TRANSFER DEVICE VALVE
Technical Field
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to transfer devices for use with medicinal
substances. More particularly, the disclosure concerns a pressure controlled valve device.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Blood reflux into central line and other types of vascular catheters can lead to
intraluminal thrombosis, creating a full or partial occlusion of the IV access device. Such occlusions
can interfere with IV therapy, provide a nutrient-rich area for pathogenic bacteria, or be detached
from the catheter, leading to venous thrombosis. Even in cases where intraluminal thrombosis does
not lead t o further health complications, such a condition requires the replacement of the catheter,
a procedure which can be both time consuming and lead to injury at the removal site and the new
introduction site.
SUMMARY
[0003] In a first embodiment, a valve is provided. The valve comprises a housing having an first
opening and a second opening; and an elastomeric member positioned in the housing, the
elastomeric member comprising a thickness, a continuous peripheral wall projecting from the
thickness; and a slit extending through the thickness, a continuous portion of the peripheral wall
creating a continuous sealable contact with the housing and partitioning the housing into an upper
section and a lower section, the elastomeric member configured such that upon creating a pressure
differential between the upper section and the lower section of the housing causes either: (i) the
peripheral wall to deflect from the housing permitting fluid flow around the elastomeric member; or
(ii) the slit to open permitting fluid flow through the elastomeric member.
[0004] In an aspect of the first embodiment, the valve further comprises a support positioned in
the housing and surrounded by the peripheral wall, the support configured t o provide fluid
communication between the first opening and the second opening. In another aspect, alone or in
combination with any of the previous aspects of the first embodiment, the support member is
received by or integral with the housing. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the
previous aspects of the first embodiment, the support member comprises a plurality of spaced apart
columns arranged about the second opening, the distal ends of the plurality of columns surrounded
by the peripheral wall. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects
of the first embodiment, the support member comprises an annular wall arranged around the
second opening, the annular wall having at least one fluid flow passage providing fluid
communication between the lower section and the second opening.
[0005] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the second opening comprises a conduit that extends into the housing and is
surrounded the peripheral wall. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous
aspects of the first embodiment, a portion of the conduit extending into the housing is of a larger
internal diameter than the conduit extending external t o the housing.
[0006] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, a portion of housing is tapered and a distal portion of the peripheral wall tapers in
sealable contact therewith.
[0007] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the upper portion of the housing comprises an interior wall, the interior wall
comprising at least one recessed channel therein and extending substantially along the longitudinal
axis of the housing, wherein deflection of the peripheral wall from the housing substantially
corresponds to the placement of the at least one recessed channel.
[0008] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the housing comprises two or more components sealably connectable to form a fluid
tight assembly.
[0009] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the thickness comprises a top surface and a bottom surface separated from the top
surface by the thickness; and the peripheral wall has a second thickness, and the peripheral wall
projects from the bottom surface. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the
previous aspects of the first embodiment, the second thickness is less than the thickness between
the top and bottom surfaces.
[0010] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the elastomeric member further comprises a continuous lateral protrusion along the
peripheral edge of the thickness, and the housing is configured with a corresponding recess to
receive the continuous lateral protrusion and to provide a radial stress to the surface of the
elastomeric member. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of
the first embodiment, the elastomeric member further comprises one or more vertical protrusions
on the top surface, the housing being configured to provide a normal stress to the one or more
vertical protrusions.
[0011] In other aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the thickness is concave, convex, or concave and convex on opposing sides of the
thickness.
[0012] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the elastomeric member is annular, oval, cylindrical, hemispherical, or cup-shaped. In
another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first embodiment,
the elastomeric member is conical frustum-shaped.
[0013] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the top surface of the elastomeric member has one or more fluid channels terminating
at the peripheral edge.
[0014] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the slit opens at a threshold pressure greater than a threshold pressure required to
deflect the peripheral wall from the housing.
[0015] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first
embodiment, the slit, in combination with the first opening and the second opening, is configured to
receive an elongated medical device through the housing. In another aspect, alone or in
combination with any of the previous aspects of the first embodiment, the support is configured to
receive and/or guide an elongated medical device through the housing. In another aspect, alone or
in combination with any of the previous aspects of the first embodiment, the support in combination
with the slit is configured to receive and/or guide an elongated medical device through the housing.
[0016] In a second embodiment, a method of controlling flow direction through a device is
provided. The method comprising: creating, in a device comprising the valve as defined in any of
aspects of the first embodiment, a pressure differential between the upper section and the lower
section of the housing; causing the peripheral wall to deflect from the housing and permitting fluid
flow around the elastomeric member; or, in the alternative; causing the slit to open permitting fluid
aspiration through the elastomeric member; wherein fluid flow direction through the device is
controlled.
[0017] In a first aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the second
embodiment, the pressure differential between the upper section and the lower section of the
housing is created by a negative pressure applied to the upper section of the housing or by a positive
pressure applied to the lower section of the housing so that the slit permits fluid flow therethrough.
[0018] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the
second embodiment, the pressure differential between the upper section and the lower section of
the housing is created by a positive pressure applied to the upper section of the housing so that the
peripheral wall permits fluid flow around the elastomeric member.
[0019] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the
second embodiment, the method further comprises introducing a flushing solution t o the upper
portion of the housing via the first opening; causing, by positive pressure, deflection of the
peripheral wall from the housing; urging the flushing solution around the elastomeric member; re
directing fluid flow in the lower section of the housing; and cleaning at least a portion of the lower
section of the housing.
[0020] In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the
second embodiment, the cleaning further comprises preventing thrombus within the device after
aspiration of biological fluid through the device or preventing bacterial growth within the device
after aspiration. In another aspect, alone or in combination with any of the previous aspects of the
second embodiment, the method further comprises preventing reflux within the device.
