Transmitter and receiver and corresponding methods

description

The invention relates to a transmitter and a receiver and corresponding methods for transmitting signals or for synchronizing a receiver with a transmitter.

In many data transmission systems (including training sequences or synchronization sequences called) are for signal detection or the Parame-terschätzung pilot sequences inserted into the data to be transmitted streams. This may be the transmission of a continuous data stream both, are sprinkled in at certain intervals pilot sequences as well (also called telegram) to a packet-oriented transmission in which usually each packet exactly one pilot sequence contains. The pilot sequence is also called preamble or midamble if it is at the beginning or in the middle of the package. but a pilot sequence can also two within the package in the form of or be distributed more sub-sequences.

In some radio-based systems with asynchronous packet transmission, the transmission pauses are much longer than the respective packet duration. In some systems, the telegram splitting (see [4] and [1], DE 10201 1082098 A1) employed in which each packet into a number of sub-packets - is divided - called fragments or message fragments. Here, each fragment contains its own pilot sequence in general. The telegram splitting turns out to be particularly robust in interference-limited systems in which a plurality of transmitters emit uncoordinated messages to be received by a single receiver and decoded. This is done for. As in telemetry systems, sensor networks or applications under the heading of Internet of Things (loT).

The demodulation data of a radio-based data transmission system requires a receiver synchronization consisting of:

• Time synchronization: estimate the exact timing of the package as well as the optimal sampling.

• Frequency Synchronization: estimation and correction of the frequency offset between transmit and receive oscillator that is the frequency difference between the carrier frequency of the transmitted signal and the center frequency of the receive filter.

• phase synchronization: estimation of the phase after frequency correction (only required for coherent demodulation).

In asynchronous packet transmission, these three types of synchronization prior to demodulation for each packet are independent of the previously received packets to be performed. To this end, each packet includes a pilot sequence, with the aid of the initial synchronization (so-called. "Initial acquisition") can be performed. In addition, during the data demodulation u. U. a tracking (so-called. "Tracking") of parameters may be required. Below the problem of initial synchronization is considered.

The telegram splitting provides the advantage that systems, especially with a large number of uncoordinated channels robust to packet collisions. However, the synchronization and in particular the frequency synchronization approaches are not of the telegram splitting known in the field that lead to satisfactory results.

The object of the invention is to provide a transmitter and a receiver use the particular message frame splitting and which are improved in terms of synchronization compared to the prior art.

The invention achieves the object by a transmitter.

The transmitter is so designed, at least a signal with a plurality of pilot symbols having pilot sequence or pilot sequence partial emit. In this case, the transmitter comprises a signal generator, which provides the pilot sequence or pilot sequence part.

In one embodiment it is provided that the transmitter is designed such to emit at least a signal with a plurality of pilot symbols having pilot sequence. The signal generator, the pilot sequence prepared such that the pilot sequence comprises at least two symbol groups each having at least two pilot symbols. The symbol groups generate in an evaluation of a result of the emission of the signal by a receiver the received signal with respect to a phase phase error, of a time offset between a reference time of transmission

the signal by the transmitter and for the evaluation for the reference time received and / or estimated value are dependent and which extend substantially compensate for the evaluation together on the symbol groups across each other.

One embodiment is that partly the symbol groups overlap. In this configuration, making us one example, at least one symbol to two symbol groups.

In one embodiment it is provided that at least one symbol group composed of a central and two flanking symbol icons exist. The middle icon is in an embodiment that is in each case evaluated with respect to the phase of the symbol.

One embodiment is that the transmitter is designed such to emit signals each having a least four pilot symbols having pilot sequence.

In one embodiment it is provided that the transmitter emits signals having pilot sequences, which result from an MSK modulation. The MSK modulation is therefore an example of a modulation for generating the pilot symbols of the auszusen-Denden signals. Alternatively, it is a GMSK modulation.

One embodiment consists in that the sender data to be output by at least two telegram fragments emitted by the transmitter as individual signals and the shorter the overall data exhibiting telegram, to output as a single, and in that at least one telegram fragment of the Sig nalgenerator he has witnessed-pilot sequence or a pilot sequence corresponding to part-pilot sequence. In this configuration telegram splitting thus is applied. A property of the telegram splitting is in the prior art that a synchronization with a Teleg ramm fragment usually (z. B. at nied rigem SNR or disturbances in the channel) is not possible.

In one embodiment it is provided that the Signa lgenerator the pilot sequence with a length of at least eight pilot symbols such provides, so that the pilot sequence comprises one of the following forms:

[0, 1 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 , 0],

[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0].

The ones and zeros are each the pilot sequence bits prior to modulation, ie before the mapping, the actual pilot symbols resulting from the. An example of the mapping is a mapping MSK, which will be described hereinafter (see FIG. 11).

One embodiment is that the signal generator provides the pilot sequence such having a length of at least eight pilot symbols, so that a portion of the pilot sequence, the singly or multiply part of the pilot sequence is having one of the following forms:

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

The ones and zeros are each the pilot sequence bits prior to modulation, that make up the actual pilot symbols result. is an example of mapping a MSK mapping, which will be described below (see Figure 11).

