1. Up-flow floating surface constructed wetland (UFSCW) comprising a rectangular unit with three chambers, an arrangement of baffles and a floating assembly with curled hanging ropes and wetland plants as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; wherein the sewage/wastewater enters from the wastewater inlet (1) through a pipe and flows into the chamber - 1 (2), which is the first chamber, then flows down after striking the hanging baffle (3); being placed at a distance away from the inlet pipe; the bottom part being left open to allow wastewater to move upward (Up-flow) to a concave end sill flow stagger (4) placed below the hanging baffles of each chamber providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater; wherein it comes in contact with microbes attached and suspended on the curled hanging ropes (5) and on the roots of floating plants (6); wherein each chamber being provided with a floating assembly (7) to support the floating plants and installation of curled hanging ropes, comprising holes and plant box (8) facilitating aeration and holding the wetland plants (9) from the top portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition; further connected to a pipe for drawing oil from the tank through the oil and grease removal valve (10); the excessive wastewater entering chamber-1 being drained out through an overflow valve (11); wherein the anaerobic zone in the chamber treats wastewater and accumulated sludge in the bottom of the sludge zone (12) in the absence of oxygen; the digested sludge being removed by the sludge valve (13) from all the chambers; provided with three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) to transfer wastewater smoothly from the first chamber to the next chamber; wherein the chambers being separated by partition walls (15); and wherein similar processes occur in chamber – 2 (16) and chamber – 3 (17), focusing more on biological treatment and nutrient uptake; wherein the outflow of chamber – 3 is the treated water outlet (18) at the top of the tank.

2. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises attached hanging baffles (3) arrangement in UFSCW providing up-flow movement of wastewater.

3. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a Conclave End Sill (CES) (4) flow stagger below the hanging baffle providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing the bottom accumulated sludge in the chamber.

4. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a floating assembly (7) that carries a variety of wetland plants with varying root zone lengths for phyto and bio- remediation at different layers of wastewater.

5. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises an arrangement of curled hanging ropes (5) in a floating assembly acting as a velocity reducer which enhances sedimentation and supports attached as well as suspended growth of micro-organism for treatment of wastewater.

6. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) arrangement for the separation of floatable matter and smooth flow of wastewater at a different depth between the chambers. Dated this 7th day of March 2024. Digitally signed by Dr Shikha Rastogi Senior Principal Scientist IPU, CSIR

DESC:0021NF2023
FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10 and Rule 13)

UP-FLOW FLOATING SURFACE CONSTRUCTED WETLAND (UFSCW) FOR ENHANCED SEDIMENTATION, TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER AND MECHANISM THEREOF

COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC & INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH
Anusandhan Bhawan, 2 Rafi Marg, New Delhi – 110 001, India, An Indian Registered Body
Incorporated under the Registration of Societies Act (XXI of 1860).

The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed:

