FORM - 2
THE PATENTS A C T, 1970 (39 OF 1970)
PROVISIONAL SPECIFICATION
(SEC- 10, RULE 13)
"USE OF SOLID BIO FUEL FOR STEAM GENERATION"
ABELLON CLEANENERGY LIMITED,
A Company Incorporated under the
Indian Companies Act,
having its address at, Sydney House,
Premchand Nagar Road, Bodakdev,
Ahmedabad-380 054, Gujarat State, India,
The following specification particularly describes the invention:
Field of Invention:
The present invention pertains generally tc use of solid biofuel for fuel for steam generation for domestic or industrial utility. Conventionally the steam required is generated using fossil fuels or biomass in its natural form such as wood. There is a great shift of interest and research on alternative fuel particularly on various biofuel sources because of various reasons such as increase in global warming due to green house gases, shortage and increasing prices of fossil fuels and so on. Biomass can be defined as all living matter on earth. Typically unprocessed biomass is being used as fuel for different applications for source of energy in industries and domestic domain. But the use of biomass is also not free from associated problems, such as food versus fuel debate, carbon emission levels, and sustainable production, deforestation and soil erosion, impact on water resources. Use of processed biomass such as pellets, briquettes is an effective alternative for steam generation.
Background of the Invention:
In physical chemistry, and in engineering, steam refers to vaporized water. It is a pure, completely invisible gas. In the atmosphere, the partial pressure of water is much lower than 1 atm, therefore gaseous water can exist at temperatures much lower than 100°C. In common speech, steam most often refers to the white mist that condenses above boiling water as the hot vapor mixes with the cooler air. This mist is made of tiny droplets of liquid water.
In electric generation, steam is typically condensed at the end of its expansion cycle, and returned to the boiler for re-use. However in


cogeneration, steam is piped into buildings to provide heat energy after its use in the electric generation cycle. Steam generator extract heat efficiently from source and to use the extracted heat to convert a fluid such as water into superheated steam at a relatively high pressure. Further, such steam generators have been incorporated into combined cycle electric generating plants including both gas and steam turbines wherein the exhaust gases of the gas turbine are used to heat water into steam then to be transferred to the steam turbine. Steam's capacity to transfer heat is also used in the home: for cooking vegetables, steam cleaning of fabric and carpets, and heating buildings. In each case, water is heated in a boiler, and the steam carries the energy to a target object.
Typically fossil fuel such as coal, oil and natural gas are used as fuel to generate steam, but because of losing ground quantities of coal, petroleum and natural gas product, focus is being directed to the other energy sources, including solar energy and nuclear energy.
One source, which is receiving considerable attention, is biomass energy. Recently, much attention has been focused on converting these abundant biomass in to fuel pellets. Cellulosic fuel pellets can provide sufficient heat to be an efficient fuel.
Biomass in- its natural form has several constraints such as:
• It decomposes to produce methane, which is about twenty times more active as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide.
• It has low bulk density and low energy density resulting in difficulty in handling and high transportation cost.
• Its incomplete combustion releases organic particulate matter, carbon monoxide and other organic gases.


Because of reasons mentioned above, use of biomass after processing, such as in form of compact fuel pellets have become a popular for steam generation due to easier handling both for transportation and feeders in the treatment unit. Pretreatment of chopping and grinding are given to selected materials, which help to formulate pellets with high density, durability. Percentage of fruit residue material along with other cellulosic material of agri-origin in pellets is help to increase more compactness.
Direct combustion is the main process adopted for utilizing biomass energy. The energy produced can be used to provide heat and / or steam production. Production of heat and steam by means of combustion is applied from a very small scale (for domestic heating) up to a scale in the range of 100 Mwe. Co-combustion of biomass in coal fired plants is an attractive option because off the high conversion efficiency of these plants. Net electrical efficiencies for biomass combustion pow*er plant range from 20% to 40%.
In view of above it is an object of the present invention to provide biomass based solid fuel, for steam generation.
Detail Description of the Invention;
In accordance with the present invention, a system is provided solid bio fuel for steam generation. The said biofuel can be in powder, granules, composites', aggregates, agglomerates, pellets or briquettes of size varying from 1 mm and could be of different color and odor. Further the said pellet can be prepared with or without binder. The binder could be any


