Technical Field
The present invention relates to a power transmission belt such as a V-belt or a Vribbed
belt, and in detail, relates to a power transmission belt excellent in durability
performance and transmission efficiency.
Background Art
Conventionally, in order to improve lateral pressure resistance of a power
transmission belt such as a V-belt or a V-ribbed belt, short fibers are added as a reinforcing
material to a compression rubber layer. For example, PTL 1 discloses a rubber V-belt in
which in a belt provided with an adhesive elastic body layer having a tension member
embedded therein and retention elastic body layers (compression rubber layers) located on
upper and lower sides of the adhesive elastic body layer, the retention elastic body layer
contains chloroprene rubber, a reinforcing filler, a metal oxide vulcanizing agent,
bismaleimide, and aramid short fibers, and the aramid short fibers are arranged in a width
direction of the belt. In this patent literature, elastic modulus in a grain direction (an
orientation direction of the short fibers) is increased by the arrangement of the aramid short
fibers, thereby maintaining lateral pressure resistance, and durability is improved.
PTL 2 discloses a power transmission V-belt in which rubber hardness of at least
one of a tension rubber layer and a compression rubber layer is set to a range of from 90 to
96°, rubber hardness of an adhesion rubber layer is set to a range of from 83 to 89°, and
aramid short fibers are arranged in a belt width direction in the tension rubber layer and the
compression rubber layer. This patent literature prevents the occurrence of cracks and
separation (peeling) of a tension member from each rubber layer in early stage, and
improves lateral pressure resistance, thereby improving high load transmission capability.
In recent years, a power transmission belt is required to improve fuel consumption
saving properties in order to improve fuel economy performance by reducing transmission
loss of a belt, other than the above-described lateral pressure resistance and durability.
For example, PTL 2 describes in paragraph [0005] that when rubber hardness of the belt is
increased, bending rigidity is increased, and as a result, transmission loss occur in a small
2
pulley diameter. For this reason, an attempt is made to suppress transmission loss by
providing cogs on an inner circumferential side or both an inner circumferential side and
an outer circumferential side (back face side) of a V-belt to decrease bending rigidity of a
belt. A cogged V-belt is generally known as the belt of this kind.
For the improvement of lateral pressure resistance and durability, it is effective
means to increase amounts of a reinforcing material such as high modulus short fibers such
as aramid fibers or carbon black, thereby increasing rubber hardness, as described in the
above-described patent literatures. However, the increase of rubber hardness leads to the
increase of bending rigidity of a belt, resulting in the decrease of bending fatigue
performance and the increase of transmission loss of the belt in a small pulley diameter,
and this leads to the decrease of fuel consumption saving properties. On the other hand,
when rubber hardness is decreased in order to improve bending fatigue performance and
fuel consumption saving properties, lateral pressure is decreased and a belt is likely to
early reach the end of the life thereof. That is, a series of characteristics of lateral
pressure resistance and durability is in a trade-off relationship with a series of
characteristics of bending fatigue performance and fuel consumption saving properties.
Bending fatigue performance and fuel consumption saving properties can be improved by
providing cogs on an inner circumferential side or both an inner circumferential side and
an outer circumferential side of a V-belt. However, because rubber hardness is increased
for the purpose of maintaining lateral pressure resistance and durability, it is the current
situation that fuel consumption saving properties are not yet sufficient. For this reason, a
preferred rubber composition (particularly, a rubber composition of a compression rubber
layer) is desired.
There is a variable speed belt used in a continuously variable transmission, as the
V-belt of this kind. In order to change a transmission gear ratio (a speed ratio between a
drive pulley and a driven pulley) in the variable speed belt, the belt moves up and down (or
back and forth) in a pulley radius direction on the pulley. If this movement is not
smoothly conducted, shear force from the pulley strongly acts, and as a result, peeling
occurs between rubber layers (an adhesion rubber layer and a compression rubber layer) or
between an adhesion rubber layer and a tension member, and fuel consumption saving
properties (not fuel consumption saving properties due to bending rigidity, but fuel
consumption saving properties based on the decrease of sliding properties) are decreased.
To respond to this, an attempt is made to reduce a friction coefficient and improve sliding
properties by adding large amounts of a reinforcing material such as short fibers or carbon
black to increase rubber hardness, or projecting short fibers from a frictional power
transmission surface. However, coexistence of durability performance (lateral pressure
3
resistance and durability) and transmission efficiency (fuel consumption saving properties),
which are in trade-off relationship with each other, is not sufficiently established.
PTL 3 discloses a frictional power transmission belt in which a belt body is
wound so as to contact with pulleys to transmit power, in which at least a pulley contact
portion of the belt body is formed of a rubber composition containing an ethylene-a-olefin
elastomer and a powdery or granular polyolefm resin contained therein. This patent
literature has an object to improve low sound-generating properties and abrasion resistance
by blending a powdery or granular polyolefm resin to short fibers that cannot be blended in
a large amount due to uniformity of a composition and material costs. In the examples of
this patent literature, a rubber composition containing 75 parts by mass of carbon black and
25 parts by mass of nylon short fibers blended to 100 parts by mass of chloroprene rubber
is prepared. However, this composition is described as a comparative example in which
sound pressure is high and abrasion loss is large.
However, this patent literature does not describe fuel consumption saving
properties, and additionally, even though this belt is applied to a variable speed belt
requiring fuel consumption saving properties, fuel consumption saving properties were low
and durability was also low.
Citation List
Patent Literature
PTL1: JP-B-H05-63656
PTL 2: JP-A-H10-238596
PTL 3: JP-A-2004-324794
Summary of Invention
Technical Problem
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a power transmission
belt that can improve lateral pressure resistance and durability while maintaining fuel
consumption saving properties.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a power transmission belt in
which even though the proportion of a reinforcing material such as short fibers is small, the
change of transmission efficiency after traveling is small and durability under high
temperature environment can be improved.
4
Solution to Problem
As a result of intensive investigations to achieve the above objects, the present
inventors have found that when a compression rubber layer of a power transmission belt is
formed of a vulcanized rubber composition containing chloroprene rubber, a polyolefin
resin and short fibers, lateral pressure resistance and durability can be improved while
maintaining fuel consumption saving properties, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the power transmission belt of the present invention contains: a tension
member extending in a belt lengthwise direction; an adhesion rubber layer in contact with
at least a part of the tension member; a compression rubber layer formed on one surface of
the adhesion rubber layer; and a tension rubber layer formed on other surface of the
adhesion rubber layer, in which the compression rubber layer is formed of a vulcanized
rubber composition containing a rubber component, a polyolefin resin and a reinforcing
material, the rubber component contains a chloroprene rubber, and the reinforcing material
contains a short fiber.
The reinforcing material may have a proportion of 80 parts by mass or less per
100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The polyolefin resin may have a proportion
of from 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The
polyolefin resin may have a proportion of from 15 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by
mass of the reinforcing material. The short fiber may have a proportion of from 15 to 25
parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. The reinforcing material
may contain an aramid short fiber and a carbon black. The polyolefin resin may have an
average molecular weight of from 200,000 to 6,000,000 in a method measured according
to ASTM D4020. A raw material of the polyolefin resin may have an average particle
diameter of from 25 to 200 urn. The polyolefin resin in the compression rubber layer
may have a long slender shape having an aspect ratio of from 1.6 to 10, a major axis
direction may be oriented in substantially parallel to a belt width direction, and a minor
axis direction may be oriented in substantially parallel to the belt lengthwise direction.
The polyolefin resin may be exposed on a surface of the compression rubber layer. The
polyolefin may have an occupation area of from 0.2 to 30% on a surface of the
compression rubber layer. The power transmission belt of the present invention may be a
belt used in a continuously variable transmission.