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) which has been designed and developed to reduce the amount of pollution emanating from domestic wastewater. In particular, the present invention provides an UFSCW with up-flow of wastewater for Bio and Phyto remediation in a single unit. Effluent from the UFSCW requires minor secondary treatment before further reuse in various applications. UFSCW can be clubbed with existing conventional and constructed wetland (CW) treatment technologies as a primary cum secondary treatment unit. UFSCW allows a reduction in pollution at the source in the proposed state of the art itself. UFSCW uses a combination of physical and biological processes in a single unit to treat organic and nutrients present in the wastewater. For domestic purposes, household sewage can be treated and the effluent discharge can be reused with minimum secondary treatment. There is a minimum energy requirement to feed wastewater in UFSCW. It is a sustainable system using locally available materials and wetland plant species. The invention finds immense application in the field of waste water treatment. It shall help attain the 6th sustainable development goal of clean water and sanitation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART
Water supply is returned to the ecosystem in the form of wastewater to the extent of about 75%-80 %. When the wastewater supply is not adequately managed, it poses a risk to public health and the environment, yet if it is appropriately managed, it can assist the city in meeting its water needs. Wastewater flowing through nallahs enters rivers, drains, or lakes in untreated conditions and results in river/lake pollution with the degradation of water quality due to organic enrichment, primarily from domestic sewage, possibly leading to outbreaks of waterborne diseases. In India, there are two sources of drinking water; the first one is groundwater and the second one is surface water, but most of the surface water bodies are contaminated due to the untreated disposal of domestic sewage from the cities and towns. According to experts and Niti Aayog report (2018), 40% of Indians will not have clean drinking water by 2030.
Wastewater treatment is provided in urban areas up to some extent but not in rural areas because of a lack of infrastructure and budget constraints. Wastewater management has been ignored for a long, resulting in severe consequences for human health, aquatic ecosystems, and the quality of public life. Severe environmental and social problems arise from the continuous mismanagement of wastewater. For better living standards in urban and rural areas, wastewater management and its disposal or reuse are becoming more critical. Also, it contributes to resource conservation.
Reference may be made to CN214457469U which discloses a light filter material up-flow type constructed wetland which comprises a constructed wetland, the constructed wetland is composed of a plurality of single pools, each single pool is filled with a filter material layer, a water inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of each single pool, and a water inlet valve is arranged on each water inlet pipe; a rotatable clear water pipe and a primarily filtered water discharge pipe are arranged on the single tank; an anti-seepage water-resisting layer is laid on the bottom layer of the single pool, a sludge collecting groove is reserved above the anti-seepage water-resisting layer, a sludge suction pipe is arranged at the bottom of the sludge collecting groove, a perforated water distribution pipe is arranged above the sludge collecting groove, sewage enters the lower portion of the single pool through a water inlet pipe and is evenly distributed through the perforated water distribution pipe, water flows upwards and passes through a filter material layer, and under the combined action of micro-organisms and filter materials in the filter material layer, the sewage flows into the filter material layer. After sewage in the sewage is degraded and adsorbed, the sewage is discharged through the rotatable clear water pipe, and a fallen biological membrane is collected by the sludge collection tank and discharged through the sludge suction pipe. The device is suitable for the fields of surface runoff purification, sewage treatment, tap water source pre-protection, modular application of later rural scattered small sewage treatment and the like.
However, the limitation is:
Filter media is required to provide the surface of microbial growth and absorb the organic matter. A lightweight ceramsite layer filter is used to degrade and adsorb the organic matter. The choking and water-clogging problem occurs in these media layers.
The area is required more and hydraulic retention time is also needed more.
There is no preliminary and primary treatment before wastewater treatment using filter media and plants. This may clog the wetland system, while the present invention’s UFSCW system comprises preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
There is no use of media in UFSCW. The chambers of UFSCW are fitted with an assembly that carries floating plants and curled hanging ropes to enhance sedimentation and treatment. Up-flow provides maximum contact of wastewater with attached and suspended growth microbes on the curled hanging ropes and on the roots of the floating plants.
The inlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of each single pool to maintain the up-flow movement. There is no use of baffles to provide the up-flow movement of water.
Not a compact system with preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
Accumulated sludge is also disturbed by the up-flow movement of wastewater because there is no provision of Concave End Sill (CES) flow staggers to allow the up-flow movement of wastewater.
They are using ryegrass as a wetland plant which uptakes nutrients from wastewater. But using that wetland plant that grows long roots that create choking problems and operation and maintenance will be complex.

Reference may be made to US2008251448A1 which incorporates a wetland water treatment system that creates an infrastructure, flow control which is multilevel and multi-stage. This is a modular system which includes three or more chambers and/or ditches through which the stormwater or other influent passes and is cleaned. The influent which flows into a storm drain, curb inlet, or inflow pipe into the system is directed first into a screening type catch basin inset filter within the first chamber of the system. The influent is treated within the first chamber before it passes out of this chamber into the incorporated wetlands system. The water flows through the wetlands chamber or ditch where it is further filtered and decontaminated through both an aerobic and anaerobic process. In situations of high runoff there is a bypass component.
However, the limitation is:
This technology is primarily used for in-situ stormwater management and some greywater but it is not used for more polluted wastewater treatment.
The system with three or more chambers carrying filters for separation at multiple stages and primarily different levels of media used to enhance the removal of pollutants. Not a compact design with preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
Filter media are necessary to provide for filtration and microbial growth and to absorb organic matter. There is a problem of choking and water logging in this media layer.
There is no provision for sludge generation and digestion in any units.
Although a separate system for screening is provided, there is no system for oil and grease removal. Thus, the presence of oil and grease slows down the degradation of the organic matter.