BRIEF DESCRI PTION OFTHE DRAWINGS
[0021] FIG. 1 is a plan view, with sectional plane A-A, of an embodiment of a pressure activated
valve in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a top view of FIG. 1 showing sectional planes 4A-4A and 4B-4B;
[0023] FIG. 3 is an exploded view of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0024] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B are cross-sectional views of the embodiment of FIG. 1 along
sectional planes 4A-4A and 4B-4B, respectively;
[0025] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the upper housing of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0026] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the lower housing of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
[0027] FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B are cross-sectional views of the embodiment of FIG. 1 along
sectional planes 4A-4A and 4B-4B, respectively, in a first state of operation and in a second state of
operation, respectively;
[0028] FIG. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D are perspective views of the elastomeric member in accordance
with embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 9 is a plan view, with sectional planes B-B, of another embodiment of a pressure
activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 10 is a top view of FIG. 1 showing sectional planes 12A-12A and 12A-12A;
[0031] FIG. 11A and 11B are an exploded view and exploded sectional view, respectively of the
embodiment of FIG. 9;
[0032] FIG. 12A and FIG. 12B are cross-sectional views of the embodiment of FIG. 9 along
sectional planes 12A-2A and 12B-12B, respectively;
[0033] FIG. 13A and 13B are a plan view and a perspective view of the lower housing,
respectively, of the embodiment of FIG. 9;
[0034] FIG. 14A and FIG. 14B are cross-sectional views of the embodiment of FIG. 9 along
sectional planes 12A-2A and 12B-12B, respectively, in a first state of operation and in a second state
of operation, respectively;
[0035] FIG. 15A, 15B, and 15C are sectional views of another embodiment of a pressure
activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure, FIG. 15B showing the embodiment of FIG.
15A rotated 90°;
[0036] FIG. 16A is a plan view, with sectional plane 16B-16B, of another embodiment of a
pressure activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 16B is a cross-sectional view along sectional plane 16B-16B, of the embodiment of
FIG. 16A;
[0038] FIG. 17A is a plan view, with sectional plane 17B-17B, of another embodiment of a
pressure activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 17B is a cross-sectional view along sectional plane 17B-17B, of the embodiment of
FIG. 17A;
[0040] FIG. 18A is a plan view, with sectional plane 18B-18B, of another embodiment of a
pressure activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 18B is a cross-sectional view along sectional plane 18B-18B, of the embodiment of
FIG. 18A;
[0042] FIG. 19A is a plan view, with sectional plane 19B-19B, of another embodiment of a
pressure activated valve in accordance with the present disclosure; and
[0043] FIG. 19B is a cross-sectional view along sectional plane 19B-19B, of the embodiment of
FIG. 19A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0044] The valve of the present disclosure, and devices comprising the valve, reduce or
eliminate reflux of blood into the distal tip of a vascular catheter. Devices comprising the valve of
the present disclosure can be used as a stand-alone replacement for an open Luer or used in
conjunction with an existing IV access valve, even when use of the IV access valve alone would
create blood reflux from a negative bolus. The valve has, by design, a high injection direction flow
rate and a high internal fluid mixing, preventing un-flushable fluid volumes which could lead to
bacterial colonization and catheter related blood stream infection (CRBSI). These two primary
benefits are not readily available in the valves and devices present in the art.
[0045] The presently disclosed valve which can also be referred to as a "pressure activated
valve," or, alternatively referred to as an "infusion patency valve," is a valve suitable for assembly in
a device, such as a medical device. The valve comprises an elastomeric member configured to reside
in a housing, the elastomeric member having a slit through a thickness, the elastomeric member
further having a deflectable peripheral wall in interference contact with the housing interior so as to
form a fluid-tight seal and to partition the housing into an upper and lower portion. Each partition
having associated therewith an opening for fluid egress and ingress.
[0046] In one aspect, the disclosed valve allows for a low-head pressure delivery of fluids in
one-direction t o flow through the valve and openings of a device. This type of fluid delivery is
consistent with both continuous IV therapy and periodic delivery by injection or IV pump. When
fluid, either through an attached Luer or other infusion device, is introduced into the proximal end of
a device comprising the disclosed patency valve, a pressure differential is created between partitions
in the housing. The pressure differential, in one state, deflects the peripheral wall surface of the
elastomeric member, breaking a fluid-tight seal with the housing. This permits the flow of fluid
around the elastomeric member and through this temporary junction, and introduces fluid into the
other partition of the housing separated by the elastomeric member.
[0047] In one state, e.g., infusion, where there is a positive pressure differential formed
between the upper and the lower partitions of the housing, the valve of the present disclosure
provides a low valve cracking pressure. In addition t o the low cracking pressure, the valve of the
present disclosure further provides a low restriction t o flow in the infusion direction (proximal to
distal flow direction) which allows devices comprising the valve to be used with existing IV infusion
systems. The low, but non-zero, cracking pressure of the valve described herein still prevents the
ingress of air in the infusion direction when the valve is near the vertical level of the injection site.
This is provided, among other things, by arranging flowing around the elastomeric member, and
configuring the internal design of the housing so as to aid in valve flushability while providing for a
high flow rate.
[0048] In another state, e.g., aspiration, where there is a negative pressure differential formed
between the upper and the lower partitions of the housing, the valve of the present disclosure
provides a higher threshold cracking pressure than in the infusion direction. This configuration of
the presently disclosed valve, among other things, prevents reflux of blood into the catheter lumen,
typically resulting from a transient vacuum caused by the disconnection of a Luer, infusion
accessory, or needle-free access valve. As a result of the design and configuration of the presently
disclosed valve and devices comprising same, the prevention of blood reflux is provided and the risk
of intraluminal thrombosis, and bacterial colonization or infection is therefore, reduced or
eliminated. The cracking pressure of the presently disclosed valve in the aspiration direction is
configured such that it is still low enough t o permit the deliberate withdrawal of fluids using a
syringe or vacuum tube, as is conventionally performed.
[0049] Another advantage of the presently disclosed valve or devices comprising same is the
configuration of the valve within the device provides for high fluid mixing and/or flushing of bloodcontacted
surfaces. The fluid volume and/or velocity in the infusion direction is controlled so as to
maximize fluid mixing in the partitioned space of the device. This high degree of mixing improves
flushing of the valve, limiting dead volume that could otherwise lead t o bacterial colonization from
un-flushed nutrient-rich infusates.
