FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
{39 of 1970)
&
The Patents Rules, 2003
PROVISIONAL / COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See section 10 and rule 13)
1. TITLE OF THE INVENTION: "USE OF SOLID BIOFUEL FOR GASIFICATION"
2. APPLICANTS) of 926/MUM/2009
(a) NAME: ABELLON CLEANENERGY LIMITED
(b) NATIONALITY: Indian
(c) ADDRESS: 3rd Floor, Sangeeta Complex, Near Parimal Crossing, Ellisbridge,
Ahmedabad- 380 006, GUJARAT, INDIA, Telephone No. : +91-79- 26563331,
Fax No. +91-7926408053,
E-mail:abellon@abelloncleanenergy.com
3. PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRITION
PROVISIONAL COMPLETE
T-fre-following spccificat-ion describes invention The following specification particularly
describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed
4. DESCRIPTION (Description shall start from next page) AS PER ATTACHED SHEET
5. CLAIMS
AS PER ATTACHED SHEET
6. DATE AND SIGNATURE (to be given on the last page of specification)
7. ABSTRACT OF THE INVENTION (to be given along with complete specification on the separate page)
AS PER ATTACHED SHEET
Note:
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Title: Use of solid biofuel for gasification
The present invention relates to use of solid bio-fuel for gasification to produce synthetic natural gas commonly called "syngas" which can be converted to synthetic fuel by chemical process such as by Fisher-Tropsch process or by biological process such as by fermentation by using suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium ljungdahlii.
More particularly solid bio-fuel like pellets, aggregates, agglomerates, granulates, briquettes, compounds or composites of any form with or without binder is prepared from an input material could be one or more, such as but not limited to: one or more of various parts or whole plants belonging to grasses, legume crops, millets, vegetables, fruits, flowering plants, oil crops, spices, hydrophytes, dry land plants and aquatic plants including algae, vegetable and fruit residue, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs. Inputs could also be animal waste, municipal solid waste, hydrophyte plants, as such or in combination with other types of biomass.
Field of Invention:
The present invention relates to use of solid bio-fuel for gasification to produce synthetic natural gas commonly called "syngas" which can be converted to synthetic fuel by chemical process such as by Fisher-Tropsch process or by biological process such as by fermentation by using suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium ljungdahlii.
Conventionally the wood biomass in its natural form used as feedstock. There is a great shift of interest and research on alternative fuel particularly on various biofuel sources bccause of various reasons such as increase in global warming due to green house gases, shortage and increasing prices and so on. Biomass can be defined as all living matter on earth. Typically unprocessed biomass is being used as raw materia! for gasification. But the use of biomass is also not free from associated problems, such as food versus fuel debate, carbon emission levels, and sustainable production, deforestation and soil erosion, impact on water resources. Use of processed biomass such as pellets, briquettes is an effective alternative form of raw material for gasification.
Background of the Invention:
Gasification is a process that converts carbonaceous materials., such as coal, petroleum, or biomass, into carbon monoxide and hydrogen by reacting the raw material at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam. The resulting gas mixture is called "syngas" and is itself a fuel. Gasification is a very efficient method for extracting energy from many different types of organic materials, and also has applications as a clean waste disposal technique.
The advantage of gasification is that using the syngas is potentially more efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel. Syngas may be burned directly in internal combustion engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted via the Fischer-Tropsch process into synthetic fuel. Gasification can also begin with materials that are not otherwise useful fuels, such as biomass or organic waste.
Gasification of fossil fuels is currently widely used on industrial scales to. generate electricity. However, almost any type of organic material can be used as the raw material for gasification, such as wood, biomass, or even plastic waste. Thus, gasification may be an important technology for renewable energy. In particular biomass gasification can be made carbon neutral.
One source, which is receiving considerable attention, is biomass energy. Recently, much attention has been focused on converting these abundant biomass in to fuel pellets. Biomass fuel pellets can provide sufficient heat to be an efficient fuel.
