【Technical Field】
[1] [Cross-Reference to Related Application]
[2] This application claims priority to Korean Patent
Application No. 10-2021-0027130, filed on March 02, 2021 in
10 the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the disclosure of
which is incorporated herein by reference.
[3] The present invention relates to a thermoplastic
resin composition and an exterior material including the same.
More particularly, the present invention relates to a low15 gloss thermoplastic resin composition having excellent
aesthetics, such as softness, luxuriousness, and naturalness
due to improvement in surface texture while maintaining
mechanical properties and processability equal or superior to
those of conventional ASA-based resins and having excellent
20 processability and adhesion in manufacture of a co-extruded
2
product due to improvement in viscoelastic properties; and an
exterior material including the low-gloss thermoplastic resin
composition. Accordingly, when the resin composition of the
present invention is used, defects in surface appearance may
5 be significantly reduced.
【Background Art】
[4] Acrylate compound-styrene-acrylonitrile copolymers
(hereinafter referred to as “ASA resins”) have weather
10 resistance, aging resistance, chemical resistance, rigidity,
impact resistance, and processability, and have been widely
used in various fields such as automobiles, miscellaneous
goods, and construction materials.
[5] In the case of ASA resins used in exterior materials,
15 there is increasing need for development of a low-gloss ASA
resin that can satisfy aesthetic demands without the
artificial feeling of plastics.
[6] Conventionally, crystalline resins such as nylon have
been used as low-gloss ASA resins. However, a difference in
20 viscoelasticity occurs during co-extrusion of the crystalline
3
resin with PVC to manufacture an exterior material, resulting
in defects in appearance compared to single-layer extrusion.
[7] In the case of a conventional ASA resin, extrusion
and injection are generally performed at a processing
5 temperature of 200 to 240 °C. On the other hand, in the case
of a PVC resin, since the PVC resin is easily carbonized at
a high temperature of 200 °C or higher, co-extrusion of the
PVC resin must be performed at a low temperature of less than
200 °C. However, since the viscosity of an ASA resin rapidly
10 increases at a low temperature of less than 200 °C, during
co-extrusion with the PVC resin, a PVC resin layer is not
properly covered with an ASA resin layer, resulting in surface
defects such as flow marks and peeling of the ASA resin.
[8]
15 [9] [Related Art Documents]
[10] [Patent Documents]
[11] KR 2019-0065944 A
【Disclosure】
20 【Technical Problem】
4
[12] Therefore, the present invention has been made in
view of the above problems, and it is one object of the
present invention to provide a low-gloss thermoplastic resin
composition that has excellent aesthetics, such as softness,
5 luxuriousness, and naturalness due to improvement in surface
texture while maintaining mechanical properties and
processability equal or superior to those of conventional ASA
resins, has excellent processability and adhesion in
manufacture of a co-extruded product due to improvement in
10 viscoelastic properties, and is capable of greatly reducing
defects in surface appearance.
[13] It is another object of the present invention to
provide a molded article manufactured using the thermoplastic
resin composition.
15 [14] The above and other objects can be accomplished by
the present invention described below.
【Technical Solution】
[15] In accordance with one aspect of the present invention,
20 provided is a thermoplastic resin composition including 10 to
5
50 % by weight in total of an acrylate-aromatic vinyl
compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
5 of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) containing
acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
0.45 µm;
10 [16] 0 to 30 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a weight average
molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
[17] 20 to 70 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
15 molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
equal to 200,000 g/mol; and
[18] 0.5 to 10 % by weight of a polyamide resin (C) having
a melting temperature (Tm) of 250 °C or higher,
[19] wherein an amount of the graft copolymer (A-1) is
20 less than that of the graft copolymer (A-2).
6
[20] The thermoplastic resin composition may have a melt
shear viscosity of 310 Pa·s or less at a shear rate of 2,000
(1/sec) as measured at a measurement temperature of 190 °C
and a shear rate of 10 to 2,000 (1/sec) using a capillary
5 viscometer.
[21] The thermoplastic resin composition may have a
storage modulus (G') of 170,000 Pa or more at a frequency of
40 (rad/sec) as measured at a measurement temperature of
190 °C, a strain of 0.1 %, and a frequency of 0.1 to 500
10 (rad/sec) using a rotary rheometer.
