Specification
DESCRIPTION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION
Therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic
syndrome, which comprises a benzylamine derivative represented by formula or a
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a therapeutic or prophylactic agent to diabetes,
obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, which comprises a benzylamine
derivative represented by formula or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition
salt thereof.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Diabetes is a chronic disease caused by dysbolism leading to chronic
hyperglycemic state by insufficient action of insulin. Diabetes is grouped into
type 1 diabetes characterized by insufficient secretion of insulin and type 2
diabetes characterized by lowered secretion of insulin and lowered sensitivity
(insulin resistance). In particular, type 2 diabetes, which accounts for 90 to 95%
of diagnosed diabetes, is said to be closely correlated with the life-style diseases
that worry men of today, such as obesity, hypertension, hyperlipemia and
metabolic syndrome.
[0003] Known diabetes drugs include sulfonylureas, phenylalanine derivatives,
a-glucosidase inhibitors, biguanides, thiazolidine derivatives and the like, but use
of these drugs is restricted, because of accompanied adverse reaction such as
severe hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal tract disorder, liver function disorder or
lactic acidosis. In addition, sulfonylureas and thiazoline derivatives are known
to accelerate increase of body weight (Nonpatent Literature 1).
[0004] Obesity, which is in the state where energy is stored abnormally in adipose tissue
by overeating and lack of exercise, can cause type 2 diabetes and also
hypertension, heart disease and others.
[0005] Anti-obesity drugs include Mazindol, Orlistat, Rimonabant and the like.
Mazindol has primary pharmacologic actions of central suppression of feeding
and acceleration of heat production in peripheral organs, but is often accompanied
with central adverse reactions such as nausea, headache and dizziness, and thus,
strict control is needed for its use. Orlistat suppresses fat absorption and thus
leads to decrease of body weight by inhibiting lipases, but it also inhibits
absorption of lipophillic vitamins, and thus, vitamins should be supplemented, as
needed. Rimonabant suppresses appetite and leads to decrease of body weight
by interaction with cannabinoid 1 receptor, but has a problem of central adverse
reactions such as dizziness, nausea and headache. These anti-obesity drugs have
not only action to reduce body weight but also various disadvantages and adverse
reactions, and for that reason, there exists a need for development of an
anti-obesity drug that is more effective and superior in efficiency in use
(Nonpatent Literatures 2 to 4).
[0006] Dyslipidemia is a disease accompanied with abnormality in blood cholesterol and
triglyceride levels. Dyslipidemia results in arteriosclerosis, further leading to
increase of the risks of coronary disease such as angina cordis and myocardial
infarction. Anti-dyslipidemia drugs are drugs for reduction of the blood
triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels that are important for prevention of
coronary diseases (Nonpatent Literature 5).
[0007] Anti-dyslipidemia drugs include statins (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) such as
pravastatin and atrovastatin; bile acid absorbents such as cholestyramine and
cholestimide; fibrates such as clofibrate and bezafibrate; and the like. Statins
occasionally cause adverse reactions such as digestive organ symptoms and
rhabdomyolysis. Bile acid absorbents have adverse reactions such as
constipation and abdominal bloating and occasionally inhibit absorption of drugs
used in combination. Fibrates should be used carefully with caution to the
adverse reactions such as rhabdomyolysis and liver function disorder. All of
these anti-dyslipidemia drugs have action to decrease serum triglyceride or
cholesterol level, but, in fact, they also have various disadvantages and adverse
reactions (Nonpatent Literature 2).
[0008] Metabolic syndrome is a syndrome in combination of some of abdominal obesity,
hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholestrolemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension,
and it is considered to be a syndrome higher in the risk of arteriosclerotic diseases,
because these symptoms in combination leads to increase of the risk of
arteriosclerotic diseases.
[0009] As for the diagnostic standard of metabolic syndrome, for example, National
Cholesterol Education Program (hereinafter, NCEP) in 2001 defines, as the
metabolic syndrome, a syndrome that have values higher than standards at least in
three risk factors among the risk factors 1 to 5 shown in Table 1. The
International Diabetes Federation (hereinafter, IDF) and the Examination
Committee of Criteria for Obesity Disease in Japan (joint committee of eight
academic societies including Japan Atherosclerosis Society, Japan Diabetes
Society and others) define, as the metabolic syndrome, a syndrome showing
abdominal obesity as essential item and additionally multiple items selected from
hypertriglyceridemia, hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia, hypertension and
hyperglycemia. Because the risk factors are treated only individually in
chemical treatment of metabolic syndrome, there exists a need for a drug that is
effective to multiple risk factors even as a single drug (Nonpatent Literatures 6
and 7).
[0010]
[0011] Under the circumstance above, 03 adrenoreceptor agonists are proposed as a new
drug candidate to type 2 diabetes and obesity (Nonpatent Literatures 8 and 9).
The J33 adrenoreceptors, which are present in the fat cells of rodents and human,
are suggested to have an important role in regulation of fat decomposition and
heat production (Nonpatent Literatures 10 and 11). Functional deterioration of
(33 adrenoreceptor results, for example, in accumulation of body fat and thus, its
correlation with development of obesity is suggested (Nonpatent Literature 12).
However, development of a P3 adrenoreceptor agonist as diabetes drug is so far
unfruitful, because of the adverse reactions on the cardiovascular system.
[0012] Patent Document 1 discloses a P3 adrenoreceptor agonist (amine derivative).
However, there is no disclosed pharmacological data showing the efficacy thereof
to diabetes and obesity.
[0013] Nonpatent Literature 8 discloses the following benzylamine derivative (1) as a (33
adrenoreceptor agonist. However, the data available concerning the efficacy
thereof to diabetes and obesity is only limited to the action of decomposing free
fatty acids.