suitable material such as but not limited to beeswax or resins of plant
origin.
Another embodiment of the invention is directed to use biofuel, prepared
using such inputs as material from various freshly collected or stored,
processed, unprocessed agricultural produce, including vegetables,
fruits, one or more parts or whole plants.
Further, such an input material could be one or more, such as but not limited to: one or more of various parts or whole plants belonging to grasses, legume crops, millets, vegetables, fruits, flowering plants, oil crops, spices, hydrophytes, dry land plants and aquatic plants including algae, vegetable and fruit residue, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs. Inputs could also be animal waste.
Further, such an input could be material could be one or more, such as but not limited to Saccharum officinarum leaves, Saccharum officinarum bagasse, Melocanna bambusoides leaves, Melocanna bambusoides stem, Penniseum purpureum leaves, Penniseum purpureum bagasse, Cynodon dactylon cuttings, Cymbopogon martini stalks, Arachis hypogaea nutshell, Crotolaria juncea stem, Crotolaria juncea leaves, Crotolaria juncea seeds, Sesbania sesban stalk, Sesbania sesban seeds, Glycine max straw, Glycine max de-oiled cake, Cajanua cajan seed pod, Cajanus cajan stalk, Siser ariemtimum stalk, Orayza sativa husk, Orayza sativa straw, Triiicum astivum straw, Zea mayz straw, Zea mayz cob, Pennisetam glaucum stalk, Sorghum, bicolar stalk, Solarium melongena stem, Lycopersicon lycopersicum stem, Abelmoschus esculentus stem, Capsicum annuum stem, Musa sp. stem, Musa sp. leaves, Annona reticulata seeds, Cocos nucifera shell, Cocus nucifera coir, Prunus armeniaca seed coat, Ficus sycomorus fruit fiber, Mangifera indica seeds,


Mangifera 'indica seed coat. Mangifera indica fruit peel, Manilkara hexandra seeds, Prunus persica seeds, Prinus dulcis seed coat, Pistacia vera seed coat, Phyllanthus indica seeds, Phyllanthus indica fruit fiber, Citrus sinensis peel, Citrus aurantium fruit peel, Olea europaea seed coat, Olea europaea seed cake, Citrus limon pee], Areca catechu seed coat, Anacardium occidentale fruit, Coffea arabica husk, Phoenix dactylifera seeds, Elaeis guineensis seed coat, Elaeis guineensis seed cake, Ziziphus zizyphus seed, Manilkara zapota seeds, Manilkara zapota fruit peel, Gossypium arboreum stalk, Gossypium arboreum seed cake, Jatropha curcus seed hull, Jatropha curcus seed cake, Ricinus communis stalk, Ricinus communis seed cake3 Brasica juncea straw, Brasica juncea de-oiled cake, Helianthus annuus stalk, Helianthus annuus de-oiled cake, Sesamum indicum hull, Sesamum indicum stalk, Carthamus tinctorius stalk, Carthamus tinctorius de-oiled cake, Eichhornia crassipes whole plant, Ipomea aquatica whole plant, Hydrilla verticillata whole plant, Typha latifolia leaves, Typha latifolia stem, Typha latifolia flower, Trapa natans leaves, Trapa natans stem, Trapa natans fruit shell, Coclocasia esculenta whole plant, Lemna minor whole plant, Prosopis juliflora. stem, Prosopis juliflora twigs, Ipomea carnea sp. fistulosa stem, Ipomea camea sp. fistulosa leaves, Leucaena leucocephala stem, Argemone maxicana whole plant, Cuminum cyminum broken seed, Plantago ovata stalk, Plantago ovata broken seeds, Carum arvi stem, Elettaria cardamom stem, Capsicum annam stem, Cuminum cynimum stem, Anethum graveoluns stem, Foeniculam vulgare stem, Trigonella foenum seed pod, Trigonella foenum. stem, Allium, sativum arial part, Tamrindus indica seed, Curcuma longa arial part, Pimpirella. anisum stem, Pimpirella anisum leaf, marine or fresh water microalgae, marine or fresh water macroalgae, vegetable residue, non-edible part of all edible fruits, agro waste and other land and water based crops, including all types, varieties and genetically modified species of above inputs.


Dated this 1st day of April, 2009.
To,
The Controller of Patents, The Patent Office, Mumbai.


(JATIN Y. TRIVEDI)
Patent Attorney At, Y.J. TRIVEDI & CO., Authorised Agent of the Applicant