Advantages Effect of Invention
5
In the present invention, because a compression rubber layer of a power
transmission belt is formed of a vulcanized rubber composition containing chloroprene
rubber, a polyolefin resin and a short fiber, lateral pressure resistance and durability can be
improved while maintaining fuel consumption saving properties. Furthermore, even
though the proportion of a reinforcing material such as short fibers is small, the change of
transmission efficiency after traveling is small, and durability under high temperature
environment can be improved.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[FIG. 1] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating one example of a power
transmission belt.
[FIG. 2] FIG 2 is a schematic view for explaining a measurement method of transmission
efficiency.
[FIG. 3] FIG. 3 is a schematic view for explaining a measurement method of bending stress
in Examples.
[FIG. 4] FIG. 4 is a schematic view for explaining a measurement method of friction
coefficient in Examples.
[FIG. 5] FIG. 5 is a schematic view for explaining a high load traveling test in Examples.
[FIG. 6] FIG. 6 is a schematic view for explaining a high speed traveling test in Examples.
[FIG. 7] FIG. 7 is a schematic view for explaining a traveling durability test in Examples.
[FIG. 8] FIG. 8 is a view showing a scanning electron micrograph of a cross-section of a
compression rubber layer of the belt obtained in Example 3.
Description of Embodiments
[Compression rubber layer]
The power transmission belt of the present invention is provided with a tension
member extending in a belt lengthwise direction, an adhesion rubber layer in contact with
at least a part of the tension member, a compression rubber layer formed on one surface of
the adhesion rubber layer, and a tension rubber layer formed on the other surface of the
adhesion rubber layer, and the compression rubber layer is formed of a vulcanized rubber
composition containing a rubber component, a polyolefin resin and a reinforcing material.
(Rubber component)
In the present invention, the rubber component contains chloroprene rubber from
the standpoint that durability can be improved. As the chloroprene rubber, use can be
made of conventional chloroprene rubbers.
6
The chloroprene rubber contains trans-1,4 bond that has a relatively high
stereoregularity as a main unit, and may further contain cis-1,2 bond and a small amount of
1,2 or 3,4 bond. The proportion of the trans-1,4 bond may be 85% or more, and the
proportion of the cis-1,2 bond may be 10% or more.
The glass transition temperature of the chloroprene rubber may be, for example,
from -50 to -20°C, and is preferably from -40 to -20°C.
The chloroprene rubber may be sulfur-modified type and may be non-sulfurmodified
type.
The rubber component may further contain other vulcanizable or crosslinkable
rubber component. Examples of the other vulcanizable or crosslinkable rubber
component include other diene rubbers (e.g., natural rubber, isoprene rubber, butadiene
rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (nitrile rubber),
hydrogenated nitrile rubber, etc.), ethylene-a-olefm elastomer, chlorosulfonated
polyethylene rubber, alkylated chloro sulfonated polyethylene rubber, epichlorohydrin
rubber, acrylic rubber, silicone rubber, urethane rubber, and fluorine rubber. Those rubber
components can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof.
The proportion of the chloroprene rubber in the rubber component may be about
50 mass%> or more (particularly from 80 to 100 mass%), and only the chloroprene rubber
(100 mass%) is particularly preferred.
(Polyolefin resin)
In the present invention, by blending a polyolefin resin to the vulcanized rubber
composition of the compression rubber layer, a friction coefficient of the compression
rubber layer is decreased and abrasion resistance of the belt can be improved. Generally,
in order to improve fuel consumption saving properties, a friction coefficient is decreased
by excessively adding short fibers. However, cracks easily occur in the interface between
rubber component and the short fibers, and there is a possibility that durability is impaired.
On the other hand, when a polyolefin resin is added in place of increasing the amount of
the short fibers, since the polyolefin resin has relatively low density, the friction coefficient
can be decreased even by a small addition and this can contribute to fuel consumption
saving properties. Particularly, when the short fibers are worn away by friction with belt
traveling, the friction coefficient is increased. However, the increase of the friction
coefficient can be suppressed by the presence of a polyolefin resin even though the short
7
fibers are worn away by friction, and fuel consumption saving properties can be
maintained over a long period of time. Furthermore, appropriate hardness necessary for
durability can be achieved by adding an appropriate amount of a polyolefm resin.
Additionally, the volume proportion of short fibers is decreased by using the short fibers in
combination with a polyolefm resin, and the cracks in the interface between rubber and the
short fibers, which are a defect when a large amount of short fibers was added, can be
suppressed. In detail, the polyolefm resin becomes flexible due to the heat generated
during traveling, and even though peeling (fine cracks) occurs in the interface between
rubber and the short fibers, the polyolefm resin dispersed nearby eases stress concentration
(plays a role of cushion) and can suppress the growth of the cracks. Particularly, the
polyolefm resin plays a role of a reinforcing material by a small addition, differing from a
reinforcing material such as short fibers and carbon black. It is presumed that in the
present invention, by the combination of those actions, lateral pressure resistance rigidity
can be increased and durability can be improved while maintaining fuel consumption
saving properties.
The polyolefm resin is relatively inexpensive in material cost as compared with
short fibers that are produced by cutting long fibers and further require an adhesive
treatment for imparting adhesiveness to a rubber. Therefore, it is also excellent in
economic efficiency that the proportion of short fibers can be suppressed.
The polyolefm resin may be a polymer containing a-polyolefm such as ethylene,
propylene, 1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methylpentene, or 4-methylpentene
(particularly, (X-C2-6 polyolefm such as ethylene or propylene) as a main polymerization
component.
Examples of a copolymerizable monomer other than the a-polyolefin include
(meth)acrylic monomers [e.g., C\.(, alkyl (meth)acrylate such as methyl (meth)acrylate or
ethyl (meth)acrylate], unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g., maleic anhydride), vinyl esters
(e.g., vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate), and dienes (such as butadiene or isoprene, etc.).
Those monomers can be used alone or in combination of two more kinds thereof.
Examples of the polyolefm resin include polyethylene resins, and polypropylene
resins (such as polypropylene, propylene-ethylene copolymer, propylene-butene-1
copolymer or propylene-ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, etc.). Those polyolefins can be
used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof.
8
Of those polyolefm resins, polyethylene resins and polypropylene resins are
preferred, and polyethylene resins are preferred from a standpoint that the effect of
reducing a friction coefficient is large.
The polyethylene resin may be a polyethylene homopolymer (homopolymer), and
may be a polyethylene copolymer (copolymer). Examples of a copolymerizable
monomer contained in the copolymer include olefins (e.g., (X-C3.8 olefin such as propylene,
1-butene, 2-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methylpentene, 4-methylpentene, or 1-octene),
(meth)acrylic monomers (e.g., Ci_6 alkyl (meth)acrylate such as methyl (meth)acrylate or
ethyl (meth)acrylate), unsaturated carboxylic acids (e.g., maleic anhydride), vinyl esters
(e.g., vinyl acetate or vinyl propionate), and dienes (such as butadiene, isoprene, etc.).
Those copolymerizable monomers can be used alone or in combination of two or more
kinds thereof. Of those copolymerizable monomers, a-C3.8 olefins such as propylene, 1-
butene, 1-hexene, 4-methylpentene, and 1-octene are preferred. The proportion of the
copolymerizable monomer is preferably 30 mol% or less (e.g., from 0.01 to 30 mol%),
more preferably 20 mol% or less (e.g., from 0.1 to 20 mol%), and still more preferably 10
mol% or less (e.g., from 1 to 10 mol%). The copolymer may be a random copolymer, a
block copolymer or the like.
