Description:Detailed Description of Example Embodiments

[0020] It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components outlined in the following description or illustrated in the drawings. The present disclosure is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. Also, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.

[0021] The use of "including", "comprising" or "having" and variations thereof herein is meant to encompass the items listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional items. The terms "a" and "an" herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the p resence of at least one of the referenced item. Further, the use of terms "first", "second", and "third", and the like, herein do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another.

[0022] According to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG. 1 depicts the Basic structure of Antenna. The Invention in its several embodiments includes a rectangular CPW fed patch antenna is combined with a 2×4 FSS array as shown in Fig. 1 an overall size of 30×15 mm2. The antenna is placed 2 mm above the FSS is as shown in Fig. 1c. since the rectangular patch antenna used CPW feed line, the antenna connector does not touch the FSS. Hence the overall thickness of the FSS antenna is with an overall height of 3.61 mm (0.07+0.7+2+0.07+0.7+0.07).

[0023] Wherein square loop shaped, 8 individual units are placed as shown in Fig. 1b. The structure of the FSS was optimized on the same jeans fabric and the conducting structures with adhesive copper tape.

[0024] Further, A simplest structure of the 2x4 Array is chosen as base design. In this work, the design of a Micro strip antenna for wireless communication in biomedical application is presented and the corresponding parameter characteristics are evaluated using the HFSS simulation software (14.0).

[0030] According to a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, FIG.2 depicts the Design of Antenna. The unit shape square loop is used and a total of 8 units are used to implement the FSS as shown in Fig. 2. Jeans cotton substrate with 1.67 permittivity, 0.025 loss tangent and 0.7mm thickness is used in the design of the antenna. The metallic patterns of the patch, ground plane and FSS of the desired shape are attached to the substrate material using an adhesive copper sheet of thickness 70µm that is commercially available. During fabrication the radiating elements are embodied directly tethering to the substrate of the antenna, then 50 Ω SMA connector is carefully soldered on the final antenna prototype. The simulated and measured results agree with each other to a maximum extent.

[0031] Further, the design with dimensions of rectangular Co-Planar Waveguide CPW [10, 11, 12] fed patch antenna and with square loop FSS antenna [14, 15] are as shown in Fig. 2 and Table. 1 represents the tabulated dimensions of the antenna, by considering the operating frequency and the electrical properties of jeans substrate, the basic structure of the patch is acquired implementing the basic conventional equations [1]. Simple modifications in the structure are implemented by considering the EM behavior of an antenna.
SAR=1/V ∮▒〖(σ(x) |E(x)|²)/(ρ(x)) dx〗 (1)

[0032] In an embodiment, the reflection coefficient is one of the key antenna parameters to measure back-reflected energy from the antenna to the source. Hence the reflection coefficient is presented in terms of the S parameters plot. The simulation results of Fig. 3 show that the CPW rectangular patch antenna is operating with an impedance bandwidth of 800 MHZ from 5.7 to 6.5 GHz with a minimum value of S11 is -11.64. The FSS patch antenna is operating with an impedance bandwidth of 900 MHZ from 5.3 to 6.2 GHz with a minimum value of S11 is -38.81. The measured results of S11 (dB) versus frequency of CPW rectangular patch antenna without and with FSS of the fabricated antenna are as shown in Fig. 3.

[0033] In accordance with a non-limiting exemplary embodiment of the present subject matter, the simulated and measured VSWR values of both the antennas are within 2 at the operating frequency range. The minimum simulated VSWR of 1.02 and 1.1 at 5.7 GHz and measured minimum VSWR of 1.02 at 5.68GHz and 1.38 at 6.1 GHz frequency.

[0034] In an emboidmnet, to control the frequency response of an antenna the determination of the surface current density plot provides the required data to make changes in the structure of the antenna. The surface current density distribution of without and with FSS antenna is as shown in Fig. 4. The omnidirectional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 3.59 dB and 4.27 dB are obtained for CPW rectangular patch antenna without and with FSS respectively are as shown in Fig. 5

[0035] In an emboidmnet, the non-homogeneous nature of the human body leads to the difference in dielectric constant values concerning the tissue composition as it shows different electromagnetic parameters with different ranges of frequencies. A three layers structure model of skin 2mm, fat 4mm and muscle 10mm as shown in Fig. 10 the electrical properties of human phantom tissues applied are as tabulated in Table. 1.Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is the unit of measurement of the exposure for wireless devices or the rate at which the human body absorbs the RF (radiofrequency) energy.
Tissue Source Permittivity Elec. Cond. (S/m) Thickness(mm)
Skin Skin (Dry) 35.19 3.63 2
Fat (Not Infiltrated) Fat (Not Infiltrated) 4.96 0.28 4
Muscle Muscles 48.61 4.84 10
Table. 2 Data with electrical properties of human tissues at 5.7 GHz frequency.

[0036] Further, As per the international guidelines of human safety, IEEE C95-1-2005 standards and ICNIRP the maximum permissible SAR [13] to preserve over 10 g tissue is < 2 W/kg. The SAR values obtained are below the 2 W/kg over 10 g tissue, of 1.29 W/kg and 1.03 W/kg are obtained as shown in Fig. 11 for rectangular CPW patch antennas without and with FSS respectively. The results obtained for both the antennas can be recommended for use of biomedical textile antennas in wireless communication systems for monitoring the patients and also applications including sports and military.

[0037] In an emboidmnet, the proposed antennas are operating at ISM band frequency with impedance bandwidth of 900 MHz for S11 < -10 dB at 5.7GHz, uses jeans textile material as substrate and a conducting adhesive copper layer is used as a rectangular patch, ground structure and for FSS. The dimensions of the antenna are 30×20 mm2 indicate the ease of integration of an antenna into daily wear clothing accessories.

, Claims:
6. Claims Statement
We claim

1. Wearable FSS Antenna on Jeans Substrate for Biomedical Applications , comprising:
a dielectric substrate; preferebbly a textail material and
coplanar waveguide (CPW) fed rectangular patch antenna with Frequency Selective Surface (FSS);

Wherin the device as claimed in claim 1, the textail material used is a jeans material.

Wherin the device as claimed in claim 1, the dimensions of the antenna are 30×20 mm2 indicating that the antenna can be placed easily on the body. The proposed antenna is resonating at ISM band frequency with impedance bandwidth for S11 < -10 dB at 5.7GHz.

Dated 06-04-2023