CLAIMS
1. A vortex mill for comminuting of a raw particulate material, said mill comprises a milling chamber, said milling chamber being delimited by a side cylindrical wall, by a lower flat disc and by an opposite upper flat disc, wherein a central opening is provided in the upper disc, said opening has a diameter d, and at least one nozzle is arranged in the side wall of the milling chamber, said vortex mill further comprises at least one inlet port for supplying a compressed working fluid into the milling chamber such that a compressed working fluid could be supplied trough the at least one nozzle tangentially into the milling chamber, the vortex mill further comprises a discharge collector, which is in fluid communication with the milling chamber via the central opening made in the upper disc, and a feeding tube is provided which is in fluid communication with the milling chamber so as to supply the raw particulate material into the milling chamber, said feeding tube has an outer diameter dtube, wherein said diameter d of the central opening in the upper disc is dimensioned so as to allow passing the comminuted material carried by the working fluid through the central opening into discharge collector, wherein said vortex mill further comprises at least one comminuting control component enabling obtaining comminuted material with customizable parameters of particle size distribution.
2. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said comminuting control component comprises at least one additional lower or upper disc, having an outside diameter dout, and said additional lower or upper disc is detachably fastened within the milling chamber so as to be adjacent with and parallel to the corresponding lower or upper disc such that there is provided at least one circular gap therebetween, wherein said additional upper disc is provided with a central opening having a diameter dinner, said vortex mill comprising a plurality of spacers detachably fastened between additional lower disc and corresponding lower disc, or between additional upper disc and corresponding upper disc, said spacers having a thickness, which is equal to a distance hgap between the lower or upper disc and corresponding lower or upper additional disc, wherein a compressed fluid can be supplied from a volume outside the milling chamber to said at least one circular

gap, the arrangement being such that an additional flow of the compressed fluid passing via the said at least one circular gap is arranged within the milling chamber, said additional flow is directed radially from a center of the milling chamber and towards the side wall thereof.
3. The vortex mill as defined in claim 2, in which the lower disc is provided with a permeable central passage and said additional lower disc is detachably fastened in the milling chamber such that the additional flow of the compressed fluid passes from the volume outside milling chamber through said permeable central passage and through said circular gap radially towards the side wall of the milling chamber.
4. The vortex mill as defined in claim 2, in which the upper disc is provided with a
gas permeable section having a plurality of through going openings such that the
additional flow of the compressed fluid passes from the volume outside milling
chamber through said gas permeable section and through said circular gap radially
towards the side wall of the milling chamber.
5. The vortex mill as defined in claim 2, in which said side wall of the milling
chamber is characterized by a diameter D, wherein the following relation between
dimensions of the additional lower or upper discs and the respective lower or upper
discs of the milling chamber is maintained:
doutside < 0.9Dand dinner > d.
6. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said feeding tube has an outside diameter dtube and in which said comminuting control component comprises an oscillating ring which is defined by an outside diameter doutside and by an inner diameter dinner, wherein said ring is dimensioned such that dinner > dtube and doutside >d, and wherein said ring embraces the feeding tube and is located above the upper disc of the milling chamber, the arrangement being such that during operation of the mill said ring is reciprocatively linearly displaceable along the feeding tube, while periodically closing and opening the central opening made in the upper disc

of the milling chamber, thus creating pressure pulsations inside the milling chamber, said pressure pulsations are associated with establishing of periodical forced vibrations in particles of comminuting material.
7. The vortex mill as defined in claim 6, in which said periodical forced vibrations are defined by a frequency of at least 180 Hertz, being preferable 250 Hertz.
8. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said comminuting control component comprises a separating chamber situated preferably on the upper disk of the milling chamber between said upper disc and the discharge collector, wherein said separating chamber is configured as a cylinder delimited by a lateral wall and by opposite flat disc walls, and a central opening is made in an upper disc wall of the separating chamber, which is adjacent with the discharge collector, said central opening is co-axial with the central opening made in the upper disc of the milling chamber, such that fluid communication is possible between the milling chamber, the separating chamber and the discharge collector, and wherein a discharge pipe is provided , said discharge pipe is located on the lateral periphery wall of the separating chamber, wherein a cross-section of the said discharge pipe is variable.
9. The vortex mill as defined in claim 8, in which the separating chamber is defined by a diameter di of the central opening , by an inside diameter di of lateral wall, by a diameter d3 of the discharge pipe and by a height h and said separating chamber is dimensioned such the following condition is maintained: h > 1.5d, di >2d and di > (di +2d) and wherein the diameter d3 is selected such that a cross-section of the discharge pipe is less than 4% of a cross-section of the central opening made in the upper disc wall of the milling chamber.
10. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said comminuting control component comprises a side discharge port made in the side wall of the working chamber, said side discharge port being in fluid communication with an ejector,

