FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to emergency closure of valves for hydro electric power
stations using weights and cables. More particularly the invention relates to a twin
cable spring suspended closing weight for emergency closing spherical valve. This
invention further relates to a method of providing adjustable and lockable stops on
the concrete wall in a turbine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In a typical medium or high speed hydroelectric station spherical valve is installed
upstream of a turbine as a shut-off device. The function of the spherical valve is to
close the turbine for following purposes:
1. To empty the turbine without emptying the penstock.
2. To shut-off water to the turbine after closure of turbine guide apparatus to
prevent leakage (wastage) across guide apparatus of reaction turbines or
needles of Pelton turbine.
3. To seal the turbine against upstream water for maintenance of turbine parts.
4. Emergency closure of turbine when the turbine fails to close due to
malfunctioning of governor controlled servomotors.

Valve Closing Arrangement
As shown in fig.l, in the prior art arrangement, a spherical valve is closed by a
hydraulic servomotor (2) i.e. an oil operated hydraulic cylinder (2a) connected to a
lever (3). As shown in fig. 5(A), the lever (3) is in turn connected to a door (4) of
the valve (1) through a trunnion (5). To improve reliability of emergency closing,
provision of dead weight (6) could be one solution to this prior art turbine. This
means that in case of low oil pressure or oil pressure failure, the valve (1) shall be
closed by the torque of the dead weight (6) hung on the lever (3) of the valve door
(4).
Arrangement of Locks
For maintenance purpose it is required to lock the spherical valve door (4) either in
the closed or open position (9,10) for the safety of maintenance staff & the turbine
against any accidental opening or closing.
Arrangement of Stops
The stops for the door movement are provided by hydraulic cylinders (2a) of the
servomotor (2) which rotate the door. As shown in figs-9(A)&9(B), the rotation of
the door (4) stops in closed and open position when the piston of the servomotor
(2) touches the ends of the cylinder top and bottom covers. The angular movement
of the door corresponds to a function of the servomotor stroke. Hence if there is
some variation in the stroke, it reflects in the angular movement of the door for
which there is no provision for adjustmentThe spherical valve door (4) is rotated by
90° from a fully closed position (9) to a full open position (10) by the hydraulic
servomotor (2). In the fully closed position (9), the seals on the door (4) are
required to align perfectly with the seals provided on the body of the valve (1) to
achieve perfect sealing. In the fully open position (10), the bore of the valve door
(4) is to align with inlet and outlet pipes (7,8) so that water flows smoothly without
any disturbance. The rotation of the valve door (4) stops when the piston of the
servomotor (2) touches the cylinder ends as shown in fig. 9(A) & 9(B). Hence
variation in the stroke of the servomotor (2) reflects on open position of the door
(4). For adjusting the door (4) corresponding to a closed position (9), the piston rod

has to be manually turned by a huge spanner, which is neither convenient nor very
precise.
Closing weight Arrangement
A) Dead weight clamped/bolted to lever arms of door
In this prior art arrangement, the dead weights/closing weights (6) are bolted on
the levers (3) of the valve door (4). Figure-1 of prior art shows an arrangement
where the dead weights (6) for emergency closing of the valve (1) are
clamped/bolted on the lever arm. The location of the weight (6) from the
trunnion axis (5) changes with angular position of the lever arm (3) and is
minimum in the fully open (9) and fully closed positions (10), when it is required
the most. As a result of this the magnitude of the closing weight has to be
increased disproportionately which increases the cost. This arrangement has the
following drawbacks:
a) To provide a clearance (11) with concrete walls (14) or columns of the
powerhouse, the dead weights (6) have to be located at smaller
radius. Thus, to achieve the required closing torque, the closing
weights (6) have to be very heavy since the radius is small.
b) In the fully open position (10), since the weights (6) come closer to
the valve door trunnion (5), the initiating torque for closing the door
(4) becomes less. Hence to get required initiating torque the
magnitude of closing weight (6) and hence the size has to be
increased.
Thus on both the situations, the size of the closing weight (6) gets
increased.
Increased magnitude of the closing weight, in-turn increase the
trunnion bearing friction and the servomotor size.

