[0001]
　The present invention, water treatment apparatus, and its operation method.
Background technique
[0002]
　Desalination and seawater, as a technique for performing purification of industrial water, water treatment apparatus using a reverse osmosis membrane has been put to practical use. As a specific example, there is known a technique described in Patent Document 1. The film processing apparatus disclosed in Patent Document 1, each upstream stage side of the membrane module bank with a plurality of membrane modules, and a membrane module bank downstream stage, the raw water to the upstream stage side of the membrane module bank (the It has a pump for pumping the treated water), and.
[0003]
　However, in such devices, with respect to the proportion of fresh water that is recovered from the treatment water such as seawater (fresh water recovery ratio), in advance the target value is defined. When freshwater recovery is too high, the salt concentration in the concentrated water is a component of the fresh water is separated residual resulting in excessively increased. If the concentrated water of high salt concentrations were discharged into the environment, there is concern that environmental load increases. Therefore, if desalinate example seawater, freshwater recovery rate is set to about 25 to 40%.
[0004]
　Meanwhile, with the continuous operation of the device, if the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane is decreased, fresh water recovery ratio is relatively decreased. In this case, by increasing the supply pressure of the water to be treated for the reverse osmosis membrane, it is necessary to compensate for the decrease of the fresh water recovery. To increase the fresh water recovery ratio, by increasing the output of the pump, the supply pressure of the water to be treated for the reverse osmosis membrane is enhanced. By the pressure of the water to be treated is increased, the amount of fresh water that is separated in the reverse osmosis membrane is increased, fresh water recovery starts to rise.
CITATION
Patent Literature
[0005]
Patent Document 1: JP 2013-22544 JP
Summary of the Invention
Problems that the Invention is to Solve
[0006]
　However, with the fresh water recovery as described above is increased, the amount of concentrated water to be separated from the treated water is reduced. That is, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, the amount of concentrated water from the upstream stage side of the membrane module bank is supplied to the membrane module banks of the downstream stage is decreased. Furthermore, in the device using a reverse osmosis membrane, the lower limit value is set to the amount of concentrated water discharged from the one per element (flow rate). When the amount of the concentrated water is below the lower limit, problems such as scale deposits is caused by an increase in membrane surface concentration by concentration polarization at the membrane module, there is sufficient separation may not be performed enrichment. Accordingly, in the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, fresh water recovery becomes limited.
[0007]
　The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and aims to improve the fresh water recovery and utilization of the water treatment apparatus.
Means for Solving the Problems
[0008]
　The present invention employs the following means to solve the above problems.
　According to a first aspect of the present invention, the water treatment device has a plurality of primary elements of a reverse osmosis unit for performing are arranged in parallel with each other, the process of separating the treated water into the primary concentrated water and freshwater a primary unit, a pump for pumping the water to be treated to the primary unit, together with the less number than the primary elements are provided, are arranged in parallel with each other, the primary concentrated water to the secondary concentrated water and freshwater and a secondary unit having a secondary element of a reverse osmosis unit that performs processing of separating out of the primary unit and the secondary unit, provided only in the secondary unit, among the plurality of secondary element and a switching unit for disconnecting the disabling process at least one of.
[0009]
　According to the above configuration, by increasing the output of the pump, fresh water is recovered from the secondary unit ratio relative to the deposition of the water to be treated (freshwater recovery) increases. When fresh water recovery ratio increases, the amount of the primary concentrated water flowing into per secondary element is reduced in the secondary unit.
　Here, the primary element, and a reverse osmosis membrane device, such as a secondary element, the lower limit value is set to the amount of concentrated water to be introduced. In the water treatment apparatus, if the amount of primary concentrated water as described above is reduced, at least one secondary element is and processed disabled disconnected by the switching unit. Thus, for the remainder of the secondary elements except the secondary elements, separated, it is possible to guide the primary concentrated water above the lower limit of the above.
[0010]
　According to a second aspect of the present invention, the water treatment apparatus according to the first aspect, at least one of said secondary element, guiding the primary concentrated water supplied from the primary unit to the secondary element comprising the introduction line, and the secondary concentrated water line the secondary concentrated water that has been separated from the primary concentrated water flows, a fresh water line the fresh water that is separated from the primary concentrated water flows, wherein the switching unit includes a second valve provided in the second concentrated water line on a first valve provided on the fresh water line, and a third valve provided on the introduction line, may have a .
