Entitled: transducer to electric signals output or input using fibers
Technical field
[0001]
　The present invention relates to a transducer for outputting an electrical signal by a shape change caused by an external force. The present invention also relates to a transducer for shape change in response to input of an electrical signal. The present invention also relates to flexible, three-dimensionally shape change can fabric-like transducer.
Background technique
[0002]
　In recent years, the so-called wearable sensor has been attracting attention, goods of shapes, such as eyeglasses and wristwatch began out into the world. However, these devices have sense of wearing, the ultimate wearable, cloth-like, the words shaped like a garment ones has been desired. Examples of such sensors, fabric piezoelectric element attached to, those extracting signals therefrom are disclosed (Patent Document 1). Further, there are those forming a cloth-like structure in that the piezoelectric material and a conductive material into a film, it was necessary to use a fiber shape having a special structure (Patent Document 2 ). Further, there is a "hitoe" published in January 30, 2014 by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (NTT) and Toray, which detects the myoelectric potential by conductive fibers in close contact with the body are those, none of them outputs an electric signal from the shape change.
　Whereas film-like actuator which uses polylactic acid has been proposed (Patent Document 3). However, the film is on that can not be bent only in one direction, stretchability and flexibility for even poor, at present, far from flexible. Furthermore, several stages of the process has a problem that it is necessary also a manufacturing method thereof films.
Patent Document 1: Kohyo 2007-518886 JP
Patent Document 2: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2002-203996
Patent Document 3: Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2013-251363
Disclosure of the Invention
[0003]
　The purpose of the present invention is to provide a fabric-like transducer having flexibility has a woven or knitted fabric using an ordinary fiber material. Further to provide a sensor or power generation element using a signal from the transducer. Further there is provided an actuator and a speaker which function by inputting an electrical signal to the transducer.
　The present inventors have found that, by combining the shape of the two conductive fibers and one of the piezoelectric fibers, found that it may function as a transducer, and have completed the present invention. As the conductive fibers, transducers with coated electrical conductor synthetic fibers fiber was found that excellent durability of the strength in the normal direction is strong and long-term use to the fiber axis .
　That is, the present invention encompasses the following inventions.
1. Wherein the two conductive fibers and one of the piezoelectric fibers, these are substantially the same plane, conductive fibers, piezoelectric fibers, comprising a piezoelectric unit disposed in the order of electrically conductive fibers, an electrical signal transducer to the output or input.
2. The piezoelectric unit includes a insulative fibers, the insulative fibers, electrically conductive fibers in the piezoelectric unit is disposed so as not to contact the conductive fibers or conductive fiber and piezoelectric fibers, in other piezoelectric units transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 1, wherein you are.
3. Transducer described in the preceding paragraph 1 piezoelectric fiber, including the mainly polylactic acid.
4. Piezoelectric fibers, primarily includes poly -L- lactic acid or poly -D- lactic acid, transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 1, wherein these optical purity is 99% or more.
5. Transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 1, wherein the piezoelectric fiber comprises a uniaxial orientation and crystal.
6. Conductive fibers (i) carbon fibers or (ii) transducer to the above 1, wherein the fibers coated with electrically conductive objects synthetic fibers.
7. Conductive fibers for folding in the normal direction, this 2,000 times repeated transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 1, wherein the detection voltage is folding before more than 90% after.
8. Transducer in the preceding paragraph 1, wherein the woven or knitted fabric containing a plurality of piezoelectric unit.
9. A fabric containing a plurality of piezoelectric unit, the weave is a plain weave, twill, satin weave or transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 8, wherein is their complex organization.
10. Transducer set forth in the preceding paragraph 8, wherein used in combination of a plurality of woven or knitted fabric.
11. Sensor using a transducer according to any one of the preceding 1 to 10.
12. Generation element using a transducer according to any one of the preceding 1 to 10.
13. Actuators using transducer according to any one of the preceding 1 to 10.
14. Speakers using transducer according to any one of the preceding 1 to 10.
Brief description of the drawings
[0004]
　1 is a schematic view of a plain weave fabric of Example 1.
　2 is a schematic view of a satin weave of Example 1.
　3 is an external view of the arm sensor of Example 1.
　4 is an electrical signal that is output when the bent arms is attached to the arm of the arm sensor of Example 1.
　5 is an electrical signal that is output when the stretched arm is attached to the arm of the arm sensor of Example 1.
　FIG 6 is an electrical signal that is output when a twisted inwardly the arms attached to the arm of the arm sensor of Example 1.
　7 is an electrical signal that is output when a twisted arm outwards attached to the arm of the arm sensor of Example 1.
　FIG 8 is a schematic view of a plain weave fabric of Example 8.
　9 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric device of Example 3 described (transducer).
　10 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric element of Example 4 described (transducer).
　11 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric element of Example 5 according (transducer).
　12 is a schematic view of the piezoelectric device of Example 6 described (transducer).
　Figure 13 is an example of a configuration of the piezoelectric element according to another embodiment 1, a schematic view of the piezoelectric element described in Example 8 (transducer).
　14 is a schematic diagram of a rating system of the piezoelectric element of Example 7 and 8.
　Figure 15 is an example of a configuration of the piezoelectric element according to another embodiment 2, a schematic view of the piezoelectric device of Example 9 described (transducer).
　Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a rating system of the piezoelectric element (transducer) of Example 9.
Description of the code
[0005]
　1 piezoelectric polymer
　second conductive fiber
　3 piezoelectric element fixed plate
　4 evaluation wiring
　5 oscilloscope
11 piezoelectric polymer
12 conductive fiber
13 surface conductive layer
21 oscilloscope
22 evaluation wiring
23 evaluation wiring
24 electrically conductive fibers
25 metal electrode
26 piezoelectric polymer
27 surface conductive layer
　A piezoelectric fiber
　B conductive fibers
　C-insulating fiber
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0006]
　The present invention includes two conductive fibers and one piezoelectric fibers, these are substantially the same plane, the conductive fibers, the piezoelectric units are arranged piezoelectric fibers, on the order of conductive fibers , it is achieved by the transducer to output or input the electrical signal. It may be referred piezoelectric element portion including a plurality of piezoelectric units. Transducer, including the wiring and the like to output or input a piezoelectric element and an electrical signal. It will be described each configuration below.
