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TOASTER
This invention relates to toasters, and it relates especially, though not
exclusively, to toasters intended for use in the domestic kitchen.
Electrically operated toasters are stock items in most domestic kitchens,
and they tend to be reasonably robust and reliable in use, despite the
relatively modest purchase prices which have come to be established for
them. Changes in traditional eating habits, however, leading to the
development of popular taste for a wider variety of toastable foodstuffs,
have recently led to technical developments which have increased the
sophistication of toasters, enhancing their efficiency and providing
greater flexibility of use.
One particular aspect of toasters which has received attention in this
respect is their ability to cope with foodstuffs of quite widely differing
dimensions; in particular, the thickness dimension of foodstuffs which
users may wish to toast can vary quite widely. Several proposals have
thus been made for so-called "variable-slot" toasters which can
accommodate foodstuffs having width dimensions ranging from
relatively narrow, say for thinly-sliced bread, to relatively wide, for
bagels and similar products.
Not all of these proposals have been commercially successful, however,
and it is believed in this respect that (inter alia) difficulties haye been
experienced in constructing certain internal components whose
dimensions need to change with variations in slot width economically

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whilst maintaining ruggedness and reliability in operation, bearing in
mind that such internal components operate in an extremely hostile and
challenging environment.
Such difficulties as aforementioned are particularly acute in respect of
the foodstuff-supporting carriage, which is mobile within the toaster slot;
this carriage being latched down in a lower position to support the
foodstuff adjacent the heater elements whilst it is being toasted, and then
released to spring upwards when the toasting cycle is complete, thereby
presenting the toasted foodstuff for easy withdrawal from the toaster slot.
It is well known for the heating elements to be de-energised when the
carriage is raised to its presentation position, and for the latching-down
mechanism to be ineffective unless power is applied to the toaster.
It will be appreciated that the carriage needs to be capable of reliably
supporting a wide variety of foodstuffs whatever the slot position set by
the user, since potentially hazardous situations could arise if this were
not the case. For example, the toaster could jam with the carriage down
(and thus the heaters energised) if foodstuffs could become entrapped
between an edge of the carriage and a heater element or heater support
and thus a potential fire hazard could arise. In this respect, it needs to
be borne in mind that a user might inadvertently set (or leave) the slot at
a wide position whilst attempting to toast a relatively thin food item.
The present invention aims to provide a variable-slot toaster with a
carriage which is capable of adapting reliably to variations in slot width
and which is economic to manufacture.

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According to the invention there is provided a toaster having a slot-like
chamber into which foodstuffs to be toasted can be placed, the chamber
being flanked by respective heating elements; a carriage having a
foodstuff-supporting surface; a support structure for said carriage
configured to permit the carriage to be latched in a lower position at
which foodstuffs are exposed to said heating elements for toasting, for
releasing said carriage on completion of a toasting cycle, and for raising
the carriage to an upper, presentation position in which toasted foodstuffs
can be removed from the toaster; and user-operable means for varying
the width dimension of the chamber to accommodate foodstuffs of
differing thickness; wherein the carriage comprises first and second
elongate members extending along the length dimension of said chamber
and disposed respectively to one and the other side of said chamber; a
plurality of linking members linking said elongate members and pivotally
mounted to each, said linking members collectively presenting at least a
substantial part of the foodstuff-supporting surface of the carriage; and
control means maintaining said elongate members in contact with
opposing sides of the chamber such that said elongate members move
relative to one another when the width dimension of the chamber is
varied; such movement of the elongate members being accommodated by
pivotal movement of said linking members, whereby said carriage adapts
automatically to said variations in the width dimension of said chamber.
In one preferred embodiment, the control means comprises latching
means latching the elongate members to opposing sides of the chamber,
whereby movement in the width dimension of the chamber pushes said

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elongate members closer together or pulls them farther apart, depending
upon the user-selected setting of the said width dimension.
By this means, no dedicated operational means are required to adapt the
width of the carriage to variations in the width dimension of the chamber.
Conveniently in such an arrangement the linking means comprise a
plurality of chevron-like links distributed along the length of the elongate
members and having pivots at the chevron points permitting the chevron
angle to vary with variations in the width-dimension of the chamber.
The chevron-like links may be regularly distributed along the length of
the elongate members, and the elongate members may be notched to
receive,the chevron point pivots when the chamber is adjusted to its
narrowest width dimension.
In another preferred embodiment, the control means includes resilient
means acting upon at least one of said linking members for urging said
elongate members apart.
In one such preferred embodiment, the resilient means comprises a coil
spring, configured to operate in either compression or tension, fixedly
supported upon one of said elongate members and connected to at least
one of said linking members. By this means, the necessary resilient urge
is applied in a simple and cost-effective manner.