[0050] The presently disclosed valve is configured in one embodiment to be attached to one
end of a medical device having a lumen, such as a catheter, and is designed, among other things, to
prevent the reflux of blood or other fluids into the lumen or lumens of the medical device adapted
to the patency valve connector. Inclusion of the valve, either alone or in a connector, can be used in
combination with or integral with a medical device having a lumen, e.g., a vascular catheter, and can
be configured for coupling with such devices or be configured for integration during the
manufacture of the catheter, or later, at the point of use.
[0051] One advantage of the presently disclosed valve and devices comprising same is that
detachment of an accessing Luer-attached device from a proximal end of a device comprising the
present valve, or detachment from a needle-free access valve attached t o the proximal end of a
device comprising the present valve will not cause the reflux of blood into the central line lumen(s).
Moreover, a device comprising the present valve will still permit the withdrawal of fluids, such as
blood or other biological fluids, through the lumen by an accessing syringe or vacuum vial
(Vacutainer, e.g.).
[0052] In one aspect, the valve comprises a housing and an elastomeric member. In another
aspect, the valve comprises a housing, and elastomeric member, and a support. The various aspects
of the valve are now discussed in reference to exemplary embodiments and/or the accompanying
drawings.
[0053] The housing comprising the valve can comprises a single component or be of a multicomponent
configuration. In one aspect, the housing comprises an upper section and a lower
section sealably connectable to the upper section to provide a watertight assembly. In another
aspect, the housing comprises an upper section comprised of two or more parts that are sealably
connectable to the lower section to provide a watertight assembly. The housing can be of a
conventional plastic suitable for medical devices such as polycarbonate, polyester, cyclic olefinic
copolymer, ABS, and the like.
[0054] The elastomeric member is configured to partition the housing into an upper and lower
section. Generally, the elastomeric member can be annular, oval, cylindrical, hemispherical, cupshaped
or conical frustum-shaped. In one aspect, the elastomeric member can be cup-shaped or
conical frustum-shaped with an internal cavity formed between its base and its surface. In one
aspect, a horizontal or convex/concave surface with a peripheral wall projection from that surface
forming a cup-shape or a conical frustum-shape can advantageously be used. The peripheral wall
from such construction can be oval or round, or of another shape, provided a continuous fluid-tight
seal can be cooperatively arranged with an interior portion of the housing and a portion of the outer
surface of the peripheral wall so as to partition the housing into an upper and a lower portion, and
provide flow direction functionality to the valve or the device. The peripheral wall can taper away
from the surface it projects from or project normal thereto. Alternatively or in combination with a
taper, the outer diameter of the peripheral wall and/or the surface it projects from can be greater
than a corresponding inner diameter of the corresponding mating portion of the housing so as to
provide the interference and/or fluidic seal and/or partitioning of the housing. The taper angle of the
peripheral wall can be greater than the taper of the interior wall of the housing t o provide an
interference relationship of an amount capable of facilitating a fluid-tight seal there between and to
effectively partition the housing of the device into at least two sections. Alternatively or in
combination with the above, the peripheral wall thickness can be tapered toward its distal end.
[0055] In one aspect, the elastomeric member comprises a conical frustum shape having a
surface, the surface having a top surface and a bottom surface separated from the top surface by a
first thickness, and the peripheral wall projecting away from the bottom surface has a second
thickness, the peripheral wall forming a cavity that includes the bottom surface. The second
thickness can be less than or equal to the first thickness. The surfaces can be concave and convex on
opposing sides or can be concave or convex on one side only. The top surface of the elastomeric
member can have one or more fluid channels terminating at its peripheral edge. Other features are
described below and in the drawings.
[0056] The elastomeric member comprises one or more slits through a thickness so as t o open
upon a pressure differential between the upper and lower sections of the housing, which can be
created for example, by withdrawal of fluid from either distal ends of a device comprising the
elastomeric member. The slit of the elastomeric member is configured to open at a threshold
pressure greater than a threshold pressure required to deflect the peripheral wall from the housing.
The housing is configured such that headspace above the elastomeric member and the inside
surface of the upper housing provides sufficient clearance for the slit to open. In a first state, the slit
is resistant t o flow in the proximal to distal flow direction (e.g., infusion) in one aspect, which,
among other things, limits the capacity of the slit t o open in this flow direction. However, flow in
another direction (e.g., aspiration) is permitted through the slit.
[0057] In one aspect, the elastomeric member has a generally flat or convex/concave top
surface, having a conical frustum-shaped cavity that includes a bottom surface supported by one or
more supports (e.g., protruding columns or a wall) that project aligned with the longitudinal axis of
housing. The support(s) can be integral with the lower housing or can be placed in position during
manufacturing. An interference fit of at least a portion of the elastomeric member is maintained by
features on either the upper and/or or lower housings components and/or the elastomeric member.
The elastomeric member may also be secured in place via an annular fitment or projection with or
without said support(s) to position the elastomeric member during manufacturing and device use
and/or provide a radial compressive stress to the slit (e.g., to adjust or control the slit cracking
pressure). For example, the elastomeric member can comprises a continuous lateral protrusion
along the peripheral edge of its top conical frustum surface, and the housing can be configured with
a corresponding recess t o receive the continuous lateral protrusion and to provide interference
and/or a radial stress to the surface thickness of the elastomeric member. The continuous lateral
protrusion can be of a thickness equal t o or less than the thickness of the surface. In addition t o or
in combination with, the elastomeric member can comprise one or more vertical protrusions from
its conical frustum top surface, the housing being configured and dimensioned to provide a normal
stress to the one or more vertical protrusions for securing the elastomeric member during assembly
or use.
[0058] In one aspect the elastomeric member is part of a valve assembly. The valve assembly
can be configured for a variety of housing configurations designed for fluid coupling, such as twoway,
three-way and four-way couplings. The valve assembly can comprise the elastomeric member
and optional support configured for introduction into a housing. The assembly can be configured t o
adapt to a two-piece housing construct, either having a lower/upper housing, a two-piece housing
separated along the longitudinal axis, or a combination thereof, e.g., a solid lower housing and a
two-piece upper housing.