Examples of the polyethylene resin include low, medium or high density
polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene,
ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-butene-1 copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene-1
copolymer, and ethylene-(4-methylpentene-l) copolymer. Those polyethylene resins can
be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. Of those polyolefm resins,
ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene is particularly preferred from a standpoint that
durability of a belt can be improved.
The average molecular weight of the polyolefm resin (particularly polyethylene
resin) can be selected from a range of, for example, from 10,000 to 12,000,000 in a method
measured according to ASTM D4020. The lower limit may be, for example, 50,000 or
more or 100,000 or more, and is preferably 200,000 or more, more preferably 500,000 or
more, and particularly preferably 1,000,000 or more. The upper limit of the average
molecular weight may be, for example, 10,000,000 or less or 8,500,000 or less, and is
preferably 8,000,000 or less, more preferably 7,500,000 or less, still more preferably
7,000,000 or less, and particularly preferably 6,000,000 or less. Where the molecular
weight is too small, mechanical properties and heat resistance are decreased and
additionally, a friction coefficient becomes too large, thereby abrasion loss is increased and
there is concern that durability is decreased. On the other hand, where it is too large,
9
bending properties of a belt are decreased, thereby durability is decreased, and additionally,
a friction coefficient becomes too small, and a belt is easy to slip.
It is preferred that the polyolefin resin is substantially uniformly dispersed in a
vulcanized rubber composition in a prescribed size. The shape of the polyolefin resin in
the vulcanized rubber composition is a spherical shape or a long slender shape (rod shape
or fiber shape). The average diameter of a major axis thereof may be, for example, from
5 to 500 urn (e.g., from 10 to 500 urn), and is preferably from 20 to 500 urn (e.g., from 30
to 500 um), and more preferably from 100 to 300 um (particularly from 150 to 250 um).
The average diameter of a minor axis may be, for example, from 30 to 500 (am (e.g., from
30 to 400 um), and is preferably from 30 to 350 (am (e.g., from 30 to 300 um), and more
preferably from 50 to 200 (am (particularly from 70 to 150 (am). The aspect ratio (average
diameter of major axis/average diameter of minor axis) may be, for example, from 1 to 16
(e.g., from 1.4 to 14), and is preferably from 1.6 to 12 (e.g., from 1.6 to 10), and more
preferably from 1.7 to 5 (e.g., from 1.8 to 3). In the present invention, in the case where
the polyolefin resin is strongly embedded and dispersed in a rubber in the state of being
deformed into a long slender shape (e.g., a shape like a potato shape) by utilizing an anchor
effect in the compression rubber layer, the polyolefin resin is further suppressed from
falling out of the surface of the compression rubber layer, and fuel consumption saving
properties can be maintained over a loner period of time, which is preferred.
The polyolefin resin having such the long slender shape is obtained by such a
manner that a granular polyolefin polymer having a substantially isotropic shape (e.g.,
substantially spherical shape, polyhedral shape or indefinite shape) receives shear force in
the state of being softened by the heat generated in the rubber composition in the course of
being kneaded in the rubber composition and deforms into a long slender shape. The
average particle diameter (primary particle diameter) of a raw material before deformation
may be, for example, from 10 to 300 (am, and is preferably from 20 to 250 (am, and more
preferably from 25 to 200 (am (particularly, from 50 to 150 (am). Where the particle
diameter is too small, economic efficiency is decreased; and where it is too large, uniform
dispersion in the composition becomes difficult, and durability is decreased by the decrease
of abrasion resistance.
It is preferred that the polyolefin resin having a long slender shape is embedded
such that a major axis orients in substantially parallel to a width direction of the belt and a
minor axis orients in substantially parallel to a lengthwise direction (circumferential
direction) of the belt. Because the belt requires flexibility in the lengthwise direction, the
decrease of flexibility of the belt can be suppressed by orienting a major axis direction of
10
the poly olefin resin that decreases flexibility of the belt to a belt width direction.
Furthermore, because the minor axis side (edge of a major axis direction) of the polyolefin
resin is exposed on the surface of the compression rubber layer (frictional power
transmission surface) by orienting the minor axis direction to a lengthwise direction of the
belt, the polyolefin resin is strongly embedded in the layer and the polyolefin resin is
difficult to fall out even though the frictional power transmission surface slides with
pulleys. A general method for making a major axis direction of the polyolefin rein orient
to a belt width direction is, for example, a method of rolling by rolls.
In the present invention, an average diameter of a major axis and a minor axis,
and an average particle diameter can be measured by a measurement soft ("analySIS"
manufactured by Soft Imaging System) from an image observed with a scanning electron
microscope.
The melting point (or softening point) of the polyolefin resin may be, for example,
from 10 to 300°C, and is preferably from 20 to 275°C, and more preferably from about 30
to 250°C. Where the melting point is too high, it becomes difficult to deform into a long
slender shape in a kneading process; and where it is too low, durability may be decreased.
In order to decrease a friction coefficient and to improve fuel consumption saving
properties, it is preferred that the polyolefin resin is exposed on the surface of the
compression rubber layer (frictional power transmission surface). The area occupied by
the polyolefin resin on the frictional power transmission surface may be, for example, from
0.1 to 40% (e.g., from 0.2 to 30%), and is preferably from 0.5 to 25% (e.g., from 1 to
20%), and more preferably from about 3 to 15% (particularly from 5 to 10%). Where the
area occupied by the polyolefin resin is too small, the effect of reducing a friction
coefficient is small; and where it is too large, a friction coefficient is excessively decreased,
and slip becomes easy to occur. In the present invention, the proportion of area occupied
by the polyolefin resin is obtained by observing the surface of a frictional power
transmission surface by a scanning electron microscope to confirm a phase separation
structure of the rubber and the polyolefin resin, and with respect to the phase formed of the
polyolefin resin, calculating the area occupied by the phase formed of the polyolefin resin
by a measurement soft ("analySIS" manufacture by Soft Imaging System).
The phase structure of the polyolefin resin on the frictional power transmission
surface is not particularly limited so long as it is adhered in the above area proportion. It
may be either of a sea-island phase separation structure in which an island phase is formed
of a polyolefin resin and short fibers, and a sea-island phase separation structure in which
11
the island phase is formed of a rubber component and short fibers. Those phase
separation structures can be controlled by adjusting mainly the proportion of the polyolefin
resin, but the sea-island phase separation structure in which the polyolefin resin is an island
phase is preferred from a standpoint that it is possible to adjust to an appropriate friction
coefficient.
The proportion of the polyolefin resin can be selected from a range of from about
0.1 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component from a standpoint
that both mechanical characteristics such as lateral pressure resistance and fuel
consumption saving properties can be achieved. The lower limit may be, for example, 1
part by mass or more, and is preferably 3 parts by mass or more, more preferably 5 parts by
mass or more, and particularly preferably about 10 parts by mass or more. The upper
limit of the proportion of the polyolefin resin may be, for example, 45 parts by mass or
less, and is preferably 40 parts by mass or less, more preferably 35 parts by mass or less,
and particularly preferably about 30 parts by mass or less, per 100 parts by mass of the
rubber component.
Furthermore, the proportion of the polyolefin resin can be selected from a range of
from about 1 to 100 parts by mass, and may be, for example, from 5 to 90 parts by mass,
and is preferably from 10 to 80 parts by mass, and more preferably from about 15 to 50
parts by mass (particularly, from 20 to 40 parts by mass), per 100 parts by mass of the
following reinforcing material.
Where the proportion of the polyolefin resin is too small, projection of the
polyolefin resin on the rubber layer is decreased, and the effect of reducing a friction
coefficient is decreased.