Biomass in its natural form has several constraints such as :
• It decomposes to produce methane, which is about twenty times more active as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
• It has low bulk density and low energy density resulting in difficulty in handling and high transportation cost.
• Its incomplete combustion releases organic particulate matter, carbon monoxide and other organic gases.
Because of reasons mentioned above, use of biomass after processing, such as in form of compact fuel pellets have become a more easier for gasification due to easier handling both for transportation and feeders in the treatment unit. Pretrcatment of chopping and grinding are given to selected materials, which help to formulate pellets with high density, durability, and comfort during process of gasification.
In view of above, it is an object of the present invention to provide biomass based solid bio-fuel for gasification to produce synthetic natural gas commonly called '"syngas'' which can be converted to synthetic liquid fuel by chemical process such as by Fishcr- Tropsch process or by biological process such as by fermentation by using suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium ljungdahlii.
Detail Description of the Invention:
In accordance with the present invention, a system is provided relates to use of solid bio- fuel for gasification to produce synthetic natural gas commonly called "syngas" which can be converted to synthetic liquid fuel by chemical process such as by Fisher-Tropsch process or by biological process such as by fermentation by using suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium ljungdahlii. The said biofuel can be in powder, granules, composites, aggregates, agglomerates, pellets or briquettes of size varying from 1 mm and could be of different color and odor. Further the said pellet can be prepared with or without binder. The binder could be any suitable material such as but not limited to beeswax or resins of plant origin.
The densified energy fuel pellet for gasification is preferably manufactured by first processing the input material to reduce the size to about 10 to 50 mm, by running through shredder, where the input material size is reduced so that about 60 to 70% material is of about 20 mm to 30 mm, 15 to 20% material is of about 10 mm to 20 mm and remaining 15 to 25% material is of about 30 mm to 50 mm in size. The reduced input material is then dried using a three pass Belt Conveyor type Drier, where in material is dried by hot air blown at temperature from about 100 degree centigrade to 200 degree centigrade. Moisture content of dried material is from about 10 wt.% to 12 wt.%. Dry material is passed on to Hammer Mill, in this case RK Hammer Mill Model RKHM 125 from R K Machines, Halol, Gujarat. India, to grind the material to about 2 mm to 3 mm. The powdered material is conveyed to Batch Mixer, if required water ss sprinkled so as to moisten the material. The moist well mixed material is conveycd to Pellet Mill through Conditioner, equipped with multi point steam injection and adjustable paddle for mixing, hot water or steam may be injected to treated material at about 125 degree centigrade to 150 degree centigrade, the pellet mill in this case is Inovo 52-14, from R K Machines, Halol, Gujarat, India, having die of 520 mm inner diameter. 140 mm width and 50 holes of 6 mm diameter. The extruded pellets are cut by adjustable cutter assembly producing pellets of about 6 mm to 10 mm diameter and about 6 mm to 20 mm length. The temperature of extruded pellets is about 50 to 80 degree centigrade, pellets are air cooled in a Counter Flow Cooler, in this case Model RKM I 8 x 18, from R K Machines, Halol, Gujarat, India, and then passed through screen before packing. The preferred moisture content of the final pellet is from about 6% and about 10%, which avoids potential spoilage during extended storage. All these pellets can be used for gasification process and produced syngas production. These pellets can be use gasifier for syngas production, the gasifier in this is RREDA-P-5000. from Radhe Renewable Energy, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Use ofpellts is not limited to updraft gasifier but also can be use in downdraft gasifier, coal gasifier, conventional gasifier, extended shaft gasifier. The produced said pellets were feed in form of batch to the gasifier chamber by manually. At a first step pellets were dried under dry zone at temperature 30°C - !50°C and moisture will convert in to steam. Drying/preheating step is followed by devolatilization/pyrolysis step and produced volatile gases and tar. Further steps followed by oxidation step at 1000 °C - 1200°C in presence of oxygen and carbonized
fuel producing carbon monoxide. Oxidation is followed by reduction at 800° -1100°C in absence of oxygen and producer gas is generated. Ash was collect at ash collection pit at <500°C. In general chemical composition of producer gas is CO (Carbon Monoxide) ; 20 ±2%. CH4 (Methane) : 03 ±1%, H2 (Hydrogen) : 18 ±2%. C02 (Carbon Dioxide) : 10 +2%, N2 (Nitrogen) : Rest, but it also very as per the types of biomass/feedstock use. The producer gas has calorific value 1200 - 1350 Kcal/NM\ out put temperature 200 °C - 250°C. Producer gas further used in to direct combustion or can be converted into synthetic fuel by chemical process such as by Fisher-Tropsch process or by biological process such as by fermentation by using suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium Ijtmgdahlii.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to use biofuel. prepared using such inputs as material from various freshly collected or stored, processed, unprocessed agricultural produce, including vegetables, fruits, one or more parts or whole plants.