[0059] Withdraw of fluids through the infusion patency valve (fluid flow from in the distal to
proximal direction) is restricted below the threshold cracking pressure of the slit(s) which are formed
through the central axis of the elastomeric member. The threshold cracking pressure is designed to
be high enough so that transient vacuum caused by the disconnection of a Luer, infusion accessory,
or attached needle-free access valve, does not open the slit and hence, the valve to flow in that
direction. However, the aspiration flow direction "cracking pressure" is designed t o be low enough
to permit the deliberate withdraw of fluid by syringe or vacuum tube, if needed. The design of the
conical frustum-like section of the elastomeric member and its interference with the conical interior
portion of the housing provides for one-way flow of fluid, operable in either direction, controlling
the fluid flow in the housing between its openings with leak-free function and ease of use.
[0060] The valve and devices configured with this valve can be configured for passage of a
medical device e.g., an introducer such as a guidewire or other medical device. Designs with the
present valve can provide for an "over the guidewire" placement or replacement technique and
eliminate or prevent bleed-back or air embolisms. In one aspect of the present disclosure each of
the embodiments are exclusive of spring-actuated valve assemblies, or spring-actuated valve
assemblies having an introducer valve within a cavity of the valve housing, or compression ring
actuated valve assemblies. Of course, such devices can be used in combination with the presently
disclosed valve. The valve embodiments disclosed herein eliminate the need for a triple layer design
of a slit opening, followed by a hole, followed by another slit opening, for example. Indeed, in
certain aspects, the present disclosure is devoid of pinching of the elastomeric member between
halves of the housing for supporting the elastomeric member, whereas, instead, a design of the
elastomeric member in cooperative relationship with the interior wall of the housing is employed.
Likewise, the presently disclosed valve embodiments minimize dead space above and below the
valve assembly and/or provides for effective flushing of any such dead space. Furthermore, the
present valve embodiments avoid problems common t o other configurations of pressure-actuated
valves used in medical devices, such as: 1) leakage of fluids through "dome-like" septa having slits
for two-way fluid transfer; 2) an inability t o gravity feed through devices having a slit "trampolined"
between walls of a housing; and 3) an inability to effectively flush the inside of the device with valves
designed for two-fluid flow through the slit. The present valve, in contrast, provides for elimination
of leakage, the ability to gravity feed, as well as improved flushing of the inside of the device
comprising the valve. Moreover, additional advantages of the valve of the present disclosure
includes the directional control of fluid flow through the device via passage either through or around
the elastomeric member, the minimization of dead space and/or improved flushing capability,
repeatable guidewire accessibility without failure or problems generally associated with known
valved systems.
[0061] The elastomeric member can be fabricated from conventional thermoset rubbers
(synthetic and non-synthetic). The elastomeric member is configured between the proximal and
distal housings during manufacturing. The interference between the conical periphery of the
elastomeric member and the conical portion of the proximal housing forms a normally closed valve.
This interference, among other things, allows low pressure passage of liquids in one direction.
[0062] The design of the pressure activated/patency valve allows for the passage of a wire or
cannula through the central axis of the device. This is helpful for placement of a PICC or CVC
catheter, as well as a short peripheral IV catheter. Thus, the presently disclosed valve can serve to
function as a "bloodless start" valve, thereby limiting exposure of blood to the clinician upon
placement of the catheter. Upon insertion, the wire or needle cannula can be removed, the slit
automatically closes upon its removal, and the caregiver is protected from excess exposure of blood.
This may also keep the catheter hub more free of nutrient rich fluid to further protect the patient
from possible infection of the site. The slit of the elastomeric member, in cooperation with the first
opening and the second opening of the housing, can be configured to receive an elongated medical
device through the housing. The housing may include a support or an inwardly tapered opening
feeding into the second opening is configured to receive and/or guide an elongated medical device
through the housing.
[0063] The above valve provides for a method of creating a pressure differential between the
upper section and the lower section of a housing comprising the valve presently disclosed. This
pressure differential causes either the peripheral wall t o deflect from the housing and permitting
fluid flow around the elastomeric member, or, in the alternative, causes the slit to open permitting
fluid aspiration through the elastomeric member. In this method, fluid flow direction through the
device is controlled. By way of example, the pressure differential between the upper section and
the lower section of the housing is created by a negative pressure applied t o the upper section of the
housing or by a positive pressure applied to the lower section of the housing so that the slit permits
fluid flow therethrough. In other example, the pressure differential between the upper section and
the lower section of the housing is created by a positive pressure applied t o the upper section of the
housing so that the peripheral wall permits fluid flow around the elastomeric member.
[0064] The method further comprises introducing a flushing solution to the upper portion of
the housing via the first opening and causing, by positive pressure, deflection of the peripheral wall
from the housing. This results in the urging the flushing solution around the elastomeric member
and under and in the cavity of the conical frustum-shaped elastomeric member, along with the re
directing of fluid flow in the lower section of the housing. This provides cleaning of at least a portion
of the lower section of the housing. This cleaning prevents thrombus within the device after
aspiration of biological fluid through the device and/or prevents bacterial growth within the device
after aspiration.
[0065] The upper and lower housings of all embodiments herein disclosed may be secured by
ultrasonic welding, solvent bonding, glue, adhesive, and/or other heat or chemical methods known
in the art. In at least one aspect of the present disclosure, the housing or its subassemblies is
designed such that the welding process will capture the elastomeric member between housings
producing the normally-closed seal. Housings components can be configured for snap-fit, gluing,
spin welding, solvent welding and the like.
[0066] Any part of elastomeric member and/or the slit of the elastomeric member may be
lubricated. In one aspect, a silicone lubricant may be used. Different lubricants may be used on
different surfaces of the elastomeric member. One or more silicone fluid may be compounded into
the elastomeric member during molding.