[0011]
　According to the above configuration, the first valve, the second valve, by a third valve is closed, respectively, can easily be cut off particular secondary element. In particular, these first valve, the second valve, since the use of a third valve as switch unit, it is possible to perform the opening and closing of the valve during operation of the device. Thus, without stopping the water treatment device, it is possible to separate the second element. In other words, without lowering the operating rate of the water treatment apparatus, it is possible to decouple the secondary element.
[0012]
　According to a third aspect of the present invention save, the second water treatment apparatus according to the aspect, that provided between the third valve on the inlet line and the secondary element, which is supplied from the outside a storage solution supply line for guiding the liquid to the secondary element, provided between said second valve and said second element in the second concentrated water line on, discharging the stored liquid to the outside from the secondary element a storage liquid discharge line for a fourth valve provided on the storage liquid discharge on the line, may be provided.
[0013]
　According to the above configuration, the secondary element has become detached and unhandled can supply the stored liquid. Thus, it is possible to reduce the fouling of reverse osmosis membranes in the secondary element. Furthermore, in the case of returning to the again separated systems of secondary elements which, by opening the fourth valve may be discharged through which preservation solution discharge line. In addition, without stopping the water treatment device, it is possible to perform the discharge and supply of the storage solution only by opening and closing of the valve. Thus, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the operating rate of the water treatment apparatus.
[0014]
　According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the water treatment apparatus according to any one of the above one aspect, the water to be treated, the primary concentrated water, the secondary concentrated water, at least in one characteristic value of the fresh water measurement a measuring unit for, with the characteristic value, based on a comparison of the predetermined reference value, and a control unit for controlling the operation of the switching unit may be provided.
[0015]
　According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the water treatment apparatus according to the fourth aspect, the measurement unit, the water to be treated, the primary concentrated water, the secondary concentrated water, at least one of the fresh water temperature, or electrical conductivity is measured in the control unit, the temperature, or based on the value of the electrical conductivity may be provided with a calculation unit for calculating the Langelier saturation index as the characteristic value (LSI) .
[0016]
　According to the above configuration, water to be treated, the primary concentrated water, secondary concentrated water, depending on in at least one quality of fresh water, it is possible to maximize the fresh water recovery ratio by the water treatment device. In particular, by providing the control unit and the measurement unit, by autonomously adjusting the performance of the water treatment device to changes in the water quality due to seasonal variations, it is possible to flexibly cope with the change.
[0017]
　According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, disconnect the at least one secondary element from the water treatment apparatus according to a fifth any one aspect from the second, the method of operating a water treatment device, said first valve closing at the steps of closing the fresh water lines, after closing the first valve, the steps of closing the secondary concentrated water line by closing the second valve, closing said second valve later, including the steps of closing the inlet line by closing the third valve.
[0018]
　According to the above method, fresh water line is closed at first by closing the first valve. As a result, the discharge of fresh water is stopped. In this case, the secondary elements were subject to disconnection, without primary concentrated water is substantially concentrated, it is discharged through the secondary concentrated water line. Thereafter, by closing the third valve, the introduction of the primary concentrated water with respect to the secondary element is also stopped. Thus, it is possible to suppress the deposition of scale in the secondary element.
　On the other hand, when closing the second valve before the closing of the first valve, for the primary concentrated water of high pressure continues to be supplied to the secondary element, it takes a high load on the secondary elements. In other words, the primary retentate in the secondary element from being excessively concentrated. As a result, there is a possibility that the salts contained in the primary concentrate is precipitated in the secondary element as scale. However, according to the driving method as described above, by beginning the discharge of fresh water is stopped, it becomes impossible enrichment and separation in the secondary element. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the deposition of scale.
Effect of the invention
[0019]
　Water treatment apparatus of the present invention, and according to the method of operating a water treatment apparatus, it is possible to improve the fresh water recovery and utilization.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020]
Is a system diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to the first embodiment of FIG. 1 the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a process diagram illustrating a method of operating the water treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Is a system diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to the second embodiment of FIG. 3 the invention.
4 is a system diagram showing a water treatment apparatus according to a modification of the present invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021]
First Embodiment
　For the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIG. 1, the water treatment device 1 according to this embodiment, the intake line L1 treatment water SW flows, a pump P for pumping the downstream water to be treated SW from an upstream water intake line L1, a plurality reverse osmosis unit (primary element E1, the secondary element E2) in preparation primary unit U1 having, and a secondary unit U2, a connecting line Lc connecting these primary unit U1 and a secondary unit U2 to each other, the there. Furthermore, the water treatment device 1, storage solution supply for supplying the stored liquid and switching unit 2 for disconnecting the secondary element E2 so as not to processing during the secondary unit U2, the decoupled secondary element E2 It has a device 3, a.