[0014]
[0015] No drug is developed from the benzylamine derivative (1) above and analogous
benzylamine derivatives, which are fJ3 adrenoreceptor agonists, because there are
adverse reactions on the cardiovascular system (prolongation of QT interval and
increase of heart rate) (Nonpatent Literatures 8 and 13).
[0016] Alternatively, Patent Document 2 discloses a wide range of compounds including
part of the benzylamine derivatives (1) above. However, usefulness of these
compounds to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome is currently
unknown.
PRIOR ART LITERATURE
PATENT DOCUMENTS
[0017] Patent Document 1: JP-ANo. 7-206806
Patent Document 2: USP No. 3341584
Patent Document 3: WO 2008/093767
NONPATENT LITERATURES
[0018] Nonpatent Literature 1: Japan Diabetes Society Ed., "Diabetes Treatment Guide
2008-2009", 2008
Nonpatent Literature 2: Japan Pharmaceutical Information Center Ed., "Medical
Drugs 2008", 2007
Nonpatent Literature 3: Takahashi et al., "Igakuno Ayumi", 2005,213,6, P.549
Nonpatent Literature 4: Saiki et al., "Igakuno Ayumi", 2005,213,6, P.643
Nonpatent Literature 5: Kinoshita, "Saishin Igaku", 2008,63,2, P.7
Nonpatent Literature 6: Hirata et al., "Saishin Igaku", 2006, 61, 3 (Special Issue),
P.579
Nonpatent Literature 7: Okada et al., "Saishin Igaku", 2008,63,2, P.262
Nonpatent Literature 8: Washburn et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2001, 11,
P.3035
Nonpatent Literature 9: Harada et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 2005,53, P. 184
Nonpatent Literature 10: Howe et al., Drug Future, 1993,18, P.529
Nonpatent Literature 11: Arch et al., J. Med. Res. Rev., 1993,13, P.663
Nonpatent Literature 12: Revelli et al., J. Clin. Invest., 1997,100, P. 1098
Nonpatent Literature 13: Gavai et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2001,11, P.3041
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED BY THE INVENTION
[0019] Thus, an object of the present invention is to provide a therapeutic or prophylactic
agent for diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, which can
exhibit significant efficacy at lower dose and does not have an increase of heart
rate or a prolongation of QT interval which is an adverse side effect on the
cardiovascular system.
MEANS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS
[0020] After intensive studies to achieve the object, the inventors have found that in
in-vivo studies by using type 2 diabetes model mice (KK/Ay mice) and
diabetes-obesity model mice (Diet Induced Obesity mice: hereinafter, referred to
as DIO mice), a new benzylamine derivative superior in selectivity to |33
adrenoreceptor has a favorable efficacy to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or
metabolic syndrome, but does not have the adverse reactions on the
cardiovascular system (prolongation of QT interval and increase of heart rate),
which is a serious problem associated with chemical therapy of chronic diseases,
and made the present invention.
[0021] Thus, the present invention provides a therapeutic or prophylactic agent to
diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, which comprises a
benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I)
[wherein, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 represents
an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R3 and R5 each independently
represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl
group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon
atoms]
or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.
[0022] In the therapeutic or prophylactic agent above, R1 is preferably methyl, ethyl,
propyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl; R2 is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl;
R3 and R5 are each independently preferably methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl,
difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chloro; and R4 is preferably a
hydrogen atom, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or isopropoxy.
[0023] More preferably in the therapeutic or prophylactic agent above, R2 is methyl; R3
and R5 are each independently methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl, difluoromethyl,
trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chloro; and R4 is a hydrogen atom, methoxy,
ethoxy, propoxy or isopropoxy, and more preferably, R1 and R are methyl; R3 and
R5 are each independently methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or chloro; and R4 is a
hydrogen atom or methoxy.
[0024] Still more preferably in the therapeutic or prophylactic agent above, R1 and R2 are
methyl; R and R5 are simultaneously methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or chloro;
and R4 is a hydrogen atom.
[0025] The present invention also provides a method for therapy or prophylaxis of
diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, comprising administering
an effective amount of the above-described therapeutic or prophylactic agent.
[0026] Further, the present invention provides use of a benzylamirie derivative
represented by General Formula (I) above or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid
addition salt thereof in production of a pharmaceutical for treatment or prevention
of diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome.
ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION
[0027] The therapeutic or prophylactic agent according to the present invention shows
distinctive therapeutic or preventive effect to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or
metabolic syndrome without adverse reactions to the cardiovascular system such
as increase of heart rate and prolongation of QT interval.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] Figure 1 is a chart showing the influence of the compound of Example 1 on the
blood sugar-reducing action after administration of insulin. The abscissa shows
the time (minutes) after insulin administration, while the ordinate shows the blood
sugar level of mouse. ###p<0.001 vs. normal mice (vehicle administered group),
*p<0.05 and **p<0.01 vs. DIO mice (vehicle administered group) (parametric
Williams test, respectively tested at each point).
Figure 2 is a chart showing the influence of the compound of Example 1 on the
hear rate of conscious rat. The abscissa shows the period (minutes) after drug
administration, while the ordinate shows the heart rate of rat.
DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS
[0029] The terms below used in the present description are defined as follows, unless
specified otherwise.
[0030] The term "alkyl" group means a monovalent linear or branched saturated
hydrocarbon group consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
[0031] The term "alkoxy" group means an -OR group, in which R is the alkyl as defined
herein.
[0032] The term "halogen" atom means fluoro, chloro, bromo or iodo.
[0033] The term "haloalkyl" group means an alkyl as defined herein of which hydrogen
atoms are replaced with the one or more halogen atoms as defined herein at an
arbitrary position.
[0034] The term "diabetes" means a disease diagnosed as diabetes according to the
diagnostic standard, for example, of WHO (World Health Organization), Japan
Diabetes Society, American Diabetes Association or European Association for the
Study of Diabetes and include type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, pregnancy diabetes,
and the like. The type 2 diabetes is characterized by its resistance to the action
of insulin, i.e., "insulin resistance".