[0067] The housing and/or supports can be injection-molded out of a rigid, biocompatible,
engineering grade resin such as polycarbonate, cyclic olefinic copolymer (COC or transparent
acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (MABS), and the like. Certain configurations of the elastomeric
member may be constructed using a thermoplastic elastomer TPE, which is likewise injection
molded. Liquid injection molding (LIM) can be used for the elastomeric member and/or to create
the valve assembly. Compression molding or rotational compression molding can be used to
manufacture the elastomeric member. Elastomeric materials can be of silicone, polyurethane for
such molding methods.
[0068] Embodiments of the present disclosure now will be described more fully hereinafter
with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments of the present disclosure are
shown. This present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not
be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are
provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the
claims t o those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
[0069] Referring now to the Figures, FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment depicting
device 100. Device 100 comprises a rigid upper housing 101 for providing connection to a male Luer
fitting, and a rigid lower housing 102, which provides for connection to a female Luer fitting. The
device has a smooth exterior for patient comfort. Device 100 has a first opening 101a and a second
opening 102a. While first opening 101a is shown as threaded, it can be configured smooth without
threads. FIG. 2 is top view of device 100 showing sectional planes described further below.
[0070] Figure 3 is an exploded perspective view of device 100 depicting lower housing 102,
having supports 112, elastomeric member 110 having peripheral wall 169 projecting from surface
167 towards lower housing 102. On surface 167 is slit 117. Upper housing 101 is configured to form
fluid tight seal with lower housing 102. Upper housing 101 can be configured with threaded female
Luer fittings 106, as shown. The lower housing can be configured with male luer 107 and
surrounding internal threads 108, as shown.
[0071] Referring now to FIGs. 4A and 4B, cross-sectional views, 90° apart respectively, of first
embodiment device 100 in an assembled configuration are shown.
[0072] FIG. 4A depicts a portion of peripheral wall 169 of elastomeric member 110 having an
interference fit with the interior wall 111 forming a continuous seal with the interior wall 111 of
upper housing 101. Elastomeric member 110 partitions device 100 into an upper section
corresponding to first opening 101a and lower section corresponding to second opening 102a.
Elastomeric member 110 is shown supported by supports 112. Supports 112 form opening 109 and
provide fluid communication between lower housing 102 and through second opening 102a.
Elastomeric member 110 is shown here as a normally-closed valve, as both slit 117 and continuous
seal with interior wall 111 prevent fluid flow between openings 101a and 102a prior to activation of
device 100 via a pressure differential. The interference fit between elastomeric member 110 and
interior wall 111 of the housing can be provided upon securing upper housing 101 and lower housing
102 during manufacturing e.g., upon bonding/welding the housings components together, for
example at weld joint 114. The elastomeric member is supported by supports 112 and the
elastomeric member is sealed against the interior wall 111 of the upper housing. Fluid is able to
flow between the supports into opening 109 and through first opening 101a. Lower housing 102
includes base 102e surrounding projection 102c which projects from base 102e as part of second
opening 102a. Surface (or base) 102e extends radially outward t o tapered wall 102d. A portion of
the outer diameter of tapered wall 102d is configured for sealable arrangement via weld joint 114
with an interior diameter of upper housing 101.
[0073] FIG. 4B depicts an aspect of the first embodiment whereby fluid channel 115c is
provided in interior wall 111 of upper housing 101. As shown, fluid channel 115c extends generally
parallel to the longitudinal axis of device 100 towards lower housing 102. The distal terminus of the
length of fluid channel 115c (e.g., distal end 115d) is configured t o be such that at least a portion of
peripheral wall 169 (e.g., as shown, distal end 169a) remains continuously in interference with
interior wall 111. In one embodiment, device 100 can be configured without fluid channel 115c
(width equal 0).
[0074] In one aspect, two or more fluid channels 115c are provided in interior wall 111 of upper
housing 101. In such an aspect, two fluid channels 115c can be arranged in a parallel configuration
with both their corresponding longitudinal axes substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of
device 100. In one embodiment, elastomeric member has slit 117 formed of a single slit, and the
two fluid channels 115c are arranged to be orthogonal with the longitudinal axis of the single slit
117. In this configuration, during infusion of fluid, and upon deflection of peripheral wall 169, radial
forces are applied to surface 167 t o facilitate maintaining closure of slit 117.
[0075] FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of upper housing 101 depicting fluid channel 115c, as
shown, in fluid communication with first opening 101a and having a length generally parallel with
the longitudinal axis of upper housing 101. The width of fluid channel 115c can be chosen to be
approximately any width equal to a number greater than zero and less than of one half the
maximum internal perimeter length of upper housing 101. In one aspect, fluid channel 115c width is
chosen to be less than the minimum internal diameter of first opening 101a so as to facilitate a
focused pressure or force (and/or accelerated fluid velocity) on peripheral wall 169 during infusion
and/or flushing of device 100. FIG. 6 shows a perspective view of lower housing 102 depicting a
plurality of supports 112 arranged about projection 102c of second opening 102a. Supports 112 are
arranged radially around projection 102c with spacing therebetween so as t o allow fluid
communication between the upper housing 101 first opening 101a and lower housing 102 second
opening 102a during infusion. Supports 112 can have distal projections 112c configured to contact
lower surface of elastomeric member 110 and to minimize shifting of the elastomeric member 110
within the housing during assembly or use and/or to apply a preload and/or t o account for the stack
up of the upper and lower housing components.
[0076] FIGs. 7A and 7B are cross-sectional views of device 100 shown in a first state (e.g.,
infusion) and a second state (e.g., aspiration), respectively. Arrows Al and A2 depict fluid flow
direction within device 100.