Reference may be made to CN105621786A which comprises an upwelling vertical constructed wetland and a water storage tank communicated with a water outlet in the upwelling vertical constructed wetland, wherein the upwelling vertical constructed wetland comprises a macadam packing layer, a Fe-C ceramsite micro-electrolysis packing layer and a gravel packing layer from the bottom up sequentially; emerging plants are planted on the gravel packing layer; the water storage tank is used for storing wastewater treated by the constructed wetland, and comprises a water inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe, a floating ball and a tank body; the water inlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the tank body, and is communicated with a four-way branch; one end of a horizontal pipe is communicated with the water outlet in the constructed wetland; the other end of the horizontal pipe leads to receiving water; a floating ball mesh basket is arranged in the downward opening of a vertical pipe; the floating ball is arranged in the mesh basket; the water outlet pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body and communicated with an agricultural drainage and irrigation system. The upwelling vertical constructed wetland system integrates the advantages of the constructed wetland and a micro-electrolysis technology in removing degradation-resistant poisonous organic pollutant-containing wastewater, so as to effectively remove pesticide pollutants in one system.
However, the limitation is:
There is no preliminary and primary treatment before wastewater treatment using curl hanging ropes and plants. This may clog the wetland system, while the present invention’s UFSCW system comprises preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
The existing art requires filter media for microbial growth, whereas UFSCW provides curled hanging rope, encouraging micro-organisms' attached and suspended growth without any filter media.
It has an operational constraint due to overgrowing of the plant root in filter media, ultimately leading to choking.
Treatment is confined to agricultural wastewater.
There is no provision for sludge generation and digestion in any units.
There is no system for screening and removal of oil and grease. Thus, the absence of a screen hinders the flow pattern and the presence of oil and grease slows the degradation of organic matter.
Baffles were not provided in any of the units for the smooth movement of wastewater.

Reference may be made to CN103771667A which recites a treatment system comprising a pretreatment unit, an up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank group and a rapid seepage constructed wetland reaction tank which are arranged from bottom to top in sequence, wherein the effluent of the pretreatment unit is connected with the entry of the up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank group; the up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank group is arranged under the ground and comprises front up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank groups and rear up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank groups which are arranged in parallel in series; the rapid seepage constructed wetland reaction tank is arranged above the up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank group. Compared with the conventional system, the treatment system disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of low energy consumption, small occupied area and high land and space utilization rate, solves the problems of noise pollution, gas pollution of foul gases and the like, and moreover has an excellent landscape effect.
However, the limitation is:
A pretreatment unit is required before entry of the up-flow type sewage bed reaction tank group.
Baffles were not provided in any of the units for the smooth movement of wastewater.
There is no provision for sludge generation and digestion in any units.
Not a compact system with preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
There is no floating assembly to support the floating plants and installation of curled hanging ropes. The chamber doesn’t provide successive anaerobic and aerobic zone.
Pipes arrangements are used only for flow control, not providing smooth flow, entrapment of floating matter, and not preventing dead zones from forming at the corners of the chambers.

Reference may be made to Lihua Cui, et al. J Environmental Management, 153, Pages 33-39, 15 April 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.01.035 which recites four different types of Constructed wetlands. Horizontal baffle flow, Vertical baffle flow, Hybrid baffle flow, Horizontal subsurface flow are four types of baffles used in invention. Each wetland contains each specific baffle type. Yellow flower canna (C. indica) is used as aquatic plant. Further N and P contents and efficiency of each baffle type is calculated.
However, the limitation is:
The flow pattern is horizontal and vertical composite flow mean sinusoidal (downward and upward), but up-flow has better efficiency in retaining suspended solids.
Media plays an essential role in filtration and providing the surface for microbial growth. Still, there is no preliminary and primary treatment before wastewater treatment using curl hanging ropes and plants. This may clog the wetland system, while the present invention’s UFSCW system comprises preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank.
Not a compact system with preliminary, primary and secondary treatment in a single tank. An Anaerobic baffled rector is required for the primary treatment.
It has an operational constraint due to the overgrowing of the plant root in filter media, ultimately leading to choking.
There is no provision for sludge generation and digestion in any units.