Further, such an input material could be one or more, such as but not limited to: .one or more of various parts or whole plants belonging to grasses, legume crops, millets, vegetables, fruits, flowering plants, oil crops, spices, hydrophytes, dry land plants and aquatic plants including algae, vegetable and fruit residue, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs. Inputs could also be animal waste, municipal solid waste.
Further, such an input cou/d be mater/a/ could be one or more, such as but not limited to Saccharum • officinarum leaves, Saccharum officinanim bagasse. Melocanna bambusoides leaves. Melocanna bambusoides stem. Penniseum purpureum leaves, Penniseum purpureum bagasse, Cynodon dactylon cuttings. Cymlmpogon martini stalks. Arachis hypogaea nutshell, Crotolaria juncea stem, O'otolaria jimcea leaves, Crotolaria juncea seeds. Sesbania sesban stalk, Sesbania sesban seeds, Glycine max straw. Glycine max de-oiled cake, Cajamia cajan seed pod, Cajanus cajan stalk, Siser ariemiimum stalk, Orayza saliva husk, Orayza sativa straw, Triticum astivum straw, Zea mayz straw. Zea mayz cob, Pennisetum glaucum stalk, Sorghum bicolar stalk, Solanurn mel'ongena stem, Lycopersicon lycopersicum stem, Abelmoschus esculentus stem. Capsicum annuum stem, Musa sp. stem, Musa sp. leaves, Annona reticulata seeds, Cocas nucifera shell, Cocus nucifera coir, Prunus armeniaca seed coat, Ficus sycomonts fruit fiber. Mangifera indica seeds, Mangifera indica seed coat, Mangifera indica fruit peel, Manilkara hexandra seeds, Prunus persica seeds, Prinus dulci.s seed coat, Pistacia vera seed coat, Phyllanthus indica seeds, Phyllanthus indica fruit fiber, Citrus sinensis peel. Citrus aurantium fruit peel, Olea europaea seed coat, Olea europaea seed cake, Citrus limon pee), Areca catechu seed coat, Anacardium occidentale fruit, Coffea arabica husk, Phoenix dactylifera seeds, Elaeis guineensis seed coat. Elaeis guineensis seed cake. Ziziphus zizyphus seed, Manilkara zapota seeds, Manilkara zapola fruit peel, Gossypium arboreum stalk, Gossypium arboreum seed cake, Jatropha cvrcus seed hull. Jatropha cvrcus seed cake, Ricinus communis stalk, Ricinus communis seed cake. Brasica jimcea straw, Brasica juncea de-oiled cake, Helianthus annuus stalk, Helianlhus annum de-
oiled cake, Sesamttm indicum hull, Sesamum indicum stalk, Carthamus tinctorius stalk, Carthamus tinctorius de-oiled cake, Eichhornia crassipes whole plant, Ipomea aquatica whole plant, Hydrilla verticillata whole plant, Typha latifolia leaves, Typha latifolia stem, Typha latifolia flower, Trapa nutans leaves. Trapa nutans stem. Trapa natans fruit shell, Coclocasia esculenta whole plant, Lemna minor whole plant, Prosopis julijlora stem, Prosopis julijlora twigs, Ipomea camea sp. fistulosa stem, Ipomea carnea sp. jislulosa leaves, Leucaena leucocephala stem, Argemone maxicana whole plant, Cumimim cyminum broken seed, Plantago ovata stalk, Plantago ovata broken seeds, Carum crrvi stem, Elettaria cardamom stem, Capsicum annum stem, Cumimtm cynimum stem, Anethum graveoluns stem, Foeniculam vulgare stem, Trigonella foenum seed pod, Trigonella foenum stem, Allium sativum arial part, Tamhndus indica seed. Curcuma longa arial part, Pimpirella anisum stem, Pimpirella anisum leaf, marine or fresh water microalgae, marine or fresh water macroalgae. vegetable residue, non-edible part of all edible fruits, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs.