[0077] With reference to FIG. 7A, in a first state, a pressure differential between the partitioned
housing is created upon infusion of fluid through first opening 101a that causes deflection of
peripheral wall 169 from interior wall 111 of upper housing 101 creating fluid passage 115 and
allowing fluid communication between the upper portion and lower portion of device 100 around
elastomeric member 110, while maintaining closure of slit 117, so as to provide directional fluid flow
from first opening 101a through second opening 102a. Structures of lower housing 102, e.g.,
tapered wall 102d and projection 102c, can provide turbulence and/or fluid flow direction so as to
enable effective flushing of elastomeric member portions that have been contacted with bodily
fluids (e.g., the interior surface of peripheral wall 169). Peripheral wall 169, which in various aspects,
provides an oval, cup-like, or conical frustum-shaped (or frustoconical), is configured to deflect
and/or flex inward towards the central longitudinal axis of device 100 upon creating a differential in
pressure, (for example through the introduction of infusion fluid the opening 101a) with a relatively
low infusion cracking pressure threshold. A relatively low infusion cracking pressure threshold is
that of approximately 6 to about 36 inches H 0 (0.2 psig t o about 1.3 psig; where the term "about"
encompasses ± 20% of the stated value). Such pressures are obtained, for example, when an IV bag
is raised above the height of an insertion point in a patient. Unlike existing valves that flow
"through" an elastomer seal/valve in both an infusion state and an aspiration state, the presently
disclosed valve is configured to flow "around" the valve in an infusion state and through the valve in
an aspiration state. The advantage of this present configuration is that leaking and "reflux" after
aspiration is all but eliminated and the desirable ability t o easily infuse fluid via gravity is provided as
described with reference to the exemplary embodiment of FIGs. 7A and 7B.
[0078] With reference to FIG. 7B, in a second state, a pressure differential created upon
aspiration of fluid through the second opening 102a causes slit 117 to open whereas distal end 169a
of peripheral wall 169 is maintained in continuous sealable interference contact with interior wall
111 of upper housing 101. In one aspect, the slit is configured such that an aspiration pressure
threshold is required to allow fluid t o pass through the slit from second opening 102a through first
opening 101a. In one aspect, the aspiration pressure threshold is considerably higher than that of
the infusion cracking pressure threshold. In one aspect the difference between the aspiration
pressure threshold and that of the infusion aspiration threshold is such that the aspiration threshold
cracking pressure is approximately 5 psig greater than that of the infusion threshold cracking
pressure. This difference in threshold cracking pressure can range between about 3 psig and about 7
psig, (where "about" encompasses ± 20% of the value). Configuring the difference in threshold
cracking pressures can be accomplished by varying the elastic modulus, thickness and/or thickness
variation, taper, cross-linking/cure, and material selection and dimensions of elastomeric member
110 as well as the design and arrangement of slit 117, discussed further below. Additional
parameters that can be adjusted with regard to cracking pressure thresholds include the number,
width, and length of flow channel 115c and/or internal geometries of upper and lower housing
components.
[0079] With reference to FIGs. 8A, 8B, 8C, and 8D, variations of the elastomeric member are
shown. FIG. 8A and 8B, depict elastomeric member 110 having a single slit 117 and multi-slit 117a
configuration. Other slit configurations can be used.
[0080] FIGs. 8C and 8D depict modified elastomeric members 110a and 110b, respectively,
having additional features on the exemplary conical frustum-shaped member 110a, 110b, namely
projections 1100 on surface of conical frustum-shaped member 110a, or one or more channels 1150
in the surface of conical frustum-shaped member 110b.
[0081] FIG. 8D further depicts an embodiment of the elastomeric member where in the conical
frustum-shaped member 110b includes a stem 1175 with a conduit (not shown) there through
surrounded by peripheral wall 169c, the conduit configured to surround second opening 102a or
securely surround projection 102c of lower housing 101. Stem 1175 can be configured as a conduit
for fluid communication with opening 102a and slit 117. In this configuration, stem 1175 necessarily
comprises one or more vertically arranged (with housing longitudinal axis) openings/slits there
through (not shown) for fluid passage/flushing during infusion, the opening/slits can be configured
to respond to a compressive infusion pressure/force and at least partially open allowing fluid t o
enter opening 102a, whereas, during aspiration, the openings/slits, not subject to the compressive
stress, would remain closed to facilitate substantially all fluid flow thru opening 102a, stem 1175, slit
117, upper section of housing and opening 101a. In this modification of the elastomeric member
embodiment described above, all other functional attributes, as described above for elastomeric
member 110, would be maintained.
[0082] With reference to FIG. 9, a second embodiment of the presently disclosed valve is
shown, depicting a perspective view of device 200, having upper housing 201 with first opening 201a
and lower housing 202.
[0083] FIG. 10 depicts a top view of device 200 with sectional planes 12A-12A and 12B-12B.
[0084] FIGs. 11A and 11B depict an exploded view an exploded sectional view, respectively of
device 200. Lower housing 202 of device 200 includes annular wall 212. In this exemplary
embodiment, annular wall 212 provides support t o elastomeric member 210, which is surrounded by
peripheral wall 269. Annular wall 212 can be integral with lower housing 201 as shown, or can be
molded separately and arranged in housing during assembly. Elastomeric member 210 has lateral
annular protrusion 218 from edge of surface 267 configured to be received by recess 218a within
interior wall 211 of upper housing 201. In addition, elastomeric member 210 includes vertical
annular projection 2110 from surface 267 for providing interference upon assembly of upper and
lower housing components 201, 202. Surface 267 of elastomeric member 210 includes slit 217,
which passes through the thickness of surface 267. Differing from the previous embodiment, lower
housing 202 of device 200 includes tapered opening 202c feeding into second opening 202a.
Tapered opening 202c provides guidance for insertion of medical devices such as guide wires, etc.
into smaller diameter second opening 201a and prevents kinking and/or bending of such devices.