[0022]
　Intake line L1 is a flow path for guiding the treated water SW supplied from the outside to the water treatment device 1. On the upstream side of the intake line L1, for example, pre-processing unit (not shown) is provided. In the pretreatment device, it or oxidizing agent for suppressing the organisms contained in the sea water is attached to the apparatus, fine particles, addition of the agent for aggregating the colloid, and adjustment of pH is carried out. More specifically, such hypochlorite is preferably used as the oxidizing agent. Further, as the coagulant and an inorganic coagulant such as ferric chloride, polymer flocculants such as PAC are used. Suspension are agglomerated by these coagulants are removed by sand filter.
[0023]
　Thus, treated water SW that has been subjected to pretreatment, by a pump P provided on intake line L1, is pumped from the upstream side to the downstream side in said mounting water line L1.
[0024]
　Primary unit U1, and the secondary unit U2 is a device for separating and concentrating by reverse osmosis treated water SW guided by the intake line L1. Primary unit U1 includes a plurality of primary elements E1 arranged in parallel with each other, a primary distribution line Ld1 for distributing the water to be treated SW in intake line L1 relative to the plurality of primary elements E1, emissions from the primary element E1 is primary concentrated water CW1, and freshwater (primary freshwater FW1) has primary catchment line Lg1 flowing respectively, and the primary freshwater line Lf1, the.
[0025]
　Primary Element E1 is a reverse osmosis membrane (RO membrane: Reverse Osmosis Membrane) such as a hollow fiber membrane or a spiral membrane is the reverse osmosis unit provided inside the. Each primary element E1 includes an exterior member called a vessel is provided with a reverse osmosis membrane arranged inside the vessel, mainly. Furthermore, the vessel, the primary inlet E11 connected to the distribution line, a primary catchment line Lg1, and primary freshwater line Lf1 primary condensing Mizuguchi respectively connected to E12, and primary freshwater collecting Mizuguchi E13, is provided It is.
[0026]
　Primary unit U1 is constituted by the primary element E1 is arranged in parallel with each other. In the present embodiment as an example, five primary elements E1 are arranged in parallel. More specifically, the downstream end of the intake line L1, a primary inlet E11 of each primary element E1 are connected to one another by the distribution lines. Furthermore, the primary condensing water line Lg1 includes a primary condensing Mizuguchi E12 of each of the primary elements E1, are connected to each other and the upstream end of the connecting line Lc (described later). Primary freshwater line Lf1 is a flow path for discharging and recovering separated fresh water to the outside in each primary element E1. Downstream of the primary freshwater line Lf1 is and tanks for storing the recovered fresh water, equipment is connected for applying a further filtration (both not shown).
[0027]
　The secondary unit U2 is a configuration similar to that the primary unit U1, a device for further separation and concentration of the primary concentrated water CW1 generated by the primary unit U1. More specifically, the secondary unit U2 is partitioned with a plurality of secondary elements E2 arranged in parallel with one another, these for a plurality of secondary element E2, a primary concentrated water CW1 generated by the primary unit U1 secondary distribution lines Ld2 and (introduction line), the secondary concentrate CW2 discharged from the secondary element E2, and freshwater (secondary freshwater FW2) flows respectively secondary catchment line Lg2 (secondary concentrated water lines ), and it has a secondary freshwater line Lf2 (freshwater line), the.
[0028]
　Although the secondary element E2 is reverse osmosis membrane apparatus having the same structure as performance and Primary Element E1 above, distinguish these in the following description. The vessel of the secondary element E2, secondary and secondary inlet E21 connected to the dispensing line Ld2, secondary catchment line Lg2, and secondary freshwater line secondary convex respectively connected to Lf2 Mizuguchi E22 and, a secondary fresh water collection Mizuguchi E23, is provided.
[0029]
　Similar to the primary unit U1, the secondary unit U2 is composed of a plurality of secondary element E2 is arranged in parallel with each other. The number of secondary element E2 in the secondary unit U2 is set smaller than the number of primary element E1 in the primary unit U1. In the present embodiment, three secondary element E2 is provided in the secondary unit U2.