[0035] The "insulin resistance" means a disease diagnosed as insulin resistance, based on
theinsulin resistanceindex(fasting bloodsugar(mg/dL)xfastinginsulin
(uU/mL)*-405) or on the results obtained by examination by glucose clamp
method or the like and includes syndrome X additionally. In addition to type 2
diabetes, diseases with "insulin resistance" include, for example, fatty liver,
particularly NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), NASH (non-alcoholic
steatohepatitis), coronary heart diseases (CHDs), arteriosclerotic diseases,
hyperglycemia, lipodosis, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, hyperlipemia,
diabetes complications, pregnancy diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome and the
like.
[0036] The term "dyslipidemia" means a disease diagnosed as dyslipidemia according to
the diagnostic standard, for example, of WHO or Japan Atherosclerosis Society
and includes hyperlipemia, hypercholestrolemia, hyper-LDL-cholestrolemia,
hypo-HDL-cholestrolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and the like.
[0037] The term "obesity" means a disease diagnosed as obesity according to the
diagnostic standard, for example, of WHO or Japan Society for the Study of
Obesity and include "overweight" and others.
[0038] The term "metabolic syndrome" means a disease diagnosed as metabolic
syndrome according to the diagnostic standard, for example, of WHO, NCEP, IDF
or the Committee for Diagnostic Standard of Metabolic Syndrome in Japan
Atherosclerosis Society.
[0039] The term "therapeutic or prophylactic agent" includes an agent used for treatment
or prevention and also an agent used both for treatment and prevention
simultaneously.
[0040] The therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or
metabolic syndrome of the present invention is characterized by containing a
benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I):
¦\ » t
[wherein, R1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 represents
an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R3 and R5 each independently
represent a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a haloalkyl
group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms;
and R4 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon
atoms]
or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof.
[0041] In the benzylamine derivatives represented by General Formula (I), examples of
the alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R1, R2, R3 and R5 include, but are
not limited to, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl,
hexyl and the like.
[0042] Examples of the haloalkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R3 and R5 include,
but are not limited to, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, difluoromethyl, dichloromethyl,
trifluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl and the
like.
[0043] Examples of the alkoxy groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms of R3, R4 and R5
include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy,
tert-butoxy and the like.
[0044] Examples of the halogen atoms of R3 and R5 include, but are not limited to, fluoro,
chloro, bromo, iodo and the like.
[0045] Typical favorable examples of R1 to R5 are shown below. However, these groups
are only typical examples, and R1 to R5 are not limited to these groups.
[0046] R1 is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl or tert-butyl, more preferably
methyl or isopropyl, and still more preferably methyl.
[0047] R2 is preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl, more preferably, methyl, ethyl
or propyl, and still more preferably methyl.
[0048] R3 and R5 are each independently, preferably methyl, ethyl, fluoromethyl,
difluoromethyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy, ethoxy or chloro, more preferably
methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or chloro, and R3 and R5 are still more
preferably simultaneously methyl, trifluoromethyl, methoxy or chloro.
[0049] R4 is preferably a hydrogen atom, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy or isopropoxy, more
preferably a hydrogen atom, methoxy or ethoxy, and still more preferably a
hydrogen atom or methoxy.
[0050] The benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) has two
asymmetrical carbon atoms, so that optical isomers and diastereomers which are
based thereon exist. The present invention also includes these single isomers or
a racemate or diastereomer mixture thereof.
[0051] Examples of the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the
benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) include, but are not
limited to, inorganic acid salts such as hydrochloric acid salt, sulfuric acid salt,
nitric acid salt, hydrobromic acid salt, hydroiodic acid salt and phosphoric acid
salt; organic carboxylic acid salts such as acetic acid salt, lactic acid salt, citric
acid salt, oxalic acid salt, glutaric acid salt, malic acid salt, tartaric acid salt,
fumaric acid salt, mandelic acid salt, maleic acid salt, benzoic acid salt and
phthalic acid salt; organic sulfonic acid salts such as methanesulfonic acid salt,
ethanesulfonic acid salt, benzenesulfonic acid salt, p-toluenesulfonic acid salt and
camphorsulfonic acid salt; and the like.More favorable among them are
hydrochloric acid salt, hydrobromic acid salt, phosphoric acid salt, tartaric acid
salt and methanesulfonic acid salt; and still more favorable are hydrochloric acid
salt, tartaric acid salt and methanesulfonic acid salt; but the favorable examples
are not limited to these salts above.
[0052] Typical preferable examples of the benzylamine derivatives represented by
General Formula (I) are shown in Table 2, but the present invention is not limited
to these examples.
[0054] The benzylamine derivatives of the present invention, represented by General
Formula (I) can be produced by a method suitable to the characteristics thereof
such as the basic skeleton and the kinds of the substituent groups. The starting
materials and reagents used for production of these compounds are generally
commercially available or can be synthesized by a procedure known by those who
are skilled in the art, according to a method described in reference literature such
as Peter et al., "Organic Reaction", Wiley & Sons or Fieser, "Fieser and Fieser's
Reagent for Organic synthesis", Wiley & Sons and the like.
[0055] A typical example of the method of producing the benzylamine derivatives of the
present invention, represented by General Formula (I) is that shown in Scheme 1.
[0056]
[0057] To put it concretely the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula
(I) can be obtained using a method known to those who are skilled in the art, for
example, by reductive alkylation of an amine derivative represented by General
Formula (II) with a benzaldehyde derivative represented by General Formula (III).