[0085] Referring now to FIGs. 12A and 12B, cross-sectional views, 90° apart, respectively, of
second embodiment device 200 in an assembled configuration are shown. FIG. 12A depicts a
portion of peripheral wall 269 of elastomeric member 210 having an interference fit with the interior
wall 211 forming a continuous seal with the interior wall 211 of upper housing 201. Elastomeric
member 210 partitions device 200 into an upper section corresponding to first opening 201a and
lower section corresponding to second opening 202a. Elastomeric member 210 is shown supported
by annular projection 212 that includes flow passages 209 that provide fluid communication
between lower housing 202 and through second opening 202a. Elastomeric member 210 is shown
here as a normally-closed valve, as both slit 217 and continuous seal with interior wall 211 prevent
fluid flow between openings 201a and 202a prior to activation of device 200 via a pressure
differential. The interference fit between elastomeric member 210 and interior housing wall 211
can be provided upon securing upper housing 201 and lower housing 202 during manufacturing e.g.,
upon bonding/welding the housings components together, for example at weld joint 214. The
peripheral wall 269 of elastomeric member 210 forms a fluid-type seal with interior wall 211. Fluid
is able to flow through annular support 212 at openings 209 and second opening 202a. Lower
housing 202 includes surface or base 202e surrounding annular support 212 which projects from
base 202e as part of second opening 202a. Surface or base 202e extends radially outward to
tapered wall 202d. A portion of the outer diameter of tapered wall 202d is configured for sealable
arrangement via weld joint 214 with an interior diameter of upper housing 201. FIG. 12B depicts an
aspect of the second embodiment whereby interior diameter of annular support 212 tapers inwardly
to that of internal diameter of second opening 202a which also serves as guiding means for medical
devices that may be inserted through the device.
[0086] In a manner similar to that of the first embodiment, device 200 comprises optional fluid
channel 215c that extends generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of device 200 towards lower
housing 202. In one embodiment, any of the devices herein disclosed can be configured without
fluid channel 215c.
[0087] FIG. 13A shows a side view of lower housing 202 depicting annular support 212 and
passage 209. FIG. 13B is a perspective view of lower housing 202 showing annular support 212 and
tapered opening 202f feeding into second opening 202a. Annular support 212 can have distal
projections 212c configured to contact lower surface of elastomeric member 210 and to minimize
shifting of the elastomeric member 210 within the housing during assembly or use.
[0088] Device 200 functions similarly as that of the first embodiment, as depicted in FIGs. 14A
and 14B, which show cross-sectional views of device 200 shown in a first state (e.g., infusion) and a
second state (e.g., aspiration), respectively. Arrows Bl and B2 depict fluid flow direction within
device 200. With reference t o FIG. 14A, in a first state, a pressure differential is created between the
partitioned housing of device 200 upon infusion of fluid through first opening 201a that causes
deflection of peripheral wall 269 from interior wall 211 of upper housing 201 creating fluid passage
215 and allowing fluid communication between the upper portion and lower portion of device 200
around elastomeric member 210, while maintaining closure of slit 217, so as to provide directional
fluid flow from first opening 201a through second opening 202a. Structures of lower housing 202,
e.g., tapered wall 202d can provide turbulence and/or fluid flow direction so as t o enable effective
flushing of elastomeric member portions that have been contacted with bodily fluids (e.g., the
interior surface of peripheral wall 269). Peripheral wall 269 is configured to deflect and/or flex
inward towards the central longitudinal axis of device 200 upon creating a differential in pressure,
(for example through the introduction of infusion fluid the opening 201a) with a relatively low
infusion cracking pressure threshold as previously described for the first embodiment.
[0089] With reference to FIG. 14B, in a second state, a pressure differential in the partitioned
housing is created upon aspiration of fluid through the second opening 202a that causes slit 217 to
open whereas distal edge 269a of peripheral wall 269 is maintained in continuous sealable
interference contact with interior wall 211 of upper housing 201. In one aspect, the slit is configured
such that an aspiration pressure threshold is required to allow fluid to pass through the slit from
second opening 202a through first opening 201a.
[0090] FIG. 15A and 15B depict a third embodiment device 300 shown configured with upper
housing 201 and elastomeric member 210 from the second embodiment device 200, whereas
annular support 312 having opening 309 is configured so as not to contact the lower surface of
elastomeric member 210. Support of elastomeric member 210 is provided solely by lateral annular
protrusion 218 and interference with recess 218a as discussed above. FIG. 15C depicts device 333,
which has a modification to the lower housing component of device 300, where annular support 312
is completely absent, and surface or base 302e of lower housing 302' has opening 302c to feed into
second opening 302a.
[0091] FIG. 16A and 16B are a perspective view and cross-sectional view along sectional plane
16B-16B of a fourth embodiment device 400 showing implementation of the pressure activated
valve with a male luer lock housing assembly. Tubing 401a is bonded to tube housing 401, which is
joined to male luer housing 402. Male luer lock hub 402c is snap fit to lower housing 402. The
function and operation of device 400 is that as similarly described for the previously described
embodiments.
[0092] FIGs. 17A and 17B are a perspective view and cross-sectional view along sectional plane
17B-17B, respectively, of a fifth embodiment, device 500 assembled with upper housing 201. Device
500 demonstrates how pressure activated valve can be integrated directly into a vascular catheter
hub 502. Catheter 502a can be a peripheral IV catheter, a PICC, a CVC, or the like.
[0093] FIGs. 18A and 18B are a perspective view and cross-sectional view along sectional plane
18B-18B, respectively, of a fifth embodiment, device 600 assembled with upper housing 201 and
further coupled with male Luer device 650. Device 600 demonstrates how slit 217 of elastomeric
member 210 can accommodate medical device 675 inserted through catheter 602a, guided by
tapered internal conduit 602e.
[0094] FIGs. 19A and 19B are a perspective view and cross-sectional view along sectional plane
19B-19B, respectively, of a sixth embodiment, device 700. Device 700 demonstrates the pressure
activated valve of the present disclosure integrated directly with luer-activated valve 701. The
pressure activated valve assembly is joined to the luer activated valve assembly at 727. Luer
activated valve 701 is assembled into female luer housing 703 and is sealed within it at 728. Device
700 comprising Luer activated valve as shown is an example of one valve, however the pressure
activated valve assembly can be integrated with any number of luer activated valves t o provide for
the benefits as disclosed herein.
[0095] It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to
describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are
only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a
second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing
from the scope of the present disclosure. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all
combinations of one or more of the associated' listed items.