arranged at an upper end of the feeding tube and capable to create an under¬pressure at the upper end of the feeding tube, wherein said ejector comprises neither Venturi device, nor de Laval nozzle, and wherein said side discharge port is connected with the ejector via a pneumatic conveying pipe line through which a portion of the comminuted material is continuously returned from the milling chamber to the feeding tube, and said feeding tube is provided with a funnel, wherein said funnel and said conveying pipe line are connected with the ejector means at a point, which is situated within the zone of the under- pressure.
11. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said comminuting control component
comprises a side discharge port made in the side wall of the milling chamber, said side discharge port being in fluid communication with a receptacle via a tube, which can be opened or closed by a controllable valve, and wherein there are provided a feeder for supplying the raw material to the feeding tube and an operating control system, which is electrically connected via respective signal lines to the controllable valve and to the feeder.
12. The vortex mill as defined in claim 1, in which said comminuting control component comprises a setup for prevention of material sticking on an inner surfaces of the milling chamber, said setup comprises a water supply unit, an operating control system and a humidity sensor, said humidity sensor is situated in a powder collecting unit, which is in fluid communication with the outlet of the discharge collector, said humidity sensor is adapted for sensing humidity of the r gas that carries the powder of comminuted material, said water supply unit comprises a source of water, which is in fluid communication with a water supply tube, said sensor for sensing humidity and said controllable valve are electrically connected with said operating control system via respective signal lines, and wherein said water supply tube is located within the feeding tube and extends along the feeding tube.

13. A method for comminuting of a raw particulate material in a vortex milling
chamber said method comprises:
a) supply of a flow of compressed working fluid to the milling chamber , said flow being directed tangentially with respect to a side wall of the milling chamber to create a vortex flow therein,
b) supplying the raw particulate material to the milling chamber through a feeding tube and comminuting the raw particulate material in the milling chamber,
c) discharging the comminuted material from the discharge collector,
wherein
said method further comprises at least one milling control process enabling obtaining comminuted material with customizable parameters of particle size distribution.
14. The method of claim 13 in which said milling control process comprises arranging of an additional fluid flow within the milling chamber wherein said additional fluid flow is directed radially from a center of the milling chamber towards a side wall of the milling chamber and adjacent to upper and/or lower disc of milling chamber, wherein a flow rate of the additional flow does not exceed 16% of a flow rate of the tangentially directed flow of the working fluid.
15. The method of claim 13, in which said milling control process comprises arranging of periodical pulsations of pressure in the milling chamber, said pulsations are created by an oscillating ring, which is reciprocatively displaceable along a feeding tube, while periodically closing and opening a central opening made in an upper disc of the milling chamber, wherein said pulsations are defined by a frequency of 180 Hertz, wherein said pulsations induce forced vibrations resulting in fragmentation of particles of the comminuting material.
16. The method of claim 13, in which said milling control process comprises
continuously discharging of a part of the comminuted material including coarse
particles through said discharge pipe on the lateral wall of said separating chamber,
wherein a mass flow rate of said part of discharged comminuted material is

maintained of not more than 3% of the total feeding rate of the raw material fed in the milling chamber.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein said milling control process comprises
continuously discharging of a portion of the comminuted material through said
discharge port made on side wall of milling chamber, returning said portion of the
comminuted material to the feeding tube via a pneumatic conveying line and
maintaining an under-pressure in the feeding tube such that said under-pressure is
sufficient for suction in the feeding tube both said returned portion of the
comminuted material as well as a fresh raw material.
18. The method of claim 13 for comminuting of a raw particulate material in a vortex
milling chamber comprising a side discharge port made in side wall being in fluid
communication with a receptacle, a feeder and a programmable operating control
system , wherein said milling control process comprises periodically discharging
through said discharge port of a portion of the comminuted material to said
receptacle via a tube which can be opened or closed by a controllable valve, and
wherein said operating control system is capable to close or open said controllable
valve and switch on or off the said feeder, and wherein said operating control
system operates in accordance with a program, capable to set a period of time,
when said valve is closed, a period of time, when said valve is open, and a period of
time before opening the said valve , when said feeder is switched off, while said
feeder is switched on simultaneously when said valve is closed.
19. The method of claim 15, in which said milling control process comprises continuous delivering of water to the milling chamber during operation of the vortex mill, said delivering is carried out through a water supply pipe extending inside the feeding tube, said vortex mill also comprises the operating control system and a humidity measuring device, said device is adapted for measuring the humidity of the flow carrying the comminuted material, , wherein said operating control system maintaining the level of humidity below 100% by changing the

water flow rate using an electrically controllable valve, provided at said water supply pipe.