[0030]
　Connection lines Lc are connected with the downstream side of the primary unit U1, and a secondary unit U2. More specifically, the connection line Lc connects the downstream end of the respective primary catchment line Lg1 in the primary unit U1, the upstream end of each secondary distribution lines Ld2 in the secondary unit U2 to each other ing. Thus, the primary concentrated water CW1 generated by the primary unit U1, the primary condensing water line Lg1, connection lines Lc, and by distribution in the order of the secondary distribution lines Ld2, each secondary element E2 of the secondary unit U2 It is distributed. In the secondary element E2, by the primary concentrated water CW1 is further separation and concentration, fresh water and (secondary freshwater FW2), and the secondary concentrated water CW2 as a component of the residual except the secondary freshwater FW2 is generated It is. Fresh water is recovered through the secondary fresh water line Lf2. After secondary concentrated water CW2 is recovered through secondary catchment line Lg2, and is discharged to the outside via the post-processing by an external equipment (not shown).
[0031]
　Furthermore, the water treatment device 1, the switching unit 2 for disconnecting one secondary element E2 in the secondary unit U2 from the system provided in this embodiment. In the following description, among the total of three secondary element E2, the secondary element E2 to switching unit 2 is provided, it referred to as a switch for a secondary element E2x.
[0032]
　More specifically, the switching unit 2 includes a three valve provided in each line of the switch for the secondary element E2x (first valve V1, the second valve V2, the third valve V3). By adjusting the opening of these valves, it is possible to switch the circulation status of each line (open or closed).
[0033]
　The first valve V1 is provided on the secondary freshwater line Lf2 in switching the secondary element E2x. Thus, the distribution state of the secondary freshwater FW2 flowing medium secondary freshwater line Lf2 is adjusted. The second valve V2, is provided on the secondary catchment line Lg2 in the switching for the secondary element E2x. Thus, the distribution state of the secondary concentrate CW2 circulating medium Lg2 secondary catchment line is adjusted. The third valve V3 is provided on the secondary distribution lines Ld2 in the switching for the secondary element E2x. Thus, the distribution state of the primary concentrated water CW1 flowing medium secondary distribution lines Ld2 is adjusted.
[0034]
　These first valve V1, the second valve V2, the line is closed by closing the third valve V3, respectively. Thus, the supply of the primary concentrated water CW1 for switching the secondary element E2x, and secondary freshwater FW2 and the discharge of the secondary concentrated water CW2 is stopped, the process impossible. That is, the secondary element E2x for switching is in a state of being disconnected from the grid.
[0035]
　Further in the water treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, the storage solution supply device 3 for supplying the stored liquid on the detached secondary element E2 provided. This apparatus above two for switching disconnected from the grid by the switching unit 2 in order elements E2x, a device for supplying the stored liquid. In detached switching secondary element E2x, since the water flow against the reverse osmosis membrane is not performed, a state of concentrated water stagnates. If such a state for a long period continues, due to the deterioration or corrosion of the concentrated water, it is possible that performance degradation of the reverse osmosis membrane is produced in the secondary element E2. Therefore, in the water treatment device 1, by preservation solution supply device 3 described above, by supplying the stored liquid in the secondary element E2, thereby achieving the protection of the secondary element E2.
[0036]
　To be more specific, the storage solution supply device 3 includes a storage solution supply line Lp1 is connected to the secondary distribution lines Ld2 in the switching for the secondary element E2x, preservation solution discharge line is connected to the secondary water collecting line Lg2 Lp2 When, and a fourth valve V4 for controlling the flow state of the storage liquid discharge line Lp2, a.
[0037]
　Storage solution supply line Lp1 has a tank for storing the preserving liquid (not shown), an on the secondary distribution lines Ld2, the region between the third valve V3 and the secondary element E2 (secondary inlet E21) connecting the door. Preservative solution in the tank through the storage solution supply line Lp1 is fed into the secondary distribution lines Ld2. Moreover, the preservation solution discharge line Lp2 is a on the secondary catchment line Lg2, and extends toward the outside from the region between the second valve V2 and the secondary element E2. By opening the fourth valve V4, the primary concentrated water CW1 which accumulated in the switching secondary element E2x, the surplus ingredient stock solution is respectively pushed out.
[0038]
　Next, FIG. 1 configuration methods of operating the water treatment device 1 as described above, or with reference to FIG. 2 will be described.
　Under normal operating conditions, the first valve V1 in the switching unit 2, the second valve V2, and the third valve V3 is opened either. On the other hand, the fourth valve V4 is closed. By driving the pump P in this state, the water to be treated SW is led to the primary unit U1 via the intake line L1. Treatment water SW pressurized by the pump P is passed through a high pressure state with respect to the reverse osmosis membrane of each primary element E1.
