TITLE: WATER DISPERSIBLE GRANULES FORMULATION OF TRIAZOPHOS
FIELD OF INVENTION
The invention relates to water dispersible granules formulations of Triazophos. The
invention also relates to the compositions and process for preparing water dispersible
granules formulations of Triazophos. The water dispersible granule formulations of the
invention have effective use in agricultural applications. They are safer to the user & the
environment and have good bioefficacy against various insects in different agricultural
crops.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION:
Triazophos (o,o-dielthyl o-l-phynyl 1 H-l,2,4-triazol-3-yl-phosphorothioate) is an organophosphorous
insecticide. It is very effective in controlling various insects like aphids, thrips,
midges, beetles, cutworms, soil insects, spider mites etc. in different vegetable crops, cereal
crops and fiber crops. The organo-phosphorous group is one of the major groups of
pesticides which has broad-spectrum and good bio-efficacy on various pests.
Pesticide in pure chemical form (technical grade) cannot be applied directly because of very
high toxicity and complex physical properties, as most of the insecticides are oily, sticky,
waxy, and highly viscous or water insoluble. The technical grade pesticides are converted
into a ready to use form known as formulation, which can be applied by practical methods
to achieve effective pest control in agricultural and public health sectors.
The formulation should suitably be stored, packaged, transported and should be able to
produce desired efficacy on the target pests. The conventional formulations (Emulsifiable
Concentrate, Soluble Liquid and Wettable Powder) which are being produced and used for
longer time give sufficient bio-efficacy but have shortcomings with respect of safety of the
user and environment.
The most commonly used conventional emulsifible concentrate (EC), soluble liquid (SL)
formulations contain very large amount of organic solvents, petroleum distillate solvents,
and have risk of flammability during production, storage, packing, transportation and
application. The uses of these highly flammable solvents are harmful to humans and non
target organisms as these organic solvents absorbed rapidly in to skin of human non target
organisms. After application in agricultural fields, these volatile solvents evaporate and
contaminate the environment. Research is being focused towards better pesticide
formulations which may minimizes the uses of organic solvents in agricultural and public
health pest control applications. Environment protection authorities are also encouraging
new pesticide formulations with no or minimum use of solvents.
The only formulation of Triazophos being produced by pesticide industries is emulsifiable
concentrates (EC) formulation, which has disadvantage of use of large amount of organic
solvents and thus has above described hazards to human, non target organisms and
environment.
Triazophos EC formulation has less stability during its long term storage as it forms a hard
cake like sediment at the bottom of the container. This sediment is insoluble and cannot be
solubulised after vigorous shaking. The percentage of active content of triazophos changes,
when farmers spray this EC formulation in the field they do not get desired bio-efficacy.
Hard cake containing bottles disposal also become a problem from environmental safety
point of view. Several efforts have been made to solve this problem of sedimentation, but
no practically applicable solution has been discovered.
Triazophos is a low cost and very effective insecticide used against various insects in
different agricultural crops. In view of low cost and effectiveness of triazophos it was
thought in present work to offer a better alternative to existing triazophos EC formulation,
which can rectify the problem of sedimentation and also safe to the user & environment.
The new formulations should be capable to provide desired bio-efficacy and eliminate the
disadvantages of EC formulation. Some of the prior arts in this field are discussed below.
CN102326581 describes a method for Triazophos emulsifiable granules comprising
Triazophos, emulsifier, water soluble polymer, and the balance carrier. The method
described here is that, Triazophos and emulsifiers are mixed, the mixture is added to the
aqueous solution of water-soluble polymer, then mixed to give a viscous emulsion, and then
the viscous emulsion carrier obtained in the pre-granulated mixture was granulated and
finally dried.
CN101258848 relates to a solid pesticidal microemulsion containing Triazophos. Here the
microemulsion is prepared by two methods. Firstly Triazophos and surfactant are mixed in a
oil phase; the disintegratant and carrier are mixed to form a solid phase; then the oil phase
and solid phase are mixed to get a solid oil mixture and a solution of binder in water is
added to get a wet material, which is then granulated. Secondly Triazophos and surfactants
are mixed to get an oil phase and then a solution of binder in water is mixed to the oil phase
to form an emulsion; the carrier and disintegrants are mixed to form a solid phase which is
then mixed and stirred with the emulsion to get a wet material, which is then granulated.