On the other hand, where the proportion of the polyolefin resin is too large, a
friction coefficient is excessively decreased and as a result, a belt slips, and bending fatigue
resistance of the compression rubber layer is decreased (because the compression rubber
layer becomes hard and bending stress is increased). As a result, loss by bending is
increased in the state that a winding diameter of a belt is small, and fuel consumption
saving properties are decreased. Furthermore, dispersibility of the polyolefin resin is
decreased to cause poor dispersion, and there is a possibility that cracks are generated in
the compression rubber layer in an early state from the portions as the starting point.
(Reinforcing material)
12
The reinforcing material contains at least short fibers. Examples of the short
fibers include synthetic fibers such as polyolefin fibers (such as polyethylene fiber and
polypropylene fiber, etc.), polyamide fibers (such as polyamide 6 fiber, polyamide 66 fiber
and polyamide 46 fiber, etc.), polyalkylene arylate fibers (such as C2-4 alkylene C6-14
arylate fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber and polyethylene naphthalate
(PEN) fiber, etc.), vinylon fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, and polyparaphenylene
benzobisoxazole (PBO) fibers; natural fibers such as cotton, hemp and wool; and inorganic
fibers such as carbon fibers. Those short fibers can be used alone or in combination of
two or more kinds thereof. Of those short fibers, synthetic fibers and natural fibers,
particularly synthetic fibers (such as polyamide fibers and polyalkylene arylate fibers) are
preferred, and above all, short fibers containing at least aramid fibers are preferred from a
standpoint that a friction coefficient can be reduced while maintaining flexibility and
lateral pressure resistance.
Examples of the aramid short fibers include polyparaphenylene terephthalamide
fiber (e.g., "TWARON" (registered trademark)" manufactured by Teijin Limited, and
"KEVLAR (registered trademark)" manufactured by Du Pont-Toray Co., Ltd.), a
copolymer fiber of polyparaphenylene terephthalamide and 3,4'-oxydiphenylene
terephthalamide (e.g., "TECHNORA (registered trademark)" manufactured by Teijin
Limited), and polymetaphenylene isophthalamide fiber that is meta-type (e.g., "CONEX
(registered trademark)" manufactured by Teijin Limited) and "NOMEX (registered
trademark)" manufactured by Du-Pont). Those aramid short fibers can be used alone or
in combination of two kinds or more thereof.
In order to suppress compression deformation of a belt against pressing force from
pulleys, the short fibers are embedded in the compression rubber layer by being made to
orient in a belt width direction. A general method for making the short fibers orient to a
belt width direction is, for example, a method of rolling by rolls. By projecting the short
fibers from the surface of the compression rubber layer, a friction coefficient of the surface
is decreased, thereby suppressing noises (sound generation), and abrasion due to rubbing
with pulleys can be reduced. The average length of the short fibers may be, for example,
from 1 to 20 mm, and is preferably from 2 to 15 mm, and more preferably from 3 to 10
mm, and it may be from about 1 to 5 mm (e.g., from 2 to 4 mm). Where the average
length of the short fibers is too short, mechanical characteristics (e.g., modulus) in a grain
direction cannot be sufficiently increased; and where it is too long, poor dispersion of the
short fibers in the rubber composition occurs, thereby generating cracks in the rubber, and
there is a possibility that a belt is damaged in an early stage. The average fiber diameter
13
may be, for example, from 5 to 50 f^m, and is preferably from 7 to 40 f^m, and more
preferably from about 10 to 35 \xm.
The proportion of the short fibers may be, for example, from 10 to 40 parts by
mass, and is preferably from 12 to 35 parts by mass, and more preferably from about 13 to
30 parts by mass (particularly, from 15 to 25 parts by mass), per 100 parts by mass of the
rubber component. Where the proportion of the short fibers is too small, mechanical
characteristics of the compression rubber layer are insufficient; and where it is too large,
bending fatigue resistance of the compression rubber layer is decreased (the compression
rubber layer becomes hard, and bending stress is increased). As a result, loss by bending
is increased in the state that a winding diameter of a belt is small, and fuel consumption
saving properties are decreased. Furthermore, where the proportion of short fibers is too
large, dispersibility of the short fibers in the rubber composition is decreased to cause poor
dispersion, and there is a possibility that cracks are generated in the compression rubber
layer in an early stage from the portions as the starting point. In the present invention,
because the proportion of the short fibers can be suppressed to the above range (in
particular, from 15 to 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component) due
to the blending of the polyolefin resin, both mechanical characteristics and fuel
consumption saving properties of a belt can be achieved.
To improve adhesiveness to a rubber component, the short fibers can be treated by
various adhesive treatments, for example, a treatment liquid containing an initial
condensate of phenols and formalin (such as a prepolymer of novolac or resol type phenol
resin), a treatment liquid containing a rubber component (or a latex), a treatment liquid
containing the initial condensate and rubber component (latex), or a treatment liquid
containing a reactive compound (adhesive compound) such as a silane coupling agent, an
epoxy compound (an epoxy resin, etc.) or an isocyanate compound. In the preferred
adhesive treatment, the short fibers may be subjected to an adhesive treatment using the
treatment liquid containing the initial condensate and rubber component (latex),
particularly at least a resorcin-formalin-latex (RFL) liquid. The adhesive treatment can
be generally conducted by dipping the fibers in the RFL liquid, followed by heating and
drying, thereby uniformly forming an adhesive layer on the surface thereof. Examples of
the latex of the RFL liquid include chloroprene rubber, a styrene-butadiene-vinyl pyridine
terpolymer, hydrogenated nitrile rubber (H-NBR) and nitrile rubber (NBR). Those
treatment liquids may be used by combining those. For example, the short fibers may be
subjected to an adhesive treatment such as a pre-treatment (pre-dipping) with a reactive
compound (adhesive compound) such as an epoxy compound (such as an epoxy resin) and
14
an isocyanate compound or a rubber paste treatment (overcoating) after an RFL treatment,
and then further treated with an RFL liquid.
The reinforcing material may contain the conventional reinforcing material, for
example, a carbon material such as carbon black, silicon oxide such as hydrated silica,
clay, calcium carbonate, talc, and mica, in addition to the short fibers. Of those
reinforcing materials, carbon black is widely used.
The proportion of the reinforcing material (the total amount of reinforcing
material containing short fibers) may be 90 parts by mass or less, and is, for example, 80
parts by mass or less (e.g., from 10 to 80 parts by mass), preferably from 20 to 70 parts by
mass, and more preferably from about 30 to 60 parts by mass (particularly from 40 to 55
parts by mass), per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. Where the proportion of
the reinforcing material is too small, there is a possibility that mechanical characteristics of
the compression rubber layer are decreased. On the other hand, where the proportion of
the reinforcing material is too large, the volume proportion of the polyolefm resin is
decreased. As a result, it is difficult to project the polyolefm resin on the surface of the
compression rubber layer in a prescribed area, and there is a possibility that a friction
coefficient of a belt cannot be reduced.
(Additives such as vulcanizing agent)
As necessary, the rubber composition may contain a vulcanizing agent or a
crosslinking agent (or a crosslinking agent type), a co-crosslinking agent, a vulcanization
assistant, a vulcanization accelerator, a vulcanization retarder, a metal oxide (e.g., zinc
oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, titanium
oxide or aluminum oxide), a softener (e.g., oils such as paraffin oil and naphthenic oil), a
processing agent or a processing aid (such as stearic acid, stearic acid metal salt, wax or
paraffin), an age resister (such as an antioxidant, a thermal age resister, an antiflexcracking
agent or an antiozonant, etc.), a colorant, a tackifier, a plasticizer, a coupling
agent (such as a silane coupling agent, etc.), a stabilizer (such as an ultraviolet absorber or
a thermal stabilizer, etc.), a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, and the like. The metal
oxide may act as a crosslinking agent.
