FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10; rule 13)
TITLE OF THE INVENTION Visual Warning Mechanism in Emergency Braking Situations
APPLICANTS
TATA MOTORS LIMITED, an Indian company
having its registered office at Bombay House,
24 Homi Mody Street, Hutatma Chowk,
Mumbai 400 001 Maharashtra, India
INVENTORS
Thukaram shetty, Deepak R. R., Yuvaraj Jadhav,
Pradeep Bhilare and Gupta Anshuman
All are Indian nationals
of TATA MOTORS LIMITED,
an Indian company having its registered office
at Bombay House, 24 Homi Mody Street, Hutatma Chowk,
Mumbai 400 001 Maharashtra, India
PREAMBLE TO THE DESCRIPTION
The following specification particularly describes the invention and the manner in which it is to be performed

Field of Invention:-
This invention is related to the automobiles. The new hazard warning system is used for indication of panic or emergency braking by the automobile driver to the vehicles plying behind.
Background of Invention:-
Current vehicles are equipped with the tail lights, wherein the indication of brake application, vehicle turning information is given through illumination of the lights. Most of the accidents on the highways and in the city traffic occur due to the emergency brake application by the drivers. In such emergency cases, the successor vehicle drivers do not understand the emergency braking because of normal illumination of the present brake lights. The present braking system has a brake switch which on actuation provides a signal as a brake light at the back of the vehicle. But this doesn't give the indication whether the vehicle is going to be stopped suddenly or not. Due to which lots of accident occur on high speed ways which leads to line collision of vehicles.
Current vehicles are having the information of engine & vehicle sensors on the common platform. The communication between various control units (such as ECU i.e. engine control unit, TCU i.e. transmission control unit, etc) takes place via CAN bus. Various signal from sensors placed around the vehicle are available on the CAN bus.
These sensors and the signal given by the sensors can be used and the information can be passed on brake lights. Emergency braking can be determined from the signals and brake lights can be flashed continuously. So that, the vehicle following can understand that front vehicle is undergoing emergency braking and the collision can be avoided.

Object of Invention;
The main object of the invention is to obviate above mentioned drawbacks.
Another object of the disclosure to provide hazard warning system for indication of panic or emergency braking by an automobile driver to the vehicles plying behind.
Statement of invention:
The stated invention is complete emergency braking warning system which takes inputs from the following systems and gives output to the emergency brake lights situated in the tail lights position.
The feedback from the following systems will be taken from the following-brake pedal travel/ displacement rate from the pedal travel sensing system; brake circuit having pressure transducer on the master cylinder to monitor the pressure rise rate;
wheel speed sensing system (encoders on the wheels or gearbox output flange encoder);
steering wheel angle sensing system;
warning message passed on to the succeeding vehicles through satellite or GPS or GPRS or wireless communication by the vehicle undergoing emergency braking;
calculating the deceleration of preceding vehicle through satellite navigation and giving warning to the vehicle driver about emergency braking by the preceding vehicle.
The output from all these system is given to the brake lights and flashing the lights to warn the successor vehicles.
Brief description
Now the disclosure will explained through following figures:

Figure-01 shows the brake pedal assembly and the brake hydraulic circuit. Figure-02 shows the steering angle sensing mechanism and the wheel speed Figure-03 shows the graphical representation of different braking practices
Detailed Description:-
The panic braking can be determined by introducing a smart way of monitoring the sudden engagement of the brakes by different ways such that:
• By the rate of change of brake pedal travel by using a pedal travel sensor inside the driver's cabin and calculating the deceleration accordingly by measuring the vehicle speed through vehicle speed sensor and then remotely communicating the panic braking situation to the successor vehicle through satellite.
• Pressure transducer can be adopted on the master cylinder in the brake circuit to monitor the rate of increase of pressure and calculating the deceleration accordingly by measuring the vehicle speed through vehicle speed sensor and then remotely communicating the panic braking situation to the successor vehicle through satellite.
• By sensing the wheel speed (encoder on the wheels or gearbox output speed encoder) and steering angle (angle sensor on the steering wheel), and determining the rate of deceleration of the vehicle.
• These sensors and signals are already available in the present vehicles. On the basis of this the controller provides an output to the panic braking light placed inside the brake light which will starts flashing, thereby warning the car behind it. This warning signal is also remotely communicating through satellite to the successor vehicle.

• By sensing the speed through satellite and find the deceleration of the vehicle along with steering sensor and there by operating the hazard warning light and then parallelly informing the vehicle behind it through satellite communication.
• All the messages of panic braking are communicated though satellite or wireless communication system such as panic signal generation to all other vehicles following it, which fall under the collision range (about 30 meters in length behind). This warning message to other vehicle is communicated by satellite based on the vehicles speed and the safe stopping distance of vehicles following it at that particular time.
Referring now to the schematics, which are for the purpose of illustration of the invention only, and not for the purpose of limiting the same.
Figure-01 shows the brake pedal assembly and the brake hydraulic circuit. Figure-02 shows the steering angle sensing mechanism and the wheel speed sensing mechanism along with the ECU i.e. engine control unit.
Referring now to figure 1 which show the schematic of brake pedal assembly and the brake hydraulic circuit. This comprises of the brake pedal (1) having a linear potentiometer (7) attached to it. The travel signal from the linear potentiometer (7) is fed to the ECU (8). The brake pedal (1) actuates the brake booster (3) with the help of brake master cylinder push rod (2). The brake master cylinder push rod (2) & brake booster (3) in turn activates the master cylinder (4). A pressure transducer (6) is mounted on the master cylinder (4) to access the pressure developed by the master cylinder (4) and the pressure rise rate against time. The signal from the pressure transducer (6) is given to the controller (8). The central controller (8) can differentiate the braking activity between 'normal braking' and 'emergency braking' with the help of pressure rise rate signal from the pressure transducer (6) & travel rate signal from the linear potentiometer (7). Based on the differentiation