For the limited space available, the closing weights (6) are made of
steel. For a medium size valve, the closing weight (6) could be of the
order of 70 T.
B) Dead weights/closing weights connected to lever ami through a
wire rone & pullev
In the prior art arrangement shown at figure-2, the closing weight (6) is
connected to the lever arm (3) of the door (4) through a wire rope (12) with
a pulley arrangement (13) to change the direction of the rope (12). This
arrangement provides a constant closing torque but needs an elaborate
arrangement of fixing the pulleys and the weight and suitable arrangement to
prevent rotation of weights and their rubbing with the weight pit in concrete.
The drawback of this arrangement is that a very huge pulley block has to be
firmly fixed in concrete. The pulley radius has to be sufficiently big as per
safety norms viz-20 times the rope diameter.
Also, the pulley (13) is to be provided with bearings for smooth operation and
to reduce bearing friction loss.
Arrangement of Locks
The arrangement for locking the spherical valve door as shown in fig-8 comprises a
substantially large pin (15) inserted through a separate projecting arm of lever (3)
into bosses (16) which are integral with the body of the valve. There are two bosses
(16) on the body 90° apart, one corresponding to the closed position (9) and the
other corresponding to the open position (10).
Arrangement of Stops
The stops for the angular movement of door is provided by hydraulic cylinders (2a)
of the servomotor (2) which rotate the door. As shown in figs-9(A)&9(B), the
rotation of the door (4) stops in closed and open position when the piston of the

servomotor (2) touches the ends of the cylinder top and bottom covers. The angular
movement of the door corresponds to a function of the servomotor stroke. Hence if
there is some variation in the stroke, it reflects in the angular movement of the door
for which there is no provision for adjustment.
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
It is therefore an object of the invention to propose a twin cable spring suspended
closing weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine, which provides
an adjustable stop and locks, and which eliminates the disadvantages of prior art.
Another object of the invention is to propose a twin cable spring suspended closing
weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine which improves the
reliability of an arrangement of suspending weight from lever arm of the spherical
valve.
A still another object of the invention is to propose a twin cable spring suspended
closing weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine which reduces
the magnitude of the weight of the emergency closing weight.
A further object of the invention is to propose a twin cable spring suspended closing
weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine which reduces the cost
of the closing weight.
A still further object of the invention is to propose a twin cable spring suspended
closing weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine which provides
adjustable lockable stops for the door on the concrete wall.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to the present invention the weight for emergency closing of valves of
hydroelectric power station is suspended through disc springs so that the load of the
closing weight is shared by at least four slings/cables; two from each lever. The
emergency closing weight is given a particular shape to utilize the redundant space
between the two independent weights initially provided. This space is below the inlet
pipe/outlet pipe of the spherical valve. This-in-turn reduces the width of the weights
which thus permits the weights to be hung at a much larger radius. Weights at a
much larger radius means that for the same closing torque required, the magnitude
of the weights is reduced. The closing weights can be wider & hollow for filling with
sand/bricks/concrete if space available in the power house. In the present invention
the locks are provided between the outer periphery of lever cum sheave sector and
bracket mounted on nearest concrete wall. Thus, the present invention provides an
improved closing weight for emergency closing of spherical valve of a turbine. The
closing weight is suspended by cables and springs which is capable of moving in a
weight pit for closing and opening of spherical valve of a turbine. The cables
attached to a plurality of lever arms are suspended through a pluarilty of pre-loaded
disc springs. The closing weight is disposed at a distant end from the trunnion axis
and provided with increased sheave radius for enabling reduction in magnitude of
weights.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
Fig-1 (Prior Art-1) Arrangement of valve with closing weight bolted to lever
arm.
Fig-2 (Prior Art-2) Arrangement of valve with closing weight connected to
lever through wire rope and pulley.
Fig-3 A twin cable spring suspended tandem closing weight in open
position according to the present invention.