WO1993/014631 discloses water dispersible granules that are prepared by first preparing
absorbent water dispersible granules and then loading biologically active substances into
the preformed absorbent granules. This WO publication particularly relates to active
substance selected from the group consisting of fluazifop-P-butyl, lambda-cyhalothrin and
propargite.
In the above described prior arts emulsifiers are added into h the liquid active substance to
form an emulsion, which is then absorbed into the previously formed granules, thus the
absorption of active into granules might be less and comes out from granules core during
storage, may result in formation of lumps.
CN102165958 relates to a pesticide composition comprising active ingredients Bifenazate
and Triazophos. This combination composition may be in the form of wettable powders,
water dispersible granules, suspensions, suspension emulsion and it shows the synergistic
action of Bifenazate and Triazophos.
US20110306502 discloses a water dispersible granular composition comprising: at least one
solid agrochemically active substance; at least one sorptive filler; at least one first
agrochemically acceptable excipient; at least one liquid or low melting agrochemically active
substance; and, at least one second agrochemically acceptable excipient and also describes
a preparation method thereof. Here the liquid or low melting agrochemically active
substance is lambda cyhalothrin or cypermethrin or chlorpyrifos or propiconazole and the
solid agrochemically active substance is imidacloprid or fipronil or thiamethoxam or
deltamethrin or tebuconazole or azoxystrobin. The above two prior arts describe granules
comprise at least two active substances and have limitation of bio-efficacy dependent on
synergist effect of two active substances.
US20130109725 discloses a method of improving the dispersion properties in water of a
pesticide-containing granule which comprises: providing a powder comprising a pesticide
active ingredient; adding water to the powder; blending the powder and the water into a
mixture; and processing the mixture into granules; wherein the improvement is
characterized by incorporating one or more water soluble agglomeration suppressants into
the powder or the water prior to blending. This prior art has limitation of proper dispersion
of granules in spray solution.
WO2013127790 relates to a method for preparing an emulsifiable granule comprising the
steps of a) emulsifying water with a solution of a pesticide in a water-insoluble solvent, b)
contacting the emulsion resulting from step a) and a solid dispersant containing a watersoluble
polycarboxylate and a water-soluble anionic surfactant, and c) extruding the paste
resulting from step b). The invention further relates to emulsifiable granules containing a
water-insoluble solvent, a pesticide, which is dissolved in the water-insoluble solvent, a
water-soluble polycar- boxylate, and a water-soluble anionic surfactant. Thus this prior art
comprises organic solvents in the composition which has a drawback of environmental
hazards.
OBJEaiVE OF THE INVENTION:
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide a solid water dispersible granule
formulations of the insecticide Ttriazophos.
Another objective of the invention is to provide a solid water dispersible granule
formulation of Triazophos, which eliminates the problems faced in using its existing solvent
based EC formulation like flammability .sedimentation, inhalation risk, skin toxicity and
phytoxicity.
A further objective of the invention is to provide a process for the preparation of water
dispersible granule formulations of Triazophos with good physic-chemical qualities, stability
and desired bio-efficacy against target agricultural pests.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To overcome the limitations In the prior art and to fulfill the above objectives, the present
invention discloses compositions, formulations and process for the preparation of water
dispersible granule formulations of liquid insecticide Triazophos which is safe for the user
and to the environment. The inert ingredients used in the present invention are diluents,
binding agent, wetting and dispersing agent, anti foaming agents.
Triazophos in pure chemical form (technical grade) is in liquid form. In the present
invention, this liquid pesticide is converted into solid water dispersible granules
(WG)formulations. Water dispersible granules are essentially non-dusty, free-flowing
granules, which disperse quickly when added to water in the spray tank. They are convenient
and safe to user and environment. Due to absence of organic solvents the risk of
flammability, sedimentation, inhalation, skin toxicity and phytoxicity are eliminated.
Furthermore, they can be packed into simple bags or cartons to minimize pack disposal
problems.
