The present invention relates to the prevention and / or reduction of metal losses of parts of an engine, in particular a marine engine. More particularly, the present invention relates to the prevention and / or reduction of metal losses parts of a marine engine due to the contact of these parts with an acid medium.

The present invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricant composition to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, in particular a marine engine.

The present invention also relates to a method for preventing and / or reducing losses of metal parts of an engine, in particular a marine engine wherein said parts are contacted with one or more fatty amines soluble in a composition lubricating.

The combustion of fuels generates acid gas formation, particularly sulfur oxides (S0 2 , S0 3 ). These acid gases are between other part of the combustion residues of fuel oils; these residues are in contact with lubricating oil, and therefore are also in contact with the engine parts. In contact with the moisture present in the combustion gases and / or the lubricating oil, these acidic gases are hydrolyzed in sulfurous acid (HS0 3 ) or sulfuric (H 2 S0 4 ), which in turn are in contact with engine parts.

In the case of marine engines, including marine two-cycle engines, the lubricating oils are classified into two categories: on the one hand cylinder oils, ensuring the lubrication of the piston cylinder, and the other system oils, ensuring lubrication of all moving parts other than those of the piston cylinder. Specifically, it is within the piston cylinder as combustion residues containing acid gases are in contact with the lubricating oil.

Generally, the neutralizing of these acids is effected by reaction with the basic sites included in the lubricant. The neutralization capacity of an oil is measured by its BN or Base Number, characterizing its basicity. It is measured according to ASTM D 2896 and is expressed as equivalent weight of potassium hydroxide per gram of oil or mg KOH / g of oil. The BN is a conventional criterion for adjusting the basicity of the cylinder oils to the sulfur content of the fuel used, to neutralize all of the sulfur contained in the

fuel, and capable of being transformed into sulfuric acid by combustion and hydrolysis.

Specifically, marine oils available on the market have a BN varying from 5 to 130 mg KOH / g of oil. This basicity is provided by including detergents are overbased with insoluble metal salts, including metal carbonates. Detergents, primarily anionic type, for example metal soaps of salicylate, phenate, sulfonate, carboxylate, ... which form micelles in which the particles of insoluble metal salts are maintained in suspension. Overbased detergents have intrinsically a conventional BN conventionally between 150 and 700 mg of potash per gram of detergent.

Portions BN may also be provided by non-overbased detergents or "neutral" BN typically less than 150 mg of potash per gram of detergent.

Nevertheless, the Applicant has found that during the combustion of fuel oil, neutral detergents and / or overbased present in the lubricating composition is deteriorated and therefore chemically formed ash, also called residues or deposits favored soiling engine including the marine engine.

To reduce the ash content formed during the combustion of fuel, the Applicant has replaced some detergents bringing the entire BN of the lubricant composition by bringing the compounds BN and form no or little ash upon combustion of fuel. The Applicant has therefore developed lubricating compositions wherein one part detergents bringing the BN of the lubricant composition is replaced with amino compounds.

WO 2009/153453 discloses a lubricating composition for a cylinder having a BN greater than or equal to 40 milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of lubricant and comprising a base oil, a detergent based on alkali metals or alkaline earth overbased metal carbonate salts , a neutral detergent and a fatty amine and / or secondary amine in the oil-soluble fatty of having a BN of between 150 and 600 milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of lubricant.

WO 2014/180843 discloses a lubricating composition for a cylinder having a BN greater than or equal to 50 milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of lubricant comprising a base oil, a detergent based on alkali metals or alkaline earth overbased metal carbonate salts, a neutral detergent and a fatty amine mixture having four amine units.

EP 2 486 1 13 describes a lubricating oil composition for marine engine comprising a monoamine comprising a base oil, a detergent and a monoamine disubstituted by a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms.

In the continuity of his research, the Applicant has surprisingly found that the amino compounds, usually used to replace a portion of the BN of the lubricant composition while reducing the rate of ash formed during the combustion of fuel oil, also prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, in particular a marine engine, when they are in contact with acids from the combustion of fuel oil.

Thus, the Applicant Company has found that the use of one or more soluble fatty amine in a lubricating composition,

the fatty amine is selected from:

- the compounds of formula (I):

Ri-[(NR2)-R3]m-NR4R5,

in which,

· R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising one or more atom (s) atoms, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably the oxygen,

• m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably is selected from 1, 2 or 3, or

- a mixture of fatty polyalkylamines polyalkylamines comprising one or more of formulas (III) and / or (IV):

in which

• R, identical or different, represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

• n and z, independently of one another represent 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

• when z is greater than 0, o and p, independently of one another represent 0, 1, 2 or 3,

said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or derivatives thereof, or

- mixtures of fatty amines of formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV),

can prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine.