[0058] The solvents that may be used include aprotic polar solvents such as
dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylacetamide and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO);
ether solvents such as diethylether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethoxyethane
(DME) and dioxane; hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene and xylene;
halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane, chloroform and
1,2-dichloroethane; alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol and propanol; or
the mixed solvents thereof. Normally, use of an alcoholic solvent such as
methanol or ethanol, in particular methanol, gives favorable results. The
benzaldehyde derivative (III) can be used in an amount of 0.5 to 20 equivalents to
the amine derivative (II), but the ratio used normally, 0.5 to 10 equivalents,
preferably 0.5 to 3 equivalents.
[0059] The reducing agents that may be used include sodium borohydride, sodium
cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride, borane-pyridine complex and
the like, and, in particular, sodium cyanoborohydride and borane-pyridine
complex are used favorably. The reducing agent can be used in an amount of 0.5
to 50 equivalents to the amine derivative (II), but the ratio used is normally, 1 to
20 equivalents, preferably 1 to 10 equivalents.
[0060] A reaction temperature normally of -40 to 150°C, preferably of -30 to 80°C, gives
satisfactory results. The reaction time is selected properly according to the
conditions such as reaction temperature, but normally a reaction time of 30
minutes to 10 hours gives satisfactory results. The concentration of the amine
derivative (II) in the reaction mixture is not particularly limited, but normally,
preferably 0.001 to 1 mol/L.
[0061] It is possible to convert the benzylamine derivative (I) thus obtained to its acid
addition salt by adding an acid to the solution thereof in a suitable solvent. The
solvents that may be used include halogenated solvents such as dichloromethane,
chloroform and 1, 2-dichloroethane; alcoholic solvents such as methanol, ethanol
and propanol; ether solvents such as dioxane and diethylether, or the mixed
solvents thereof. Normally, use of an alcoholic or ether solvent, in particular
methanol, propanol or dioxane, gives favorable results. The amount of the acid
added is not particularly limited, but the ratio is within the range of 1 to 30
equivalents with respect to the benzylamine derivative (I), and normally, a ratio of
1 to 10 equivalents, preferably 1 to 5 equivalents, gives satisfactory results.
[0062] The amine derivative represented by General Formula (II), which is used as the
starting material in Scheme 1, can be obtained for example, by debenzylation
which is a method known to those who are skilled in the art of the amine
represented by General Formula (TV), which can be synthesized by the method
described in WO 2005/040093, as shown in Scheme 2. The debenzylation is
generally carried out by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a metal catalyst.
[0063]
[wherein, R1 and R2 are the same as those defined above, and Bn represents a
benzyl group.]
[0064] Use of an alcoholic solvent such as methanol, ethanol or propanol as the reaction
solvent gives favorable results. Alternatively, an ether solvent such as
tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethoxyethane (DME) or dioxane may be used as it is,
but use of a mixture with an alcoholic solvent such as methanol or ethanol gives
favorable results. Catalysts commonly used in hydrogenation reaction, such as
platinum oxide, palladium hydroxide and palladium-carbon, can be used as the
metal catalysts above, but palladium hydroxide and palladium-carbon are used
favorably. The metal catalyst can be used in an amount of 0.001 to 50
equivalents with respect to the amine (IV), but the ratio used is normally 0.05 to
20 equivalents, preferably 0.1 to 5 equivalents. The reaction can be carried out
at a reaction temperature of-30 to 80°C, preferably 10 to 50°C, and at a hydrogen
pressure of 1 to 100 atmospheres, preferably 1 to 30 atmospheres, but normally,
combination of room temperature and normal pressure gives favorable results.
The reaction time is selected properly according to the reaction condition, but
normally, a reaction time of 30 minutes to 48 hours gives favorable results. The
concentration of the substrate (IV) in the reaction mixture is not particularly
limited, but normally, preferably 0.001 to 1 mol/L.
[0065] The efficacy of treatment to diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic
syndrome with the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or
the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt can be determined by using
normal and disease-model animals, such as mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys, (for
example, diabetes/obesity model animals described in Takeuchi et al., "Folia
Pharmacologica Japonica", 2006, 128, p.37-41 and diabetes/obesity mice
described in Winzell M.S. et al., Diabetes, 2004, 53, p. S215-S219), but the test
animals are not limited thereto. The fact that the concern about the adverse
reactions to the cardiovascular system possibly caused by the benzylamine
derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition salt is very limited can be confirmed, for example, by the method
described in Salgado et al., Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Phiyol., 2007, 292, p.
593-600, by examining the functions of cardiovascular organs of small animals in
the awake state, although the test method is not limited thereto.
[0066] Efficacy in treatment of diabetes with the benzylamine derivative represented by
General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt can be
determined, for example, based on clinical symptoms (e.g., blood sugar or plasma
glucose concentration), diabetes-related test results (e.g., blood glycated
Hemoglobin Ale: HbAlC) or blood sugar in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
after two hours. Specifically, compared to individuals to which the benzylamine
derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition salt is not administered, individuals having the compound
administered likely have advantageous actions such as decrease or improvement
in blood sugar or plasma glucose concentration, decrease of blood glycated
HbAlC and decrease in the blood sugar in OGTT after two hours. The blood
sugar and the plasma glucose concentration can be determined by using a simple
blood sugar analyzer, which determines blood sugar, by using a reaction of
glucose oxidase, based on the principle of detecting absorbance in colorimetric
method or quantitative electrochemical determination (glucose sensor method).
[0067] Efficacy of the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt in treatment to the diseases with
"insulin resistance" can be determined by using, as indicator, the glucose
utilization rate or the glucose injection rate of individuals when insulin is injected
in glucose clamp test. Insulin tolerance test (ITT) is generally used as a simple
and convenient method of evaluating the insulin resistance state of individuals,
and specifically, insulin sensitivity is evaluated by using the change in blood sugar
under insulin load as an indicator (Tanaka et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 2003,100,
P. 15924-15929). Thus, compared to individuals who are not administered with
the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt, those with the compound
administered are possibly alleviated from the state when the blood
sugar-decreasing action by insulin deteriorated. In this way, it is possible to
make the blood sugar-decreasing action inherent to insulin expressed sufficiently.