Fig-4 End view of the twin cable spring suspended tandem closing weight
according to the present invention.
Fig-5 Plan view of the twin cable spring suspended tandem closing weight
according to the invention.
Fig-5(A) Sectional view through Section AA of fig.5 (perpendicular to flow) to
show the position of valve door.
Rg-5(B) Sectional view through Section BB of fig.5 (along the flow) to
show the position of valve door.
Fig-6 Twin cable spring suspended tandem dosing weight (view showing valve
in transition to closed position).
Fig-7 Enlarged view of twin cables and spring suspension arrangement
according to the invention.
Fig-8 (Prior art) Arrangement of locks for the door on the valve body.
Fig-9A,9B (Prior art) Arrangement of stops for the door in servomotor in closed and
open positions.
Fig-10 Twin cable spring suspended tandem closing weight (view showing
valve locked in closed position) according to the invention.
Fig-11 Enlarged view of the adjustable stop and lock for closed position according
to the invention.
Rg-12 Exploded view of lock for open position according to the invention.
Fig-13 Enlarged view of lock for open position according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE
INVENTION
Closing weight arrangement:
Figures-3 to 6 show the improved closing weight (6A), for example, the tandem
closing weight, whereby the redundant space below the outlet pipe (8)/inlet pipe (7)
and between the two closing weights (6) of prior art is utilized for the improved
closing weight (6A). The tandem closing weight (6A) of the invention, is hung by at
least four wire ropes (18), two from each of two lever arms cum sheave sectors (3).

Since the weight moves in a vertical plane at a constant distance from the trunnion
(5) axis, the closing torque is constant throughout the angular movement of the
lever (3). Since the redundant space between the two independent weights of the
prior art is utilized, the width of the closing weight (6A) reduces. Reduced width of
closing weight (6A) permits increase of sheave radius i.e. locating weights at the
farthest possible distance from the trunnion axis (5). Increased sheave radius allows
further reduction of the weight of the closing weight (6A). In this way a few
iterations results in drastic reduction of magnitude/weight of the closing weight
(6A). In a variation of the configuration, the tandem weight (6A) can be used on the
upstream side below the inlet pipe (7).
In the prior art, the weights from each lever is suspended through a single wire
rope/cable; whereas in the present invention, the weight is suspended by two cables
(18) from each lever thus increasing the reliablility. Thus, in case one wire rope
fails/breaks the emergency closing function is not impaired as the load is taken up
by the second cable.Due to variation in length of the slings/cables (18), the load of
closing weight (6A) would be taken up by the shorter cable on each side. To
eliminate such a problem and to ensure that the two (twin) cables from each lever
share the load, a system of disc springs (17) has been introduced (Refer fig-7). By
tightening the nut (21) the disc springs (17) are pre-loaded which in turn cater for
absorbing variations of sling length and proper sharing of the load by the two cables
on each side.
Arrangement of Locks
In the prior art the locking arrangement consisted of a large pin (15) inserted
through a special projecting arm of the lever (3) into bosses which are integral with
body of the valve (1) (Refer fig-9A & 9B). There are two bosses (16) 90° apart one
for the closed position (16A) and the other for the open position (16B). The locking
pin holes in the lever (3) and in the boss (16) on the body are made by a combined
reaming operation on assembly at works.