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In another preferred embodiment, the resilient means comprises a torsion
spring; the shape and dimensions of which may, in some configurations,
prove more convenient or more compact in use than a coil spring.
In other preferred embodiments, the resilient urge is provided by plural
spring members carried by one of said elongate members; each of said
spring members being coupled between a respective fixed location on
said elongate means and a respective one of said linking members. It is
further preferred that said spring members are evenly distributed among
said linking members. In such circumstances, coil springs or torsion
springs, or a combination of both, may be used.
It is further preferred that pivotal mounting points for the Hnking
members are regularly distributed along the elongate members, thereby
providing an even distribution of the resilient urging force.
In order that the invention may be clearly understood and readily carried
into effect, embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of
example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which:
Figure 1(a) shows, in perspective view, part of a toaster in accordance
with a first embodiment of the invention, with a wall of the toasting
chamber removed to illustrate the carriage in relation to other internal
components of the toaster;
Figure 1 (b) shows a plan detail of a slider component of the toaster;

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Figure 2 shows, in perspective view, essential components of a carriage
for a toaster in accordance with said first embodiment of the invention;
and
Figures 3, 4 and 5 show, in a partial plan view from the top, essential
components of a carriage for a toaster in accordance with a second
embodiment of the invention, respectively disposed at wide, medium and
narrow settings.
Referring now to Figures 1 and 2 of the drawings, a toaster in accordance
with one embodiment of the invention comprises a main housing 1 in
which is defined a slot-like toasting chamber 2, flanked by respective
heating elements, such as that shown at 3, of any convenient kind. The
heating elements are typically substantially rectangular, planar elements
as shown, supported in known manner so as to stand vertically to either
side of the chamber 2, effectively forming side-walls thereof. Each
heating element is, in this example, protected by a grid-like guard
member 4 from direct contact with the foodstuffs inserted into the
chamber 2.
A food-supporting carriage 5 is provided in the chamber 2, and the
carriage is supported, in known manner, by means of a conventional
support structure (not shown) configured to permit the carriage to be
latched in a lower position at which foodstuffs are exposed to said
heating elements for toasting, for releasing said carriage on completion
of a toasting cycle, and for raising the carriage to an upper, presentation
position in which toasted foodstuffs can be removed from the toaster.

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User-operable means, including a slider mechanism 6 is provided for
varying the width dimension A of the chamber to accommodate
foodstuffs of differing thickness. In this example, the mechanism 6 is
disposed internally of an outer casing (not shown) of metal or plastics
material and is operated by means of a lever arrangement (not shown)
accessible to the user externally of the casing. The internal mechanism 6
includes, in this example, a slot arrangement 7 (best seen in Figure 1(b))
comprising several constrictions which define respective discrete width
settings for the slot-like chamber 2. In alternative embodiments, the
width setting may be smoothly variable to any chosen position between
two extreme end stops.
As shown in more detail in Figure 2, the carriage 5 comprises first and
second elongate members 51 and 52 extending along the length
dimension B of said chamber and disposed respectively to one and the
other side of the chamber 2. A plurality of linking members 53a to 53n
are provided, each linking the elongate members 51 and 52 and pivotally
mounted to each elongate member; and resilient means 54 are provided
to urge the elongate members 51 and 52 apart whereby the carriage 5
adapts automatically to variations in the width dimension A of the
chamber. In this respect, it will be appreciated that in this embodiment
the member 52 remains in contact with the heater guard in its side of the
slot 2 whilst the member 51 is mobile laterally of the toaster slot; moving
towards or away from the member 52 as appropriate to maintain contact
with the heater guard at the other side of the slot. The member 51 is
either pushed towards the member 52 by contact with the heater guard 4