As the vulcanizing agent or crosslinking agent, the conventional components can
be used depending on the kind of the rubber component, and examples thereof include the
above metal oxide (such as magnesium oxide and zinc oxide, etc.), an organic peroxide
(such as diacyl peroxide, peroxyester and dialkyl peroxide, etc.), and a sulfur type
vulcanizing agent. Examples of the sulfur type vulcanizing agent include powdered
15
sulfur, precipitated sulfur, colloidal sulfur, insoluble sulfur, highly dispersible sulfur, and
sulfur chloride (such as sulfur monochloride or sulfur dichloride, etc.). Those
crosslinking agents or vulcanizing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or
more kinds thereof. When the rubber component is chloroprene rubber, a metal oxide
(such as magnesium oxide and zinc oxide, etc.) may be used as the vulcanizing agent or
crosslinking agent. The metal oxide may be used by combining with other vulcanizing
agent (such as sulfur type vulcanizing agent, etc.), and the metal oxide and/or the sulfur
type vulcanizing agent may be used alone or by combining with a vulcanization
accelerator.
The amount of the vulcanizing agent used can be selected from a range of from
about 1 to 20 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, depending on
the kind of the vulcanizing agent and the rubber component. For example, the amount of
the organic peroxide used as the vulcanizing agent may be from 1 to 8 parts by mass, and
can be selected from a range of preferably from 1.5 to 5 parts by mass, and more
preferably from about 2 to 4.5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the rubber
component. The amount of the metal oxide used may be from 1 to 20 parts by mass, and
can be selected from a range of preferably from 3 to 17 parts by mass, and more preferably
from about 5 to 15 parts by mass (e.g., from 7 to 13 parts by mass) per 100 parts by mass
of the rubber component.
Examples of the co-crosslinking agent (a crosslinking aid or a co-vulcanizing
agent (co-agent)) include the conventional crosslinking aids, for example, poly functional
(iso)cyanurate (e.g., triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) or triallyl cyanurate (TAC), etc.),
polydiene (e.g., 1,2-polybutadiene, etc.), a metal salt of unsaturated carboxylic acid (e.g.,
zinc (meth)acrylate or magnesium (meth)acrylate, etc.), oximes (e.g., quinone dioxime,
etc.), guanidines (e.g., diphenyl guanidine, etc.), polyfunctional (meth) aery late (e.g.,
ethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, butanediol di(meth)acrylate or trimethylolpropane
tri(meth)acrylate, etc.), bismaleimides (aliphatic bismaleimide such as N,N'-l,2-ethylene
bismaleimide or l,6'-bismaleimide-(2,2,4-trimethyl)cyclohexane; and arene bismaleimide
or aromatic bismaleimide, such as N,N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide, 4-methyl-l,3-
phenylene bismaleimide, 4,4'-diphenylmethane bismaleimide, 2,2-bis[4-(4-
maleimidophenoxy)phenyl]propane, 4,4'-diphenylether bismaleimide, 4,4'-
diphenylsulfone bismaleimide, or l,3-bis(3-maleimidophenoxy)benzene). Those
crosslinking aids can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. Of
those crosslinking aids, bismaleimides (arene bismaleimide or aromatic bismaleimide such
as N,N'-m-phenylene dimaleimide) are preferred. The degree of crosslinking is increased
by the addition of bismaleimides, and adhesive wear can be prevented.
16
The proportion of the co-crosslinking agent (crosslinking aid) can be selected
from a range of, for example, from about 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, and may be, for
example, from 0.1 to 5 parts by mass (e.g., from 0.3 to 4 parts by mass), and preferably
from about 0.5 to 3 parts by mass (e.g., from 0.5 to 2 parts by mass) per 100 parts by mass
of the rubber component in terms of solid contents.
Examples of the vulcanization accelerator include thiuram accelerators (e.g.,
tetramethylthiuram-monosulfide (TMTM) tetramethylthiuram-disulfide (TMTD),
tetraethylthiuram-disulfide (TETD), tetrabutylthiuram-disulfide (TBTD),
dipentamethylenethiuram tetrasulfide (DPTT) or N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-
diphenylthiuram-disulfide), thiazole accelerators (e.g., 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc salt
of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, 2- mercaptothiazoline, dibenzothiazyl-disulfide, or 2-(4'-
morphorinodithio)benzothiazole), sulfenamide accelerators (e.g., N-cyclohexyl-2-
benzothiazylsulfenamide (CBS), or N,N'-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide),
bismaleimide accelerators (e.g., N,N'-m-phenylenebismaleimide or N,N'-1,2-
ethylenebismaleimide), guanidines (such as diphenylguanidine or di-o-tolylguanidine),
urea or thiourea accelerators (e.g., ethylene thiourea), dithiocarbamates and xanthogenates.
Those vulcanization accelerators can be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds
thereof. Of those vulcanization accelerators, TMTD, DPTT, CBS and the like are widely
used.
The proportion of the vulcanization accelerator may be, for example, from 0.1 to
15 parts by mass, and may be preferably from 0.3 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably
from about 0.5 to 5 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component in terms
of solid contents.
The amount of the softener (oils such as naphthenic oil) used may be, for
example, from 1 to 30 parts by mass, and may be preferably from about 3 to 20 parts by
mass (e.g., from 5 to 10 parts by mass) per 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the
rubber component. The amount of the age resister used may be, for example, from 0.5 to
15 parts by mass, and may be preferably from 1 to 10 parts by mass, and more preferably
from about 2.5 to 7.5 parts by mass (e.g., from 3 to 7 parts by mass) per 100 parts by mass
of the total amount of the rubber component.
[Structure of belt]
The structure of the power transmission belt is not particularly limited, and the
belt only has to have the compression rubber layer capable of contacting pulleys. The
17
power transmission belt is provided with a tension member extending in a lengthwise
direction of the belt, an adhesion rubber layer in contact with at least a part of the tension
member, a compression rubber layer formed on one surface of the adhesive layer, and a
tension rubber layer formed on other surface of the adhesion rubber layer.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating one example of a power
transmission belt. In this example, a tension member 2 is embedded in an adhesion
rubber layer 1, a compression rubber layer 3 is laminated on one surface of the adhesion
rubber layer 1, and a tension rubber layer 4 is laminated on the other surface of the
adhesion rubber layer 1. The tension member 2 is integrally embedded in the form of
being sandwiched between a pair of adhesion rubber sheets. Furthermore, a reinforcing
cloth 5 is laminated on the compression rubber layer 3, and cog portions 6 are formed by a
mold with cogs. A laminate of the compression rubber layer 3 and the reinforcing cloth 5
is integrally formed by vulcanizing a laminate of a reinforcing cloth and a compression
rubber layer sheet (an unvulcanized rubber sheet).
An example of a cogged V-belt is illustrated in the above example, but the
structure is not limited to the above structure, and can be applied to various belts having
the compression rubber layer (e.g., a raw edged belt or a V-ribbed belt).
[Tension rubber layer]
The tension rubber layer may be formed of a vulcanized rubber composition
containing the rubber component as exemplified in the compression rubber layer, and may
contain a reinforcing material and a polyolefin resin, similar to the compression rubber
layer. Furthermore, the tension rubber layer may be a layer formed of the same
vulcanized rubber composition as the compression rubber layer.