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal generator such provides the pilot sequence with a length of at least twelve pilot symbols so that the pilot sequence comprises one of the following forms:

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0 1, 0, 1, 1]

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 1, 0, 1, 1]

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0 1, 1, 1, 1]

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 1, 0, 1, 1]

[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0 1, 1, 1, 1]

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 1, 1, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 1, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1.0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 1.1, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1 0, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1,0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, o, 0, 0, 1,0],

[1. o, o, 0, o, 1, o, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1. o, 1, o, o, o, o, o, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1, o, 1, o, 0, 0, 1, 0, o, o, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, o, 1, 1, o, o, o, 0, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, o, o, o, 1, 0, 1],

[1, o, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],

[1. the 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1. 1, 0, 1, o, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]

[1. 1, o, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, o, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, a, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],

p. 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0];

[1. 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0] or

[1. 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0].

The ones and zeros are each the pilot sequence bits prior to modulation. is an example of mapping a MSK mapping, which will be described below (see Figure 11).

One embodiment is that the signal generator provides the pilot sequence such having a length of at least twelve pilot symbols, so that a portion of the pilot sequence, the singly or multiply part of the pilot sequence is having one of the following forms:

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 1, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1 1, 1, 1],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, o, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, o, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, 0, o, o, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[1. 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1. o, 1, 0, o, 0, 0, o, 1, 1, o, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 0, o, 0, 1, 0, o, o, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 13.

[1. 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1].

[1. 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1].

[1. 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, o, 1],

[1. 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, o, o, 1, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0,, ​​0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1 1, 1, 0, 0]

π, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, o, 1, o, 1, 0, 0] or

[1. 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, o, 1, 1, o, 0].

The ones and zeros are each the pilot sequence bits prior to modulation, that is, before a mapping. is an example of mapping a MSK mapping, which will be described below (see Figure 11).

The transmitter thus uses pilot sequences for improved - for example, we also fragmented in one embodiment - phase estimation in the event of offsets.

the phase between the transmitter (or transmitter frequency) and the Emp catcher (or the reception frequency) is determined. This phase is influenced by the time offset, which relates from a reference timing of the transmission of a signal, and an assumed or for in the evaluation estimated value. Thus, the reference time is for. For example, the time at which a signal or a pilot symbol of a pilot sequence of the signal emitted. Is assumed a false value (reference point) in the evaluation of the pilot sequence or estimated, this has a direct impact on the determination of the phase. Therefore, the transmitter emits signals with pilot sequences de- ren symbols upon the occurrence of a time offset such phase errors - as an error in the determination of the phase - generate that compensate on average over the determined per symbol phase values ​​substantially.

Furthermore, the invention achieves the object by a method for transmitting signals.

The method comprises in this case an embodiment at least the following steps:

The signals are transmitted at a respective plurality of pilot sequence symbols having pilot sequence.

The pilot sequences are provided such that the pilot sequences each have at least two symbol groups each having at least two pilot symbols. Here, the symbol groups in an evaluation generate a result of the emission of the signal by a receiver, which has to be synchronized with the transmitter, the received signal with respect to a phase of a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal and an assumed for the evaluation for the reference time and / or estimated value dependent phase errors away compensate for the evaluation using the symbol groups substantially gegensei tig.

The above embodiments of the transmitter can be realized by steps from the corresponding embodiments of the method, so is omitted here a repetition of executions.

The following embodiments relate to the fact that the transmitter transmits a plurality of signals each having a part-pilot sequence. single phase values ​​for determining the phase between the transmitter and receiver for the signals, determined in each case and the individual phase values ​​are then averaged over the signals of time. Therefore, for example, the phase errors do not compensate within a signal but only on the evaluation on (preferably all) of the received signals. The signals are therefore comprise, for example pilot sequences part in one configuration telegram fragments not a complete pilot sequence, but only complementary to the full pilot sequence. An estimate of several sub-pilot sequences is preferably only be applied away when the individual sub-pilot sequences have been transmitted coherent and could be received more coherently and the receiver.

Therefore, the invention relates according to a complementary or alternative Ausgestal-tung to a transmitter that is configured in such a way at least two signals each having a plurality of pilot symbols emit part having pilot sequence. The signal generator, the part-pilot sequences of the signals such prepared that the sub-pilot sequences each have at least one icon group having at least two pilot symbols, wherein the symbol groups received the signals in an evaluation of a result of the transmission of the signals by a receiver signals with respect to a phase of a time offset between a reference time generating-dependent phase errors of the respective emission of a signal, and an assumed for the evaluation for the reference time and / or estimated value, which in the evaluation together on the signals are substantially compensate each other.

Unlike the previous embodiments, the phase error thus compensate in this embodiment in the evaluation across multiple waveforms.

According to one embodiment, at least a partial pilot sequence on at least two symbol groups, the symbol groups are partially overlapping.

One embodiment provides that at least one symbol group composed of a central and two flanking symbol icons exist.

According to one embodiment, the transmitter sends out signals, which have sub-pilot sequences, which result from an MSK modulation.

One embodiment provides that the signal generator provides the part-pilot sequences in such a way so that the part-pilot sequences, taken together, a portion aufwei-sen, which is mono- or polysubstituted available and having the following forms:

[0, 1 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 , 0],

[1 , 0, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0, 1 ],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1 , 1 , 1 , 0, 1 , 0, 0, 0],

The zeros and ones in each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation. is an example of mapping a MSK mapping, which will be described below (see Figure 11).

According to one embodiment, the signal generator, the part-pilot sequences such ready, so that the part-pilot sequences, taken together, comprise a portion that is singly or multiply present and having the following forms:

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, o, o, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, o, o, 1, 1, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0]

[0, 1, o, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, o, o, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, 0, o, o, 1, 0],

[1. 0, 0, o, o, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, o, 1].

[1. 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1. o, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, o, 0, o, o, 1],

[1 , o, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, o, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1].

[1. 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, o, 0, 0, o, 1].