[0068] Efficacy of the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt in treatment of dyslipidemia can be
evaluated by using the plasma triglyceride level of individuals as an indicator.
Thus, compared to individuals who are not administered with the benzylamine
derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable
acid addition salt, those with the compound administered are likely have
advantage of reduced blood triglycerides. Triglycerides can be determined by
using a measurement kit of colorimetric method by using a commercially
available enzyme reaction.
[0069] Efficacy of the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt in treatment of obesity can be
evaluated by using the body weight, abdominal circumference, body mass index
(BMI) or internal fat level of individuals as an indicator. Thus, compared to
individuals who are not administered with the benzylamine derivative represented
by General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt,
those with the compound administered are likely lower in the body weight,
abdominal circumference, body mass index (BMI) or internal fat level of the
individuals.
[0070] In addition, the drug containing the benzylamine derivative represented by
General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt is
effective not only to human, but also to mammals other than human, such as
mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, bovine, sheep and monkey.
[0071] When the benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt is used clinically as a therapeutic or
prophylactic agent for diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or metabolic syndrome, the
drug may be the free base or the acid addition salt itself or a mixture thereof with
suitable additives such as diluents, stabilizers, preservatives, buffers, solubilizing
agents, emulsifiers, diluent and isotonic agents. Examples of the administration
forms include oral preparations such as tablets, capsules, granules, powders, and
syrups; parenteral preparations such as injections, suppositories and solutions;
local administration preparations such as ointments, creams and patches; and the
like.
[0072] The therapeutic or prophylactic agent for diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia or
metabolic syndrome according to the invention desirably contains the active
ingredient in an amount of 0.00001 to 90 wt %, more preferably 0.0001 to 70
wt %. The amount thereof is selected properly according to the symptom, age,
body weight, administration method and the like, but the therapeutic or
prophylactic agent can be administered to an adult as the active ingredient in an
amount of 0.1 ug to 1 g per day in the case of injection, 1 ug to 10 g in the case of
oral preparation, and 1 Ug to 10 g in the case of patch, and it can be administered
all at once or several times in portions a day.
[0073] The benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt can be used in combination with
other diabetes drugs, drugs for treatment of diseases with "insulin resistance",
anti-obesity drugs, anti-dyslipidemia drugs, and metabolic syndrome drugs
(hereinafter, referred to as combination drugs). The time of administration of the
benzylamine derivative represented by General Formula (I) or the
pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt and the combination drug is not
particularly limited, and these drugs may be administered to a patient
simultaneously or separately with time difference. The amount of the
combination drug administered can be selected properly according to the
application clinically used. The blending ratio of the benzylamine derivative
represented by General Formula (I) or the pharmaceutically acceptable acid
addition salt to the combination drug can be selected properly according to the
patient to be administered, administration route, symptom, combination and
others.
[0074] Examples of the combination drugs used then include insulin preparations
(ultrafast-acting insulin preparations, fast-acting insulin preparations, mixed
insulin preparations, intermediate insulin preparations, long-acting insulin
preparations, long-acting soluble insulin preparation, transpulmonary insulin
preparation, oral insulin preparation, etc.), insulin resistance-improving drugs
(pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, netoglitazon, farglitazar, rivoglitazone, balaglitazone,
etc.), a-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, voglibose, miglitol, emiglitate, etc.),
biguanides (metformin, buformin, etc.), sulfonyl ureas (tolbutamide,
acetohexamide, chlorpropamide, tolazamide, glyclopyramide, glybuzole,
glibenclamide, gliclazide, glimepiride, glipizide, gliquidone, etc.), fast-acting
insulin secretion stimulators (nateglinide, repaglinide, mitiglinide, etc.), GLP-1
agonists (exenatide, liraglutide, etc.), amylin agonists (pramlintide, etc.), DPP-IV
inhibitors (vildagliptin, sitagliptin, saxagliptin, alogliptin, denagliptin, etc.), (33
adrenoreceptor agonists (Solabegron, KRP-204, YM-178, etc.),
fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase inhibitors (MB-6322, MB-07803, etc.), SGLT
(sodium-dependent renal glucose transporter) inhibitors (sergliflozin, AVE-2268,
GSK-189075, TS-033, KGA-2727, SAR-7226, etc.), llp-HSDl inhibitors
(BVT-3498, AMG-221, INCB-13739, INCB-20817, etc.), PTP-1B (protein
tyrosine phosphatase-lB) inhibitors (ISIS-113715, JTT-551, etc.), GSK3p
(glycogen synthase kinase 30) inhibitors (SAR-502250, etc.), glucagon
antagonists (BAY-27-9955, NN-2501, etc.), glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors
(Isofagomine, PSN-357, etc.), CPT1 (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1) inhibitors
(teglicar, etc.), glucocorticoid antagonists (mifepristone, KB-3305, etc.),
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (pravastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, atorvastatin,
pitavastatin, etc.), anion exchange resins (colestyramine, cholestimide, etc.),
fibrates (clofibrate, clinofibrate, bezafibrate, fenofibrate, etc.), nicotinic
acid-based drugs (tocopherol nicotinate, CB1 (cannabinoid 1) antagonists,
rimonabant, surinabant, MK-0364, AVE-1625, etc.), lipase inhibitors (orlistat,
etc.), central appetite inhibitors (mazindol, fenfluramine, dexfenfluramine,
sibutramine, phentermine, etc.) and the like.
EXAMPLES
[0075] Hereinafter, the present invention will be described specifically with reference to
Examples.