(Conductive fibers)
　it is preferred that the diameter of the conductive fibers is 1μm ~ 10mm, more preferably 10μm ~ 5mm, more preferably from 0.1 mm ~ 2 mm. Handling reduced diameter is small strength becomes difficult and also, flexibility is sacrificed in the case of a large diameter. It The cross sectional shape of the conductive fiber is a circle or ellipse, is preferred in terms of design and manufacture of the piezoelectric element, but is not limited thereto.
　To take out efficiently electrical output from the piezoelectric polymer, the electrical resistance is low it is preferable for the conductive fibers, the volume resistivity of 10 -1 is preferably less omega · cm, more preferably 10 -2 Ω · cm or less, more preferably 10 -3 is less than or equal to Ω · cm.
　As the material of the conductive fibers, as long as it exhibits conductivity, it is necessary to be fibrous, it is preferred that the conductive polymer. As the conductive polymer, polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly (p- phenylene vinylene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly (p- phenylene sulfide), can be used such as carbon fiber.
　More preferably from the viewpoint of the stability of the electrical characteristics of the flexible and long carbon fibers. The general carbon fibers it is common multifilament became bundles gathered several filaments may be used which may also than using only monofilament consisting of one. Better to use a multi-filament is preferable from the point of view of the long stability of the electrical characteristics. As the diameter of the monofilament is 1μm ~ 5000μm, preferably from 2μm ~ 100μm. And more preferably from 3μm ~ 10μm. As the number of filaments, preferably from ten to 100,000 present, more preferably 100 to 50,000 present, more preferably from 500 to 30,000 present. Carbon fiber has the advantage of high strength of the fiber axis direction.
　The polymer and may be those filled with conductive fillers fibrous or particulate as the matrix.
　Furthermore, it may be made by forming a layer having a conductivity on the surface of the fibers. As the layer having conductivity, it is possible to coat the conductive filler known conductive polymers and fibrous or granular. As the base fibers of the conductive fibers (fibers subjected to electrical conductor coating), natural fibers to improve the durability, it is preferred semi-natural fibers, synthetic fibers. Conductive fibers to form a layer having conductivity on the surface of the fibers, compared with the carbon fiber, strong normal direction of strength to the fiber axis, is excellent in durability when used in long term.
　Based fibers of the conductive fiber, cotton, hemp, natural fibers such as silk, rayon, cupra, triacetate, semisynthetic fibers such as diacetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polybutylene succinate polyester fiber and the copolymer fibers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 410, nylon 610, nylon 10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6T, nylon 8T, polyamide fibers and such as nylon 10T copolymer fiber, polyethylene, polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polycarbonate fibers, aramid fibers, other synthetic fibers can be exemplified. Or it may be two or more kinds of the composite fiber of these fibers. However it is preferred to use from the viewpoints of handling property and durability synthetic fibers as a base fiber.
　Electrical conductor to be coated on the surface of the base fibers exhibit electrical conductivity, as long as the effect of the present invention may be either.
　For example, it is possible to use gold, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, palladium, copper, indium tin oxide and a mixture thereof and alloys. Even without limitation the coating method and the device. Or applying a paste-like containing a metal, electrolytic plating, the chemical plating fibers or coated with electrical conductor by vacuum deposition, it is possible to apply the present invention widely.
　Further, polyaniline, polyacetylene, poly (p- phenylene vinylene), polypyrrole, polythiophene, and conductive polymers such as poly (p- phenylene sulfide), can also be used as an electrical conductor. These electrical conductors may be used in combination of plural kinds.
　Conductive fibers are multi-filament became bundles gathered several filaments, but may be used which may also than using only monofilament consisting of one. Better to use a multi-filament is preferable from the point of view of the long stability of the electrical characteristics. Diameter of the monofilament is preferably from 1 .mu.m ~ 5000 .mu.m, more preferably 2 .mu.m ~ 100 .mu.m, more preferably 3μm ~ 10μm. As the number of filaments, preferably from ten to 100,000 present, more preferably 100 to 50,000 present, more preferably from 500 to 30,000 present.
(Piezoelectric fibers)
　piezoelectric fibers are fibers having piezoelectricity. The piezoelectric fibers are preferably made of a piezoelectric polymer. The piezoelectric polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride, can be utilized as long as the polymer exhibiting a piezoelectric property such as polylactic acid, it is preferred primarily comprising polylactic acid. Polylactic acid exhibits piezoelectricity readily oriented by stretching after melt spinning, the electric field alignment treatment required in such as polyvinylidene fluoride is excellent in productivity unwanted terms. Furthermore, piezoelectric fibers made of polylactic acid in the tensile or compressive stress in the axial direction, the polarization is small, it is difficult to function as a piezoelectric element, a relatively large electrical output can be obtained by shearing stress, It preferred in the piezoelectric element of the present invention having a shear stress piezoelectric polymer to grant easy to construct.
　Piezoelectric polymer is preferably primarily comprising polylactic acid. By "predominantly", preferably 90 mol%, more preferably 95 mol%, more preferably refer to at least 98 mol%.
　As the polylactic acid, by its crystal structure, L- lactic acid, poly -L- lactic acid and the like obtained by polymerizing L- lactide. Also D- lactic acid, poly--D- acid and the like obtained by polymerizing a D- lactide. There is also a stereo polylactic acid consisting of a hybrid structure of poly -L- lactic acid and poly -D- lactic acid. Polylactic acid can be utilized so long as a piezoelectric property. Preferably in view of the piezoelectric constant height, poly -L- lactic acid, poly -D- acid. Poly -L- lactic acid, respectively polylactic -D- lactic acid, in order to polarization is reversed for the same stress, it is also possible to use a combination of these depending on the purpose.
　Preferably optical purity of the polylactic acid is 99% or more, more preferably 99.3% or more, still more preferably 99.5% or more. Might optical purity considerably piezoelectric modulus is lowered is less than 99%, in some cases to obtain sufficient electrical output by rubbing force to the piezoelectric element surface becomes difficult. Piezoelectric polymer is primarily comprises polylactic -L- lactic acid or poly -D- acid, it is preferable that these optical purity is 99% or more.
　It is preferable that piezoelectric polymer are those containing a uniaxially oriented and crystallized in the fiber axis direction of the coated fiber, more preferably a uniaxially oriented polylactic acid having a crystal. This is because, polylactic acid is to show a large piezoelectric property in the crystalline state and uniaxial orientation.