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when the slot 2 is narrowed by a user, or urged away from the member 52
by the resilient means 54 when the slot 2 is widened.
In this example of the invention, the resilient means 54 comprises a
single coil spring, fixedly supported upon the elongate member 52 and
configured to operate in compression, though it could alternatively, of
course, be mounted and configured so as to operate in tension, depending
upon the detailed construction of the assembly. Also in this example,
the spring is connected to the linking member 53a but it could
alternatively, or in addition, be connected to one or more of the other
linking members. By this means, in any event, the necessary resilient
urge is applied in a simple and cost-effective manner.
In further alternative configurations, the resilient urge may be provided
by a torsion spring, and/or by plural spring members of any convenient
kind carried by one, the other, or both of the elongate members 51 and
52; each such spring member being coupled between a respective fixed
location on its elongate means and a respective one or more of the
linking members. If plural spring members are provided, it is preferable
to distribute them evenly among said linking members.
It is particularly preferred (though not essential) that pivotal mounting
points for the linking members 53a to 53n are regularly distributed along
the elongate members 51 and 52, thereby providing an even distribution
of the resilient urging force.

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In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the mobile member 51
(or at least a part thereof) is usefully made of, or coated with, a robust
and slippery material, such as a ceramic or a non-stick material such as
that known by the Registered Trade Mark "Teflon", which will resist
repeated wiping contact with the heater guard 4.
Referring now to Figures 3, 4 and 5, which show various operational
thickness settings for a toaster in accordance with a second embodiment
of the invention, the carriage 60 comprises first and second elongate
members 61 and 62 extending, as before, along the length dimension B
of the toasting chamber 70 and disposed respectively to one and the other
side of the chamber 70. A plurality of paired, chevron-like linking
members such as 63a and 63b are provided; each Unking member being
pivotally linked to a respective elongate member 61 or 62 and each pair
of linking members, such as 63a and 63b being pivotally linked to each
other, as at 66. Each end of each of the elongate members 61, 62 is
secured by means of an eye such as 67 to an upright wire such as 68
forming part of the heater guard at the relevant side of the chamber 70,
such that the carriage 60 can execute its required vertical movements
simply by each eye such as 67 running up or down on its respective wire
such as 68. When the toaster chamber is widened or narrowed, however,
the elongate members follow the relevant movement towards or away
from another as a result of their direct attachment to the wires such as 68.
In this embodiment of the invention, therefore, there is no need for any
resilient means to urge the elongate members apart, as there was in the
first embodiment, since the carriage 60 adapts, as a result of its

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construction, to variations in the width dimension A of the chamber 70
simply by the elongate members 61 and 62 being pushed towards each
other or pulled away from each other as appropriate by their direct
mechanical connection to the wires such as 68.
It will also be appreciated that, because of the folding capability of the
pairs of linking members such as 63a and 63b afforded by their central
pivots such as 66, the overall longitudinal offset between the two
elongate members 61 and 62 that needs to be accommodated in the
second embodiment of the invention is only around half of that needed
for the elongate members 51 and 52 in the first embodiment.
The inner surface of each of the elongate members 61 and 62 (i.e. that
surface facing away from the heaters and thus into the interior of the
chamber 70) is formed with a plurality of notches, such as 69, to
accommodate the central pivots, such as 66, of the respective pairs of
linking members, such as 63a and 63b, when the toasting chamber 70 is
set to a narrow setting as illustrated in Figure 5.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the eyes such as 67 are
usefully made of, or coated with, a robust and slippery material, such as a
ceramic or a non-stick material such as that known by the Registered
Trade Mark "Teflon", which will resist repeated wiping contact with the
wires such as 68 during upward and downward movements executed by
the carriage 60 at various stages during the toasting process.
Alternatively, or in addition, the wires such as 68 may be so formed or
coated. Alternatively, any convenient form of linear bearing capable of

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operating in the toasting chamber environment can be used to link the
elongate members 61 and 62 to the wires such as 68.