WG consist of small granules of 0.5-2 mm in diameter and preferably of uniform size and
which are free flowing, low dusting and readily disperse in water to form a homogenous
suspension of very small particles which may pass through conventional spray nozzles. WG
formulations disperse in water under gentle mixing. The granules can usually be measured
accurately by volume which is convenient for the user. In view of the above described
6
advantages, the WG formulation of liquid Triazophos will have very good scope to replace
existing EC formulation in agricultural insect control applications.
Accordingly, the invention provides a water dispersible granule formulation of Triazophos,
free of organic solvents, comprising 1-40% w/w Triazophos, wherein liquid Triazophos is
absorbed in a mixture of solid inert adjuvant. Whereas, the inert adjuvant comprises
dispersing agents about 5% to about 10% w/w, wetting agents about 2% to about 5% w/w,
binders upto about 2% w/w, antifoaming agents about 0.1% to about 1.0% w/w, sorptive
fillers and carriers in combinations.
The dispersing agents are selected from the group comprising of polycarboxylates,
naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, phenol sulfonate formaldehyde
condensates, sodium lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulphates, methyl oleyl tauratesalone or
in combination. The wetting agents are selected from the group comprising sulfosuccinates,
naphthalene sulfonates, sulfated esters, alcohol sulfates and alkyl benzene sulfonates, alone
or in combination; the binders are selected from a group comprising starch, methylcellulose,
carboxymethyl cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidones, starch, polyethylene glycols none or alone
or in combination; the antifoaming agent is absorbed polydimetyl siloxane and the sorptive
fillers/ carriers are selected from china clay, bentonite, precipitated silica, fumed silica,
lactose mohohydrate in different combinations.
The wetting time of the water dispersible granules is less than 60 seconds; the suspensibility
of the granules is more than 80% and the granules are stable when subjected to accelerated
temperature storage at 54°C for 14 days.
The water dispersible granule composition/formulation comprises no organic solvent and is
free of any organic solvent.
The invention also discloses a process for preparation of organic solvent free, liquid
Triazophos absorbed, water dispersible granule formulations of Triazophos comprising the
steps of:
a) getting the Triazophos absorbed into the inert filler under slow mixing in a
blender;
b) adding wetting, dispersing, antifoaming agents, more fillers and micronizing the
powder by a grinder;
c) adding 5%- 30% water to above prepared powder under slow mixing (20-25rpm) in a
blender;
d) extruding the wet mass using an extruder to get water dispersible granules;
e) drying the water dispersible granules in an oven over 50-60°C for 4-5 hrs
f) sieving the product in the range 16-30 mesh size to get free flowing granules.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION:
The present invention discloses compositions for the preparation of water dispersible
granules which are safe for the user and non-hazardous to the environment. Further the
present invention provides a water dispersible granule formulation comprising the above
said composition of water dispersible granules. The invention also discloses a process of
preparation of said water dispersible granules composition/formulation.
The novel composition of the present invention comprises liquid active ingredient and solid
inert ingredients selected from wide range of agrochemically acceptable auxiliary materials
like diluents, carriers, wetting deispersing agents, antifoaming agent and binding agents.
The liquid active ingredient is Triazophos (o,o-dielthyl o-l-phynyl 1 H-l,2,4-triazol-3-ylphosphorothioate)
which is an organo-phosphorous insecticide. The composition comprises
active ingredient in a range of 1- 40% w/w.
The sorptive fillers/ carriers are selected from china clay, bentonite, precipitated silica,
fumed silica, lactose monohydrate or combination thereof. In one embodiment different
combinations of sorptive fillers/ carriers are used in the formulation. It is thus capable of
retaining substantial quantities of the liquid active material within the water dispersible
granules.
The following combinations of sorptive filler/ carrier are used:
8
mixture of precipited silica and bentonite in a ratio of 1:1;
mixture of precipited silica, bentonite and lactose monohydrate in a ratio of 1:1:1;
mixture of fumed silica and china clay in a ratio of 1:2;
mixture of precipited silica, bentonite and china clay in a ratio of 1:1.5:2;
mixture of precipited silica, lactose monohydrate and china clay in a ratio of
1:1.5:2.5;
mixture of precipited silica, lactose monohydrate and china clay in a ratio of 1:1.1.4;
mixture of fumed silica and china clay in a ratio of 2:1 ratio.