Fatty amines of formula (I) are included in a lubricant composition are known as such in WO 2009/153453 and WO 2014/180843 filed by the Applicant. We have now discovered a new use of these fatty amines.

A first object of the invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricant composition to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine,

the fatty amine is selected from:

- the compounds of formula (I):

Rr[(NR2)-R3]m-NR4R 'l5,

in which,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising one or more atom (s) atoms, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably the oxygen,

• m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably is selected from 1, 2 or 3; or

- a mixture of fatty di-alkyl polyalkylamines comprising one or more polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV):

in which

• R, identical or different, represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

· N and z represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

• when z is greater than 0, o and p represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3,

said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or derivatives thereof; or

- a mixture of fatty amines of formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV).

Without being bound by theory, the Applicant has surprisingly observed that the fatty amines of the invention allow not only to bring the organic BN in the lubricating composition while bringing no or little ash upon combustion of oil but also prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of engine parts, particularly in a marine engine, when they are brought into contact with acid from the combustion of fuel oil. More specifically, the Applicant has unexpectedly discovered that these soluble fatty amine in a lubricating composition in the presence of a large excess of sulfuric acid it possible to reduce and / or reduce the metal losses parts directly in contact with said lubricating composition and the large excess of sulfuric acid. This limitation and / or reduction of metal loss parts is probably due to the passivation of all or part of the surface of metal parts by the said fatty amines.

Within the meaning of the invention, the term "metal loss of parts of an engine" metal losses from the attack of such parts by acids and non-metallic friction losses generated by a metal workpiece to a other.

Preferably, when the fatty amine is of formula (I):

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and / or

· R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom; a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably between 14 and 22 carbon atoms, more preferably between 16 and 22 carbon atoms; or a (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising at least 2 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4, and / or · R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.

More preferably, when the fatty amine is of formula (I):

· M is 1, 2 or 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

· R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,

• R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms,

• R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom.

Advantageously, when the fatty amine is of formula (I)

• m is 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,

• R 3 is ethyl or propyl,

· R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom.

More preferably, when the fatty amine is of formula (I):

• m is 1, 2 or 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms,

• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear, comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q representing an integer between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4,

• R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.

Advantageously, when the fatty amine is of formula (I):

• m is 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms,

• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear, comprising between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q representing an integer between 1 and 4,

• R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group.

According to a particular embodiment of the invention, the fatty amine using formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV) allows to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses coins in a marine engine, two stroke or four stroke when burning any type of fuel.

Preferably the fatty amine using formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV) allows to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts in the hot parts including the piston and ring-shirt area (SPC), a marine engine, two stroke or four stroke, during the combustion of any type of fuel oil.

Preferably, the oil has a sulfur content of less than 3.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the oil.

Detailed description of the invention.

fatty amine

An object of the invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricant composition to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine,

the fatty amine is selected from:

- the compounds of formula (I):

Ri-[(NR2)-R3]m-NR4R5,

in which,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

· R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising one or more atom (s) carbon,

and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen,

• m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably is selected from 1, 2 or 3; or

- a mixture of fatty di-alkyl polyalkylamines comprising one or more polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV):

in which

• R, identical or different, represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

· N and z represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

• when z is greater than 0, o and p represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3,

said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or derivatives thereof; or

- a mixture of fatty amines of formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV).

Preferably, another object of the invention relates to the use of one or more soluble fatty amine in a lubricating composition for preventing and / or

reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine, the fatty amine is of formula (I):

Ri-[(NR2)-R3]m-NR4R5,

in which,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising one or more atom (s) atoms, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably the oxygen, m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably is selected from 1, 2 or 3.

Preferably, another object of the invention relates to the use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricant composition to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine, the fatty amine is a mixture of fatty polyalkylamines polyalkylamines comprising one or more of formulas (III) and / or (IV):

(III),

in which

• R, identical or different, represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

• n and z represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

• when z is greater than 0, o and p represent, independently of one another, 0, 1, 2 or 3,

said mixture comprising at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or derivatives thereof.

By "fatty amine" according to the invention means an amine of formula (I),

(III) or (IV) comprising one or more hydrocarbon groups, saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably oxygen.