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CLAIMS:
1. A toaster having a slot-like chamber into which foodstuffs to be
toasted can be placed, the chamber being flanked by respective heating
elements; a carriage having a foodstuff-supporting surface; a support
structure for said carriage configured to permit the carriage to be latched
in a lower position at which foodstuffs are exposed to said heating
elements for toasting, for releasing said carriage on completion of a
toasting cycle, and for raising the carriage to an upper, presentation
position in which toasted foodstuffs can be removed from the toaster; and
user-operable means for varying the width dimension of the chamber to
accommodate foodstuffs of differing thickness; wherein the carriage
comprises first and second elongate members extending along the length
dimension of said chamber and disposed respectively to one and the
other side of said chamber; a plurality of linking members linking said
elongate members and pivotally mounted to each, said linking members
collectively presenting at least a substantial part of the foodstuff-
supporting surface of the carriage; and control means maintaining said
elongate members in contact with opposing sides of the chamber such
that said elongate members move relative to one another when the width
dimension of the chamber is varied; such movement of the elongate
members being accommodated by pivotal movement of said linking
members, whereby said carriage adapts automatically to said variations
in the width dimension of said chamber.
2. A toaster according to claim 1, wherein the control means
comprises latching means latching the elongate members to opposing

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sides of the chamber, whereby movement in the width dimension of the
chamber pushes said elongate members closer together or pulls them
farther apart, depending upon the user-selected setting of the said width
dimension.
3. A toaster according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the linking
means comprise a plurality of chevron-like links distributed along the
length of the elongate members and having pivots at the chevron points
permitting the chevron angle to vary with variations in the width-
dimension of the chamber.
4. A toaster according to claim 3, wherein the chevron-like links are
regularly distributed along the length of the elongate members.
5. A toaster according to claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the elongate
members are notched to receive the chevron point pivots when the
chamber is adjusted to its narrowest width dimension. >
6. A toaster according to any .preceding claim, further comprising a
plurality of eye members attached to each of said elongate members and
each adapted for vertical sliding motion relative to a respective static and
upright wire member to accommodate vertical movements of the carriage
during the toasting process.
7. A toaster according to claim 6, wherein each said eye member
and/or each wire member is made of, or coated with, a robust and non-

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stick material which will resist repeated wiping contact associated with
said vertical movements.
8. A toaster according to claim 1, wherein the control means includes
resilient means acting upon at least one of said linking members for
urging said elongate members apart.
9. A toaster according to claim 8, wherein the resilient means
comprises a coil spring fixedly, supported upon one of said elongate
members, configured to operate in either tension of compression and
connected to at least one of said linking members.
10. A toaster according to claim 8, wherein the resilient means
comprises a torsion spring fixedly supported upon one of said elongate
members and connected to at least one of said linking members.
11. A toaster according to claim 8, wherein the resilient means
comprises plural spring members carried by one of said elongate
members; each of said spring members being coupled between a
respective fixed location on said elongate means and a respective one of
said linking members.
12. A toaster according to claim 11, wherein said spring members are
evenly distributed among said linking members.
13. A toaster according to any of claims 8 to 12, wherein pivotal
mounting points for the linking members are regularly distributed along'

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the elongate members, thereby providing an even distribution of the
resilient urging force.
14. A toaster according to any of claims 8 to 13, wherein at least a part
of one or both of said elongate members is formed of or coated with a
robust and/or non-stick material to facilitate sliding movement of a
member so formed or coated relative to a guard device juxtaposed with a
heating element.

A variable-width toaster is described, in which the food-supporting carriage (5, 60) adapts readily, robustly and in a
cost-effective manner to different width settings of the toasting chamber (2, 70). Respective elongate members (51, 52; 61, 62) are
mounted to either side of the toasting chamber and are linked together by linking members (53a - 53n; 63a, 63b) which form part of
the food-supporting surface and are pivotally attached to the elongate members to accommodate lateral relative movement between
the elongate members as the width of the toasting chamber is varied. In one embodiment, unitary linking members (53a - 53n) link
the two elongate members (51, 52) and the elongate members are urged apart by a spring (54). In another embodiment, chevron-like
linking members, comprising pairs of pivotally associated linking members (63 a, 63b) are employed.