The dispersing agent is a compound which ensures that the particles remain suspended in
the application mixture and which allows rapid disintegration of the granule in water. The
dispersing agent can be an ionic or non-ionic agent or a mixture of such surface-active
agents. In the present invention, the dispersing agents are selected from the group
comprising polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde condensates, phenol
sulfonate formadehyde condensates, sodium lignosulfonates, calcium lignosulphates,
methyl oleyl taurates in different combinations. The dispersing agent is present in the
composition in a range of about 5% to about 10% of the total weight of the composition in
combination.
In some embodiments preferably mixtures of dispersing agents are used in a specific ratio.
The following combinations of dispersing agents are used:
- sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate and sodium lignin
sulphonate in a ratio of 1:1;
- sodium naphthalene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate, sodium lignin
sulphonate and sodium phenol sulphonate in a ratio of 1:1:1;
- mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and sodium lignin sulphonate in a ratio of
1:1;
- mixture of sodium polycarxylate and etiyne oxide propylene oxide block copolymer
in a ratio of 1:2;
- mixture of sodium polycarboxylate and sodium lignin sulphonate in a ratio of 2:1;
9
- mixture of sodium polycarboxylate and sodium naphthlene sulphonate
formaldehyde condensate in a ratio of 1:2;
- mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and sodium phenol sulphonate
formaldehyde condensate in a ratio of 1:1.5;
- mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and sodium phenol sulphonate
formaldehyde condensate and sodium lignin sulphonate in a ratio of 1:1.5:2.
The wetting agent is a compound which facilitates rapid wetting of the granule when the
granule is introduced into the water. It also improves wetting of the powder at the time of
processing the powder for preparing water dispersible granule formulations. The wetting
agents are selected from the group comprising sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates,
sulfated esters, alcohol sulfate and alkyl benzene sulfonates or any mixtures thereof. The
wetting agent is present in the composition in a range of about 2% to about 5% of the total
weight of the composition alone or in combination from above group.
In some embodiments preferably following combinations of wetting agents are used in a
specific ratio. The following combinations of wetting agents are used:
- mixture of sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium lauryl sulphate in a ratio of 1:1.5;
- mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and sodium lauryl sulphate in a ratio of
1:2;
- mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and sodium lauryl sulphate in a ratio of
1:1.
The binders are selected from a group comprising starch, methylceilulose, carboxymethyl
cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidones, starch, polyethylene glycols, alone or in combination. The
binders are present in the composition upto about 2% of the total weight of the
composition depending upon requirement of the composition for granulation.
The composition further comprises antifoaming agent absorbed polydimetyl siloxane in the
range of 0.1% to 1.0% w/w of water dispersible granule.
10
The present invention further discloses a process for preparation of water dispersible
granules. Many methods have been described in the prior arts for the preparation of water
dispersible granules. In some cases, the liquid active substance is absorbed into previously
formed granules.
Further the active substance is diluted with water or emulsified with an emulsifying agent to
form an emulsion of the liquid active substance, which is then absorbed into the granules.
Dilution of liquid active substance with solvents reduces the active substance load in the
granule and thus the concentration of active substance in the granules becomes poor. In
some cases the active substance is diluted with organic solvents.
The present invention provides a simple process for the preparation of water dispersible
granules formulation which uses no organic solvent. In the process, Tirazophos (a liquid
active substance) is absorbed into sorptive filler under slow mixing in a blender, other fillers
and wetting, dispersing, antifoaming agents , binders are added into this powder and
micronized by a grinder. Thus no solvent is used during this step to form absorbed powder
mixture. This leads to maximum amount of active substance load into the micronized
powder particles. To the above prepared absorbed powder, then water is added to form a
wet mass, which is then granulated with an extruder fitted with a screen to get water
dispersible granules and then dried and sievied to get free flowing granules.