[0076] (Comparative Example 1)
N-(5-((lR^2S)-2-Amino-l-hydroxypropyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide
(3)
[0078] 10% palladium/carbon (60 mg) was added to a methanol solution (6 mL)of an
amine derivative (2) (195 mg, 0.556 mmol) prepared according to the method
described in Comparative Example 1 of WO2005/040093 and the mixture was
stirred at room temperature under hydrogen atmosphere for 2.5 hours. The
reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was then concentrated, to give a
desired amine (3) as a brown solid (153 mg). The desired amine (3) was used in
the following step without purification.
*H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8(ppm): 1.15 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.97 (s, 3H), 3.46
(m, 1H), 4.85 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J=2.2, 8.3 Hz,
1H), 7.40 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H)
[0079] (Example 1)
N-(5-((lR,2S)-2-(3,5-Dimemoxybenzylamino)-l-hydroxypropyl)-2-hydroxyphen
yl)methanesulfonamide (4)
[0080] [Formula 7]
[0081] Borane-pyridine complex (445 uL, 4.18 mmol) was added to a methanol solution
(10 mL) of an amine (3) (363 mg, 1.39 mmol) and 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde
(301 mg, 1.81 mmol), and the mixture was stirred for two hours. The reaction
mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and extracted after addition of
water with a mixed solvent (ethyl acetate: methanol=10:l), and the organic layer
was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic layer
was dried and concentrated, and the crude product obtained was purified by amine
silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform: methanol=7:l), to give a
desired amine (4) as a pale yellow solid (329 mg, yield: 57%).
*H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 5(ppm): 1.11 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.83 (m, 1H), 2.89
(s, 3H), 3.61 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (d, J=13.2 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 6H), 4.48 (d,
J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (t, J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.37 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.0 Hz,
1H), 6.99 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H)
[0082] 4N Hydrogen chloride dioxane solution (0.04 mL) was added to the dioxane
solution (1 mL) of the obtained amine (4) (47 mg, 0.11 mmol), and the mixture
was freeze-dried, to give hydrochloric acid salt of the amine (4) as white solid (27
mg, yield: 55%).
*H NMR (400 MHz, DMSOd6) 8(ppm): 1.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 2.91 (s,3H), 3.23
(m, 1H), 3.76 (s, 6H), 4.18 (m, 2H), 5.13 (br, 1H), 6.03 (d, J=3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (t,
J=2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J=2.4 Hz, 2H), 6.92 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0
Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 8.78 (s, 1H), 9.10 (br, 1H), 9.19 (br, 1H), 10.00
(s,lH)
[0083] (Example 2)
N<5<(lR,2S)-2<3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzylamino)-l-hydroxypropyl)-2-hydr
oxyphenyl)methanesulfonamide (5)
[0084] [Formula 8]
[0085] Borane-pyridine complex (130 uL, 1.24 mmol) was added to a methanol solution
(4 mL) of an amine (3) (107 mg, 0.41 mmol),
3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde (90 uL, 0.54 mmol) at 40°C and the mixture
was stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room
temperature and extracted after addition of water with a mixed solvent (ethyl
acetate: methanol=10:l), and the organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous
sodium chloride solution. The organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the
crude product obtained was purified by amine silica gel column chromatography
(eluant: chloroform: methanol=7:l), to give a desired amine (5) as a white solid
(132 mg, yield: 66%).
*H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8(ppm): 1.07 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.80 (m, 1H), 2.90
(s, 3H), 3.87 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),
6.85 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=2.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.81
(brs, 1H), 7.89 (brs, 2H)
[0086] (Example 3)
N-(5-((l R,2S)-2-(3,5-Dichlorobenzylamino)-1 -hydroxypropyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)
methanesulfonamide (6)
[0087] [Formula 9]
[0088] Borane-pyridine complex (130 uL, 1.21 mmol) was added to an methanol solution
(4 mL) of an amine (3) (105 mg, 0.40 mmol) and 3,5-dichlorobenzaldehyde (95
mg, 0.52 mmol) at 40°C and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction
mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and extracted after addition of
water with a mixed solvent (ethyl acetate: methanol-10:1), and the organic layer
was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic layer
was dried and concentrated, and the crude product obtained was purified by amine
silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform: methanol=7:l), to give a
desired amine (6) as a white solid (76 mg, yield 45%).
*H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8(ppm): 1.07 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.76 (m, 1H), 2.91
(s, 3H), 3.67 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),
6.86 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=2.0,8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 2H), 7.29
(t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H)
[0089] (Example 4)
N-(2-Hydroxy-5-((lR,2S)4-hydroxy-2<3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylamino)propyl)phe
nyl)methanesulfonamide (7)
[0090][Formula 10]
[0091] Borane-pyridine complex (135 uL, 1.28 mmol) was added to a methanol solution
(4 mL) of an amine (3) (111 mg, 0.43 mmol) and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzaldehyde
(111 mg, 0.55 mmol) at 40°C and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and extracted after
addition of water with a mixed solvent (ethyl acetate: methanol=10:l), and the
organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The
organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the crude product obtained was
purified by amine silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform:
methanol=7:l), to give a desired amine (7) as a white solid (67 mg, yield 36%).
!H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8(ppm): 1.12 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.82 (m, 1H), 2.89
(s, 3H), 3.61 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.73 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.80 (s,
6H), 4.46 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J=2.0,
8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H)
[0092] (Example 5)
N-(5-((lR,2S)-2-(3,5-Dimethylbenzylamino)-l-hydroxypropyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)
methanesulfonamide (8)
[0093] [Formula 11]
[0094] Borane-pyridine complex (160 uL, 1.50 mmol) was added to a methanol solution
(5 mL) of an amine (3) (131 mg, 0.50 mmol) and 3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde (90
uL, 0.65 mmol) at 40°C and the mixture was stirred for 1.5 hours. The reaction
mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and extracted after addition of
water with a mixed solvent (ethyl acetate: methanol=10:l), and the organic layer
was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The organic layer
was dried and concentrated, and the crude product obtained was purified by amine
silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform: methanol=7:l), to give a
desired amine (8) as a white solid (62 mg, yield 33%).