　Since polylactic acid is a relatively early polyester hydrolysis, when the wet heat resistance is a problem, isocyanate compounds, oxazoline compounds, epoxy compounds, may be added anti-hydrolyzing agent, such as carbodiimide compound. Further, antioxidants such as phosphoric acid-based compound as necessary, a plasticizer, etc. photodegradation preventing agent may be improving physical properties by the addition.
　Further, the polylactic acid may be used as an alloy with other polymers but, if used polylactic acid as a main piezoelectric polymer, the total weight of the alloy containing a polylactic acid of at least 50% by weight or more, based on it is preferable to have, more preferably 70 wt% or more, and most preferably 90 wt% or more.
　The polymers other than polylactic acid in the case of the alloy, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate copolymers, polymethacrylates, and the like as a preferable example. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, so long as achieving the piezoelectric effect aimed in the present invention may be used any polymer.
　Piezoelectric fibers are usually multifilament became bundles gathered several filaments may be using the same. Also may be used monofilament consisting of one. Write utilizing multifilament is preferred in view of the long stability of the piezoelectric characteristics. The diameter of the monofilament, and preferably 1 .mu.m ~ 5000 .mu.m, more preferably 5μm ~ 500μm. And more preferably from 10μm ~ 100μm. Number of filaments is preferably one to 100,000 present, more preferably ten to 50,000 present, more preferably present 100 to 10,000.
　Such a piezoelectric polymer to a piezoelectric fiber, a known technique for fiberizing a polymer, it is possible to employ either long as the effects of the present invention. Approach to molded fiber of extruding the piezoelectric polymer, a method of fiber formation by melt spinning a piezoelectric polymer, a technique for fiber by dry or wet spinning a piezoelectric polymer, electrostatic a piezoelectric polymer it is possible to employ a method or the like which fibers by spinning. These spinning conditions may be applied known techniques in accordance with the piezoelectric polymer is employed, usually can be adopted easily melt spinning method of industrially produced.
　Incidentally, as described above, when the piezoelectric polymer is a polylactic acid, uniaxially stretching and orientation, and because they exhibit a containing the larger piezoelectric crystals, fibers are preferably stretched.
(Substantially coplanar)
　In the present invention, the two conductive fibers and one of the piezoelectric fibers, it is arranged on substantially the same plane. Herein, the substantially the same plane, which means that the fiber axis of the three fibers are arranged substantially on a plane, a "substantially" means to include the thickness occurs at the intersection of the fibers it is intended to.
　For example, between two parallel conductive fibers, forms a single piezoelectric fibers aligned pulled further parallel is in the form that is on substantially the same plane. Further, the fiber axis of the piezoelectric fiber of the one and the parallel conductive fibers of the two also be tilted state not parallel, are on substantially the same plane. Furthermore, one conductive fiber and parallel pull aligned with one of the piezoelectric fibers, the other one of the conductive fibers, in the this argument conductive fibers aligned and piezo fibers, as crossed located on substantially the same plane as well.
　By being disposed substantially on a plane, a combination of the piezoelectric unit, fibrous, easily formed fabric-like piezoelectric element, by utilizing fibrous, the piezoelectric element of the fabric form and shape design of the transducer it is possible to increase the degree of freedom in. These, relationship between piezoelectric fibers and the conductive fibers are selected appropriately depending on the shape change to be detected.
(Placement order)
　piezoelectric units, conductive fibers, piezoelectric fibers, electrically conductive fibers are disposed in this order. By this arrangement, prevents the two electrically conductive fibers of the piezoelectric units are in contact, other means electrically conductive fibers, for example without applying a technique such as coating the insulating material piezoelectric it can function effectively as a unit.
　In this case, it is desirable that the two conductive fiber has a contact with each other and one of the piezoelectric fibers. But it may have no contacts as long as range within 4 mm. Conductive fibers and the distance between the piezoelectric fibers, and more preferably 3mm or less, and more preferably 2mm or less, more preferably 1mm or less, most preferably 0.5mm or less. Exceeding 4mm electrical output is reduced due to the shape change of the piezoelectric fibers, it is difficult to use as transducers.
　The form, conductive fibers, piezoelectric fibers, substantially parallel conductive fibers together include arranged form in this order. Furthermore, two electrically conductive fibers arranged in parallel, one of the piezoelectric fibers, arranged form to intersect these two conductive fibers. Furthermore, arranged two conductive fiber as warp (or weft), it may be arranged a single piezoelectric fibers as weft (or warp). In this case, it is preferable that the conductive fibers of the two are not in contact. During two conductive fibers, insulating material, it is the form of interposing the example insulative fibers preferred. Also coated with insulating material only on the surface where the conductive fiber is likely to contact, may also be employed form to make a direct conductive fibers and piezoelectric fibers are in contact.
(Insulative fibers)
　piezoelectric unit in the present invention includes an insulative fibers, the insulative fibers, electrically conductive fibers in the piezoelectric unit, conductive fibers so as not to contact the other conductive fibers and piezoelectric fibers that there be disposed between the piezoelectric fibers. At this time, the insulating fibers may be used fibers having material, a shape stretch the purpose of improving the flexibility of the fabric. The conductive fibers in the piezoelectric unit, sometimes arranged so as not to contact the conductive fibers and piezoelectric fibers in other piezoelectric units. Arrangement order in the present invention typically are the [conductive fibers / piezoelectric fibers / conductive fibers, the insulative fibers is to not [insulative fibers / conductive fiber / piezoelectric fibers / conductive fibers] It is arranged as [an insulating fiber / conductive fiber / piezoelectric fiber / conductive fiber / insulation fibers. Also in this case, the insulating fibers may be used fibers having material, a shape stretch the purpose of improving the flexibility of the fabric.
　By disposing such insulating fibers to the piezoelectric unit, without having conductive fibers even when combining a plurality of piezoelectric units are in contact, it is possible to improve the performance of the transducer.
　Such insulative fibers, the volume resistivity of 10 6 can be used as long as omega · cm or more, more preferably 10 . 8 omega · cm or more, more preferably 10 10 good or Ω · cm.
　For example as the insulating fibers can be used polyester fibers, nylon fibers, acrylic fibers, polyethylene fibers, polypropylene fibers, polyvinyl chloride fibers, aramid fibers, polysulfone fibers, polyether fibers, polyurethane fibers or the like. Further, it is possible to use natural fibers silk, etc., semisynthetic fibers such as acetate, rayon, and regenerated fibers such as cupra. The present invention is not limited thereto, it can be used any known insulating fibers. Further, may be used in combination of insulative fibers, fiber combinations not having an insulating property may be fibers having an overall insulating properties.