[1. 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1].

[1. 1, o, 1, 0, o, o, 0, 1, 0, o, 0],

[1. 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0,, ​​0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, o, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, o, 1, o, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0] or

[1. 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0].

The zeros and ones to be generated in each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation, that is, before a mapping to the pilot symbols. An example of the mapping is a mapping MSK, which will be described below (see Fig. 1 1).

The above embodiments thus, the phase relating to speak on an extension of the averaging with respect to a pilot sequence splitting.

If the pilot sequence is divided into several sections, then improved performance is achieved in the frequency estimation, since the difference between the sub-pilot sequences may also be used for frequency estimation, if the coherence between the sub-pilot sequences is given.

Is per signal the same number of symbols of the part-pilot sequences sent, the length of the sub-pilot sequences is reduced in relation to the entire pilot sequence by a factor of the number of split pilot sequences.

In one embodiment, the coherence between the partial pilot sequences is given.

Overall, the part-pilot sequences are defined so that the sum of the phase error by time difference over a plurality of pilot sequences is minimized part-time.

Therefore, the receiver determines the phase not only from a signal, but of several signals.

An embodiment of a method for transmitting signals at least comprising the steps of:

At least two signals each having a having a plurality of pilot sequence symbols

Part-pilot sequence are transmitted.

The sub-pilot sequences are provided such that the part-sequence in each case have at least one pilot symbol group each having at least two pilot symbols.

The symbol groups generate the signals in an evaluation of a result of the

Transmission of the signals by a receiver (10) received signals in terms of a phase phase error, of a time offset between a reference time of each emission of a signal and one for the evaluation for the

depend reference time received and / or estimated value and which

compensate when evaluating jointly the signals are substantially each other.

The above embodiments of the transmitter can be realized by steps from the corresponding embodiments of the method, so is omitted here a repetition of executions.

In addition, the invention solves the object by a receiver.

The receiver is in one embodiment in particular, independent of the configuration of the transmitter and in particular not with respect to a transmitter, the embodiments have been described above. In alternative embodiments of the receiver system is a form depending on the type of signal transmission by the transmitter, so that receiver and transmitter for data or information communication.

The receiver is so configured to receive at least a transmitted signal from a transmitter. The receiver includes a synchronization device. The synchronization device is so designed to make on the basis of the received signal to synchronize the receiver with the transmitter. The EMP-catcher has a signal evaluation device, said signal evaluation data determined from the received signal for synchronization and is passed to the synchronization device for synchronization.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the synchronization device is configured Derar tig to make starting from a pilot sequence or a partial sequence of the received pilot signal, a synchronization of the receiver with the transmitter.

In one embodiment, the signal evaluation determined based on symbols of the pilot sequence and the sub-pilot sequence and based on symbols of a known reference sequence or a portion of a known reference sequence of several (i.e. at least two) values ​​for a phase between a pilot sequence or a part-pilot sequence transmitted by the transmitter of the signal and the result of the transmission of the signal from the receiver the received signal. The signal evaluation device determines from the values ​​for the phase a total value for the phase and outputs the total value to the synchronization device for synchronization.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the signal evaluation averages the values ​​for the phases to determine the total value for the phase.

In one embodiment, the receiver receives a plurality of transmitted signals from the transmitter. The signal evaluation device determined on the basis of each received signal data for synchronization. The synchronization device uses the data obtained from the received signals together for synchronization.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the receiver receives a plurality of transmitted from the transmitter signals, each having a part-pilot sequence. The partial pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation determined data for synchronization based on each part-pilot sequence separately for each part-Pilot sequence.

In one embodiment, the receiver receives a plurality of transmitted from the transmitter signals, each having a part-pilot sequence. The partial pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation brings together the part-pilot sequences and then identified data for the synchronization ba-sed on the merged part-pilot sequences.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the signal evaluation device of a received signal, the pilot sequence is separated in the evaluation of a pilot sequence in at least two pilot sequences and the at least two sub-pilot sequences determined data separately for synchronization for each.

In one embodiment, the signal evaluation device determines a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter and accepted for the evaluation for the reference time and / or estimated value in the evaluation of a pilot sequence of a received signal. The signal evaluation takes for the further evaluation of the pilot sequence toward symbols, adapted to the time offset reference sequence.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the signal evaluation device for the evaluation of a partial sequence of a pilot received signal a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter and

an assumed for the evaluation for the reference time and / or estimated value determined. The signal evaluation device accesses a reference sequence for the further evaluation of the sub-pilot sequence to symbols of a part, adapted to the time offset reference sequence or a custom of the time offset part.

In one embodiment, the signal evaluation device carries out the adjustment of the reference sequence or part of the reference sequence by shifting the signal evaluation, a known reference sequence or part of a known reference sequence in time by the determined time offset.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the signal evaluation device carries out the adjustment of the reference sequence or part of the reference sequence by the signal evaluation device is accessing a data memory in accordance with deposit reference sequences or parts of reference sequences.

In one embodiment, the receiver comprises a filter device and a scanning device.

An embodiment thus relates to a correction of the reference symbols or the reference sequence for the evaluation of the received signals.

The adjustment of the reference sequence is for example advantageous for the case that an oversampling of the received signals is very small. In addition, the skew can be much more accurately estimated, for example, by interpolation than for a correction. B. is possible by exposure through the filter.

Therefore, the reference symbols of the received signal associated for each reference sequence are shifted by the determined value of the time shift. The corrected or adapted to the time offset reference symbols are then used to contemptuous-wetting of the phase error used. Thus, the time offset of the symbols in the estimate can be suppressed almost completely. The adjusted reference sequences are therefore calculated dependent on the determined or estimated time offset, for example, or a data storage, such. B. taken from a look-up table.