[0039]
　In the primary unit U1, reverse osmosis is carried out with respect to the treatment water SW in each primary element E1. Thus, in the primary element E1 includes a primary concentrated water CW1 salinity and the like in the treatment water SW is concentrated primary freshwater FW1 and a residual component excluding the primary concentrated water CW1 (fresh water) is generated . More specifically, among the water to be treated SW, the primary fresh water FW1 by fresh water component reaches the downstream through the reverse osmosis membrane. By primary freshwater FW1 is transmitted to the downstream side, the upstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane, salts contained in the treated water SW is concentrated. Thus, the primary concentrated water CW1 are generated at the upstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane. In the downstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane, a pressure of the primary freshwater FW1 is smaller than the pressure of the treated water SW.
[0040]
　Primary freshwater FW1 is recovered to the outside through the above-mentioned primary freshwater line Lf1. The primary concentrated water CW1, after collected in the primary catchment line Lg1, and flows into the secondary unit U2 on the downstream side via the connection line Lc. In the secondary unit U2, the primary concentrated water CW1 which has flowed through the connecting line Lc is respectively distributed to the secondary element E2 by secondary distribution lines Ld2.
[0041]
　Among the secondary element E2, similarly to the primary element E1, and concentrated freshwater isolation and salts from the primary concentrated water CW1 is performed. That is, as the fresh ingredients in the primary concentrated water CW1 secondary freshwater FW2, and a component of the residual secondary concentrated water CW2 except the secondary freshwater FW2 are generated.
[0042]
　Secondary freshwater FW2 is recovered to the outside by the secondary freshwater FW2 collecting water line. Secondary concentrated water CW2, after collected in the secondary catchment line Lg2, and is discharged into the outside environment. By the above operation is continuously performed, the water to be treated SW (seawater) is desalinated.
[0043]
　Incidentally, the water treatment device 1 as described above, the volume ratio of fresh water that is recovered from the treated water SW (freshwater recovery) in advance the target value is defined. For example, to desalinate seawater, freshwater recovery rate is set to about 25 to 40%. However, with the continuous operation of the device, if the performance of the reverse osmosis membrane is decreased, fresh water recovery is relatively lowered, which may fall below the target value of the. In this case, by increasing the output of the pump P, the supply pressure of the water to be treated SW for reverse osmosis membrane is enhanced. By the pressure of the water to be treated SW increases, the amount of fresh water that is separated in the reverse osmosis membrane is increased, fresh water recovery starts to rise.
[0044]
　However, with the fresh water recovery as described above is increased, the amount of secondary concentrated water CW2 is separated from treated water SW is reduced. That is, the amount of concentrated water discharged from per one element 1 secondary unit U2 is reduced. Here, in the apparatus using a reverse osmosis membrane, the lower limit value is set to the amount of concentrated water discharged from per one element (flow rate). When the amount of the secondary concentrated water falls below this lower limit, defects such as scale deposits is caused by concentration polarization in the secondary unit U2 (secondary element E2), there is sufficient separation may not be performed enrichment.
[0045]
　Therefore, the water treatment apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment, by separating by the switching unit 2 to switching secondary element E2x from the system, one element in the remainder of the secondary elements E2 excluding switching secondary element E2x and relatively increase the amount of concentrate per. Thus, the amount of secondary concentrated water discharged from the respective secondary element E2, may be greater than the lower limit.
[0046]
　As more specifically shown in FIG. 2, as a method for operating the water treatment apparatus 1 for separating the switching secondary element E2x, a step of closing the first valve V1, the step of closing the second valve V2, the step of closing a three-valve V3 is executed in the order of more. First, by closing the first valve V1, the flow of secondary freshwater FW2 stops during secondary freshwater line Lf2 (freshwater line). Subsequently, in the second valve V2 closed after closing the first valve V1, the flow of CW2 is stopped secondary concentrated water in the secondary catchment line Lg2 (secondary concentrated water CW2 line). Next, by closing the third valve V3 after closing the second valve V2, the secondary water collecting line Lg2 is closed. Thus, the supply of the primary concentrated water CW1 by secondary catchment line Lg2 is stopped.
[0047]
　Thus, switching the secondary element E2x is disconnected from other secondary element E2. Incidentally, the primary concentrated water CW1 is temporarily retained during this time switching for a secondary element E2x.