[0096] Relative terms such as "below" or "above" or "upper" or "lower" or "horizontal" or
"vertical" may be used herein t o describe a relationship of one element, layer or region to another
element, layer or region as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that these terms are
intended to encompass different orientations of the device in addition to the orientation depicted in
the figures.
[0097] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments
only and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms
"a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly
indicates otherwise.
[0098] It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" "comprising," "includes" and/or
"including" when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations,
elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof Unless
otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same
meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this present disclosure
belongs. It will be further understood that terms used herein should be interpreted as having a
meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of this specification and the relevant art
and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
[0099] Unless otherwise expressly stated, comparative, quantitative terms such as "less" and
"greater", are intended to encompass the concept of equality. As an example, "less" can mean not
only "less" in the strictest mathematical sense, but also, "less than or equal to."
[00100] The term "fluid" as used herein refers to a liquid, gas, or combination thereof.
CLAIMS
We claim:
1. A valve comprising:
a housing having an first opening and a second opening; and
an elastomeric member positioned in the housing, the elastomeric member comprising a
continuous peripheral wall projecting from a surface; and a slit extending through the surface, a
continuous portion of the peripheral wall creating a continuous sealable contact with the housing
and partitioning the housing into an upper section and a lower section, the elastomeric member
configured such that upon creating a pressure differential between the upper section and the lower
section of the housing causes either:
(i) the peripheral wall to deflect from the housing permitting fluid flow around the
elastomeric member; or
(ii) the slit to open permitting fluid flow through the elastomeric member.
2. The valve of claim 1, further comprising a support positioned in the housing and surrounded
by the peripheral wall, the support configured to provide fluid communication between the first
opening and the second opening.
3. The valve of claim 2, wherein the support member is received by or integral with the
housing.
4. The valve of any one of claims 2-3, wherein the support member comprises a plurality of
spaced apart columns arranged about the second opening, the distal ends of the plurality of columns
surrounded by the peripheral wall.
5. The valve of any one of claims 2-3, wherein the support member comprises an annular wall
arranged around the second opening, the annular wall having at least one fluid flow passage
providing fluid communication between the lower section and the second opening.
6. The valve of claim 2, wherein the second opening comprises a conduit that extends into the
housing and is surrounded the peripheral wall.
7. The valve of claim 6, wherein a portion of the conduit extending into the housing is of a
larger internal diameter than the conduit extending external to the housing.
8. The valve of any one of claims 1-7, wherein a portion of housing is tapered and a distal
portion of the peripheral wall tapers in sealable contact therewith.
9. The valve of any one of claims 1-8, wherein the upper portion of the housing comprises an
interior wall, the interior wall comprising at least one recessed channel therein and extending
substantially along the longitudinal axis of the housing, wherein deflection of the peripheral wall
from the housing substantially corresponds to the placement of the at least one recessed channel.
10. The valve of claim 1, wherein the housing comprises two or more components sealably
connectable to form a fluid tight assembly.
11. The valve of claim 1, wherein the surface comprises a top surface and a bottom surface
separated from the top surface by a first thickness; and the peripheral wall has a second thickness,
and the peripheral wall projects from the bottom surface.
12. The valve of claim 11, wherein the second thickness is less than the first thickness.
13. The valve of any one of claims 1, or 11-12, wherein the elastomeric member further
comprises a continuous lateral protrusion along the peripheral edge of the surface, and the housing
is configured with a corresponding recess to receive the continuous lateral protrusion and to provide
a radial stress to the surface of the elastomeric member.
14. The valve of claim 11, wherein the elastomeric member further comprises one or more
vertical protrusions on the top surface, the housing being configured to provide a normal stress t o
the one or more vertical protrusions.
15. The valve of claim 1, wherein the thickness is concave, convex, or concave and convex on
opposing sides of the thickness.
16. The valve of claim 11, wherein the top surface of the elastomeric member has one or more
fluid channels terminating at the peripheral edge.
17. The valve of claim 1, wherein the elastomeric member is annular, oval, cylindrical,
hemispherical, or cup-shaped.
18. The valve of claim 1, wherein the elastomeric member is conical frustum-shaped.
19. The valve of claim 1, wherein the slit opens at a threshold pressure greater than a threshold
pressure required to deflect the peripheral wall from the housing.
20. The valve of any one of the previous claims, wherein the slit, in combination with the first
opening and the second opening, is configured to receive an elongated medical device through the
housing.
21. The valve of claim 2, wherein the support is configured to receive and/or guide an elongated
medical device through the housing.
22. The valve of claim 2, wherein the support in combination with the slit is configured to
receive and/or guide an elongated medical device through the housing.
23. A method of controlling flow direction through a device, the method comprising:
creating, in a device comprising the valve as defined in any of claims 1-22, a pressure
differential between the upper section and the lower section of the housing;
causing the peripheral wall to deflect from the housing and permitting fluid flow around the
elastomeric member; or, in the alternative;
causing the slit to open permitting fluid aspiration through the elastomeric member;
wherein fluid flow direction through the device is controlled.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the pressure differential between the upper section and
the lower section of the housing is created by a negative pressure applied to the upper section of the
housing or by a positive pressure applied to the lower section of the housing so that the slit permits
fluid flow therethrough.
25. The method of claim 23, wherein the pressure differential between the upper section and
the lower section of the housing is created by a positive pressure applied to the upper section of the
housing so that the peripheral wall permits fluid flow around the elastomeric member.
26. The method of any one of claim 23-25, further comprising:
introducing a flushing solution to the upper portion of the housing via the first opening;
causing, by positive pressure, deflection of the peripheral wall from the housing;
urging the flushing solution around the elastomeric member;
re-directing fluid flow in the lower section of the housing; and
cleaning at least a portion of the lower section of the housing.
27. The method of claim 26, wherein the cleaning further comprises preventing thrombus within
the device after aspiration of biological fluid through the device.
28. The method of claim 26, wherein the cleaning further comprises preventing bacterial growth
within the device after aspiration.
29. The method of any one of claims 23-25, further comprising preventing reflux within the
device.