Furthermore, the invention achieves the object by a method for synchronizing a receiver with a transmitter. The synchronization method is excluded in a staltung a part of a method for receiving signals transmitted from a transmitter and received by a receiver. The method basically comprises receiving at least one signal from the transmitter, the evaluation of the signal to obtain synchronization data and the synchronization of the receiver using the synchronization data.

The method comprises in this case an embodiment at least the following steps:

• At least one emitted by the transmitter signal is received by the receiver.

• Starting from a pilot sequence or a partial sequence of the received pilot signal, a synchronization of the receiver is done with the transmitter.

One embodiment provides that, based multiple values ​​for a phase between a pilot sequence or a part-pilot sequence transmitted on symbols of the pilot sequence and the sub-pilot sequence of the transmitted signal and a signal due to the transmission of the signal received by the receiver of the transmitter signal and of the signal are determined by the receiver the received signal in consequence of the transmission, and that is determined on the basis of the values ​​for the phase, a total value for the phase and used for synchronization.

In one embodiment it is provided that a plurality of transmitted signals are received that are determined by each received signal data for synchronization and that the data obtained are used together for synchronization.

One embodiment provides that a time offset between a reference timing of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter and an assumed for the reference time and / or estimated value is determined, and that a pilot sequence of the received signal with symbols matched one at the time offset reference sequence is evaluated.

In one embodiment it is provided that a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter and one for the reference time received and / or estimated value is determined, and that a part-pilot sequence of the received signal with symbols of a part a is evaluated to the time offset adjusted reference sequence or with symbols of a matched to the time offset portion of a reference sequence.

The above embodiments of the receiver can be realized by the method, steps from entspre-sponding embodiments, be dispensed with so that here a repetition of the versions.

The following embodiments of a receiver related to the DFT method to determine the data for the synchronization of the receiver with the transmitter. The following embodiments complementary at least in part, the foregoing embodiments or represent independent alternatives.

An embodiment of the receiver provides that the receiver is designed in such a way to receive multiple transmitted from the transmitter message fragments, the message fragments each having a part-pilot sequence, wherein the message fragments are complementary to a telegram of includes the transmitter transmitted data, and wherein the message fragments are shorter than a single data exhibiting the transmitted telegram. In addition, the sub-pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation device determines on the basis of the partial sequences and pilot using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter and a reception frequency of the receiver. This determination is made by the signal evaluation determined for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables by the signal evaluation device combines the detected values ​​of the decision variables on the part of pilot sequences to each other and a determination of a Maxim performs environmentally value with the combined values. Optional is also a comparison of the maximum value with a decision threshold.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation for each sub-pilot sequence determines the values ​​of the decision variables by the signal evaluation device for a plurality of called frequency hypotheses frequencies of a complex Exponentialschwingung multiplying values ​​of multiplication of samples of the respective pilot sequence with complex conjugate values ​​of a same number of reference symbols of a known reference sequence and sample values ​​constituting the complex Exponentialschwingung and summing the multiplied values.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device combined together as determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables by the signal evaluation device adds (that is commonly the part of pilot sequences) for the sub-pilot sequences to one another the magnitudes of the values ​​of the decision variables.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation device determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables combined together for the sub-pilot sequences by the signal evaluation me Sum one of the amounts of a real part and an imaginary part of the values ​​of the decision variables forms.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device combines the determined for the part-values ​​of the decision variables pilot sequences together for the sub-pilot sequences to each other by the signal evaluation device adds up the amount squares of the values ​​of the decision variables.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation coherent determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables together for the sub-pilot sequences combined with each other in compliance with the magnitude and phase of the values ​​of the decision variables.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device combines the detected values ​​of the decision variables with the inclusion of weighting factors MITEI-Nander.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation device, the determined values ​​of the decision variables involving respectively relating to the sub-pilot sequences weighting factors combined.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device determines the weighting factors based on a signal-to-noise ratio of the respective telegram fragment.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation weighting--factors as determined in proportion to a square root of the signal-to-noise ratio.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device determines the weighting factors as determined in proportion to a square root of a quotient from the signal-zuRauschen ratio and a noise power of the respective telegram fragment.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation, the weighting factors as a function of one of the signal evaluation device available computing power or a function of a ratio of the signal zuRauschen ratio relative to a predetermined relational value or a function of an interference power either as proportional to a root from the signal-to-noise ratio or as a square root of a quotient of the signal to noise ratio and a noise power of the respective telegram fragment determined proportionally.

According to one embodiment, the receiver is designed in such a way several emitted by the transmitter message fragments to be received, wherein the message fragments each having a part-pilot sequence, wherein the message fragments are complementary to a telegram, the data transmitted by the transmitter includes wherein the telegram fragments shorter the transmitted data telegram exhibiting as a single part, and wherein the pilot sequences are complementary to a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation device determines, starting from the part-pilot sequences and using the D FT procedure, a value of a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter and a reception frequency of the receiver by the signal evaluation determined for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables, the determined values ​​of decision variables combined with each other via the sub-pilot sequences and with the combined values ​​of a determination of a maximum value is carried out. In this case, the signal evaluation device performs a time estimate for a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the message fragment and an assumed for evaluation of the message fragment for the reference time and / or estimated value by using the signal evaluation device, starting from a by determination of the maximum value obtained maximum value and at least one hinsieht- lent a time variable value to the maximum value adjacent a time estimate of a time offset determined.