The improved design for the locking arrangement consists of a locking arm (22)
being welded to the outer diameter of the lever (3) so as to bridge the gap between
the lever outer diameter and a bracket (20) on wall (Refer fig-lO&ll). The locking
arm (22) also contributes to the closing tendency of the valve (1) in a more effective
manner. A U-shaped slot (23) is provided in a projection of the locking arm (22).
The U-shaped fork moves over a stud (24) bolted to the bracket on the wall. Once
the locking arm (22) of the lever (3) sits on a nut (25) fixed to the locking stud (24),
a collared nut (27) is tightened to lock the lever (3) in the closed position. Since
there are four locks all of which are tightened independently, the load of locking is
uniformly shared by both the levers (3) whereas in the prior art the locking load is
taken by one of the two levers only. For the open position (16B) a separate locking
piece is bolted to the lever once the spherical valve door (4) comes to full open
position (16B) (Refer fig-12). The load of the lock is taken by at least two dowels
(26) for each locking piece. After assembly of the four locking pieces, washers are
put below the slots on the locking pieces and the nuts are tightened. Thus by
tightening the four nuts, the load of the opening lock is shared by both the levers.
Arrangement of Stops
According to prior art the stops the stopping of a angular movement of the valve
door at closed and open positions is performed in the hydraulic cylinder/servomotor
(2a/2) (Refer fig-9A &9B). The angular movement of the valve door stops once the
piston touches the cylinder end covers. In the prior art there was not much scope of
adjustment in the position of the stops either due to variation in servomotor stroke
or the disposition of the servomotor on its foundation. In the improved
configuration, the stop consists of a nut whose position can be adjusted on the
locking stud (24) fixed to the bracket (20) (Refer fig-11). Since the position of the
micrometer stop nut (25) can be adjusted axially along the locking stud (24) at the
farthest radius from trunnion axis the angular position of the door (4) can be
adjusted with very high precision by the micrometer adjustment nut (25) on the
bracket (20) fixed on the concrete wall (14) to achieve perfect alignment of the seal
on the door (4) with respect to the seal provided in body. This perfect alignment in-
turn improves the sealing performance and hence improves the life of the seal.

As shown in fig-3, a twin cable (18) spring suspended (17) tandem closing weight
(6A) is disposed at the top of weight pit in open position when the servomotor (2)
pushes the piston of the cylinder (2a) to touch the top cover of the cylinder.

WE CLAIM
1. A twin cable spring suspended weight for emergency closing of spherical
valve of a turbine, the closing weight being suspended by cables and springs,
and operable in tandem, the closing weight comprising:
at least one closing weight (6A) capable of moving in a weight pit for closing
and opening of spherical valve (1) of a turbine;
Characterized in that the closing weight (6A) is disposed at a distant end from
the trunnion axis (5), and provided with increased sheave radius for enabling
reduction in magnitude of weights; and in that each weight being connected
to a plurality of cables (18) attached to a plurality of lever arms (3)
suspended through a plurality of pre-loaded disc springs(17).
2. The closing weight as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-loaded disc springs
(17) enables equal sharing of the load by the cables (18).
3. The closing weight as claimed in claim 1, comprising an adjustable lockable
stop (19a) is provided with a plurality of locking arms (22) welded to each of
the plurality of lever arms (3) for locking the spherical valve (1) in closed
position.
4. The closing weight as claimed in claim 1, comprising a removable lock (19b)
bolted on the lever (3) for locking the valve (1) in open position.

5. An improved closing weight as substantially described and illustrated herein
with reference to accompanying drawings.

Closing weights (6A) being suspended by cables (18) and springs (17) is provided
for emergency closing of spherical valves (1) of a turbine. The weight (6A) is
capable of moving in a weight pit. The angular movement of the valve door is
stopped in a very precise position by provision of a micrometer adjustment nut at
the farthest radius on a bracket fixed on the concrete wall (14). This precise
positioning of the valve door in the closed position enhances a good performance
and life of the seals. The weight (6A) is disposed at the farthest possible distance
form the trunnion axis (5) resulting in increased sheave radius that enables
reduction in magnitude of weights. The weight (6A) is hung by cables (18) attached
to the lever (3) and is suspended through preloaded springs (17). The spring
ensures equal share of the load by the cables (18).