[22] Based on a total weight of the graft copolymers (A1) and (A-2), the graft copolymer (A-1) may be included in an
amount of 10 to 50 % by weight and the graft copolymer (A-2)
may be included in an amount of 50 to 90 % by weight.
15 [23] The acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-1) may include 40 to 60 % by
weight of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
of 0.04 to 0.14 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl
20 compound, and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound,
7
and the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-2) may include 40 to 60 % by
weight of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
5 of 0.28 to 0.45 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl
compound, and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound.
[24] The aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
copolymer (B-1) may include 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
10 compound, and the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound copolymer (B-2) may include 65 to 80 % by weight of
an aromatic vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl
cyanide compound.
[25] Based on a total weight of the thermoplastic resin
15 composition, the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1) may be included in an
amount of 9 to 35 % by weight, and the acrylate-aromatic vinyl
compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) may be
included in an amount of 16 to 41 % by weight.
20 [26] The thermoplastic resin composition may include 0 to
8
30 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound copolymer (B-1) having a weight average molecular
weight이 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol.
[27] Based on 100 parts by weight in total of the
5 thermoplastic resin composition, the thermoplastic resin
composition may include 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an
inorganic pigment.
[28] The thermoplastic resin composition may have a heat
deflection temperature of 89 °C or lower as measured under a
10 load of 18.5 kg/cm2 according to ASTM D648.
[29] Based on a total weight of the thermoplastic resin
composition, the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound copolymer (B-1) may be included in an amount of 10
to 30 % by weight, and the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
15 cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) may be included in an amount
of 30 to 60 % by weight.
[30]
[31] In accordance with another aspect of the present
invention, provided is a thermoplastic resin composition
20 including:
9
[32] 34 to 36 % by weight in total of an acrylate-aromatic
vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
5 of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) containing
acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
0.45 µm;
10 [33] 0 to 20 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a weight average
molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
[34] 38 to 58 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
15 molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
equal to 200,000 g/mol; and
[35] 4 to 8 % by weight of a polyamide resin (C) having a
melting temperature (Tm) of 250 °C or higher,
[36] wherein the amount of the graft copolymer (A-1) is
20 less than that of the graft copolymer (A-2);
10
[37] the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-1) includes 40 to 60 % by weight
of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.04 to
5 0.14 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound,
and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound; the
acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft
copolymer (A-2) includes 40 to 60 % by weight of acrylate
rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of 0.33 to 0.5
10 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to 0.45 µm, 25
to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound, and 10 to
20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound;
[38] the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
copolymer (B-1) includes 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
15 vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
compound; and the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound copolymer (B-2) includes 65 to 80 % by weight of an
aromatic vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl
cyanide compound.
20 [39]
11
[40] In accordance with yet another aspect of the present
invention, provided is an exterior material including the
above-described thermoplastic resin composition.
[41] The exterior material may be a siding material, a
5 roofing material, or a decking material.
【Advantageous effects】
[42] According to the present invention, the present
invention has an effect of providing a low-gloss thermoplastic
10 resin composition that has excellent aesthetics, such as
softness, luxuriousness, and naturalness due to uniform and
low gloss and improvement in surface texture while having
mechanical properties and processability equal or superior to
those of conventional ASA resins, has excellent
15 processability and adhesion in manufacture of a co-extruded
product due to improvement in viscoelastic properties, and
can greatly reduce defects in surface appearance and an
exterior material including the low-gloss thermoplastic resin
composition.
20 [43] Accordingly, the thermoplastic resin composition and
12
the molded article according to the present invention can be
used to manufacture a siding material, a roofing material, or
a decking material.
5 【Best mode】
[44] Hereinafter, a thermoplastic resin composition and an
exterior material including the same according to the present
invention will be described in detail.
[45] The present inventors confirmed that, when a
10 polyamide having a specific melting temperature (Tm) is added
in a predetermined amount to a predetermined styrene-based
resin combination, compared to a conventional ASA resin
composition, viscoelastic properties were improved and the
surface appearance of a co-extruded product was improved
15 without deterioration in mechanical properties, weather
resistance, and processability. Based on these results, the
present inventors conducted further studies to complete the
present invention.
