Title of Invention: Wire rod for ultra-high strength spring, steel wire, and method for manufacturing the same
technical field
[One]
The present invention relates to a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring, a steel wire, and a method for manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring having excellent workability, a steel wire, and a method for manufacturing the same.
background
[2]
Similar to the automotive material market, the motorcycle market is also continuously reducing weight or restructuring. Recently, the demand for high-strength spring steel is increasing as the dual-type suspension used in existing motorcycles is replaced with a mono-type suspension.
[3]
The existing spring steel used in motorcycle suspension is a new material and lacks strength and fatigue resistance to be used in monotype suspension. Accordingly, the use of tempered martensite (TM) tissue steel for automobiles has been reviewed, but automobile suspension springs have difficult management standards, are difficult to manufacture, and are expensive, so they are difficult to apply to motorcycle suspension springs. .
[4]
In particular, motorcycle suspension springs require higher workability when processing the springs because the suspension size is smaller than that of automobiles. In addition, since the motorcycle suspension spring is used with a relatively thin diameter, it is difficult to decarburize and control the low temperature structure. Therefore, there is a need for a new high-strength suspension spring that can be used in a motorcycle suspension.
[5]
In addition, conventionally, when making a tempered martensite structure, oil quenching was used after heating the steel in a heat treatment furnace. . Recently, with the development of induction heat treatment technology, it has been possible to secure sufficient hardenability even by using water cooling, and it has become possible to achieve the desired strength while lowering the content of alloying elements included in the steel. However, up to now, research on thin steel materials that can be applied to motorcycle suspension springs in which the content of alloying elements is lowered by utilizing induction heating technology and cooling is still insufficient.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
technical challenge
[6]
The present invention has been devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring having excellent workability, a steel wire, and a method for manufacturing the same.
means of solving the problem
[7]
As a means for achieving the above object, the wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder including Fe and unavoidable impurities, the following The value of Equation (1) may be 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less.
[8]
(1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si
[9]
In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element.
[10]
In each ultra-high strength spring wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention, the sum of the area fractions of bainite and martensite having a hardness of 400 Hv or more on a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction may be 1% or less.
[11]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the ferrite decarburized layer may be 1㎛ or less.
[12]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention, the average size of the ferrite grains may be 10㎛ or less.
[13]
In each ultra-high strength spring wire according to an example of the present invention, 1000 pieces/mm 2 or more of Nb-based carbides having a size of 20 nm or less may be distributed.
[14]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring wire rods according to an embodiment of the present invention, the tensile strength may be 1200 MPa or less.
[15]
In addition, as another means for achieving the above object, the method of manufacturing a wire for an ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities Including, homogenizing heat treatment of an ingot having a value of 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less in the following formula (1) within 180 minutes at a heating temperature of 900 to 1100 ℃, a finishing rolling temperature of 730 to Ae3 ℃, and 3 It may include the step of cooling at a cooling rate of ℃ / s or less.
[16]
(1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si
[17]
In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element.
[18]
In the method for manufacturing each ultra-high strength spring wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention, the deformation amount in the wire rod rolling step may be 0.3 to 2.0.
[19]
In the method for manufacturing each ultra-high strength spring wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention, the average size of the austenite grains before the finish rolling in the wire rod rolling step may be 5 to 15 μm.
[20]
In addition, as another means for achieving the above object, the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder contains Fe and unavoidable impurities, , the value of the following formula (1) is 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less, and may include 90% or more of tempered martensite as an area fraction.
[21]
(1) 0.77 ≤ C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si ≤ 0.83
[22]
In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element.
[23]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the Nb-based carbide having a size of 20 nm or less may be distributed over 1000 pieces/mm 2 .
[24]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an embodiment of the present invention, the prior austenite average grain size may be 10㎛ or less.
[25]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the wire diameter may be 15mm or less.
[26]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the strength may be 1700 MPa or more.
[27]
In each of the ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the reduction in section may be 35% or more.