In short, it may be summarized that the concept of using different wetland media, plants, and baffled arrangements is known, flow pattern as vertical composite flow (upward and downward) and up-flow type biological enhanced anti-blocking artificial wetland system is also known. However, an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland (UFSCW) is a unique type of constructed wetland consisting of various treatments as preliminary settling cum oil removal, primary anaerobic and aerobic baffled sedimentation cum treatment of organic and nutrient through Bio-Phyto remediation in a single tank. Wherein the direction of wastewater flow is up-flow irrespective of whether the arrangement of curled hanging ropes in floating assembly acts as a velocity reducer which enhances the physical treatment (sedimentation) and supports attached and suspended growth of micro-organisms for biological treatment is not known.
Thus, keeping in view the drawbacks associated with the hitherto reported prior art, the inventors of the present invention realized that there is a dire need to provide an Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) to treat domestic wastewater generated from households and small communities, wherein the UFSCW provides up-flow of wastewater for bio and phyto remediation in a single unit; wherein the treated water from the UFSCW requires minor secondary treatment for further reuse in various applications, wherein it can be clubbed with existing conventional and constructed wetland (CW) treatment technologies as a primary cum secondary treatment unit; and wherein the system uses a combination of physical and biological processes in a single unit to treat organic and nutrients in the wastewater; with minimum energy requirement to feed wastewater in UFSCW such that it is a sustainable system using locally available materials and wetland plant species.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The main objective of the present invention is to provide an Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) which obviates the drawbacks of the hitherto reported prior art.
Another objective of a UFSCW is to treat wastewater/sewage in a single tank, allowing for the treatment of wastewater generated by households and small communities.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to convert wastewater into reusable treated water, which can be used for a variety of purposes such as gardening, floriculture, road washing, flushing, etc., to achieve the concept of zero liquid discharge from homes and small communities.
Still, another objective of the present invention is to provide a UFSCW, which works on the up-flow movement of wastewater in the entire system. The system consists of a preliminary settling cum oil removal chamber and a primary aerobic and anaerobic baffled sedimentation chamber. For secondary treatment, the chambers are fitted with an assembly that carries floating plants and curled hanging ropes to enhance sedimentation and treatment.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide a UFSCW wherein the preliminary (settling cum oil removal), primary (sedimentation), and secondary (phyto and bioremediation) units are all performed in a single treatment unit.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide a compact, portable and mobile UFSCW with ease of installation and low operation & maintenance with a minimum electricity requirement.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) is a unique approach for wastewater treatment in a single decentralized unit with the concept of up-flow movement of wastewater and its contact with curled hanging ropes and root zone of floating plants. UFSCW has a single treatment unit with multiple chambers for enhanced sedimentation with Bio and Phyto remediation. Each chamber of UFSCW provides uniform up-flow movement of the wastewater through the baffle and concave end sill flow stagger arrangement. UFSCW enhances wastewater treatment through anaerobic and aerobic methods in a single chamber and anaerobic digestion of accumulated sludge in the bottom. This newly designed and developed UFSCW can be clubbed with existing conventional and constructed wetland (CW) treatment technologies as a primary enhanced sedimentation and partially secondary treatment in a single system.

The present invention provides an “Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) for enhanced sedimentation, treatment of wastewater and its mechanism thereof”. It is a sustainable system using locally available materials and wetland plant species. The household sewage can be treated with the present invention and the treated effluent can be reused with minimum secondary or polishing treatment.
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) is a unique Constructed wetland consisting of various treatment as preliminary settling cum oil removal, primary anaerobic and aerobic baffled sedimentation cum secondary treatment of organic and nutrient through bio-phyto remediation in a single treatment unit.

In yet another embodiment, the entire system works on the principle of up-flow movement of wastewater with the provision of baffles and concave end sill (CES) stagger. Up-flow of wastewater provides more contact of suspended and dissolved matter with microbes on the curled hanging ropes and the different plant's root heights for enhanced sedimentation and treatment.

In still another embodiment, the present invention UFSCW provides a Concave End Sill flow stagger below the hanging baffles of each chamber to provide uniform up-flow movement of wastewater. It also facilitates sludge accumulation in the bottom with the least disturbances due to the up-flow movement of wastewater.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention UFSCW provides an Up-flow movement of wastewater that comes in contact with attached and suspended growth microbes on the curled hanging ropes and on the roots of floating plants. This mechanism enhances the entrapment of floating matter (especially scum and oils) on the top surface. Each chamber has a floating assembly to support the floating plants and curled hanging ropes.

Still another embodiment, the root zone of plants, also encourages the growth of micro-organisms, which uptakes the organic and nutrients from wastewater. It also works as a velocity reducer with respect to suspended solids.

In another embodiment, the present invention UFSCW provides successive anaerobic and aerobic zones. The holes and plant box also facilitate aeration from the top portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides a UFSCW with three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes to smoothly transfer wastewater from the first chamber to the next chamber. Pipes with telescopic and syphonic J-bends ensure the entrapment of floating matter (oils, emulsions) and prevent dead zones from forming at the corners of the chambers.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides easy installation and low operation & maintenance with minimum electricity requirement.

In still another embodiment, the present invention provides a UFSCW, which is compact, portable and mobile.