In one embodiment it is provided is designed in such a class of recipients least rpm to receive a transmitted message from the transmitter, wherein the message comprises a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation device determines from the pilot sequence and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter and a reception frequency of the receiver by the signal evaluation device for the pilot sequence values ​​determined decision variables, a determination is carried out of a maximum value. The signal evaluation device performs a time estimate for a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the telegram and an assumed for evaluation of the telegram for the reference time and / or estimated value through, by the signal evaluation device, starting from a by determining the maximum value obtained maximum value and at least one with respect to a time variable value adjacent to the maximum value determines a time estimate for a time offset.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation, starting from the by determining the maximum value and a positive comparison of the maximum value with a decision threshold the maximum value.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation device generates the time estimate from the maximum value and two adjacent values, and that the two adjacent values ​​with respect to the time variable precede or follow the maximum value determined.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device determines a polynomial for the maximum value and the two adjacent values. In addition, the Signalauswertevor-direction determined from an associated the polynomial extreme value the time estimate.

One embodiment is that the signal evaluation device carries out the interpolation with a polynomial of the second degree.

According to one embodiment (1 2) takes the signal evaluation, the interpolation with a polynomial of the form of: y (x) = y 0 - c (xx 0 ) 2, wherein the free parameters y 0 , c and x 0 on the basis of the maximum value and the adjacent values are determined.

A maximum value of the interpolation curve determines the device transformation ly (i) - v il)

with the following function: =, - '-

0 2 2 (0) - v (l) - ^ (-l )

where x is 0 an abscissa value of a maximum of the polynomial y (0), the maximum value and y (-1) and y (1), the adjacent values are

When interpolation in one embodiment, a second degree polynomial of the form y (x) = y is 0 - c (xx 0 ) 2 used.

The abscissa x 0 of Polynommaximums is for example the improved time estimate is (normalized to the sampling interval T / N).

From the abscissa x 0 of the improved frequency estimate can be on the Polynommaximums

~ Γ = i g + x "f 0 for / 0 N m . / 2

to calculate.

In one embodiment it is provided that the receiver is designed in such a way to receive multiple transmitted from the transmitter message fragments, the message fragments each having a part-pilot sequence, wherein the message fragments are complementary to a telegram from the transmitter includes transmitted data, wherein the message fragments are shorter wherein the partial-pilot sequences complement as a single data telegram transmitted exhibiting and to a pilot sequence.

The signal evaluation device determines on the basis of the partial sequences and pilot using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter and a reception frequency of the receiver. This overall

splints by the signal evaluation determined for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables, the determined values ​​of the decision variables combined via the sub-pilot sequences to one another and with the combined values ​​of a determination of a maximum value is carried out.

The signal evaluation device performs a frequency estimate for the frequency difference by the signal evaluation on the basis of a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one in terms of a frequency variable adjacent to the maximum value a value a frequency estimate ermit-telt.

According to one embodiment, the receiver is designed in such a way to receive at least a transmitted message from the transmitter, wherein the message comprises a pilot sequence. The signal evaluation device determines from the pilot sequence and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter and a reception frequency of the receiver by the signal evaluation device for the pilot sequence values ​​determined decision variables, a determination is carried out of a maximum value , The signal evaluation device determines a frequency estimate for the frequency difference through-, by the signal evaluation on the basis of a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one variable in terms of frequency adjacent to the maximum value a frequency value estimate.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation starting obtains the maximum value from the maximum value and a positive comparison of the maximum value with a decision threshold.

According to one embodiment, the signal evaluation device generates the frequency estimate from the maximum value and the two adjacent values, the two adjacent values ​​precede or follow variable in frequency to the maximum value determined.

In one embodiment it is provided that the signal evaluation device for the maximum value and the two neighboring values ​​determines a polynomial, and that the Signalaus values ​​from an associated device to the polynomial extreme value the frequency estimate determined.

One embodiment is that the signal evaluation device carries out the interpolation with a polynomial of the second degree.
claims

Sender (1),

wherein the transmitter (1) is designed such to emit at least a signal with a plurality of pilot symbols having pilot sequence,

wherein the transmitter (1) comprises a signal generator (2)

wherein the signal generator (2) provides the pilot sequence,

wherein the signal generator (2) provides the pilot sequence such that the pilot sequence comprises at least two symbol groups each having at least two pilot symbols, and

wherein the symbol groups in an evaluation of a result of the emission of the signal by a receiver (10) the received signal with respect to a phase of a time offset between a reference time of transmission of the signal by the transmitter (1) and one for the create evaluation for the reference time received and / or estimated value dependent phase errors that compensate each other in the evaluation together on the icon groups across essentially each other.

Sender (1) according to claim 1, wherein the symbol groups partly overlap.

Sender (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein at least there is a symbol group composed of a central and two flanking symbol symbols.

To send out transmitter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the transmitter (1) is designed such signals each having a least four pilot symbols having pilot sequence.

5. transmitter (1) having pilot sequences according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the transmitter transmits (1) signals that result from an MSK modulation or GMSK modulation.

6. transmitter (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 5,

wherein the transmitter by at least two fragments telegram emitted by the transmitter (1) as individual signals and are shorter than a single data telegram exhibiting total, outputs (1) to be output data, and

wherein at least one telegram fragment comprising the pilot sequence generated from the signal generator (2).