[0048]
　Then, opening the fourth valve V4 on the preservation solution discharge line Lp2. Thus, preservation solution through preservation solution supply line Lp1 is filled into switching secondary element E2x. In other words, the primary concentrated water CW1 that staying in switching the secondary element E2x is discharged extruded by storage solution from the storage solution discharge line Lp2 outside. By the above, the interior of the switch for a secondary element E2x is in the state of being filled with preservation fluid. After the filling of the storage solution is completed is confirmed, the fourth valve V4 is closed.
[0049]
　As described above, the water treatment apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, by increasing the output of the pump P, the primary unit U1, the amount of fresh water that is recovered from the secondary unit U2 is increased, respectively. When fresh water recovery ratio increases, the amount of the secondary concentrate CW2 discharged from per one E21 secondary elements in secondary unit U2 is reduced.
[0050]
　Generally, the reverse osmosis unit, a lower limit value is set to the amount of concentrated water discharged from per single element. In the water treatment apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, when the amount of the secondary concentrate CW2 as described above is reduced, at least one secondary element E2 is and processed disabled disconnected by the switching unit 2. Thus, for the remainder of the secondary elements E2 except that detached secondary elements E2 (switching secondary element E2x), it can lead to secondary concentrated water CW2 above the lower limit of the above.
[0051]
　Furthermore, disconnection of the switching for the secondary element E2x, the first valve V1, the second valve V2, can be easily performed by the third valve V3 is closed, respectively. In addition, these first valve V1, the second valve V2, the third valve V3 may be opened and closed in the water treatment apparatus 1 of the passing water (in operation). That is, in the water treatment apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, without stopping the operation, it is possible to decouple the switching secondary element E2x. Thus, without lowering the operating rate of the water treatment apparatus 1, it is possible to decouple the secondary element E2, it is possible to improve the maximum value of the fresh water recovery as a result.
[0052]
　Here, for example, instead of the switching unit 2, when taking a structure to separate from the system by closing a part of the secondary element E2 by the plug, the water flow to the apparatus during installation of the plug (driving device) there arises a need to stop. In contrast, in the water treatment apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, since it is using the switching unit 2, without stopping the operation of the water treatment device 1, is to disconnect the switching secondary element E2x it can. Thus, it is possible to avoid a decrease in operating rate of the water treatment apparatus 1.
[0053]
　Further, with respect to the detached and of disabling it is switched for secondary elements E2x, storage solution is supplied. By preserving liquid is filled, since the primary concentrated water CW1 is pushed out, it is possible to reduce the fouling of the secondary element E2. Furthermore, in the case of returning again to line switching for a secondary element E2x, by opening the fourth valve V4, it can be easily discharged through this preservative solution discharge line Lp2. That is, the water treatment device 1 without stopping, can be discharged and supply the stored liquid only by opening and closing of the valve. Thus, it is possible to further suppress a decrease in operating rate of the water treatment apparatus 1.
[0054]
　Further, according to the operating method of the above-described water treatment device 1, when disconnecting the switching secondary element E2x, first fresh water line is closed by closing the first valve V1. As a result, the discharge of fresh water is stopped. At this time, the secondary element E2 which is the object of the disconnection, without primary concentrated water CW1 is substantially concentrated, it is discharged through the secondary concentrated water CW2 line. Thereafter, by closing the third valve V3, the introduction of the primary concentrated water CW1 relative to the secondary element E2 is also stopped. Thus, it is possible to suppress the deposition of scale in switching the secondary element E2x.
[0055]
　On the other hand, when closing the second valve V2 prior to the closing of the first valve V1, since the pressure of the primary concentrated water CW1 is continuously supplied to the switching secondary element E2x, high load in switching the secondary element E2x it takes. In other words, the primary concentrated water CW1 In switching the secondary element E2x from being excessively concentrated. As a result, there is a possibility that the salts contained in the primary concentrate CW1 is precipitated as a scale. However, according to the driving method as described above, initially by discharging freshwater (secondary freshwater FW2) is stopped, it becomes impossible separation and concentration in switching the secondary element E2x. Therefore, it is possible to sufficiently suppress the deposition of scale.
[0056]
　It has been described with reference to the drawings for the first embodiment of the present invention. However, the above-described configuration is only an example and can be subjected to various modifications.
[0057]
[Second Embodiment]
　Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Incidentally, the same reference numerals are given to configurations similar to the first embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
　As shown in FIG. 3, the water treatment apparatus 1 according to this embodiment, two secondary elements E2 are respectively switched for a secondary element E2x during the secondary unit U2. Furthermore, these two switching secondary element E2x, and the each of the aforementioned switching unit 2 (the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the third valve V3), and the preservative solution supplying apparatus 3, are provided . That is, in the water treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment, two secondary elements E2 is configured to be disconnected individually.