Examples: Example 1:
Four batches of biofuel pellets were made using different input materials as per the combinations described in Table 1 below, as per the procedure described in detail description. The input material was weighed out and mixed in Mixer for about 3 to about 5 minutes The well mixed material was steamed and then pelleted, pellets were cooled
and screened to remove any remaining fine material. Pellets were used in gasifier to produced syngas.

Example 2:
Four batches of biofuel pellets were made using Eichhornia crussipes whole, plant, as such and with binder as per the combinations described in 'fable 3 below, as per the procedure described in detail description. The input material was weighed out and mixed in Mixer for about 3 to about 5 minutes The well mixed material was steamed and then pelleted, pellets were cooled and screened to remove any remaining fine material. Pellets were used in gasifier to produced syngas.


We Claim:
1. A method for use of solid biofuel for gasification to produce synthetic natural gas, commonly called "syngas" which can be converted into synthetic fuel by chemical process such as by Fisher-Tropsch process or by biological process such as fermentation by suitable microorganism, such as but not limited to Clostridium ljungdahlii, the said method comprising the following steps,
(a) solid biofuel such as pellets were feed in form of batch to the gasifier chamber by manually;
(b) the pellets were dried under dry zone at temperature 30°C - 150°C and moisture will convert into steam;
(c) drying/preheating step is followed by devolatilization/pyroiysis step and produced volatile gases and tar;
(d) followed by oxidation at 1000 °C 1200°C in presence of oxygen and Garbonized fuel producing carbon monoxide;
(e) followed by reduction at 800° -1I00°C in absence of oxygen to produce producer gas which is not other than synthetic natural gas, commonly called "syngas";
2. A method as claimed in 1 wherein the producer gas. syngas have the chemical composition of CO (Carbon Monoxide) at about 20 =1=2%, CH4 (Methane) at about 03 ±1%, H2 (Hydrogen) at about 18 ±2%, C02 (Carbon Dioxide) at about 10 i-2% and N2 (Nitrogen) the remaining part in the compositions which vary as per the use of different solid biofuel in gasification process.
3. A method as claimed in 1 and 2 wherein the producer gas. syngas has calorific value between 1200 - 1350 Kcal/NM\ at output temperature between 200 H' 250°C.
4. A method as claimed in 1 wherein use of solid biofuel for gasification is not limited to updraft gasifier but also can be used in downdraft gasifier, coal gasifier, conventional gasifier, extended shaft gasifier.
5. A method as claimed in 1 to 5 wherein use of solid biofuel for gasification can be in form of powder, granules, composites, aggregates, agglomerates, pellets or briquettes of size varying from 1 mm and could be of different size, color and odor and as such densified biofuel can be prepared with or without binder and such binder could be any suitable material such as but not limited to beeswax or resins of plant origin.
6. A method as claimed in 6 wherein use of solid biofuel for gasification is prepared using such inputs as material from various freshly collected or stored, processed, unprocessed agricultural produce, including vegetables, fruits, one or more parts or whole plants belonging to grasses, legume crops, millets, vegetables, fruits, flowering plants, oil crops, spices, hydrophytes, dry land plants and aquatic plants including algae, vegetable and fruit residue, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs.