　For the purpose of imparting flexibility to the fabric, known any shape fiber can be used.
(Combination forms the piezoelectric units)
　transducer of the present invention is preferably a woven or knitted fabric containing a plurality of parallel piezoelectric units. That it is this form, as a piezoelectric element, it is possible to improve the deformation degree of freedom of the shape (Flexible is).
　Such woven or knitted fabric form includes a plurality of piezoelectric units, any limitation as long as they function as a piezoelectric element is not. To obtain a woven shape or knitted shape may be knitting woven by conventional loom or knitting machine.
　The fabric of the weave, plain weave, twill, Mihara organization of Hitoshiしゅすおり, change organization, vertical double weave, single double organizations such as horizontal double weave, such as vertical velvet are exemplified.
　Kind of knitted fabric, it may be a round knitted fabric (weft knitted fabric) may be a through knitting. The organization of a round-knit (weft knitted fabric), plain stitch, rubber, ed., Both sides, ed., Pearl stitch, tuck knitting, float stitch, Katahotori knitting, lace knitting, served with hair knitting and the like are preferably exemplified. The warp knitting structure, single Den Bee, eds., Single atlas, ed., Double cord stitch, half tricot knitting, fleece knitting, jacquard knitting, and the like. Number of layers also may be a single layer or a two or more layers. Furthermore, constituted elevational wool between piloerection portion and the ground structure portion consisting of cut pile and / or loop pile, it may be a napped knit.
　Incidentally, if there is incorporated in the piezoelectric unit weave or knitting structure, although the bent portion to the piezoelectric fibers themselves is present, the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric element in order to efficiently expressed, the bending of the piezoelectric fibers If the part is small is preferred. Accordingly, the preferred is more of fabric in the textile and knitting.
　Even in this case, as described above, is more bent portion of the piezoelectric fiber is small, from the fact that the piezoelectric performance is efficient expression, preferably woven Aya than plain weave as a weave, woven satin than twill (satin) It is preferred. Among other satin weave (satin weave), the number of jump is in the range of 3-7, preferably from exerting a woven tissue retention and the piezoelectric performance at a high level.
　Incidentally, woven tissue is appropriately selected by shape change to be detected. For example if you want to detect bending, plain weave structure, it is preferable that the piezoelectric fibers and the conductive fiber is a parallel relationship, when it is desired to detect torsion, satin weave structures, piezoelectric fibers and conductive fibers it is preferable that a direct relationship.
　In addition, piezoelectric fibers for easy charging, there is a case that is likely to malfunction. In such a case, it is also possible to use a piezoelectric fiber to be retrieve the signal ground (earth) to. Separately As a method for grounding (earth) and the conductive fibers for taking out a signal, it is preferable to arrange the conductive fibers. In this case, the volume resistivity of the conductive fiber 10 -1 is preferably not more than omega · cm, more preferably 10 -2 omega · cm or less, more preferably 10 -3 or less Ω · cm.
(S transducers)
　also can be used by arranging a plurality of transducers. Be arranged in one-dimensional stage as arrangement may be arranged to overlap two-dimensionally, news or used in Hen'o the cloth may or Seihimo the braid. Thereby cloth, it is possible to realize a string-like transducer. Cloth, in order to the string-like, so long as achieving the object of the present invention, in combination with other fibers other than the transducer, mixed fiber, union, may be subjected to mixed knitting, etc., also incorporates such a resin it may be used in.
(Electric signal output)
　transducer of the present invention can output contact to the surface, the pressure, the shape change as an electric signal.
　Specific examples of the shape of the transducer of the present invention, hat, gloves, clothing, such as socks, supporters, such as a handkerchief, and the like. Transducer of the present invention, in these shapes, a touch panel, a human or animal surface pressure-sensitive sensor, the bending of the joint portion, twisting, stretching can be used for sensors that sense. For example when used in humans may detect contact and movement, the movement of information gathering, such as joints such as medical applications, can be used as an interface for moving the amusement purposes, it lost tissue and robots. Other, surface pressure-sensitive sensor of stuffed animals and robots that mimic the animal or human type, bending joints, twisting, stretching can be used as a sensor for sensing. Other, can be used for bedding such as sheets and pillows, shoe soles, gloves, chairs, rugs, bags, as a surface pressure-sensitive sensors and shape change sensor such as a flag.
　Furthermore, the sensor of the present invention because it is a fabric-like, since there is elastic and flexible, the surface pressure-sensitive sensor by attaching or coating the whole or part of the surface of any structure, is used as a shape change sensor be able to.
　Incidentally, transducer of the present invention it is possible to extract an electrical signal as an output, such as a power source or power storage for the electrical signals for moving the other devices, can also be used as a power element. Specifically, human, animal, robot, electric power generation by using the movable portion of the things that move voluntarily and machinery, shoe soles, rugs, power generation at the surface of a structure subjected to pressure from outside, the shape change in the fluid power generation by, and the like. To emit an electrical signal by a shape change in the fluid, it is possible or to suppress the adhesion or adsorb the charged material in the fluid.
(Electrical signal input)
　transducer of the present invention, the contact to the surface, pressure, change in shape, it can be expressed by an electric signal the vibration.
　Specific examples of the shape of the transducer of the present invention, hat, gloves, clothing, including socks, supporters, and a shape such as a handkerchief. Transducer of the present invention, in these shapes, the actuator applying pressure to the surface of a human or animal, bending joints, torsion, stretching can be used for actuators that support. For example when used in humans, it is possible to move the contact and movement or pressure amusement purposes or lost tissue giving. Other, or inflated animal or human form the surface of the model was stuffed animals and robots, stretch or to the actuator, bending joints, twisting, movements such as the expansion and contraction can be used as an actuator to give. Other, bedding such as sheets and pillows, shoe soles, gloves, chairs, rugs, and an actuator to move the bag, the surface, such as a flag, handkerchief to shape change in the electrical signal, wrapping cloth, the cloth-like of any shape, such as a bag actuator it can be used as.
　Furthermore, the actuator in the present invention because it is a fabric-like, since there is elastic and flexible, can be used as an actuator for changing the surface shape by attaching or coating the whole or part of the surface of any structure .
　Further, transducers of the present invention it is possible to move the electric signal as an input, can also be used as a speaker for generating a sound by the vibration.
(Other embodiments 1 of the piezoelectric element)
　The present invention includes a transducer including a piezoelectric element of the following another embodiment (FIG. 13, Example 8).