the controller (8) may give the flashing command to the brake lights if the braking is done hasty.
Graph shown in Fig. 3, shows the normative difference when the braking is done in gradual braking mode, normal mode and in emergency situations. These differences will be taken as input for calculation and communication.
Referring now. to Figure 2, which show the schematic of steering angle sensing mechanism and the wheel speed sensing mechanism along with the ECU (13) i.e. engine control unit.
The steering wheel (10) is adopted with steering angle sensor (9). This sensor can give the signal of rotation angle of steering wheel (10) to the ECU (13). Based on this information, the ECU (13) can determine the rate of rotation of steering wheel (10). If the rate is higher than normal, the ECU (13) may decide that the braking is emergency braking and the output signal can be given to the flashing brake lights. Fig no 2 also show the schematic of vehicle speed sensing mechanism through the encoders mounted on the wheels. The speed encoders (11) are mounted on all four wheels (12). The wheel (12) speed signal from the encoders (11) is given to the ECU (13). Based on change in wheel speed, the ECU (13) decides between the braking modes. If the braking is emergency braking then the ECU (13) will send the signal to the flashing lights. Thus warning the succeeding vehicle to slow down and avoiding collisions.
The warning alarm and flashing of lights can also be done by using the information of the vehicle on the navigation systems (i.e. GPS - Global Positioning System).
The GPS navigators have the vehicle information such as vehicle speed, direction of movement and communication between various vehicle controllers.

Based on this information from the GPS navigators, the vehicle which is going under emergency braking can send the signal/message of braking to the succeeding cars and those can slow down based on this message.
Also, the succeeding vehicles can have the information about the speed of preceding vehicle and calculate the deceleration rate of the preceding vehicle. Based on this deceleration rate, the controller of this vehicle can determine that front vehicle is undergoing emergency braking and hence the vehicle driver will slow down the speeds. Thus this will avoid collision and results thereafter.
In another embodiment the emergency braking warning system comprising of signals taken from the following systems and the output given to the flashing brake lights; the systems are as below -
Brake pedal travel/ displacement rate from the pedal travel sensing system;
Brake circuit having pressure transducer on the master cylinder to monitor the
pressure rise rate;
Wheel speed sensing system (encoders on the wheels or gearbox output flange
encoder);
Steering wheel angle sensing system;
Warning message passed on to the succeeding vehicles through satellite by the
vehicle undergoing emergency braking, such as GPS, GPRS or wireless
communication;
Calculating the deceleration of preceding vehicle through satellite navigation
and giving warning to the vehicle driver about emergency braking by the
preceding vehicle by GPS, GPRS or wireless communication.
In another embodiment visual warning is given through flashing lights or any special lighting provisions.

The calculation algorithm can based on the information from GPS Navigator Or strength of wireless signal.
Reference numerals used in the drawings are the following:
1. Brake pedal.
2. Brake master cylinder push rod
3. Brake booster
4. Master cylinder
5. pressure pipeline
6. pressure transducer
7. liner potentiometer
8. controller
9. Steering angle sensor
10. steering wheel
11. speed senor
12. wheels
13. ECU
The foregoing description is a specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be appreciated that this embodiment is described for purpose of illustration only, and that numerous alterations and modifications may be practiced by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is intended that all such modifications and alterations be included insofar as they come within the scope of the invention as claimed or the equivalents thereof.

We Claim :-
1. Visual Warning Mechanism in Emergency Braking Situations comprises systems
to take signal taken from any of the following systems
- brake pedal travel/ displacement rate from pedal travel sensing system,
- brake circuit having pressure transducer on master cylinder to monitor pressure rise rate,
- wheel speed sensing system (encoders on wheels or gearbox output flange
encoder),
- steering wheel angle sensing system,
- warning message passed on to the succeeding vehicles through satellite by the vehicle undergoing emergency braking GPS,
- calculating the deceleration of preceding vehicle through satellite navigation and giving warning to the vehicle driver about emergency braking by the preceding vehicle GPS,
- afterwards the output given to flashing brake lights based on said inputs. .

2. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rate of change of brake pedal travel determined by using a pedal travel sensor inside driver's cabin used for calculating desired deceleration, measuring vehicle speed through vehicle speed sensor, situation of panic braking is determined.
3. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein on said panic braking situation successor vehicle is communicated through satellite.
4. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein pressure transducer are adopted on master cylinder in the brake circuit to monitor the rate of increase of pressure and calculating the deceleration accordingly by measuring the vehicle speed through vehicle speed sensor.

5. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein by sensing wheel speed (encoder on the wheels or gearbox output speed encoder) and steering angle (angle sensor on the steering wheel), and determining the rate of deceleration of the vehicle.
6. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein these sensors and signals are already available in the present vehicles. On the basis of this the controller provides an output to the panic braking light placed inside the brake light which will starts flashing, thereby warning the car behind it. This warning signal is also remotely communicating through satellite to the successor vehicle.
7. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein by sensing the speed through satellite and find the deceleration of the vehicle along with steering sensor and there by operating the hazard warning light and then parallelly informing the vehicle behind it through satellite communication.
8. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein messages of panic braking are communicated though satellite or wireless communication system such as panic signal generation to all other vehicles following it, which fall under the collision range (about 30 meters in length behind).
9. System and method as claimed in claim 1, wherein warning message to other vehicle is communicated by satellite based on the vehicles speed and the safe stopping distance of vehicles following it at that particular time.