[46]
20 [47] The thermoplastic resin composition of the present
13
invention includes 10 to 50 % by weight in total of an
acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft
copolymer (A-1) containing acrylate rubber having a DLS
average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average
5 particle diameter of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic
vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
of 0.28 to 0.45 µm; 0 to 30 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl
10 compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a
weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
20 to 70 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
15 equal to 200,000 g/mol; and 0.5 to 10 % by weight of a
polyamide resin (C) having a melting temperature (Tm) of
250 °C or higher, wherein the amount of the graft copolymer
(A-1) is less than that of the graft copolymer (A-2). In
this case, the present invention has an effect of providing
20 a thermoplastic resin composition that has excellent weather
14
resistance and low gloss while maintaining mechanical
properties and processability equal or superior to those of
conventional ASA-based resins, has excellent processability
and adhesion in manufacture of a co-extruded product due to
5 improvement in viscoelastic properties, and is capable of
greatly reducing defects in surface appearance.
[48] In addition, the thermoplastic resin composition of
the present invention includes 34 to 36 % by weight in total
of an acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
10 graft copolymer (A-1) containing acrylate rubber having a DLS
average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average
particle diameter of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic
vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
15 diameter of 0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
of 0.28 to 0.45 µm; 10 to 30 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl
compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a
weight average molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
38 to 58 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
20 cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
15
molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
equal to 200,000 g/mol; and 4 to 8 % by weight of a polyamide
resin (C) having a melting temperature (Tm) of 250 °C or
higher, wherein the amount of the graft copolymer (A-1) is
5 less than that of the graft copolymer (A-2), the acrylatearomatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft
copolymer (A-1) includes 40 to 60 % by weight of acrylate
rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.2
µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.04 to 0.14 µm, 25
10 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound, and 10 to
20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound, the acrylatearomatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft
copolymer (A-2) includes 40 to 60 % by weight of acrylate
rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of 0.33 to 0.5
15 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to 0.45 µm, 25
to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound, and 10 to
20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound, the aromatic vinyl
compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) includes 65
to 80 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound and 20 to 35 %
20 by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound, and the aromatic vinyl
16
compound-vinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) includes 65
to 80 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound and 20 to 35 %
by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound. In this case, the
present invention has an effect of providing a thermoplastic
5 resin composition that has excellent weather resistance and
low gloss while maintaining mechanical properties and
processability equal or superior to those of conventional
ASA-based resins, has excellent processability and adhesion
in manufacture of a co-extruded product due to improvement in
10 viscoelastic properties, and is capable of greatly reducing
defects in surface appearance.
[49]
[50] Hereinafter, each component constituting the
thermoplastic resin composition of the present invention will
15 be described in detail.
[51]
[52] Acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-1) containing acrylate rubber
having a DLS average particle diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or
20 a TEM average particle diameter of 0.04 to 0.14 µm
17
[53] The acrylate rubber of the graft copolymer (A-1)
preferably has a DLS average particle diameter of 0.04 to
0.18 µm, more preferably 0.05 to 0.2 µm, still more preferably
0.08 to 0.14 µm, still more preferably 0.08 to 0.12 µm.
5 Within this range, excellent weather resistance, colorability,
impact strength, chemical resistance, and surface gloss may
be imparted to a final product.
[54] In the present disclosure, the DSL average particle
diameter may be measured by dynamic light scattering, and
10 specifically, may be measured as an intensity value using a
Nicomp 380 particle size analyzer (manufacturer: PSS) in a
Gaussian mode. As a specific measurement example, a sample
may be prepared by diluting 0.1 g of latex (TSC: 35 to 50 wt%)
1,000 to 5,000 times with distilled water, and DSL average
15 particle diameter may be measured using flow cells in an autodilution manner and in a mode of dynamic light
scattering/intensity 300 kHz/intensity-weight Gaussian
analysis. At this time, temperature may be set to 23 °C,
measurement wavelength may be set to 632.8 nm, and channel
20 width may be set to 10 μsec.
18
[55] In addition, in the present disclosure, the DLS
average particle diameter may be an arithmetic average
particle diameter in a particle size distribution measured by
dynamic light scattering, specifically, a scattering
5 intensity average particle diameter.