Thus the process for preparation of water dispersible granule formulations of Triazophos
comprising the steps of:
a. getting the Triazophos absorbed into the inert filler under slow mixing in a
blender;
b. adding wetting, dispersing, antifoaming agents, more fillers and micronizing the
powder by a grinder;
c. adding 5%- 30% water to above prepared powder under slow mixing (20-25rpm) in a
blender;
d. extruding the wet mass using an extruder to get water dispersible granules;
e. drying the water dispersible granules in an oven over 50-60°C for 4-5 hrs
f. sieving the product in the range 16-30 mesh size to get free flowing granules.
11
EXAMPLES:
The following are the examples of different compositions for preparing triazophos water
dispersible granules. These are examplanary and explanatory and not restrictive thereof.
Example-1:
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: sodium naphthalene sulphonate
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate
formaldehyde condensate and sodium lignin sulphonate in 1:1 ratio
Binding agent: polyvinyl pyrolidone
Anti-foaming agent: absorbed polydimthyl siloxane powder
Sorptive filler: mixture of precipited silica and bentonite in 1:1 ratio
%w/w
26.7
2.5
8
0.5
0.5
q.s. to 100
Exampie-2:
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: sodium lauryl sulphate
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate
formialdehyde condensate, sodium lignin sulphonate and sodium
phenol sulphonate in 1:1:1 ratio
Binding agent: soluble starch
Anti-foaming agent: absorbed polydimthyl siloxane powder
Sorptive filler: mixture of Precipited silica, bentonite and lactose
monohydrate in 1:1:1 ratio)
%w/w
26.7
3
7
0.8
0.2
q.s. to
100
Example-3:
12
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
5
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: sodium dioctyl sulpho succinate
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and
sodium lignin sulphonate in 1:1 ratio
Anti-foaming agent: absorbed polydimthyl siloxane powder
Sorptive filler: mixture of fumed silica and china clay in 1:2 ratio
%w/w
26.7
3
6
1.0
q.s. to
100
Example-4:
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: sodium dodecyl sulphate
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium polycarxylate and etiyne
oxide propylene oxide block copolymer in 1:2 ratio
Sorptive filler: mixture of precipited silica, bentonite and china
clay in 1:1.5:2 ratio
%w/w
26.7
4
8.5
q.s. to
100
Example-5:
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
5
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: mixture of sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium
lauryl sulphate in 1:1.5 ratio
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium polycarboxylate and sodium
lignin sulphonate in 2:1 ratio
Binding agent: sodium starch glycolate
Sorptive filler: mixture of precipited silica, lactose monohydrate
and china clay in 1:1.5:2.5 ratio
%w/w
26.7
2.5
8
1.0
q.s. to
100
Example-6:
13
SI. No.
1
2
3
4
5
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and
sodium lauryl sulphate in 1:2 ratio
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium polycarboxylate and sodium
naphthlene sulphonate formaldehyde condensate in 1:2 ratio
Binding agent: sodium starch glycolate
Sorptive filler: mixture of precipited silica, lactose monohydrate
and china clay in 1:1.5:2.5 ratio
%w/w
26.7
4
8
1.0
q.s. to
100
Exampie-7:
SI.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Ingredients
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: sodium lauryl sulphate
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and
sodium phenol sulphonate formaldehyde condensate in 1:1.5
ratio
Binding agent: sodium starch glycolate
Anti-foaming agent: absorbed polydimthyl siloxane powder
Sorptive filler: mixture of precipited silica, lactose monohydrate
and china clay in 1:1:1.4 ratio
%w/w
26.7
4
8
1.0
1.0
q.s. to
100
Example-8:
SI.No. Ingredients %w/w
14
1
2
3
4
5
6
Triazophos (Technical Grade -75% a.i.)
Wetting agent: mixture of sodium naphthalene sulphonate and
sodium iauryl sulphate in 1:1 ratio
Dispersing agent: mixture of sodium methyl olelyl taurate and
sodium phenol sulphonate formaldehyde condensate and
sodium lignin sulphonate in 1:1.5:2 ratio
Binding agent: polyvinyl pyrolidone
Anti-foaming agent/ absorbed polydimthyl siloxane powder
Sorptive filler: mixture of fumed silica and china clay in 2:1 ratio
53.4
4
8
1.0
1.0
q.s. to
100
Physico-chemical analysis
The samples prepared by above compositions were analyzed in the laboratory for major
physic-chemical parameters. The wetting time test was conducted as per method no. 53.3.1,
International CIPAC Hand book. The wetting time in all the samples was less than 60
seconds which indicate that triazophos WG will give very fast wetting at the time of
preparing spray solutions in agricultural fields.