[Adhesion rubber layer]
Similar to the vulcanized rubber composition of the compression rubber layer, the
vulcanized rubber composition for forming the adhesion rubber layer may contain a rubber
component (such as chloroprene rubber, etc), a vulcanizing agent or a crosslinking agent
(e.g., a metal oxide such as magnesium oxide or zinc oxide, or a sulfur type vulcanizing
agent such as sulfur, etc), a co-crosslinking agent or a crosslinking aid (e.g., a maleimide
crosslinking agent such as N,N'-m-phenylene dimaleimide, etc), a vulcanization
accelerator (such as TMTD, DPTT and CBS, etc), an enhancer (such as carbon black and
silica, etc), a softener (oils such as naphthenic oil, etc), a processing agent or a processing
aid (such as stearic acid, stearic acid metal salt, wax, and paraffin, etc), an age resister, an
adhesiveness improving agent (such as a resorcin-formaldehyde co-condensate and an
18
amino resin (a condensate of a nitrogen-containing cyclic compound and formaldehyde, for
example, a melamine resin such as hexamethylolmelamine or hexaalkoxymethylmelamine
(such as hexamethoxymethylmelamine and hexabutoxymethylmelamine, etc), a urea resin
such as methylolurea, and a benzoguanamine resin such as methylolbenzoguanamine resin,
etc), those co-condensates (such as resorcin-melamine-formaldehyde co-condensate, etc),
etc), a filler (such as clay, calcium carbonate, talc, and mica, etc), a colorant, a tackifier, a
plasticizer, a coupling agent (such as a silane coupling agent, etc), a stabilizer (such as an
ultraviolet absorber or a thermal stabilizer, etc), a flame retardant, an antistatic agent, and
the like. In the adhesiveness improving agent, the resorcin-formaldehyde co-condensate
and amino resin may be an initial condensate (prepolymer) of resorcin and/or a nitrogencontaining
cyclic compound such as melamine, and formaldehyde.
In this rubber composition, a rubber of the same series (such as diene rubber) or
same kind (such as chloroprene rubber) as the rubber component of the vulcanized rubber
composition of the compression rubber layer is often used as the rubber component.
Furthermore, the amounts of the vulcanizing agent or crosslinking agent, the cocrosslinking
agent or crosslinking aid, the vulcanization accelerator, the enhancer, the
softener, and the age resister used can be selected from the same ranges as in the rubber
composition of the compression rubber layer, respectively. Furthermore, in the
vulcanized rubber composition of the adhesion rubber layer, the amount of the processing
agent or processing aid (such as stearic acid) used may be, for example, from 0.1 to 10
parts by mass, and may be preferably from 0.5 to 5 parts by mass, and more preferably
from about 1 to 3 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
Furthermore, the amount of the adhesiveness improving agent (such as resorcinformaldehyde
co-condensate and hexamethoxymethylmelamine) may be, for example,
from 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, and may be preferably from 1 to 10 parts by mass, and more
preferably from about 2 to 8 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
[tension member]
The tension member is arranged extending in a lengthwise direction of a belt, and
is generally arranged in side-by-side at prescribed pitches parallel to the lengthwise
direction of the belt. It is sufficient for the tension member if only at least a part thereof
is in contact with the adhesion rubber layer, and it may be any of the embodiment that the
tension member is embedded in the adhesion rubber layer, the embodiment that the tension
member is embedded between the adhesion rubber layer and the tension rubber layer, and
the embodiment that the tension member is embedded between the adhesion rubber layer
and the compression rubber layer. Of those embodiments, the embodiment that the
19
tension member is embedded in the adhesion rubber layer is preferred from a standpoint
that durability can be improved.
Examples of the fiber constituting the tension member can include the same fibers
as the short fibers. Of the fibers, synthetic fibers such as polyester fibers (polyalkylene
arylate fibers) containing C2-4 alkylene arylate such as ethylene terephthalate and ethylene-
2,6-naphthalate as a main constituent unit, and aramide fibers, inorganic fibers such as
carbon fibers, and the like are widely used from the standpoint of high modulus, and
polyester fibers (polyethylene terephthalate fibers and ethylene naphthalate fibers) and
polyamide fibers are preferred. The fiber may be a multifilament yarn. The fineness of
the multifilament yarn may be, for example, from about 2,000 to 10,000 denier
(particularly from 4,000 to 8,000 denier). The multifilament yarn may contain, for
example, from 100 to 5,000 of, preferably from 500 to 4,000 of, and more preferably from
about 1,000 to 3,000 of monofilament yarns.
Twisted cord (e.g., a piled cord, a piece twist cord or Lang twist cord) using a
multifilament yarn can be generally used as the tension member. The average wire
diameter of the tension member (fiber diameter of a twisted cord) may be, for example,
from 0.5 to 3 mm, and may be preferably from 0.6 to 2 mm, and more preferably from
about 0.7 to 1.5 mm.
In order to improve adhesiveness to a rubber component, the cord may be
subjected to an adhesive treatment (or a surface treatment) in the same method as in the
short fibers. It is preferred that the cord is subjected an adhesive treatment with at least
an RFL liquid, similar to the short fibers.
[Power transmission efficiency]
When the power transmission belt provided with the compression rubber layer is
used, power transmission efficiency can be greatly improved. The power transmission
efficiency is an index that a belt transmits rotary torque from drive pulleys to driven
pulleys, and means that the higher power transmission efficiency is, the smaller
transmission loss of the belt is, and thereby fuel consumption saving properties are
excellent. In a biaxial layout in which a belt 11 is hung over two pulleys of a drive pulley
(Dr.) 12 and a driven pulley (Dn.) 13 as illustrated in FIG. 2, the power transmission
efficiency can be obtained as follows.
When the number of revolutions of the drive pulley is pi and a pulley radius is ri,
rotary torque Ti of the drive pulley can be represented by pixTexn. Te is an effective
20
tension obtained by subtracting loose side tension (tension at a side that a belt moves
toward a driven pulley) from tight side tension (tension at a side that a belt moves toward
the drive pulley). Similarly, when the number of revolutions of the driven pulley is p2
and a pulley radius is r2, rotary torque T2 of the driven pulley can be represented by
P2xTexr2. The power transmission efficiency T2/T1 is calculated by dividing the rotary
torque T2 of the driven pulley by the rotary torque Ti of the drive pulley, and it can be
represented by the following formula.
T2/Ti=(p2xTexr2)/( pixTexn)= (p2xr2)/( pixn)
Practically, the power transmission efficiency does not become the value of not
less than 1, but transmission loss of a belt is small as the value approaches 1, showing
excellent fuel consumption saving properties.
A method for producing a belt is not particularly limited, and the conventional
methods can be used. For example, the belt illustrated in FIG. 1 can be formed by
forming a laminate of unvulcanized rubber layers having the above embodiment having
tension member embedded therein by a mold, vulcanizing the laminate to mold into a belt
sleeve and then cutting the vulcanized belt sleeve into a prescribed size.
Examples
The present invention is described below in more detail based on examples, but it
should be understood that the present invention is not limited by those examples. In the
following examples, raw materials used in the examples are shown below.
[Raw material]
(Aramid short fiber)
Used was a short fiber having an adhesion ratio of solid contents of 6 mass%
obtained by subjecting an aramid short fiber (average fiber length: 3 mm, "CONEX Short
Fiber" manufactured by Teijin Technoproducts) to an adhesive treatment with an RFL
liquid (containing resorcin, formaldehyde, and vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene rubber
latex as a latex). The used RFL liquid contained resorcin: 2.6 parts by mass, 37%
formalin: 1.4 parts by mass, vinylpyridine-styrene-butadiene copolymer latex
(manufactured by Zeon Corporation): 17.2 parts by mass, and water: 78.8 parts by mass.
(Polyolefm)
Polyolefms used are shown in Table 1 below.