[28]
In addition, as another means for achieving the above object, the method for manufacturing an ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention is by weight%, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, remainder Fe and unavoidable impurities Including, the step of drawing a wire rod having a value of 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less of the following formula (1), heating at 900 to 1000 ° C, water cooling at high pressure, tempering at 400 to 500 ° C, and water cooling may include steps.
[29]
(1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si
[30]
In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element.
[31]
In the method of manufacturing each ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the heating step may include heating to 900 to 1000° C. within 10 seconds and then maintaining for 5 to 60 seconds.
[32]
In the manufacturing method of each ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to an embodiment of the present invention, the average size of the austenite grains after the heating step may be 10㎛ or less.
[33]
In the manufacturing method of each ultra-high-strength spring steel wire according to an example of the present invention, the tempering step may be heated to 400 to 500° C. within 10 seconds and then maintained within 30 seconds.
Effects of the Invention
[34]
According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring in which surface decarburization and formation of a low-temperature structure are suppressed by using a low C eq and low Si alloy composition.
[35]
In addition, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a wire for an ultra-high strength spring in which crystal grains are refined by using Nb-based carbide and controlled rolling.
[36]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention has a wire diameter of 15 mm or less and has a narrow diameter suitable as a steel wire for a motorcycle suspension spring.
[37]
The ultra-high strength spring steel wire according to the present invention utilizes induction heating and water cooling to secure the ultra-high strength properties required for a motorcycle suspension spring with a strength of 1700 MPa or more, despite the low C eq and low Si alloy composition.
[38]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention can secure high ductility with a cross-sectional reduction ratio (RA) of 35% or more through grain refinement, and thus can be cold-formed at room temperature to manufacture a motorcycle suspension spring.
Best mode for carrying out the invention
[39]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less , S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder includes Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the value of the following formula (1) is 0.77 or more , 0.83 or less.
[40]
(1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si
[41]
In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element.
Modes for carrying out the invention
[42]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The following describes preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, seen Embodiments of the present invention may be modified in various other forms, and the technical spirit of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. In addition, the embodiments of the present invention are provided in order to more completely explain the present invention to those of ordinary skill in the art.
[43]
The terms used in this application are only used to describe specific examples. Therefore, for example, a singular expression includes a plural expression unless the context clearly requires it to be singular. In addition, terms such as "comprises" or "comprises" used in the present application are used to clearly indicate that the features, steps, functions, components, or combinations thereof described in the specification exist, and other features It should be noted that it is not intended to be used to preliminarily exclude the existence of elements, steps, functions, components, or combinations thereof.
[44]
On the other hand, unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein should be regarded as having the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. Accordingly, unless explicitly defined herein, specific terms should not be construed in an unduly idealistic or formal sense. For example, a singular expression herein includes a plural expression unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[45]
In addition, in this specification, "about", "substantially", etc. are used in or close to the numerical value when manufacturing and material tolerances inherent in the stated meaning are presented, and are used in a precise sense to aid the understanding of the present invention. or absolute figures are used to prevent unreasonable use by unconscionable infringers of the mentioned disclosure.
[46]
The inventors of the present invention have derived an optimal alloy composition of low C eq and low Si, which is easy to suppress surface decarburization and low-temperature structure formation, in order to provide a wire and steel wire for an ultra-high strength spring having excellent workability. The ultra-high strength spring may be manufactured by cold forming the steel wire disclosed herein at room temperature, and the steel wire may be manufactured by drawing the wire rod disclosed herein.
[47]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less , S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder may include Fe and unavoidable impurities.
[48]
Hereinafter, the reason for limiting the alloy composition will be described in detail.
[49]
Carbon (C): 0.55 to 0.65 wt%
[50]
Carbon is an element added to secure product strength. When the carbon content is less than 0.55% by weight, the desired strength and low C eq cannot be obtained. Accordingly, when the steel is cooled, the martensitic structure is not completely formed, so it may be difficult to secure strength, and even if an intact martensitic structure is formed, it may be difficult to secure the desired strength. If the carbon content exceeds 0.65% by weight, impact properties may be deteriorated and quenching cracks may occur during water cooling. Accordingly, according to the present invention, the carbon content can be controlled to 0.55 to 0.65% by weight.