Transmitter (1) so that the pilot sequence comprises any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the signal generator (2) provides the pilot sequence with a length of at least eight pilot symbols such one of the following forms:

[0, 1,0, 0, 0, 0, 1,0],

[1,0, 1, 1, 1, 1,0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1, 1, 1,0, 1,0, 0, 0],

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

Transmitter (1) so that a portion of the pilot sequence, the mono- or poly-part according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the signal generator (2) provides the pilot sequence with a length of at least eight pilot symbols such the pilot sequence comprises one of the following shapes :

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[1,0, 1, 1, 1, 1,0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1.0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

9. Transmitter (1) according ei INEM of claims 1 to 6, wherein the signal generator (2), the pilot sequence with egg iner length of at least twelve pilot symbols such readiness, so that the Pi ilotsequenz has one of the following forms:

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0. 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 11,

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, o, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[1.0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1.0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1].

[1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1].

[1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1].

[1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1.0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1].

[1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1.1, 0, 0, 1, 0, i.

[1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1.0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, o, 0, 1, o, 1, o, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, a, 0, 0, 0]

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1.1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0] or

[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

Transmitter (1) so that a portion of the pilot sequence, the mono- or poly-part according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the signal generator (2) provides the pilot sequence with a length of at least twelve pilot symbols such the pilot sequence comprises one of the following shapes :

[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1,0, 1,0, 1, 1],

[0, o, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, o, 1, 0, 1, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1. 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1],

[0, 0, o, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 1, 11,

[0, 0, o, 1, 1, o, 1, o, 1, 1, 1, 1],

[0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, o, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0]

[0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0],

[0, 1, o, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, o, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0],

[1. 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1],

[1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1],

[1. 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1],

[1st 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, U

[1. 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0],

[1. 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0],

[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, o, 0] or

[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0],

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

Sender (1),

wherein the transmitter (1) is designed such to emit at least two signals each having a plurality of pilot symbols having pilot sub-sequence,

wherein the transmitter (1) comprises a signal generator (2)

wherein the signal generator (2) provides the partial pilot sequence,

wherein the signal generator (2) providing the partial sequences of the pilot signals such that the part-pilot sequences each have at least one icon group having at least two pilot symbols, and

wherein the symbol groups of signals in an evaluation of a result of the transmission of the signals by a receiver (10) the received signals with respect to a phase of a time offset between a reference time of each emission of a signal and a map for the evaluation for generating reference time received and / or estimated value dependent phase errors that compensate for the evaluation together on the signals are substantially mutually exclusive.

Sender (1) according to claim 11, wherein at least one part-sequence of at least two pilot symbol groups, and wherein the symbol groups are partially overlapping.

Sender (1) according to claim 11 or 12, wherein at least there is a symbol group composed of a central and two flanking symbol symbols.

Transmitter (1) which have part-pilot sequences according to one of claims 1 1 to 13, wherein the transmitter transmits (1) signals odulation by a MSK or GMSK modulation result.

Sender (1) according to one of claims 1 1 to 14, wherein the signal generator (2) provides the partial pilot sequences in such a way so that the part-pilot sequences, taken together, comprise a portion that is singly or multiply present and having the following forms:

[0, 1 , 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 , 0],

[1 , 0, 1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 0, 1],

[0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1] or

[1 , 1 , 1 , 0, 1 , 0, 0, 0],

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

Sender (1) according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein the signal generator (2) provides the partial pilot sequences in such a way so that the part-pilot sequences, taken together, comprise a portion that is singly or multiply present and having the following forms:

wherein the zeros and ones each pilot sequence bits prior to modulation.

17. A method for transmitting signals,

wherein the signals each having a having a plurality of pilot sequence symbols

Pilot sequence are transmitted,

wherein the pilot sequences are provided such that the pilot sequences each have at least two symbol groups each having at least two pilot symbols, and

wherein the symbol groups in an evaluation of a result of the emission of the signal by a receiver (10) the received signal with respect to a phase of a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal and one for the evaluation for the reference time received and / or estimated value dependent phase errors produce that compensate each other in the evaluation using the symbol groups substantially.

A method for transmitting signals,

wherein at least two signals are transmitted, each having a plurality of pilot sequence symbols partial pilot sequence,

wherein the sub-pilot sequences are provided such that the partial sequence in each case have at least one pilot symbol group each having at least two pilot symbols, and

wherein the symbol groups of signals in an evaluation of a result of the transmission of the signals by a receiver (10) received signals in terms of a phase of a time offset between a reference time of each emission of a signal and a map for the evaluation for generating reference time received and / or estimated value dependent phase errors that compensate for the evaluation together on the signals are substantially mutually exclusive.

19. Computer program having a program code for performing the method of claim 17 or 18th

Receiver (10)

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a manner at least to receive one from a transmitter (1) transmitted signal,

wherein the receiver (10) comprises a synchronization device (1 1)

wherein said synchronization device (11) is designed in such a way to make, based on the received signal, a synchronization of the receiver (10) with the transmitter (1),

wherein the receiver (10) comprises a signal evaluation device (12)

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is determined from the received signal data for the synchronization and transfers to the synchronization device (11) for the synchronization,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) in the evaluation of a pilot sequence or a part-pilot sequence of a received signal a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter (1) and one for the evaluation for the reference time received, and / or estimated value is obtained, and

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) accesses for the further evaluation of the pilot sequence to symbols of a matched to the time offset reference sequence, or wherein the signal evaluation device (12) for further evaluation of the sub-pilot sequence to symbols of a part, adapted to the time offset reference sequence or one at accesses the time offset conforming portion of a reference sequence.