Suspensibility analysis was conducted as per method no. 168, International CIPAC Hand
book. Suspensibility of all the samples was more than 80%, indicating that triazophos WG
will provide a stable spray suspension in water, thus homogeneous distribution of active
ingredient on target site in agricultural fields will be ensured to achieve effective control of
insects.
The storage stability test was conducted as per method no. 46.1, International CIPAC Hand
book. The samples were found stable when subjected to accelerated temperature storage
at 54°C for 14 days, which is equivalent to 2 years shelf-life at ambient temperature.
15
Bio-efficacy Testing of Trizophos Water Dispersible Granules Formulation:
Triazophos WG were tested for bio-efficacy comparison with existing triazophos EC
formulation in cotton crop. Cotton is one of the most important cash crops playing a key
role in the economy of Indian farmers. In India about 156 species of insect pests have been
reported to be associated with cotton. The major pests are white flies {Bemesia tabaci),
spotted bollworms (Earias vittella and E. insulana), aphids (Aphis gossypii), thrips (Thrips
tabaci), leaf hoppers {Amrasca biguttula biguttula), pink bollworms {Pectinoptiora
gossypiella) and American bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera). The field experiment was
conducted with Triazophos 20 % WG prepared in the laboratory for the management of
white fly and spotted bollworm of cotton.
Flied experiments were conducted at Experimental Research Farm of Institute of pesticide
Formulation Technology, Gurgaon (Haryana, India), to evaluate the efficacy of new
formulation of Triazophos 20 % WG in comparison with conventional formulation i.e.
Triazophos 20 % EC. The experiment was conducted in plots of 7 x 2 sq.m. size in
randomised Block Design with five treatments. Viz. T l Triazophos 20 % WG (600 g a.i./ha),
T2 Triazophos 20 % WG (800 g a.i./ha), T3 Triazophos 20 % EC (600 g a.i./ha), T4 Triazophos
20 % EC (800 g a.i./ha) and T5 Untreated control. All treatments were replicated three times
using cotton variety DCH 32. Total two sprayings were given with Knapsack sprayer.
The observations on the number of white fly and spotted bollworm were made on ten
randomly selected plants in each plot. The number of white fly per leaf was calculated based
on the number of insects on three leaves, each taken from top, middle and bottom portion
of each plant. Observations on the number of bolls damaged per plant were recorded. The
crop was also observed for phytotoxicity symptoms like leaf injury, chlorosis, necrosis,
wilting, epinasty and hyponasty after treatments.
Finally the yield data was collected by harvesting cotton from, five randomly selected plants
per plot and converting into yield per hectare. Results of bioefficacy experiment are given in
table-1 and table-2.
16
Table-1; Bio-efficacy of Triazophos 20% WG against White Fly and Spotted Bollworm in
Cotton Crop
Tr.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Treatment
Triazophos 20 % WG @600
g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % WG @800
g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % EC @600
g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % EC (S>800
g a i/ha
Untreated control
Avg. No. of
white fly/leaf
5.23
4.85
6.87
6.01
8.89
Avg. percent spotted
bollworm damage
7.03
3.50
10.05
, 8.31
10.85
Yield
(q/h)
19.25
20.56
16.01
17.89
14.03
Table-2: Effect of Triazophos 20% WG on Natural Enemies in Cotton Crop
Tr.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Treatment
Triazophos 20 % WG @600 g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % WG @800 g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % EC @600 g a i/ha
Triazophos 20 % EC (5)800 g a i/ha
Untreated control
Avg. No. of
cocinellides/mt row
4.01
3.52
3.23
3.06
4.25
Avg. No. of
spiders/mt row
5.67
4.33
4.67
4.33
5.02
17
The results of average population of white fly per leaf are presented in Table-1. The data
reveals that all the formulations treatment were significantly superior over untreated
control which recorded white fly population per leaf 8.89 nos/leaf. The treatment of
Triazophos 20 % WG @800 g a i/ha recorded lowest (4.85) number of white fly per leaf per
plant. It was followed by next best treatments of Triazophos 20 % WG @ 600 g a i/ha (5,23)
and Triazophos 20 % EC @ 800 g a i/ha (6.01) respectively.