7. A method as claimed in 1 to 6 wherein use of solid biofuel for gasification can be processed and densified animal waste, municipal solid waste.
8. A method as claimed in 1 to 6 wherein use of solid biofuel for gasification can be one or more, such as but not limited to Saccharum qfficinarum leaves. Saccharum officinarum bagasse, Melocanna bambusoides leaves, Melocanna bambusoides stem, Penniseum purpureum leaves, Penniseum purpureum bagasse, Cynodon dactylon cuttings, Cymbopogon martini stalks. Arachis hypogaea nutshell, Crotolaria juncea stem. Crotolaria juncea leaves, Crotolaria juncea seeds, Sesbania sesban stalk, Sesbania sesban seeds. Glycine max straw. Glycine max de-oiled cake, Cajanua cajan seed pod, Cajanus cajan stalk, Siser ariemtimum stalk, Orayza sativa husk, Orayza sativa straw, Triticum astivum straw, Zea mays straw, Zea mayz cob, Pennisetum glaucum stalk, Sorghum bicolar stalk, Solanum melongena stem. Lycoper.sicon lycopcrsicum stem, Abelmoschus esculentus stem, Capsicum annuum stem, Musa sp. stem. Musa sp. leaves, Annona reticulata seeds, Cocas nucifera shell. Cocus nucifera coir. Primus armeniaca seed coal, Ficus sycomorus fruit fiber. Mangifera indica seeds, Mangifera indica seed coat, Mangifera indica fruit peel, Manilkara hexandra seeds, Prunus persica seeds, Primvs dulcis seed coat, Pistacia vera seed coat, Phyllanthus indica seeds, Phyllanthus indica fruit fiber, Citrus sinensis peel. Citrus aurantium fruit peel, Olea europaea seed coat. Olea europaea seed cake, Citrus limon peel, Areca catechu seed coat, Anacardium occiden/ale fruit. Coffea arabica husk. Phoenix dactylifera seeds. Elaeis guineensis seed coat. Elaeis guineensis seed cake, Ziziphus zizyphus seed, Manilkara zapota seeds. Manilkara zapota fruit peel, Gossypium arboreum stalk, Gossypium arboreum seed cake, Jatropha curcus seed hull. Jatropha curcus seed cake, Ricinus communis stalk, Ricinus communis seed cake, Brasica juncea straw. Brasica juncea de-oiled cake, Helianthus annuus stalk, Helianthus annuus de-oiled cake. Sesamum indicum hull, Sesamum indicum stalk, Carthamus tinctorius stalk. Carthamus tinctorius de-oiled cake, Eichhornia crassipes whole plant. ]pome a aquatica whole plant, Hydrilla verticillata whole plant. Typha Iatifolia leaves. Typha Iatifolia stem, Typha Iatifolia flower, Trapa nutans leaves, Trapa natans stem, Trapa natans fruit shell, Coclocasia esculenia whole plant. Lcmnu minor whole plant, Prosopis juliflora stem, Prosopis juliflora twigs. Ipomea camea sp. fistulosa stem, Ipomea camea sp. fistulosa leaves, Leucaena leucocephala stem, Argemone maxicana whole plant, Cuminum cyminum broken seed, Plantago ovata stalk, Plantago ovata broken seeds, Carum arvi stem. Elettaria cardamom stem, Capsicum annam stem, Cuminum cynimum stem, Anethum graveoluns stem, Foeniculam vulgare stem, Trigone!la foenum seed pod, Trigonetla foenitm stem, Allium sativum arial part, Tamrindus indica seed, Curcuma longa aria! part, Pimpirella anisum stem, Pimpirella anisum leaf, marine or fresh water microalgae. marine or fresh water macroalgae, vegetable residue, non-edible part of all edible fruits, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs.
9. A method as claimed in 1 wherein producer gas, syngas can be burned directly in internal combustion engines, used to produce methanol and hydrogen, or converted into synthetic fuel.
10. A method for use of solid biofuel for gasification to produce syngas which can be converted into synthetic fuel such as herein described with reference to foregoing examples.