; andcomparing the obtained tilt angle values with predefined threshold values;
confirming a collision has occurred when at least two of the sensors confirm a collision, and in case a collision is confirmed,
actuatingan airbag relay (116) or a seat belt lock or both; and
sending alerts to a law enforcement agency or a first responder including information as to the location of the two-wheeler from the GPS sensor (114).

Dr V. SHANKAR
IN/PA-1733
For and on behalf of the Applicants