1. Conductive fibers subjected to electrical conductor coated fibers, piezoelectric polymer coated on the surface thereof, and a surface conductive layer formed on the surface of the piezoelectric polymer, a piezoelectric element.
2. Piezoelectric polymer, a piezoelectric element according to item 1 comprising mainly polylactic acid.
3. Piezoelectric polymer is primarily comprises polylactic -L- lactic acid or poly -D- acid, piezoelectric elements of these optical purity item 1 or 2, wherein not less than 99%.
4. Piezoelectric polymer is, the uniaxial orientation, and the piezoelectric element in the preceding paragraph 2 or 3, further comprising a crystal.
5. The piezoelectric element according to any one of items 1 to 4, the conductive fibers are fibers subjected to electrical conductor coated synthetic fibers.
6. The piezoelectric element according to any one of items 1 to 5, which is a sensor for detecting the applied position of the is applied to the piezoelectric element stress and / or stress.
7. It applied stress to the piezoelectric element to be detected, a rubbing force to the piezoelectric element surface, the piezoelectric element of the preceding paragraph 6 wherein.
(Conductive fibers)
　it is preferred that the diameter of the conductive fibers is 1μm ~ 10mm, more preferably 10μm ~ 5mm, more preferably from 0.1 mm ~ 2 mm. Handling reduced diameter is small strength becomes difficult and also, flexibility is sacrificed in the case of a large diameter. It The cross sectional shape of the conductive fiber is a circle or ellipse, is preferred in terms of design and manufacture of the piezoelectric element, but is not limited thereto. Piezoelectric polymer and conductive fibers it is preferred that as much as possible close contact, in order to improve the adhesion, or the like may be provided an anchor layer or an adhesive layer between the conductive fibers and piezoelectric polymer.
　As the base fibers of the conductive fibers (fibers subjected to electrical conductor coating), natural fibers to improve the durability, it is preferred semi-natural fibers, synthetic fibers.
　Based fibers of the conductive fiber, cotton, hemp, natural fibers such as silk, rayon, cupra, triacetate, semisynthetic fibers such as diacetate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polylactic acid, polyglycolic acid, polybutylene succinate polyester fiber and the copolymer fibers such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 46, nylon 410, nylon 610, nylon 10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 6T, nylon 8T, polyamide fibers and such as nylon 10T copolymer fiber, polyethylene, polyolefin fibers such as polypropylene, polyphenylene sulfide fibers, polycarbonate fibers, aramid fibers, other synthetic fibers can be exemplified. Or it may be two or more kinds of the composite fiber of these fibers. However it is preferred to use from the viewpoints of handling property and durability synthetic fibers as a base fiber.
　Electrical conductor to be coated on the surface of the base fibers exhibit electrical conductivity, as long as the effect of the present invention may be either.
　For example, it is possible to use gold, silver, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, zinc, palladium, copper, indium tin oxide and a mixture thereof and alloys. Even without limitation the coating method and the device. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Example
[0007]
　Hereinafter, more specifically described by the present invention embodiment. The present invention is not intended to be any limitation thereto.
Example 1
(Production of polylactic acid)
　Polylactic acid used in Example 1 was prepared by the following method.
　L- lactide (Corporation Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd., optical purity of 100%) with respect to 100 parts by weight, tin octylate 0.005 parts by weight of, 180 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, in with a stirring wing reaction machine in reacted for 2 hours, followed by the addition of 1.2 times the equivalent amount of phosphoric acid to the tin octylate, remaining lactide was removed under reduced pressure at 13.3Pa, into chips, to obtain poly -L- lactic acid (PLLA1) . The weight average molecular weight of 152,000 obtained PLLA1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 ° C., a melting point of 175 ° C..
(Piezoelectric
　fiber) from PLLA1 the 24 holes of the cap, which was melted at 240 ℃ discharged at 20g / min, taken up at 887m / min. The undrawn multifilament yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.3 times to obtain a multi-filament yarn uniaxial stretching 1 of 84dTex / 24filament by heat treatment at 100 ℃. This multifilament uniaxial drawn yarn 1 8 bundle together, and the piezoelectric fibers 1.
(Conductive fibers)
　was used product name "HTS40 3K" carbon fibers multifilament manufactured by Toho Tenax Co. as conductive fibers 1. The conductive fibers 1 is a multi-filament was one bundle of 3,000 filaments with a diameter of 7.0 .mu.m, a volume resistivity × 10 1.6 -3 was Ω · cm.
(Insulative
　fibers) polyethylene terephthalate was melted at 280 ° C. discharged from 48 holes of the cap in 45g / min, taken up in 800m / min. The undrawn yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.5 times to obtain a multi-filament drawn yarn of 167dTex / 48 filaments by by heat treatment at 180 ℃. This multi-filament drawn yarn 4 bundle together, and an insulating fiber 1.
　It arranged insulative fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 1, to prepare a plain weave fabric 1 which arranged piezoelectric fibers 1, the conductive fibers 1 alternately weft. It arranged alternating piezoelectric fiber 1 and the insulative fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 2, was prepared satin material 1 which arranged alternately conductive fibers 1 and the insulative fibers 1 the weft.
　A plain weave 1 and satin material 1 described above was sewn on the sleeves, as shown in Figure 3.
　Connecting a pair of conductive fibers sandwiching the piezoelectric fibers in the respective textile as a signal line to the oscilloscope (Yokogawa Electric Corp. digital oscilloscope DL6000 series trade name "DL6000"). Was bending or twisting the wrist in a state of connecting the signal line, obtained voltage signal as shown in FIGS. 4-7, the direction of twisting and bending, to obtain the inverse of the signal independently it can be, it was possible to obtain a fabric-like joint sensor that is very flexible.
Example 2
(Production of polylactic acid)
　Polylactic acid used in Example 2 was prepared in the following manner.
　L- lactide (Corporation Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd., optical purity of 100%) with respect to 100 parts by weight, tin octylate 0.005 parts by weight of, 180 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, in with a stirring wing reaction machine in reacted for 2 hours, followed by the addition of 1.2 times the equivalent amount of phosphoric acid to the tin octylate, remaining lactide was removed under reduced pressure at 13.3Pa, into chips, to obtain poly -L- lactic acid (PLLA1) . The weight average molecular weight of 152,000 obtained PLLA1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 ° C., a melting point of 175 ° C..