【Claim 1】
A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising:
5 10 to 50 % by weight in total of an acrylate-aromatic
vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound10 vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) containing
acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
0.45 µm;
0 to 30 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
15 cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a weight average
molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
20 to 70 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
20 equal to 200,000 g/mol; and
53
0.5 to 10 % by weight of a polyamide resin (C) having
a melting temperature (Tm) of 250 °C or higher,
wherein an amount of the graft copolymer (A-1) is less
than that of the graft copolymer (A-2).
5
【Claim 2】
The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a melt
shear viscosity of 310 Pa·s or less at a shear rate of 2,000
10 (1/sec) as measured at a measurement temperature of 190 °C
and a shear rate of 10 to 2,000 (1/sec) using a capillary
viscometer.
【Claim 3】
15 The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a storage
modulus (G') of 170,000 Pa or more at a frequency of 40
(rad/sec) as measured at a measurement temperature of 190 °C,
a strain of 0.1 %, and a frequency of 0.1 to 500 (rad/sec)
20 using a rotary rheometer.
54
【Claim 4】
The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein, based on a total weight of the graft copolymers
5 (A-1) and (A-2), the graft copolymer (A-1) is comprised in an
amount of 10 to 50 % by weight and the graft copolymer (A-2)
is comprised in an amount of 50 to 90 % by weight.
【Claim 5】
10 The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-1) comprises 40 to 60 % by weight
of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.04 to
15 0.14 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound,
and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound;
the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-2) comprises 40 to 60 % by weight
of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
20 0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
55
0.45 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound,
and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound;
the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
copolymer (B-1) comprises 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
5 vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
compound; and
the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
copolymer (B-2) comprises 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
10 compound.
【Claim 6】
The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic resin
15 composition, the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1) is comprised in an
amount of 9 to 35 % by weight, and the acrylate-aromatic vinyl
compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) is
comprised in amount of 16 to 41 % by weight.
20
56
【Claim 7】
The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein, based on 100 parts by weight in total of the
thermoplastic resin composition (A-1 to C), the thermoplastic
5 resin composition comprises 0.1 to 5 parts by weight of an
inorganic pigment.
【Claim 8】
The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
10 1, wherein the thermoplastic resin composition has a heat
deflection temperature of 83 °C or higher as measured under
a load of 18.5 kg/cm2 according to ASTM D648.
【Claim 9】
15 The thermoplastic resin composition according to claim
1, wherein, based on a total weight of the thermoplastic resin
composition, the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound copolymer (B-1) is comprised in an amount of 10 to
30 % by weight, and the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
57
compound copolymer (B-2) is comprised in an amount of 30 to
60 % by weight.
【Claim 10】
5 A thermoplastic resin composition, comprising:
34 to 36 % by weight in total of an acrylate-aromatic
vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-1)
containing acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle
diameter of 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter
10 of 0.04 to 0.14 µm and an acrylate-aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound graft copolymer (A-2) containing
acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
0.45 µm;
15 0 to 20 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl
cyanide compound copolymer (B-1) having a weight average
molecular weight of 100,000 to 160,000 g/mol;
38 to 58 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compoundvinyl cyanide compound copolymer (B-2) having a weight average
58
molecular weight of greater than 160,000 and less than or
equal to 200,000 g/mol; and
4 to 8 % by weight of a polyamide resin (C) having a
melting temperature (Tm) of 250 °C or higher,
5 wherein an amount of the graft copolymer (A-1) is less
than that of the graft copolymer (A-2);
the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-1) comprises 40 to 60 % by weight
of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
10 0.05 to 0.2 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.04 to
0.14 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound,
and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound;
the acrylate-aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide
compound graft copolymer (A-2) comprises 40 to 60 % by weight
15 of acrylate rubber having a DLS average particle diameter of
0.33 to 0.5 µm or a TEM average particle diameter of 0.28 to
0.45 µm, 25 to 45 % by weight of an aromatic vinyl compound,
and 10 to 20 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide compound;
the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
20 copolymer (B-1) comprises 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
59
vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
compound; and
the aromatic vinyl compound-vinyl cyanide compound
copolymer (B-2) comprises 65 to 80 % by weight of an aromatic
5 vinyl compound and 20 to 35 % by weight of a vinyl cyanide
compound.
【Claim 11】
An exterior material, comprising the thermoplastic
10 resin composition according to claim 1 to 10.
【Claim 12】
The exterior material according to claim 11, wherein
the exterior material is a siding material, a roofing
15 material, or a decking material.