[0058]
　The two switching the secondary element E2x are both disconnected similar steps to the procedure described in the first embodiment described above from the system by repeating each. That is, in the two one switch for secondary elements E2x of the first valve V1, the second valve V2, after closing sequentially third valve V3, respectively, by opening and closing the fourth valve V4, for the switching filling of disconnection and the preservative solution of the secondary element E2x is performed.
[0059]
　As described above, after disconnecting the one switching secondary element E2x, still concentrated water of the secondary element E2 is if below the lower limit, further disconnecting the other switching secondary element E2x it is, it is possible to secure a sufficient amount of secondary concentrated water in each secondary element E2. That is, in the water treatment apparatus 1 of this embodiment, since the two switching secondary element E2x is provided, it is possible to increase the output of the further pump P as compared with the first embodiment described above. Thus, fresh water recovery ratio of the water treatment apparatus 1, and the maximum value can be further improved.
[0060]
　Incidentally, in the above embodiment, among the three secondary elements E2, an example was described in which the two secondary elements E2 and switching the secondary element E2x. However, there is no limitation to the number of switching secondary element E2x, for example all three secondary element E2 may be set as a switch for the secondary element E2x. In short, as long as at least one secondary element E2 is a separable during the secondary unit U2. Thus, with the increasing number of switching secondary element E2x, you are possible to further improve the upper limit value of the fresh water recovery.
[0061]
　Furthermore, when operating the switch section 2 and the storage solution supply device 3 in the embodiments described above may be performed by an operator's hand may be performed by the control unit 4 as shown in FIG. 4 . When using a control unit 4, on the intake line L1 described above, and on the connection line Lc, water (water to be treated SW in each line by providing a measuring unit 5, a primary concentrated water CW1, secondary concentrated water CW2, primary freshwater FW1, characteristic value of the secondary freshwater FW2) is measured. Based on these characteristic values, the control unit 4 switch unit 2 for controlling the (first valve V1, the second valve V2, opening and closing of the third valve V3).
[0062]
　More specifically, as the measuring unit 5, the apparatus and capable to measure the electrical conductivity of the water, such as thermometer is appropriately used.
[0063]
　The controller 4 determines that the calculation unit 41 for calculating a characteristic value based on the value obtained by measurement by the measurement unit 5, the operation necessity of switching unit 2 on the basis of the characteristic value calculated by the arithmetic unit 41 a determination unit 42 which instructs the valve switching unit 2 (the first valve V1, the second valve V2, the third valve V3, the fourth valve V4) the opening of an electrical signal based on the determination of the determination unit 42 It has a signal generator 43, a.
[0064]
　When employing the above configuration, the measurement section 5, the electrical conductivity of the water, temperature, LSI (Langelier Saturation Index: Langeliar Saturation Index) continuously measuring the characteristic values ​​such as. Determining unit 42 in the control unit 4 performs with these characteristic values, the comparison with the reference value or reference range determined in advance. If it meets the reference value or reference range, the determination unit 42 determines that it is possible to raise the fresh water recovery ratio, performs disconnection of the secondary element E2x for switching by the switching unit 2. The control unit 4 by opening and closing the fourth valve V4, may be performed to save liquid filling for switching the secondary element E2x.
[0065]
　Incidentally, definitive when using LSI as an index, the "if they meet the reference value or reference range", when LSI is smaller than the reference value (e.g., less than zero) it corresponds. Moreover, the determination of the increase in availability of fresh water recovery is usually performed to confirm the scale deposition presence of the element by LSI, but electrical conductivity, may be the same determination based on the temperature.
[0066]
　Values generally LSI, the electrical conductivity of the measured water, and on the values of the temperature. Furthermore, the electrical conductivity is determined by the dissolved salt concentration in the water (i.e., the concentration of salt dissolved in the ionic state as the electrolyte). Further, as the temperature of the water rises 1 ° C., the value of the LSI is generally 1.5 × 10 -2 increases.
[0067]
　Thus, the electrical conductivity by measuring unit 5, and after the temperature measured, the arithmetic unit 41 in the control unit 4, by carrying out calculation based on these characteristic values, LSI converted value is calculated. Determination unit 42 of the control unit 4, based on the LSI converted value, determines an increase availability of fresh water recovery.