In another embodiment, the present invention provides an Up-flow floating surface constructed wetland (UFSCW) comprising a rectangular unit with three chambers, an arrangement of baffles and a floating assembly with curled hanging ropes and wetland plants as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; wherein the sewage/wastewater enters from the wastewater inlet (1) through a pipe and flows into the chamber - 1 (2), which is the first chamber, then flows down after striking the hanging baffle (3); being placed at a distance away from the inlet pipe; the bottom part being left open to allow wastewater to move upward (Up-flow) to a concave end sill flow stagger (4) placed below the hanging baffles of each chamber providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater; wherein it comes in contact with microbes attached and suspended on the curled hanging ropes (5) and on the roots of floating plants (6); wherein each chamber being provided with a floating assembly (7) to support the floating plants and installation of curled hanging ropes, comprising holes and plant box (8) facilitating aeration and holding the wetland plants (9) from the top portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition; further connected to a pipe for drawing oil from the tank through the oil and grease removal valve (10); the excessive wastewater entering chamber-1 being drained out through an overflow valve (11); wherein the anaerobic zone in the chamber treats wastewater and accumulated sludge in the bottom of the sludge zone (12) in the absence of oxygen; the digested sludge being removed by the sludge valve (13) from all the chambers; provided with three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) to transfer wastewater smoothly from the first chamber to the next chamber; wherein the chambers being separated by partition walls (15); and wherein similar processes occur in chamber – 2 (16) and chamber – 3 (17), focusing more on biological treatment and nutrient uptake; wherein the outflow of chamber – 3 is the treated water outlet (18) at the top of the tank.
In another embodiment, the present invention provides an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit, wherein it comprises attached hanging baffles (3) arrangement in UFSCW providing up-flow movement of wastewater.
In still another embodiment, the present invention provides an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit, wherein it comprises a Conclave End Sill (CES) (4) flow stagger below the hanging baffle providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing the bottom accumulated sludge in the chamber.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit, wherein it comprises a floating assembly (7) that carries a variety of wetland plants with varying root zone lengths for phyto and bio- remediation at different layers of wastewater.
In still another embodiment, the present invention provides an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit, wherein it comprises an arrangement of curled hanging ropes (5) in a floating assembly acting as a velocity reducer which enhances sedimentation and supports attached as well as suspended growth of micro-organism for treatment of wastewater.
In yet another embodiment, the present invention provides an up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit, wherein it comprises a telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) arrangement for the separation of floatable matter and smooth flow of wastewater at a different depth between the chambers

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS
In the drawings accompanying the specification;
Figure 1 shows the plan (X_1 X_1^') and section views (Y_1 Y_1^',Y_2 Y_2^') of UFSCW with floating assembly (plants and curled hanging ropes).
Figure 2 shows the plan and section of UFSCW without floating assembling and wastewater at the section (X_2 X_2^') and ?(Y?_3 Y_3^',Y_4 Y_4^') respectively.

Item No. 1 illustates the wastewater inlet;
Item No. 2 illustates the chamber – 1;
Item No. 3 illustates the hanging baffle;
Item No. 4 illustates the Concave End Sill flow stagger;
Item No. 5 illustates the curled hanging ropes;
Item No. 6 illustates the roots of floating plants;
Item No. 7 illustates the floating assembly;
Item No. 8 illustates the plant box;
Item No. 9 illustates the wetland plant;
Item No. 10 illustates the oil and grease removal valve;
Item No. 11 illustates the overflow valve;
Item No. 12 illustates the sludge zone;
Item No. 13 illustates the sludge valve;
Item No. 14 illustates the telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes;
Item No. 15 illustates the partition wall;
Item No. 16 illustates the chamber – 2;
Item No. 17 illustates the chamber – 3;
Item No. 18 illustates the treated water outlet.

DETAILS OF BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES USED IN THE INVENTION
Biological resources used in the UFSCW system developed in the present invention are wetland plant species, namely Cannaceae, Colocasia and Cyperus alternifolius. These wetland plant species are available in the campus of CSIR-NEERI, Nehru Marg, Nagpur – 440020, Maharashtra and are readily available anywhere in India. Curled hanging ropes are also easily available in the local markets of India.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides an Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) for enhanced sedimentation, treatment of wastewater and its mechanism thereof.

Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW)
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) is a unique constructed wetland consisting of various treatment as preliminary settling cum oil removal, primary anaerobic and aerobic baffled sedimentation cum treatment of organic and nutrient through bio-phyto remediation. The entire system works on the principle of up-flow movement of wastewater with the provision of baffles and Concave End Sill (CES) stagger. Up-flow movement of wastewater provides more contact of suspended and dissolved matter with microbes on the curled hanging ropes and on the different plant's root heights for enhanced sedimentation and treatment.

Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) is fabricated within a rectangular unit with three chambers and an arrangement of baffles. In Figure 1, the sewage/wastewater enters from the wastewater inlet (1) through a pipe and flows into chamber - 1 (2), which is the first chamber. Wastewater flows downward after striking the hanging baffle (3). The hanging baffle is placed at a distance away from the inlet pipe and the bottom part is left open to allow wastewater to move upward (Up-flow). Concave End Sill flow stagger (4) below the hanging baffles of each chamber provides uniform up-flow movement of wastewater. It also facilitates sludge accumulation in the bottom by reducing turbulences due to the up-flow movement of wastewater. Up-flow movement of wastewater comes in contact with attached and suspended growth microbes on the curled hanging ropes (5) and on the roots of floating plants (6). This mechanism enhances the entrapment of floating matter (especially scum and oils) on the top surface. Each chamber is provided with a floating assembly (7) to support the floating plants and curled hanging ropes. The chambers provide successive anaerobic zones in the bottom portion and aerobic zone in the top section of UFSCW. The holes and plant box (8) also facilitate aeration and hold the wetland plant (9) from the top portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition. The plants provide a combination of phyto and bioremediation, which uptakes nutrients from the wastewater and decomposes organic matter through their root zone micro-organisms. Curled hanging ropes offer a surface that allows efficient microbial growth, accelerating organic decomposition. While the wastewater can reach close to the top surface of chamber 1 to retain the oil and grease. There is a pipe for drawing oil from the tank through the oil and grease removal valve (10). If excessive wastewater enters chamber-1, it drains out through an overflow valve (11). Curled hanging ropes and varied root heights of plants also act as velocity reducers by creating hindrances in the path of suspended particles by the up-flow movement of wastewater, thereby increasing the gravitational settling of suspended solids in the first chamber. The anaerobic zone in the chamber also treats wastewater and accumulated sludge in the bottom of the sludge zone (12) in the absence of oxygen. The digested sludge can be removed by the sludge valve (13) from all the chambers. Three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) transfer wastewater smoothly from the first chamber to the next chamber. Pipes with telescopic and syphonic J-bends ensure the entrapment of floating matter (oils, emulsions) and prevent dead zones from forming at the corners of the chambers. The chambers are separated by partition walls (15). Similar processes occur in chamber – 2 (16) and chamber – 3 (17), focusing more on biological treatment and nutrient uptake. The outflow of chamber – 3 is the treated water outlet (18) at the top of the tank. UFSCW is compact, portable and mobile, making it easy to install and clean.

In Figure 2. Without floating assembling, the sewage/wastewater enters from the wastewater inlet (1) through a pipe and flows into chamber - 1 (2), which is the first chamber. Wastewater flows downward after striking the hanging baffle (3). The hanging baffle is placed at a distance away from the inlet pipe and the bottom part is left open to allow wastewater to move upward (Up-flow). Concave End Sill flow stagger (4) below the hanging baffle of chamber-1 provides uniform up-flow movement of wastewater. While the wastewater can reach close to the top surface of chamber-1 to retain the oil and grease. There is a pipe for drawing oil from the tank through the oil and grease removal valve (10). If excessive wastewater enters chamber-1, it drains out through an overflow valve (11). The gravitational settling of suspended solids occurs at the bottom of chamber-1, which is known as sludge. After digestion, the sludge is removed by a sludge removal valve (13). The arrangement of three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) smoothly transfers wastewater from chamber-1 to the next chamber-2. The chambers are separated by partition walls (15). Similar processes occur in the chamber-2 (16) and chamber- 3 (17). The outflow of chamber-3 has a treated water outlet (18) at the top of the tank.
EXAMPLES
The following examples are given by way of illustration only and therefore should not be construed to limit the scope of the present invention in any manner.
The present invention Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) for enhanced sedimentation, treatment of wastewater and mechanism thereof is explained Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 shows the plan (X_1 X_1^') and section views (Y_1 Y_1^',Y_2 Y_2^') of UFSCW with floating assembly (plants and curled hanging ropes) and wastewater movement. Figure 2 shows the plan and section of UFSCW without floating assembling and wastewater movement at the section (X_2 X_2^') and ?(Y?_3 Y_3^',Y_4 Y_4^') respectively.