!H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 8(ppm): 1.10 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 2.25 (s, 6H), 2.82
(m, 1H), 2.88 (s, 3H), 3.60 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (d, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (d,
J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (brs, 2H), 6.84 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (brs, 1H), 6.98 (dd,
J=2.0, 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 1H)
[0095] (Example 6)
N-(5-((lR,2S)-2-(3,5-Die1hoxybenzylamino)-l-hydroxypropyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)
methanesulfonamide (9)
[0096]rFormula 121
[0097] Borane-pyridine complex (155 uL, 1.46 mmol) was added to a methanol solution
(3.3 mL) of an amine (3) (127 mg, 0.486 mmol) and 3,5-diethoxybenzaldehyde
(123 mg, 0.632 mmol) at 40°C and the mixture was stirred for 2.5 hours. The
reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature and extracted after
addition of water with a mixed solvent (ethyl acetate: methanol=10:l), and the
organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium chloride solution. The
organic layer was dried and concentrated, and the crude product obtained was
purified by amine silica gel column chromatography (eluant: chloroform:
methanol=7:l), to give a desired amine (9) as a yellow solid (114 mg, yield 54%).
'H NMR (400 MHz, CD3OD) 5(ppm): 1.14 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.39 (t, J=7.1 Hz,
6H), 2.88 (m, 1H), 2.93 (s, 3H), 3.63 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (d, J=12.9 Hz, 1H),
3.99 (q, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 4.52 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (t, J=2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (d,
J=2.0 Hz, 2H), 6.88 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J=2.0, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J=2.0
Hz, 1H)
[0098] (Example 7)
Evaluation of agonistic activity for human |3 adrenoreceptor
1. Test method
The test was performed according to the method described in the literature of
Chaudhry and Granneman (J. Pharmacol Exp. Ther., 1994, 271, p. 1253) or
Michel et al. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol., 2004, 369, p. 151).
Human 03 adrenoreceptor agonistic activity was evaluated by using SK-N-MC
cells in the presence of a pi adrenoreceptor-selective antagonist (CGP-20712A,
luM). Human 02 and pi adrenoreceptor agonistic activity was evaluated by
using CHO-K1 cells in which the receptors are stably expressed. Alpha Screen
cAMP Detection Kit (6760625, Perkin Elmer), which uses the change of cAMP
production as indicator, was used for evaluation of the agonistic activity in all
cases. Various cells were cultured in culture flasks, and the cells were separated
and collected by EDTA/PBS treatment on the test day and diluted with a stimulus
buffer (0.1% BSA, 500 uM IBMX, 5 mM HEPES, HBSS, pH 7.4) to a cell
concentration of 10,000 cells/well. Standard solution (cAMP) or a compound
solution of Example was added onto a 3 84-well plate (Optiplate New, #6007290,
Perkin Elmer) in an amount of 5 uL to the final concentration (10"10 to 10"4 M) and
then, 5 uL of anti-cAMP acceptor beads or a cell/Anti-cAMP acceptor beads
mixture solution was added thereto, and the mixture was allowed to react at 37°C
in a dark place for 30 minutes. After reaction, biotinylated-cAMP/streptavidin
donor beads prepared in a lysis buffer (0.1% BSA, 0.3% Tween-20, 5 mM HEPES,
pH 7.4) were added in an amount of 15 uL, and the mixture was allowed to react
at room temperature in a dark place for 60 minutes, and the AlphaScreen signals
(cps) from the mixture was determined with Fusion a (Packard BioScience). In
data analysis, the reaction rate of the compound of each Example was first
calculated, based on 100% of the maximum amount of cAMP produced by
isoproterenol, and pEC50 value (negative common logarithm of 50% reaction
concentration towards isoproterenol) was calculated by linear regression. When
the reaction of the compound of Example did not proceed to a degree of 50% at
the highest concentrations, the result was expressed by n.d. (not detected), and
when the reaction of the compound of Example did not proceed to a degree of
50% in some of the tests, the average of the pEC50 values that could be calculated
was used as the pEC50 value of the compound of Example.
[0099] 2. Results
All of the compounds of Examples 1 to 5 were shown to activate the human P3
adrenoreceptor (Table 3).
[0100] In addition, the compounds of Examples 1 to 5 were all superior in selectivity to
{33 adrenoreceptor and were considered to have similar properties.
[0101]
[0102] (Example 8)
Evaluation of efficacy by using type 2 diabetes-model mice (KK/Ay mice)
1. Test method
KK/Ay male mice of 5 weeks of age (CLEA Japan, Inc.) were purchased; a
feeding stuff for growth CMF (Oriental Yeast) was provided since the day of
arrival; and mice after growth for 3 weeks or longer were used. The compound
of Example 1 was diluted to 2 mg/mL, as it is dissolved in physiological saline,
and the solution was administered subcutaneously in an amount of 5 mL/kg, by
using a disposable syringe (Terumo) and a 26G injection needle (Terumo).
Physiological saline was administered to the mice in the vehicle group. The
solution was administered once a day from the day of first administration (day 0)
to day 13, and the tail vein was cut open with a knife (disposable scalpel,
FEATHER) and the blood sugar was determined with a simplified blood sugar
analyzer (MediSense Precision Xceed, Abotto Japan). Statistical treatment of the
individual data obtained was carried out by a two-group test (unpaired t-test).
[0103]; 2. Results
The compound of Example 1 lowered the blood sugar statistically significantly,
compared to the solvent group (Table 4). The result indicates that the compound
of Example 1 is effective to type 2 diabetes.