[0068]
　That is, when the LSI to be electrical conductivity or temperature of the reference range corresponding to the smaller than the reference value, it is determined that the determination unit 42 can increase the fresh water recovery ratio, switching by the switching unit 2 and the separation of the use secondary element E2x, the filling of the storage solution is carried out.
[0069]
　According to such a configuration, depending on the quality of the water to be treated SW, the autonomously can be maximized freshwater recovery rates. In particular, the performance of the water treatment device 1 can correspond flexibly to changes in the water quality due to seasonal fluctuations.
Industrial Applicability
[0070]
　Water treatment device 1 described above, and according to the method of operating the water treatment apparatus 1, it is possible to improve the freshwater recovery and utilization.
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS
[0071]
1 ... water treatment device 2 ... switching unit 3 ... storage solution supply device 4 ... control unit 41 ... computing unit 42 ... judging section 43 ... signal generator 5 ... measuring unit CW1 ... primary concentrated water CW2 ... secondary retentate E1 ... primary element E11 ... the primary inlet E12 ... the primary condensing Mizuguchi E13 ... the primary fresh water collection Mizuguchi E2 ... secondary element E21 ... secondary inlet E22 ... secondary collection Mizuguchi E23 ... secondary freshwater collection Mizuguchi E2x ... secondary element for switching FW1 ... The primary fresh water FW2 ... secondary freshwater L1 ... water intake line Lc ... connection line Ld1 ... primary distribution lines Ld2 ... secondary distribution lines Lf1 ... the primary fresh water line Lf2 ... secondary fresh water line Lg1 ... the primary condensing water line Lg2 ... secondary catchment line lp1 ... saving supply line Lp2 ... preserving liquid discharge line P ... pump SW ... treatment water U1 ... primary unit U2 ... second unit V1 ... first valve V2 Second valve V3 ... the third valve V4 ... the fourth valve

[Claim 1]
　They are arranged in parallel with each other, a primary unit having a plurality of primary elements of a reverse osmosis unit that performs processing of separating the treated water into the primary concentrated water and fresh water,
　a pump for pumping the water to be treated to the primary unit When,
　wherein with fewer than the primary element is provided, having a secondary element of a reverse osmosis unit which is arranged in parallel with each other, it performs a process of separating the primary concentrated water to the secondary concentrated water and freshwater a secondary unit,
　of said primary unit and the secondary unit, provided only in the secondary unit, and a switching unit for disconnecting the disabling process at least one of a plurality of said secondary element
water comprising processing apparatus.
[Claim 2]
　At least one of the secondary element,
　the introduction line for guiding the primary concentrated water supplied from the primary unit to the secondary element,
　the separated secondary enrichment secondary concentrated water flows from the primary concentrated water and water lines,
　a fresh water line which the fresh water flows separated from the primary concentrated water
with a,
　the switching section,
　a first valve provided on the fresh water line,
　to the secondary concentrated water line on a second valve disposed,
　and a third valve provided on the introduction line
water treatment apparatus according to claim 1 having a.
[Claim 3]
　Provided between the third valve and the secondary element on the introduction line, a storage solution supply line for guiding the storage solution supplied from the outside to the secondary element,
　it said in the secondary concentrated water line on provided between the secondary element and the second valve, and saving liquid discharge line for discharging the storage solution from the second element to the outside,
　a fourth valve provided on the storage liquid discharge on the line,
the the water treatment apparatus of claim 2 including.
[Claim 4]
　The water to be treated, the primary concentrated water, the secondary concentrated water, and a measuring unit for measuring at least in one characteristic value of the fresh water,
　the Langelier saturation index obtained from the characteristic value, the reference value set in advance based on the comparison of a control unit for controlling the operation of the switching unit
water treatment apparatus according to any one of claims 1-3 comprising a.
[Claim 5]
　The characteristic value, the water to be treated, the primary concentrated water, the secondary concentrated water, at least in one temperature, or electrical conductivity of the fresh water,
　the control unit, the temperature or the electrical conductivity based on the water treatment device according to claim 4 comprising a calculation unit for calculating the Langelier saturation index.
[Claim 6]
　And at least one of the water treatment apparatus operating method to decouple the secondary element from the water treatment device according to claim 2 in any one of 5,
　by closing the first valve, which closes the fresh water line a step,
　after closing the first valve, the steps of closing the secondary concentrated water line by closing the second valve,
　after closing the second valve, closing said third valve a step of closing the inlet line in
the water treatment apparatus operating method comprising.