(Piezoelectric
　fiber) from PLLA1 the 24 holes of the cap, which was melted at 240 ℃ discharged at 20g / min, taken up at 887m / min. The undrawn multifilament yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.3 times to obtain a multi-filament yarn uniaxial stretching 1 of 84dTex / 24filament by heat treatment at 100 ℃. This multifilament uniaxial drawn yarn 1 8 bundle together, and the piezoelectric fibers 1.
(Conductive fibers)
　was used product name "HTS40 3K" carbon fibers multifilament manufactured by Toho Tenax Co. as conductive fibers 1. The conductive fibers 1 is a multi-filament was one bundle of 3,000 filaments with a diameter of 7.0 .mu.m, a volume resistivity × 10 1.6 -3 was Ω · cm.
(Insulative
　fibers) polyethylene terephthalate was melted at 280 ° C. discharged from 48 holes of the cap in 45g / min, taken up in 800m / min. The undrawn yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.5 times to obtain a multi-filament drawn yarn of 167dTex / 48 filaments by by heat treatment at 180 ℃. This multi-filament drawn yarn 4 bundle together, and an insulating fiber 1.
　It arranged insulative fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 8, to produce a plain weave fabric 1 which arranged piezoelectric fibers 1, the conductive fibers 1 alternately weft. Cut out the plain weave warp direction 10 mm, in weft direction 100 mm, 5.8 Hz to the pair of conductive fibers sandwiching the piezoelectric fibers, was applied a voltage of 5 kV, the flat fabric 1 is 500μm bends, and functions as an actuator It was confirmed.
Examples 3-6
(Production of polylactic acid)
　Polylactic acid used in Example 3-6 was prepared by the following method.
　L- lactide (Corporation Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd., optical purity of 100%) with respect to 100 parts by weight, tin octylate 0.005 parts by weight of, 180 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere, in with a stirring wing reaction machine in reacted for 2 hours, followed by the addition of 1.2 times the equivalent amount of phosphoric acid to the tin octylate, remaining lactide was removed under reduced pressure at 13.3Pa, into chips, to obtain poly -L- lactic acid (PLLA1) . The weight average molecular weight of 150,000 obtained PLLA1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 ° C., a melting point of 175 ° C..
(Piezoelectric Evaluation of element)
　piezoelectric elements in Examples 3-6 were evaluated as follows.
　The piezoelectric element was evaluated piezoelectric properties by addition of deformation. The evaluation system is shown in Figure 2. Voltage rating used was "DL6000" Yokogawa Electric Co., Ltd. digital oscilloscope DL6000 series trade name.
　Piezoelectric fibers used in Examples 3-6, electrically conductive fibers, the insulative fibers were produced by the following method.
(Piezoelectric
　fiber) from PLLA1 the 24 holes of the cap, which was melted at 240 ℃ discharged at 20g / min, taken up at 887m / min. The undrawn multifilament yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.3 times to obtain a multi-filament yarn uniaxial stretching 1 of 84dTex / 24filament by heat treatment at 100 ℃. This multifilament uniaxial drawn yarn 1 8 bundle together, and the piezoelectric fibers 1.
(Conductive fibers)
　with Teijin Ltd. of copper deposited aramid fibers as the conductive fibers, for the fiber, the PLLA1 was melted at a resin temperature of 200 ° C. is coated concentrically at immediately in air cooling to obtain a coated fiber 1 of length 10 m.
　Here, the copper deposited aramid fibers in coated fiber 1 is a conductive fiber in the present invention, the volume resistivity of the copper deposition aramid fibers × 10 1.0 -2 was Ω · cm. The diameter of the conductive fibers is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the coated PLLA1 layer was 0.3 mm (the coated fiber 1 diameter 1.2 mm).
(Insulating
　fibers) the PET1 which was melted at 280 ℃ discharged from the 48 holes of the cap at 45g / min, taken up at 800m / min. The undrawn yarn 80 ℃, was stretched to 2.5 times to obtain a multi-filament drawn yarn of 167dTex / 48 filaments by by heat treatment at 180 ℃. This multi-filament drawn yarn 4 bundle together, and an insulating fiber 1.
EXAMPLE 3
　arranged insulative fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 9, was prepared plain weave fabric which arranged piezoelectric fibers 1, the conductive fibers 1 alternately weft. The pair of conductive fibers sandwiching the piezoelectric fibers connected to an oscilloscope as a signal line of the plain woven fabric, other conductive fibers is connected to earth. The piezoelectric fibers sandwiched conductive fibers by connecting the signal line by bending rubbing or fibers with a finger, was obtained voltage signal of about 0.02 ~ 0.03V. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
EXAMPLE 4
　arranged alternately piezoelectric fiber 1 and the insulative fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 10, to produce a plain weave fabric which arranged conductive fibers 1 and the insulative fibers 1 alternately weft. The pair of electrically conductive fibers apart 20mm of the fabric is connected to the oscilloscope as a signal line, other conductive fibers is connected to earth. Voltage signal of about 0.01V by rubbing the piezoelectric fibers sandwiched signal line connected but electrically conductive fibers of the fabric with a finger was obtained. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
Example 5
　warp yarns 11 arranged insulative fibers 1, to prepare a plain weave fabric which arranged piezoelectric fibers 1, the conductive fibers 1 alternately weft. The pair of electrically conductive fibers sandwiching the ends close to the piezoelectric fibers of the fabric is connected to a voltage source as the signal lines, when a voltage was applied, twist occurs throughout the fabric. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (actuator). In addition, the results of durability evaluation, after folding test 2,000 times, this feature is also were expressed.
Example 6
　arranged insulating fibers 1 in the warp as shown in FIG. 12, the insulative fibers 1 in the weft, the conductive fiber 1, the piezoelectric fibers 1, by arranging the order of electrically conductive fibers 1 satin (satin) fabric It was produced. The pair of conductive fibers that sandwich the piezoelectric fibers of the fabric is connected to the oscilloscope as a signal line, it was added the deformation of twisting the fabric, a voltage signal of about 0.01V was obtained. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
EXAMPLE 7
　Copper deposition aramid fiber Teijin Ltd. as the core, braid and four manufactured multifilament uniaxially drawn yarn 1 prepared in Example 3 as Maruuchi pair thereof.
　The four braid, using dichloromethane, welded by dissolving the fibers circumferential surface of the multifilament uniaxially stretched yarn was obtained piezoelectric element.