By "several fatty amines" according to the invention means a mixture of fatty amines having at least one fatty amine is of formula (I), (III) and / or

CLAIMS

Use of one or more fatty amines soluble in a lubricant composition to prevent and / or reduce the metal losses of parts of an engine, preferably a marine engine,

the fatty amine is selected from:

- The compounds of formula (I):

i-[(NR2)-R3]m-NR4R5,

in which,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising at least 12 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated hydrocarbon group or unsaturated, linear or branched, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, straight or branched, comprising one or more atom (s) atoms, and optionally comprising at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, preferably the oxygen,

• m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 10, more preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably is selected from 1, 2 or 3; or

- a mixture of one or more polyalkylamines of formulas (III) and / or (IV):

in which

• R, identical or different, represents an alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms,

• n and z, independently of one another represent 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

• when z is greater than 0, o and p, independently of one another represent 0, 1, 2 or 3,

said at least 3% by weight of branched compounds such that at least one of n or z is greater than or equal to 1, or derivatives thereof; or

- a mixture of fatty amines of formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV).

2. Use according to claim 1, wherein:

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 22 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen, and / or

• R 2 , R 4 or R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom; a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched comprising from 1 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably between 14 and 22 carbon atoms, more preferably between 16 and 22 carbon atoms; or a (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising at least 2 carbon atoms, preferably from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q represents an integer greater than or equal to 1, preferably between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4, and / or · R 3 represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.

Use according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein:

• m is 1, 2 or 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom selected from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,

• R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms,

• R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom.

Use according to claim 3, wherein:

• m is 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 14 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably from 16 to 20 carbon atoms, and optionally at least one heteroatom from nitrogen, sulfur or oxygen,

• R 2 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a saturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 16 to 18 carbon atoms,

• R 3 is ethyl or propyl,

• R 4 and R 5 represent a hydrogen atom.

Use according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein:

• m is 1, 2 or 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms,

• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear, comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, more preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q representing an integer between 1 and 6, more preferably between 1 and 4,

• R 3 represents a saturated and linear alkyl group comprising between 2 and 6 carbon atoms, preferably between 2 and 4 carbon atoms.

Use according to claim 5, wherein:

• m is 3,

• R represents a saturated or unsaturated alkyl group, linear or branched, comprising from 14 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 16 to 20 carbon atoms,

• R 2 , R 4 and R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a group (R 6 -0) q -H wherein R 6 is a saturated alkyl group, linear, comprising between 2 and 4 carbon atoms and q representing an integer between 1 and 4,

• R 3 represents an ethyl or propyl group.

Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyalkylamines mixture of formulas (III) and / or (IV) comprises at least 5% by weight of compounds having a pure linear structure.

Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixing formulas of polyalkylamines (III) and / or (IV) comprises at least 4%, preferably at least 5%, preferably at least 6%, preferably more 7%, preferably more than 7.5%, preferably more than 10%,

preferably more than 20% by weight of branched compounds such as at least n or z is greater than or equal to 1.

9. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the polyalkylamines mixture of formulas (III) and / or (IV) comprises at least polyalkylamines formulas (III) and / or (IV) such that when n, o, p and z are not equal to 0, they are equal to 1 or 2, preferably, they are equal one.

10. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixing formulas of polyalkylamines (III) and / or (IV) comprises at least polyalkylamines formulas (III) and / or (IV) in which n, o , p and z are independently 0, 1 or 2, preferably they are independently 0 or 1.

11. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixing formulas of polyalkylamines (III) and / or (IV) comprises at least polyalkylamines formulas (III) and / or (IV) and derivatives thereof for which n, o, p and z are independently 0, 1 or 2, preferably they are independently 0 or 1.

12. Use according to any preceding claim, wherein the mixture of fatty amines of formulas (I), (III) and / or (IV) is from 0.1 to 15%, preferably 0.5 to 10%, preferably from 0.5 to 8%, or 3 to 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.

13. Use according to any preceding claim for preventing and / or reducing metal losses coins in a marine engine, two stroke or four stroke upon combustion of any type of fuel oil.

14. Use according to any preceding claim, for preventing and / or reducing metal losses of parts in the hot parts, such as SPC area, a marine engine, two stroke or four stroke, during combustion of any type of fuel.

15. Use according to any preceding claim wherein the fuel oil has a sulfur content of less than 3.5% by weight relative to the total weight of the oil.