In Figure 1 and Figure 2, the UFSCW consists of a rectangular unit comprising three chambers with baffles. Wastewater enters through the inlet (1), flowing into chamber-1 (2), where it moves downward with hanging baffles (3) and undergoes up-flow. The Concave End Sill flow stagger (4) beneath the hanging baffles ensures uniform movement of wastewater and reduces turbulence. Wastewater interacts with microbes on curled hanging ropes (5) and on plant roots (6), trapping floating matter. Each chamber has a floating assembly (7) supporting wetland plants and curled hanging ropes, creating anaerobic and aerobic zones. Plant boxes (8) aid aeration, promoting aerobic decomposition. Curled hanging ropes and wetland plants (9) facilitate microbial growth, expediting organic decomposition. Oil and grease are retained in chamber-1, extracted through an oil and grease removal valve (10), and excess water drains via an overflow valve (11). Curled hanging ropes and varying plant heights act as velocity reducers, enhancing gravitational settling. Anaerobic zones in the bottom of UFSCW treat wastewater and sludge, the digested sludge accumulates in the sludge zone (12) and is removed through a sludge removal valve (13). Telescopic J-bend pipes (14) transfer wastewater between chambers, preventing dead zones and flow uniformity. The chambers are separated by partition walls (15). Similar processes occur in chamber-2 (16) and chamber-3 (17), focusing on biological treatment. Treated water exits from chamber-3 (18). All units are detachable for easy cleaning.

The present invention “Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) for enhanced sedimentation, treatment of wastewater and mechanism thereof” is a unique constructed wetland consisting of various treatment as preliminary settling cum oil removal, primary anaerobic and aerobic baffled sedimentation cum treatment of organic and nutrient through bio-phyto remediation. The entire system works on the principle of up-flow movement of wastewater with the provision of baffles and concave end sill (CES) stagger. Up-flow movement of wastewater provides more contact of suspended and dissolved matter with microbes on the curled hanging ropes and on the different plant's root heights for enhanced sedimentation and treatment.

a) Hanging baffles arrangement – Wastewater enters the first chamber through the inlet pipe and proceeds to flow downward with the help of the attached baffles. In UFSCW, the baffled bottom section is open to a certain depth and the support is attached to the side wall. Each chamber has a hanging baffle for diverting wastewater movement in the downward direction. Then, a concave end sill stagger helps in the up-flow movement of wastewater in the chamber.
A hanging baffle arrangement in UFSCW assists with the up-flow movement of wastewater and increases the flow path of wastewater in the chamber, which helps to settle suspended solids.

b) Conclave End Sill (CES) flow stagger - Wastewater flows downward direction with the help of hanging baffles and establishing the Concave End Sill (CES) flow stagger below the hanging baffles of each chamber provides uniform up-flow movement of wastewater. After striking the wastewater with a concave end sill, immediately change the wastewater flow direction to upward and the suspended solids velocity decreases. It also facilitates sludge accumulation in the bottom with reduced turbulence due to up-flowing wastewater. The anaerobic zone in the bottom of the chamber also treats wastewater and accumulated sludge in the bottom in the absence of oxygen gets digested. The digested sludge can be removed by a valve from all the chambers. Conclave End Sill (CES) flow staggers provide uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing bottom sludge accumulation.

c) Floating assembly – Wastewater rises after striking the concave end sill stagger and moves upward towards the floating assembly. Each chamber is provided with a floating assembly to support the floating plants and installation of curled hanging ropes. The chambers provide successive anaerobic and aerobic zones. The holes and plant box also facilitate aeration from the top opening portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition. The plants offer a combination of phyto and bioremediation, which uptakes nutrients from the wastewater and decomposes organic matter through root zone micro-organism. Curled hanging ropes provide a surface that allows efficient microbial growth, accelerating organic decomposition. Curled hanging ropes and varied root heights of plants also act as velocity reducers by creating hindrances in the path of suspended particles by the up-flow movement of wastewater, thereby increasing the gravitational settling of suspended solids in the first chamber. Curled hanging ropes in UFSCW reduce the velocity of wastewater as part of the wastewater treatment process. To treat organic wastewater, curled hanging ropes encourage the growth of microorganisms attached to the ropes and being in suspension. The root zone of plants also promotes the growth of microorganisms which uptakes the organic and nutrients from wastewater. It also works as a velocity reducer with respect to suspended solids.

d) Telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes arrangement – Up-flow wastewater rises to the top of the surface of the chamber and is transferred to the second chamber with the help of telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes arrangement. J-bend pipes ensure the entrapment of floating matters (oils, emulsion, etc.) and restrict the formation of dead zones in the chamber. Telescopic and symphonic J-bend also provide a smooth wastewater flow between the chambers. Due to telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes, minimum floating matters are expected in the second chamber, but in any condition, the floating matter does not enter the third chamber, rendering efficient removal including oils, grease, emulsion and suspended particles. Telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes provide separation of floating matter and smooth wastewater flow at different depths between the chambers.