[0104]
[0105] (Example 9)
Evaluation of efficacy by using diabetes/obesity-model mice (DIO mice)
1. Test method
C57BL/6J mice grown on a solid feeding stuff containing 60% fat (D12492,
Research Diets) since 4 weeks of age, (male, Charles River Laboratories, Japan,
13 weeks of age) were purchased and mice of 16 weeks of age grown on D12492
since the day of arrival were used. C57BL/6J mice of 16 weeks of age grown on
normal food since the day of arrival were used in the normal group. The
compound of Example 1 was diluted to 2 mg/mL or 0.6 mg/mL, as it is dissolved
in physiological saline, and the solution was administered subcutaneously in an
amount of 5 mL/kg, by using a disposable syringe (Terumo) and a 26G injection
needle (Terumo). Physiological saline was administered in the vehicle group.
The solution was administered once a day from the day of first administration
(day 0) to day 26. The .body weight was determined on day 26; the tail vein was
cut open with a knife (disposable scalpel, FEATHER); and the blood sugar was
determined with a simplified blood sugar analyzer (MediSense Precision Xceed,
Abotto Japan).
[0106] The blood was collected (approximately 70 uL) from the same site by using a
heparin-treated capillary (Hematokrit Kapilaren, 75 uL, HIRSCMANN
LABORGERATE) and the collected blood was centrifuged (12,000 rpm, 7 min,
4°C) in a hematocrit centrifuge (KUBOTA3100, Kubota Corp.) and the plasma
was stored, as it is frozen in an Eppendorf tube, until it is used for measurement of
triglyceride. The triglyceride measurement was carried out by using Triglyceride
E-Test Wako (Wako Pure Chemical Industries). Four uL of the sample was
added to 250 uL of the coloring liquid, after reaction at 37°C for 1 hour, and the
absorbance (595 nm) of the mixture was determined by using a microplate reader
(Bio-Rad, Model 680). Separately, insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed on
day 27.
[0107] The mouse was left non-feeded in a fasting cage after drug administration on day
26. In the morning of the day of ITT (day 27), the fasting blood sugar was
determined by a method identical with that used for blood sugar measurement on
day 26. The blood sugar was measured once again in the afternoon of the same
day; an insulin solution was administered intraperitoneally (0.3unit/5 mL /kg)
immediately after then; and the blood sugar was measured 30, 60, 120 and 180
minutes after insulin administration since then. The insulin solution was
prepared by diluting 100 unit/mL solution (Humalin R injection, Eli Lilly) with
0.1% BSA-containing physiological saline to a concentration of 0.06unit/mL.
[0108] The insulin level was measured by using an insulin measurement kit (Lebis
Insulin Mouse U, Shibayagi). Finally, HOMA-IR was also calculated from the
values of fasting blood sugar and fasting insulin. The weight of the fat around
the mouse testicles was also determined after measurement of ITT. Statistical
treatment of the individual data obtained was carried out by a two-group test
(unpaired t-test) or a multiplex comparison test (parametric Williams test).
[0109] 2. Results
(1) Efficacy in treatment of diabetes
The compound of Example 1 exhibited a significant blood sugar-reducing effect
even on DIO mice, which are known to be non-severe type-2 diabetes model mice
(Table 5).
[0110]
##p
Documents
Application Documents
| # |
Name |
Date |
| 1 |
abstract-356-kolnp-2011.jpg |
2011-10-06 |
| 2 |
356-kolnp-2011-specification.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 3 |
356-kolnp-2011-pct request form.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 4 |
356-kolnp-2011-pct priority document notification.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 5 |
356-KOLNP-2011-PA.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 6 |
356-kolnp-2011-others pct form.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 7 |
356-kolnp-2011-international search report.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 8 |
356-kolnp-2011-international publication.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 9 |
356-kolnp-2011-form-5.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 10 |
356-kolnp-2011-form-3.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 11 |
356-kolnp-2011-form-2.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 12 |
356-kolnp-2011-form-1.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 13 |
356-KOLNP-2011-FORM 3-1.1.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 14 |
356-kolnp-2011-drawings.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 15 |
356-kolnp-2011-description (complete).pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 16 |
356-kolnp-2011-correspondence.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 17 |
356-KOLNP-2011-CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 18 |
356-KOLNP-2011-CORRESPONDENCE 1.1.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 19 |
356-kolnp-2011-claims.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 20 |
356-kolnp-2011-abstract.pdf |
2011-10-06 |
| 21 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(01-03-2012)-FORM-3.pdf |
2012-03-01 |
| 22 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(01-03-2012)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2012-03-01 |
| 23 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(19-02-2013)-FORM 3.pdf |
2013-02-19 |
| 24 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(19-02-2013)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2013-02-19 |
| 25 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(03-03-2014)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2014-03-03 |
| 26 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(03-03-2014)-ANNEXURE TO FORM 3.pdf |
2014-03-03 |
| 27 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-OTHERS.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 28 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-FORM-5.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 29 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-FORM-3.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 30 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-FORM-2.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 31 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-FORM-13.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 32 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-FORM-1.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 33 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 34 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-CLAIMS.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 35 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(27-11-2014)-ANNEXURE TO FORM 3.pdf |
2014-11-27 |
| 36 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(18-08-2015)-PETITION UNDER RULE 137.pdf |
2015-08-18 |
| 37 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(18-08-2015)-FORM-1.pdf |
2015-08-18 |
| 38 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(18-08-2015)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2015-08-18 |
| 39 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(01-09-2015)-FORM-1.pdf |
2015-09-01 |
| 40 |
356-KOLNP-2011-(01-09-2015)-CORRESPONDENCE.pdf |
2015-09-01 |
| 41 |
356-KOLNP-2011_EXAMREPORT.pdf |
2016-06-30 |
| 42 |
Petition Under Rule 137 [23-03-2017(online)].pdf |
2017-03-23 |
| 43 |
Other Document [23-03-2017(online)].pdf |
2017-03-23 |
| 44 |
Other Patent Document [06-04-2017(online)].pdf |
2017-04-06 |
| 45 |
Other Patent Document [11-04-2017(online)].pdf |
2017-04-11 |