　The piezoelectric element was evaluated for piezoelectric property in the configuration shown in FIG. 14. This by rubbing the surface of the piezoelectric element found to be a very large voltage and 5V can be obtained, it was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
Example 8
(Production of polylactic
　acid) L-lactide (Corporation Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd., optical purity of 100%) to 100 parts by weight of tin octylate 0.005 parts by weight of a nitrogen atmosphere, a stirring blade 2 hours and reacted at 180 ℃ in marked with the reactor, followed by the addition of 1.2 times the equivalent amount of phosphoric acid to the tin octylate, and lactide removed under reduced pressure and the remaining in 13.3Pa, into chips, poly - It was obtained L- lactic acid (PLLA1). The weight average molecular weight of 152,000 obtained PLLA1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 ° C., a melting point of 175 ° C..
(Evaluation of the piezoelectric element)
　the piezoelectric element in Example 8 was evaluated as follows.
　Parallel to the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element, the surface conductive layer (load of evaluating piezoelectric characteristics by rubbing at a rate of about 0.5 m / s by contacting a finger (gold deposited surface) surface below 50gf (500mmN) all examples, set to be substantially the same through the comparative example). The evaluation system embodiment is shown in FIG. 14. Voltage evaluation using the "DL6000" Yokogawa Electric Co., Ltd. of digital oscilloscope DL6000 series product name, to measure the detection voltage.
(Durability Evaluation)
　Each of the piezoelectric elements, is folded in a direction perpendicular to the conductive fibers. Repeated 2,000 times this by continuously again and evaluated for piezoelectric elements.
(Manufacture of the piezoelectric element)
　using copper deposition aramid fiber manufactured by Teijin as the conductive fibers Corporation, for the fiber, the PLLA1 was melted at a resin temperature of 200 ° C. is coated concentrically and immediately in the air It cooled on to obtain a coated fiber 1 of length 10 m.
　Here, the copper deposited aramid fibers in coated fiber 1 is a conductive fiber in the present invention, the volume resistivity of the copper deposition aramid fibers × 10 1.0 -2 was Ω · cm. The diameter of the conductive fibers is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the coated PLLA1 layer was 0.3 mm (the coated fiber 1 diameter 1.2 mm).
　Then, the coated fiber 1 is cut to a fiber length of 12cm, both ends were removed by 1cm only the inner conductive fibers, coated 10cm length of the inner conductive fiber, the length of the outer PLLA1 layers of 12cm It created the fiber 2. Then put this coated fiber 2 in a tensile testing machine set to a temperature 80 ° C., the portion consisting of only PLLA1 layers of coated fiber 2 both ends (1cm edge) is gripped at the nip, respectively, PLLA1 outer layers only It was uniaxial stretching. Stretching speed was 200mm / min, and stretched in the stretching ratio of 3. Thereafter, further, while holding at a nip performs is allowed 5 minutes heat treatment temperature to rise to 140. ° C., after crystallization was removed from the coated fibers 2 a tensile test machine by quenching.
　The resulting coated fiber 2 is a concentric arrangement of two layers, the diameter is 0.8 mm, the thickness of the coated PLLA1 layer was 0.1 mm. Further, to obtain a piezoelectric element of the coated present invention by vapor deposition so as gold to about half of the coated fiber surface a thickness of about 100 nm. The volume resistivity of the surface conductive layer of gold is 10 × 1.0 -4 was Ω · cm.
　It referred to the schematic view of the piezoelectric element in Figure 13. Create the piezoelectric element 4 in the same manner was evaluated for piezoelectric property by arranging them in parallel, as shown in FIG. 14.
　The results of the evaluation of the piezoelectric element, a very large voltage and a voltage higher than 3V has been found to be obtained by simply rubbing the surface. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
Example 9
(Production of polylactic
　acid) L-lactide (Corporation Musashino Chemical Laboratory, Ltd., optical purity of 100%) to 100 parts by weight of tin octylate 0.005 parts by weight of a nitrogen atmosphere, a stirring blade 2 hours and reacted at 180 ℃ in marked with the reactor, followed by the addition of 1.2 times the equivalent amount of phosphoric acid to the tin octylate, and lactide removed under reduced pressure and the remaining in 13.3Pa, into chips, poly - It was obtained L- lactic acid (PLLA1). The weight average molecular weight of 152,000 obtained PLLA1, glass transition temperature (Tg) of 55 ° C., a melting point of 175 ° C..
(Evaluation of the piezoelectric element)
　the piezoelectric element in Example 9 were evaluated as follows.
　Parallel to the longitudinal direction of the piezoelectric element was evaluated piezoelectric properties by rubbing at a rate of about 0.5 m / s by contacting a finger. The evaluation system in Example 9 is shown in Figure 16. Voltage rating used was "DL6000" Yokogawa Electric Co., Ltd. digital oscilloscope DL6000 series trade name.
(Manufacture of the piezoelectric element)
　using copper deposition aramid fiber manufactured by Teijin as the conductive fibers Corporation, for the fiber, the PLLA1 was melted at a resin temperature of 200 ° C. is coated concentrically and immediately in the air It cooled on to obtain a coated fiber 1 of length 10 m.
　Here, the copper deposited aramid fibers in coated fiber 1 is a conductive fiber in the present invention, the volume resistivity of the copper deposition aramid fibers × 10 1.0 -2 was Ω · cm. The diameter of the conductive fibers is 0.6 mm, the thickness of the coated PLLA1 layer was 0.3 mm (the coated fiber 1 diameter 1.2 mm).
　Then, the coated fiber 1 is cut to a fiber length of 12cm, both ends were removed by 1cm only the inner conductive fibers, coated 10cm length of the inner conductive fiber, the length of the outer PLLA1 layers of 12cm the fiber 2 was prepared. Then put this coated fiber 2 in a tensile testing machine set to a temperature 80 ° C., the portion consisting of only PLLA1 layers of coated fiber 2 both ends (1cm edge) is gripped at the nip, respectively, PLLA1 outer layers only It was uniaxial stretching. Stretching speed was 200mm / min, and stretched in the stretching ratio of 3. Thereafter, further, while holding at a nip performs is allowed 5 minutes heat treatment temperature to rise to 140. ° C., after crystallization was removed from the coated fibers 2 a tensile test machine by quenching.
　The resulting coated fiber 2 is a concentric arrangement of two layers, the diameter is 0.9 mm, the thickness of the coated PLLA1 layer was 0.15 mm. Further, the coated fiber 2 is two welded to remove the end portions of the piezoelectric polymer of the surface, the conductive fibers and exposed, to obtain a piezoelectric element as shown in FIG. 15.