Receiver (10) by moving according to claim 20, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the adjustment of the reference sequence or part of the reference sequence, the signal evaluation device (12) a known reference sequence or part of a known reference sequence in time by the determined time offset.

The receiver (10) according to claim 20, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the adjustment of the reference sequence or part of the reference sequence by the signal evaluation device (12) accesses a data memory (15) with correspondingly deposit reference sequences or parts of reference sequences.

The receiver (10) from 20 to 22, wherein the receiver (10) has a filter device (14) and a scanning device (13) according to one of the claims.

A method for synchronizing a receiver (10) having a transmitter (1),

wherein at least one is received by the transmitter (1) transmitted signal by the receiver (10),

wherein starting of the received signal is performed, a synchronization of the receiver (10) with the transmitter (1) from a pilot sequence or a pilot sequence part-

wherein a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the signal by the transmitter (1) and one for the reference time is determined received and / or estimated value, and

wherein a pilot sequence of the received signal is evaluated with the symbols of a matched to the time offset reference sequence, or

wherein a part-pilot sequence is evaluated of the received signal symbols with a portion of a matched to the time offset of a reference sequence or with symbols matched to the time offset portion of a reference sequence.

Receiver (10),

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a manner at least to receive one from a transmitter (1) transmitted signal,

wherein the receiver (10) comprises a synchronization device (11) wherein said synchronization device (11) is designed in such a way to make the basis of the received signal, a synchronization of the receiver (10) with the transmitter (1),

wherein the receiver (10) comprises a signal evaluation device (12)

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is determined from the received signal data for the synchronization and transfers to the synchronization device (11) for the synchronization,

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a way to receive a plurality of the transmitter (1) transmitted telegram fragments,

wherein the telegram fragments each having a part-pilot sequence,

wherein the telegram fragments combine to form one message, which includes from the transmitter (1) transmitted data,

wherein the telegram fragments are shorter than a single exhibiting the transmitted data telegram,

wherein the sub-pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence, and

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is determined starting from the part-pilot sequences and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the receiver (10) by the signal evaluation device (12) for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables (d, [k]) determined the values ​​of the decision variables determined (d, [k]) over the part-pilot sequences combined with each other and with the combined values ​​of a determination of a maximum value is carried out.

The receiver (10) according to claim 25, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) pilot sequence part (d [k]) the values ​​of the decision variables for each determined by the signal evaluation device (12) for a plurality of called frequency hypotheses frequencies of a complex Exponentialschwingung Multi -

pli cation values ​​of a multiplication of samples of the respective partial pilot sequence with complex conjugate values ​​of a same number of reference symbols of a known reference sequence and samples of the complex Exponentialschwingung forms and accumulates the multiplied values.

27. Receiver (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]) are combined together for the sub-pilot sequences to each other by the signal evaluation device (12) the amounts adds the values ​​of the decision variables (dj [k]).

28. Receiver (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]) are combined together for the sub-pilot sequences to each other by the signal evaluation device (12) a is sum of the amounts of a real part and an imaginary part of the values ​​of the decision variables (d, [k]).

29. Receiver (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]) are combined together for the sub-pilot sequences to each other by the signal evaluation device (12) the amount summed squares of the values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]).

30. Receiver (10) according to claim 25 or 26, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) coherently determined for the sub-pilot sequences values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]) together for the sub-pilot sequences in compliance with the magnitude and phase of the values ​​of decision variables (d, [k]) are combined.

31. Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) the determined values ​​of the decision variables (d [k]) with the inclusion of weighting factors combined.

32. Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 25 to 30, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) the determined values ​​of the decision variables (d, [kj) are combined with the inclusion of in each case relating to the sub-pilot sequences weighting factors.

The receiver (10) according to claim 31 or 32, wherein the signal evaluation device (12), the weighting factors based on a determined signal-to-noise ratio of the respective telegram fragment.

The receiver (10) according to claim 33, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determines the weighting factors to be proportional to a square root of the signal-to-noise ratio.

The receiver (10) according to claim 33, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determines the weighting factors to be proportional to a square root of a quotient from the signal-to-noise ratio and a noise power of the respective telegram fragment.

The receiver (10) according to claim 33, wherein the signal evaluation device (12), the weighting factors as a function of one of the signal evaluation device available computing power or a function of a ratio of signal-to-noise ratio relative to a to a predetermined relational value or as a function of interference power either to a square root of a quotient of the signal to noise ratio and a noise power of the respective telegram fragment determined in proportion to a square root of the signal-to-noise ratio or proportion.

Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 20 to 23 or 25 to 36

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a way to receive a plurality of the transmitter (1) transmitted telegram fragments,

wherein the telegram fragments each having a part-pilot sequence,

wherein the telegram fragments combine to form one message, which includes from the transmitter (1) transmitted data,

wherein the telegram fragments are shorter than a single exhibiting the transmitted data telegram,

wherein the sub-pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence, and

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) starting from the part-pilot sequences and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the

determined receiver (10) by the signal evaluation device (12) (d, [k]) for each partial pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables determined, (d, [k]), the determined values ​​of the decision variables combined with each other via the sub-pilot sequences and with the combined values, a determination is carried out of a maximum value,

wherein the signal evaluation device (2) performs a time estimate for a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the message fragment and an assumed for evaluation of the message fragment for the reference time and / or estimated value by the signal evaluation device (12) starting from a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one with respect to a time variable value adjacent to the maximum value of a time estimate of a time offset determined.

38. Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 20 to 23 or 25 to 36,

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a manner at least to receive a from the transmitter (1) emitted telegram,

wherein the message comprises a pilot sequence,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) be- seen from the pilot sequence and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the

determined receiver (0), by determining the signal evaluation device (12) for the pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables (di [k]), a determination is carried out of a maximum value,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is a time estimate for a time offset between a reference time of a transmission of the message frame and egg

nem adopted for the evaluation of the telegram for the reference time and / or estimated value is carried out by the signal evaluation device (12) starting from a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one with respect to a time variable adjacent to the maximum value a value a time estimate determined for a time offset.

39. Receiver (10) according to claim 37 or 38, wherein the signal evaluation device (12), starting from the by determining the maximum value and a positive comparison of the maximum value with a decision threshold the maximum value.

40. Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 37 to 39, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) generates the time estimate from the maximum value and two adjacent values, and wherein the two adjacent values ​​variable in terms of time preceding the maximum value determined or consequences.

41. The receiver (10) according to claim 40, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) for the maximum value and the two neighboring values ​​determines a polynomial, and wherein the signal evaluation device (12) of an associated the polynomial Ext remwert the time estimate determined.

42. The receiver (10) according to claim 41, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the interpolation with a polynomial of the second degree.

43. Receiver (30) according to claim 42, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the interpolation with a polynomial of the form: y (x) = y 0 - c (x-xo) 2 , and where y is the free parameter 0 , c and x 0 are determined on the basis of the maximum and the neighboring points.

44. Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 20 to 23 or 25 to 43,

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a way to receive a plurality of the transmitter (1) transmitted telegram fragments,

wherein the telegram fragments each having a part-pilot sequence,

wherein the telegram fragments combine to form one message, which includes from the transmitter (1) transmitted data,

wherein the telegram fragments are shorter than a single exhibiting the transmitted data telegram,

wherein the sub-pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence, and

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is determined starting from the part-pilot sequences and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the receiver (10) by the signal evaluation device (12) for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables (d, [k]) determined, the determined values ​​of the decision variables (d, [k]) are combined with each other via the sub-pilot sequences and with the combined values ​​of a determination of a maximum value is carried out,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs a frequency estimate for the frequency difference by the signal evaluation device (12) from a frequency estimated value determined by a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one in terms of a frequency variable adjacent to the maximum value value.

Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 20 to 23 or 25 to 43

wherein the receiver (10) is designed in such a manner at least to receive a from the transmitter (1) emitted telegram,

wherein the message comprises a pilot sequence,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) is determined on the basis of the pilot sequence and using the DFT method a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the receiver (10) by the signal evaluation device (12) for the pilot sequence values determined decision variables (di (k]), a determination is carried out of a maximum value,

wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs a frequency estimate for the frequency difference by the signal evaluation device (12) from a frequency estimated value determined by a value obtained by determining the maximum value of maximum value and at least one in terms of a frequency variable adjacent to the maximum value value.

The receiver (10) according to claim 44 or 45, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) obtains the maximum value from the maximum value and a positive comparison of the maximum value with a decision threshold.

Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 44 to 46, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) generates the frequency estimate from the maximum value and the two adjacent values, the two adjacent values ​​precede in frequency variable to the maximum value determined or follow.

The receiver (10) according to claim 47, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) for the maximum value and the two neighboring values ​​determines a polynomial, and wherein the signal evaluation device (12) from an associated polynomial of the extreme value the frequency estimate determined.

The receiver (10) according to claim 48, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the interpolation with a polynomial of the second degree.

Receiver (30) according to claim 49, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs the interpolation with a polynomial of the form: y (x) = y 0 - c (xx 0 ) 2 , and wherein the free parameters y 0 , c and x 0 are determined on the basis of the maximum and the neighboring points.

Receiver (10) according to any one of claims 37 to 50, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) determines the time estimate and used for re-determining the frequency difference by the signal evaluation device (12) d of the decision variables (for a re-determination of the values, [ k]) shifted by the time estimated samples of the respective sub-pilot sequences used or reference symbols of a reference sequence at the time estimation value shifts in time.

The receiver (10) according to claim 51, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) for re-determining the frequency difference makes an interpolation of the sample values ​​of the respective sub-pilot sequences.

The receiver (10) according to claim 51 or 52, wherein the signal evaluation device (12) performs a frequency estimate for the frequency difference after the re-determination of the frequency difference by the signal evaluation device (12) starting from a by determining the maximum value and a positive comparison with the decision threshold maximum value obtained and at least one adjacent with respect to a frequency variable value, a frequency estimate is determined.

A method for synchronizing a receiver (10) having a transmitter (1),

wherein at least one is received by the transmitter (1) transmitted signal by the receiver (10),

being carried with the transmitter (1) from a pilot sequence or a pilot sequence of the part-emp-captured signal, a synchronization of the receiver (10),

wherein a plurality of received from the transmitter (1) transmitted message fragments by the receiver (10),

wherein the telegram fragments each having a part-pilot sequence,

wherein the telegram fragments combine to form one message, which includes from the transmitter (1) transmitted data,

wherein the telegram fragments are shorter than the telegram,

wherein the sub-pilot sequences complementary to a pilot sequence,

being synchronized starting of the partial sequences of the pilot receiver (10) with the transmitter (1).

wherein starting a value for a frequency difference between a transmission frequency of the transmitter (1) and a reception frequency of the receiver (10) is determined by the sub-pilot sequences and using the DFT method, by, for each part pilot sequence values ​​of the decision variables (dk) be determined) by the identified values ​​of the decision variables (d, [k]) pilot sequences part are combined over all and by a maximum value is carried out with the combined values, a determination.

Computer program having a program code for performing the method according to claim 24 or 54th