The data on percent spotted bollworm damage revealed that all the formulations
treatments were significantly superior over untreated control. The data revealed that the
lowest (3.5%) damage of spotted bollworm was recorded in Triazophos 20 % WG @ 800 g a
i/ha followed by Triazophos 20 % WG @ 600 g a i/ha (7.03%) and Triazophos 20 % EC @ 800
g a i/ha (8.31%). The untreated control exhibited highest spotted bollworm damage
(10.85%).
Highest (20.56q/ha) yield was recorded in Triazophos 20 % WG @ 800g a i/ha and lowest In
Triazophos 20 % EC@600 g a i/ ha (16.01q/ha) and significantly higher than yield was
recorded in untreated check (14.03 q/ha).
The observations on the counts of natural enemies viz coccinellids and spider are presented
in Table-2. It is evident from the data that there was no significant difference in the
population of natural enemies recorded in chemical treatments and untreated control.
Therefore, the formulations are safe to the natural enemies of insects.
There were no visual phytotoxicity symptoms (leaf injury, chlorosis, necrosis, wilting,
epinasty and hyponasty etc) noticed on cotton crop and crop was found completely safe to
the treatments applied as foliar spray.
Hence, it may concluded from the experimental results that Triazophos WG superior to
triazophos EC in respect of bio-efficacy and yield increment and can be effectively used for
management of whitefly and spotted bollworm in cotton crop.
18

• 2 »
WE CLAIM:
1. Water dispersible granules formulation of Triazophos, free of organic solvents,
comprising 1-40% w/w Triazophos, wherein liquid Triazophos is absorbed in a
mixture of solid inert adjuvant.
2. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the solid inert adjuvant comprises
dispersing agents, wetting agents, binders, antifoaming agents, sorptive fillers and
carriers.
3. The formulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the dispersing agents are present in
the
range of 5% to 10% w/w.
4. The formulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the wetting agents are present in the
range
of 2% to 5% w/w.
5. The formulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the binders are present upto 2% w/w.
6. The formulation as claimed in claim 2, wherein the antifoaming agents are present in
the
range of 0.1% to 2.0% w/w.
7. The formulation as claimed in claim 3, wherein the dispersing agents are selected
from the group consisting of polycarboxylates, naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde
condensates, phenol sulfonate condensates, sodium lignosuifonates, calcium
lignosulphates and methyl oleyl taurates or combinations thereof.
19
,..,r^V
8. The formulation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the wetting agents are selected from
the group consisting of sulfosuccinates, naphthalene sulfonates, sulfated esters, sulfated
alcohol and a Iky I benzene sulfonates or combinations thereof.
9. The formulation as claimed in claim 5, wherein the binders are selected from the
group consisting of starch, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose,
polyvinylpyrrolidones, starch and polyethylene glycols or combination thereof.
10. The formulation as claimed in claim 6, wherein the antifoaming agent is absorbed
polydimetyl siloxane.
11. The formulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorptive fillers/ carriers are
selected from china clay, bentonite, precipitated silica, fumed silica and lactose
monohydrate in different combinations.
12. A process for preparation of organic solvent free, liquid Triazophos absorbed, water
dispersible granule formulations of Triazophos comprising the steps of:
a. getting the Triazophos absorbed into the inert filler under slow mixing in a
blender;
b. adding wetting, dispersing, antifoaming agents, more fillers and micronizing the
powder by a grinder;
c. adding 5%- 30% water to above prepared powder under slow mixing (20-25rpm) in a
blender;
d. extruding the wet mass using an extruder to get water dispersible granules;
e. drying the water dispersible granules in an oven over 50-60°C for 4-5 hrs
f. sieving the product in the range 16-30 mesh size to get free flowing granules.