21
(Other additives)
Ether ester oil: "RS700" manufactured by ADEKA
Carbon black: "SEAST 3" manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.
Age resister: "NONFLEX OD3" manufactured by Seiko Chemical Co., Ltd.
Silica : "NIPSIL VN-3" manufactured by Tosoh Silica Corporation
Vulcanization accelerator: Tetramethylthiuram-disulfide (TMTD)
(Tension member)
A fiber obtained through an adhesive treatment of cords having a total denier of
6,000 obtained by piling PET fibers of 1,000 denier under a twisting structure of 2x3 in a
final twist coefficient of 3.0 and a first twist coefficient of 3.0.
Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2
(Formation of rubber layer)
Each of rubber compositions in Table 2 (compression rubber layer and tension
rubber layer) and Table 3 (adhesion rubber layer) was kneaded by using the conventional
method such as Banbury mixer, and the respective kneaded rubbers were passed through
calender rolls to prepare rolled rubber sheets (compression rubber layer sheet, tension
rubber layer sheet and adhesion rubber layer sheet).
22
(Production of belt)
A laminate of a reinforcing cloth and the compression rubber layer sheet
(unvulcanized rubber) was arranged in a mold with flat cogs, in which tooth portions and
groove portions are alternatively provided, in the state of the reinforcing cloth facing
down, and press-pressurized at 75 °C to prepare a cog pad having cog portions embossed
(which is not completely vulcanized and is in a semi-vulcanized state). Next, both ends
of the cogged pad were vertically cut from the top of a cog mountain portion.
A cylindrical mold was covered with an inner mother mold having tooth portions
and groove portions alternately provided, the cog pad was wound by engaging with the
tooth portions and groove portions to joint at the top of the cog mountain portion, a first
adhesion rubber layer sheet (unvulcanized rubber) was laminated on the cog pad wound,
the tension member was spun spirally, and a second adhesion rubber layer sheet (the same
as the first adhesion rubber layer sheet) and a tension rubber layer sheet (unvulcanized
rubber) were sequentially wound thereon to prepare a molded article. Thereafter, the
mold was covered with a jacket and arranged in a vulcanization can, and vulcanization was
conducted at a temperature of 160°C for 20 minutes to obtain a belt sleeve. This sleeve
was cut into a V-shape by using a cutter to prepare a belt having the structure illustrated in
FIG. 1, that is, a raw edge cogged V-belt (size: upper width: 22.0 mm, thickness: 11.0 mm
and outer length: 800 mm) that is a variable speed belt having cogs at an inner
circumferential side of the belt.
(Measurement of properties of vulcanized rubber)
24
(1) Hardness
The compression rubber layer sheet was press-vulcanized at a temperature of
160°C for 20 minutes to prepare a vulcanized rubber sheet (length: 100 mm, width: 100
mm and width: 2 mm). According to JTS K6253 (2012), a laminate obtained by piling
three vulcanized rubber sheets was used as a sample, and hardness was measured by using
Durometer Type A hardness tester.
(2) Abrasion amount
A cylindrical sample having a diameter of 16.2±0.2 mm and a thickness of from 6
to 8 mm was prepared by cutting out by using a hollow drill having an inner diameter of
16.2±0.05 mm from a vulcanized rubber sheet (50 mm x 50 mm x 8 mm thickness)
prepared by press-vulcanizing the compression rubber layer sheet at a temperature of
160°C for 20 minutes. Abrasion amount of the vulcanized rubber was measured by using
a rotary cylindrical drum apparatus (DIN abrasion tester) having a polishing cloth wound
thereon, according to JIS K6264 (2005).
(3) Compressive stress
The compression rubber layer sheet was press-vulcanized at a temperature of
160°C for 20 minutes to prepare a vulcanized rubber molded article (length: 25 mm, width:
25 mm and thickness: 12.5 mm). Short fibers were made to orient in a vertical direction
(thickness direction) to a compression surface. The vulcanized rubber molded article was
sandwiched up and down with two metal compression plates (where an initial position was
defined as the position of the upper compression plate in the sandwich state that the
vulcanized molded article is not pressed with the compression plates), the upper
compression plate was pressed on the vulcanized rubber molded article at a rate of 10
mm/min (pressing surface 25 mm x 25 mm) to distort the vulcanized rubber molded article
20%, this state was maintained for 1 second, and the compression plate was returned upper
to the initial position (preliminary compression). After repeating the preliminary
compression 3 times, from a stress-strain curve measured in fourth compression test
(conditions were the same as in the preliminary compression), stress when strain in a
thickness direction of the vulcanized rubber molded article reached 10% was measured as
compression stress. To minimize variation of measurement data, the preliminary
compression was conducted 3 times.
(4) Bending stress
The compression rubber layer sheet was press-vulcanized at a temperature of
160°C for 20 minutes to prepare a vulcanized rubber molded article (length: 60 mm, width:
25 mm and thickness: 6.5 mm). Short fibers were made to orient in a direction parallel to
25
the width of the vulcanized rubber molded article. As illustrated in FIG. 3, the vulcanized
rubber molded article 21 was placed and supported on a pair of rotatable rolls (diameter 6
mm) 22a and 22b at the interval of 20 mm, and a metal pressure member 23 was placed on
a central portion of an upper surface of the vulcanized rubber molded article in a width
direction (orientation direction of short fibers). The tip of the pressure member 23 has a
semi-circular shape having a diameter of 10 mm, and the vulcanized rubber molded article
21 can be smoothly pressed by the tip. Furthermore, during pressing, friction force acts
between the lower surface of the vulcanized rubber molded article 21 and the rolls 22a and
22b with compression deformation of the vulcanized rubber molded article 21, but the
influence by the friction is minimized by the rolls 22a and 23b being rotatable. The state
that the tip of the pressure member 23 comes into contact with the upper surface of the
vulcanized rubber molded article 21 but does not press was defined as "0", and stress when
the pressure member 23 presses downward the upper surface of the vulcanized rubber
molded article 21 at a rate of 100 mm/min from the state and strain of the vulcanized
rubber molded article 21 in a thickness direction reached 10% was measured as bending
stress.
(Shape and area of polyolefin in compression rubber layer of belt)
Regarding the polyolefin in the compression rubber layer of a belt, the belt was
cut along a width direction and observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and
based on the obtained image, an average diameter (long diameter) of a major axis and an
average diameter (short diameter) of a minor axis of polyolefin (polyolefin particles) were
measured by using a measurement soft ("analySIS" manufactured by Soft Imaging
System). Furthermore, regarding frictional power transmission surface (surface of
compression rubber layer) in the circumference of the belt 1, the area occupied by the
polyolefin particles (polyolefin phase) on the frictional power transmission surface was
calculated at arbitrary three portions (area 1.2 mm2 (1.0 mm x 1.2 mm)) by using the
measurement soft based on the image of a scanning electron microscope.
(Measurement of properties of belt)
(1) Friction coefficient measurement
As illustrated in FIG. 4, one end of the belt 31 cut was fixed to a load cell 32, a
load 33 of 3 kgf was placed on other end, and the belt 31 was wound on a pulley 34 with a
winding angle of the belt to the pulley 34 being 45°. The belt 31 at the load cell 32 side
was pulled at a rate of 30 mm/min for about 15 seconds, and an average friction coefficient
of a frictional power transmission surface was measured. During the measurement, the
pulley 34 was fixed so as not to rotate.
26
(2) High load traveling test
In this traveling test, power transmission efficiency of a belt when traveling in the
state that the belt was largely bent (in the state of winding on small pulley) was evaluated.