The invention thus provides:
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) with up-flow movement of wastewater in a single unit with three chambers assembly.
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) with a unique attached hanging baffles arrangement in UFSCW to provide up-flow movement of wastewater.
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) with a unique Conclave End Sill (CES) flow stagger below the hanging baffle that provides uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing the bottom accumulated sludge.
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) with a unique arrangement of curled hanging ropes in a floating assembly that acts as a velocity reducer, which enhances sedimentation and supports attached as well as suspended growth of microorganisms for treatment of wastewater.
Up-flow Floating Surface Constructed Wetland (UFSCW) with unique telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes arrangement for the separation of floatable matter and smooth flow of wastewater at different depths between the chambers.
ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
UFSCW provides up-flow movement of wastewater for enhanced sedimentation with the function of aerobic and anaerobic treatment in a single unit.
UFSCW divides into separate chambers and each chamber contains a floating assembly with plants and curled hanging ropes for enhanced primary and secondary treatment.
Curled hanging ropes in UFSCW enhance sedimentation and treatment by hindering the up-flow movement of wastewater as a velocity reducer.
Curled hanging ropes encourage the attached and suspended growth of micro-organisms for the treatment of wastewater.
The root zone of plants also encourages the growth of micro-organisms, which uptake the nutrients and decompose the organic matter from the wastewater. It also works as a velocity reducer with respect to suspended solids.
Concave End Sill (CES) flow stagger below the hanging baffle provides uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing the accumulated sludge.
UFSCW provides sedimentation and sludge digestion in a single unit.
Telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes for separating floating matter and smooth wastewater flow at varying depths.
Minimum requirement of electricity to feed the wastewater in UFSCW.
UFSCW is compact, portable and mobile.
No mechanical units are required.
Easy operation and maintenance.
,CLAIMS:We Claim:
1. Up-flow floating surface constructed wetland (UFSCW) comprising a rectangular unit with three chambers, an arrangement of baffles and a floating assembly with curled hanging ropes and wetland plants as illustrated in Figures 1 and 2; wherein the sewage/wastewater enters from the wastewater inlet (1) through a pipe and flows into the chamber - 1 (2), which is the first chamber, then flows down after striking the hanging baffle (3); being placed at a distance away from the inlet pipe; the bottom part being left open to allow wastewater to move upward (Up-flow) to a concave end sill flow stagger (4) placed below the hanging baffles of each chamber providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater; wherein it comes in contact with microbes attached and suspended on the curled hanging ropes (5) and on the roots of floating plants (6); wherein each chamber being provided with a floating assembly (7) to support the floating plants and installation of curled hanging ropes, comprising holes and plant box (8) facilitating aeration and holding the wetland plants (9) from the top portion of UFSCW, enhancing its aerobic decomposition; further connected to a pipe for drawing oil from the tank through the oil and grease removal valve (10); the excessive wastewater entering chamber-1 being drained out through an overflow valve (11); wherein the anaerobic zone in the chamber treats wastewater and accumulated sludge in the bottom of the sludge zone (12) in the absence of oxygen; the digested sludge being removed by the sludge valve (13) from all the chambers; provided with three telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) to transfer wastewater smoothly from the first chamber to the next chamber; wherein the chambers being separated by partition walls (15); and wherein similar processes occur in chamber – 2 (16) and chamber – 3 (17), focusing more on biological treatment and nutrient uptake; wherein the outflow of chamber – 3 is the treated water outlet (18) at the top of the tank.
2. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises attached hanging baffles (3) arrangement in UFSCW providing up-flow movement of wastewater.
3. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a Conclave End Sill (CES) (4) flow stagger below the hanging baffle providing uniform up-flow movement of wastewater without disturbing the bottom accumulated sludge in the chamber.
4. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a floating assembly (7) that carries a variety of wetland plants with varying root zone lengths for phyto and bio- remediation at different layers of wastewater.
5. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises an arrangement of curled hanging ropes (5) in a floating assembly acting as a velocity reducer which enhances sedimentation and supports attached as well as suspended growth of micro-organism for treatment of wastewater.
6. The up-flow floating surface constructed wetland treatment unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises a telescopic and syphonic J-bend pipes (14) arrangement for the separation of floatable matter and smooth flow of wastewater at a different depth between the chambers.
Dated this 7th day of March 2024.
Digitally signed by
Dr Shikha Rastogi
Senior Principal Scientist
IPU, CSIR