　They were evaluated for piezoelectric property in the configuration shown the piezoelectric element in Fig. The results of the evaluation of the piezoelectric element, a very large voltage and about 6V has been found to be obtained by simply rubbing the surface. It was confirmed that that serves the function as a piezoelectric element (sensor). As a result of durability evaluation, after folding test of 2,000 times even piezoelectric performance was maintained over 90%.
Effect of the Invention
(transducer and an electric signal output)
　transducer to an electrical signal of the present invention and the output can using conventional fibrous materials, and manufactured by adopting a conventional woven or knitted fabric structure . The transducer may be a cloth-like having flexibility. Transducers, handkerchief like foldable fabric-like, and further may be a any shape that can be realized by a fabric such as clothes like. The transducer can be used as fabric-like sensors and power generating element.
(Transducer which receives the electrical signal)
　transducer for receiving the electrical signals of the present invention, using conventional textile material and can be manufactured by adopting a conventional woven or knitted fabric structure. The transducer may be a cloth-like having flexibility. Transducers, handkerchief like foldable fabric-like, and further may be a any shape that can be realized by a fabric such as clothes like. Transducer, because when an electric signal is applied to the shape changes, can also be used as an actuator.
Industrial applicability
[0008]
(Transducer and an electric signal output)
　transducer that outputs an electric signal of the present invention can be used as fabric-like sensors and power generating element.
　Specific examples of the sensor, hat, gloves, clothing, including socks, supporters, in the form of a handkerchief-like, touch panel, people and animals of the surface pressure-sensitive sensor, bending joints, twisting, stretching sensor for sensing the like.
　For example when used in humans, it may be used as a sensor for detecting a contact or movement, for collecting the motion information, such as joints such as medical applications. Also be used as an interface for moving the amusement purposes, it lost tissue and robots. Other, surface pressure-sensitive sensor of stuffed animals and robots that mimic the animal or human type, bending joints, twisting, stretching can be used as a sensor for sensing.
　Other, can be used for bedding such as sheets and pillows, shoe soles, gloves, chairs, rugs, bags, as a surface pressure-sensitive sensors and shape change sensor such as a flag.
　Furthermore, the sensor of the present invention because it is a fabric-like, since there is elastic and flexible, the surface pressure-sensitive sensor by attaching or coating the whole or part of the surface of any structure, is used as a shape change sensor be able to.
　Transducer of the present invention, it is possible to extract an electrical signal as an output, such as a power source or power storage for the electrical signals for moving the other devices, it can also be used as a power element. Specifically, human, animal, robot, electric power generation by using the movable portion of the things that move voluntarily and machinery, shoe soles, rugs, power generation at the surface of a structure subjected to pressure from outside, the shape change in the fluid such as power generation by, and the like. To emit an electrical signal by a shape change in the fluid, it is possible or to suppress the adhesion or adsorb the charged material in the fluid.
(Transducer which receives the electrical signal)
　transducer for receiving the electrical signals of the present invention, since when an electric signal is applied to the shape changes, can also be used as an actuator.
　For example, by applying an electrical signal to the transducer which is a cloth-like, or move an object placed on the fabric surface, or wrap an object, or compression, can be vibrated.
　Also it is possible to express a variety of shapes by controlling the electrical signal to be applied to the piezoelectric elements constituting the transducer. Furthermore, it is possible to function as a speaker by the fabric itself vibrates.
　As a specific example, can be used as an actuator to provide the hat, gloves, clothing, including socks, supporters, and the shape such as handkerchiefs shape, the pressure on the surface of a human or an animal or object. Further, the bending of the joint portion, twisting, stretching can be used as an actuator which supports. For example when used in humans, it is possible to move the contact and movement or pressure amusement purposes or lost tissue giving. Other, or the animal and human type inflating the surface of the stuffed animals and robots that mimic, stretched or the actuator, bending joints, twisting, movements such as the expansion and contraction can be used as an actuator to give.
　Other, bedding such as sheets and pillows, shoe soles, gloves, chairs, rugs, and an actuator to move the bag, the surface, such as a flag, handkerchief to shape change in the electrical signal, wrapping cloth, the cloth-like of any shape, such as a bag actuator it can be used as.
　Furthermore, the transducer of the present invention because it is a fabric-like, since there is elastic and flexible, can be used as an actuator for changing the surface shape by attaching or coating the whole or part of the surface of any structure it can.
　Incidentally, transducer of the present invention it is possible to move the electric signal as an input, can also be used as a speaker for generating a sound by the vibration.

The scope of the claims
[Claim 1]
　Wherein the two conductive fibers and one of the piezoelectric fibers, these are substantially the same plane, conductive fibers, piezoelectric fibers, comprising a piezoelectric unit disposed in the order of electrically conductive fibers, an electrical signal transducer to the output or input.
[Claim 2]
　The piezoelectric unit includes a insulative fibers, the insulative fibers, electrically conductive fibers in the piezoelectric unit is disposed so as not to contact the conductive fibers or conductive fiber and piezoelectric fibers, in other piezoelectric units transducer according to claim 1, wherein there.
[Claim 3]
　Piezoelectric fibers, transducer according to claim 1 comprising primarily polylactic acid.
[Claim 4]
　Piezoelectric fibers, primarily includes poly -L- lactic acid or poly -D- lactic acid, transducer of claim 1, wherein these optical purity is 99% or more.
[Claim 5]
　Transducer according to claim 1, wherein the piezoelectric fibers, including uniaxially oriented and crystallized.
[6.]
　Conductive fibers (i) carbon fibers or (ii) transducer according to claim 1 wherein the fibers coated with electrically conductive objects synthetic fibers.
[7.]
　Conductive fibers to folding in the normal direction, which 2,000 repetitions transducer according to claim 1, wherein the detection voltage is folded before more than 90% after.
[8.]
　Transducer according to claim 1, wherein the woven or knitted fabric containing a plurality of piezoelectric units.
[9.]
　A fabric containing a plurality of piezoelectric unit, the weave is a plain weave, twill, satin weave, or transducer according to claim 8 wherein is their complex structure.
[10.]
　Transducer according to claim 8 for use in combination of a plurality of woven or knitted fabric.
[11.]
　Sensor Using transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
[12.]
　Generation element using a transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
[13.]
　Actuators using transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
[14.]
　Speakers using transducer according to any one of claims 1 to 10.