The high load traveling test was conducted, as illustrated in FIG. 5, by using a
biaxial traveling testing machine containing a drive (Dr.) pulley 42 having a diameter of 50
mm and a driven (Dn.) pulley 43 having a diameter of 125 mm. A raw edge cogged Vbelt
41 was hung over each of the pulleys 42 and 43, a load of 3 N-m was applied to the
driven pulley 43, and the belt 41 was traveled in room temperature atmosphere at the
revolutions rate of the drive pulley 42 of 3,000 rpm. The number of revolutions of the
driven pulley 43 was read by a detector immediately after traveling, and power
transmission efficiency was obtained by the calculation formula described before. In
Table 4, power transmission efficiency of Comparative Example 1 is indicated as " 1 " , and
power transmission efficiency of each example and comparative example is shown by a
relative value. It was judged that when the value is larger than 1, the power transmission
efficiency of the belt 41, that is, fuel consumption saving properties, is high.
(3) High speed traveling test
In this traveling test, the power transmission efficiency of a belt when traveling in
the state that a belt is slid to the outside of a pulley radius direction on a pulley was
evaluated. Particularly, when the revolution rate of a drive pulley is increased, centrifugal
force strongly acts to a belt. Furthermore, belt tension weakly acts at a position of a loose
side of a drive pulley (see FIG. 6), and the belt attempts to fly out outside in a pulley radius
direction at this position by the composite action with the centrifugal force. When the
flying out is not smoothly conducted, that is, friction force strongly acts between the
frictional power transmission surface of the belt and the pulley, transmission loss is
generated by the friction force, leading to the decrease of power transmission efficiency.
The high speed traveling test was conducted, as illustrated in FIG. 6, by using a
biaxial traveling testing machine containing a drive (Dr.) pulley 52 having a diameter of 95
mm and a driven (Dn.) pulley 53 having a diameter of 85 mm. A raw edge cogged V-belt
51 was hung over each of the pulleys 52 and 53, a load of 3 N-m was applied to the driven
pulley 53, and the belt 51 was traveled in room temperature atmosphere at the revolution
rate of the drive pulley 52 of 5,000 rpm. The number of revolutions of the drive pulley 52
was read by a detector immediately after traveling, and power transmission efficiency was
obtained by the calculation formula described before. In Table 4, power transmission
efficiency of Comparative Example 1 is indicated as " 1 " , and power transmission
efficiency of each example and comparative example is shown by a relative value. It was
27
judged that when the value is larger than 1, the power transmission efficiency, that is, fuel
consumption saving properties, is high.
(4) Durability traveling test
The durability traveling test was conducted, as illustrated in FIG. 7, by using a
biaxial traveling testing machine containing a drive (Dr.) pulley 62 having a diameter of 50
mm and a driven (Dn.) pulley 63 having a diameter of 125 mm. A raw edge cogged Vbelt
61 was hung over each of the pulleys 62 and 63, a load of 10 N-m was applied to the
driven pulley 63, and the belt 61 was traveled for at most 60 hours at an ambient
temperature of 80°C at the revolution rate of the drive pulley 62 of 5,000 rpm. It was
judged that when the belt 61 was traveled for 60 hours, there is no problem in durability.
Furthermore, a side surface of the belt (surface in contact with a pulley) after traveling was
observed with a microscope, and the presence or absence of peeling of the tension member
was examined. Regarding the peeled portion, depth of peeling was measured with a
microscope. Furthermore, a side surface of the compression rubber (surface in contact
with a pulley) after traveling was visually observed, and the presence or absence of cracks
was examined. Furthermore, regarding the belt after the high load durability traveling,
friction coefficient and power transmission efficiency were measured.
Properties of a vulcanized rubber and properties of a belt are shown in Table 4.
28
As is apparent from Table 4, comparing the examples with the comparative
examples, it can be seen that by the addition of polyolefm, compressive stress is improved
(increased) and tension member peeling and crack are improved. This can be presumed
that the polyolefm played a role of a reinforcing material, volume fraction of short fibers
was decreased, and as a result, durability was improved. It can be further seen that by
addition of polyolefm, change in a friction coefficient between before durability and after
durability is small, and power transmission efficiency is improved. This can be presumed
that even though the short fibers are worn by friction, reduction of a friction coefficient is
attempted by the polyolefm projecting on the belt surface. Furthermore, comparing
polyethylene with polypropylene, addition of polyethylene showed slightly excellent
durability.
Regarding the examples, as a result of observing the shape of the polyolefm in the
compression rubber layer by SEM, all showed a long slender shape similar to potato shape,
and they were dispersed in the state that a major axis direction was oriented in a width
direction of a belt. SEM photograph (image) of the belt cross-section (cross-section cut
in a belt width direction) obtained in Example 3 is shown in FIG. 8. Of the particles
(dispersed phase) dispersed in the drawing, large particles are polyethylene, and small
particles are aramid short fibers.
Although the present invention has been described in detail and by reference to
the specific embodiments, it is apparent to one skilled in the art that various modifications
or changes can be made without departing the spirit and scope of the present invention.
This application is based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2013-073402 filed
on March 29, 2013 and Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-043510 filed on March 6,
2014, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Industrial Applicability
The power transmission belt of the present invention can be utilized as various
belts in which transmission loss is required, and is preferably a frictional power
transmission belt. Examples of the frictional power transmission belt include a raw edged
belt having a V-shaped cross-section, a raw edge cogged V-belt having cogs provided on an
inner circumferential side or both an inner circumferential side and an outer
circumferential side of a raw edged belt, and a V-ribbed belt. Particularly, it is preferred
to apply to a belt (a variable speed belt) used in a transmission in which speed change ratio
is continuously changed during traveling the belt, for example, a raw edge cogged V-belt
30
and a raw edge double cogged V-belt in motorcycles, ATV (four-wheeled buggy),
snowmobiles and the like.
Description of Reference Numerals and Signs
1: Adhesion rubber layer
2: Tension member
3: Compression rubber layer
4: Tension rubber layer

We Claim:
1. A power transmission belt comprising:
a tension member extending in a belt lengthwise direction;
an adhesion rubber layer in contact with at least a part of the tension member;
a compression rubber layer formed on one surface of the adhesion rubber layer;
and
a tension rubber layer formed on other surface of the adhesion rubber layer,
wherein the compression rubber layer is formed of a vulcanized rubber
composition containing a rubber component, a polyolefin resin and a reinforcing material,
the rubber component contains a chloroprene rubber, and the reinforcing material contains
a short fiber.
2. The power transmission belt according to claim 1, wherein the reinforcing
material has a proportion of 80 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the rubber
component.
3. The power transmission belt according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the polyolefin
resin has a proportion of from 5 to 40 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the rubber
component.
4. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the
polyolefin resin has a proportion of from 15 to 50 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of
the reinforcing material.
5. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the
short fiber has a proportion of from 15 to 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the
rubber component.
6. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the
polyolefin resin has an average molecular weight of from 200,000 to 6,000,000 in a
method measured according to ASTM D4020.
7. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a raw
material of the polyolefin resin has an average particle diameter of from 25 to 200 urn.
8. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the
polyolefin resin in the compression rubber layer has a long slender shape having an aspect
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ratio of from 1.6 to 10, a major axis direction is oriented in substantially parallel to a belt
width direction, and a minor axis direction is oriented in substantially parallel to the belt
lengthwise direction.
9. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the
reinforcing material contains an aramid short fiber and a carbon black.
10. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the
polyolefin resin is exposed on a surface of the compression rubber layer.
11. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the
polyolefin has an occupation area of from 0.2 to 30% on a surface of the compression
rubber layer.
12. The power transmission belt according to any one of claims 1 to 11, used in a
continuously variable transmission.