[51]
Silicon (Si): 0.5 to 0.9 wt%
[52]
Silicon is used for deoxidation of steel and is an element advantageous for securing strength through solid solution strengthening. In the present invention for securing strength, silicon may be added in an amount of 0.5 wt% or more. However, when silicon is excessively added, it may cause surface decarburization, and since it is difficult to process the material, the upper limit thereof may be limited to 0.9% by weight in consideration of this. As described above, the present invention suppresses surface decarburization by using a low Si alloy design in which silicon is controlled to 0.9 wt% or less, and secures sufficient workability.
[53]
Manganese (Mn): 0.3 to 0.8 wt%
[54]
Manganese is a hardenability improving element, and is one of the essential elements for forming a high-strength tempered martensite steel. In order to secure strength, in the present invention, manganese may be added in an amount of 0.3% by weight or more. However, if the manganese content is excessive in tempered martensitic steel, the upper limit of the manganese content may be limited to 0.8% by weight because toughness is lowered.
[55]
Chromium (Cr): 0.3 to 0.6 wt%
[56]
Chromium is effective in improving hardenability together with manganese, and improves the corrosion resistance of steel. To this end, in the present invention, chromium may be added in an amount of 0.3 wt% or more. However, chromium is a relatively expensive element compared to silicon and manganese, and since it increases C eq, its upper limit in the present invention may be limited to 0.6 wt %.
[57]
Phosphorus (P): 0.015 wt% or less
[58]
Since phosphorus is an element that segregates at grain boundaries to reduce toughness and reduces resistance to hydrogen delayed fracture, it is preferable to exclude it from steel as much as possible. In the present invention, the upper limit may be limited to 0.015% by weight.
[59]
Sulfur (S): 0.01 wt% or less
[60]
Sulfur, like phosphorus, segregates at grain boundaries to reduce toughness, and forms MnS to lower the hydrogen delayed fracture resistance, so it is preferable to be excluded from steel as much as possible. In the present invention, the upper limit may be limited to 0.01% by weight.
[61]
Aluminum (Al): 0.01 wt% or less
[62]
Aluminum is a powerful deoxidizing element that can remove oxygen in steel and improve cleanliness. However, when aluminum is added, there is a problem of reducing fatigue resistance by forming Al 2 O 3 inclusions. Accordingly, in the present invention, the upper limit may be limited to 0.01% by weight.
[63]
Nitrogen (N): 0.005% by weight or less
[64]
Nitrogen combines with aluminum or vanadium in steel to form coarse AlN or VN precipitates that are not dissolved during heat treatment. Accordingly, in the present invention, the upper limit may be limited to 0.005% by weight or less.
[65]
Niobium (Nb): greater than 0% by weight, less than or equal to 0.04% by weight
[66]
Niobium is an element that combines with carbon in steel to form Nb-based carbide, and improves workability by refining crystal grains. In order to improve workability through grain refinement, niobium in the present invention may be added in excess of 0 wt%. However, when niobium is excessively added, coarse carbides may be formed and processability may be deteriorated. More preferably, niobium may be added in an amount of 0.02 wt% or less in terms of improving processability.
[67]
The Nb-based carbide formed by adding niobium may be distributed in the structure of the ultra-high strength spring wire rod and steel wire according to the present invention. The size of the formed Nb-based carbide is preferably 20 nm or less. This is because when the size of the Nb-based carbide exceeds 20 nm, there is a risk that workability may be deteriorated on the contrary. In addition, it is preferable that the Nb-based carbide is evenly distributed at 1000 pieces/mm 2 or more. This is because, when the Nb-based carbide is distributed in less than 1000 pieces/mm 2 , there is a risk that the crystal grains may not be sufficiently refined. In the above-described Nb-based carbide, Nb may be included in an amount of 10at% or more.
[68]
The remaining component of the present invention is iron (Fe). However, since unintended impurities from raw materials or the surrounding environment may inevitably be mixed in the normal manufacturing process, this cannot be excluded. All of the impurities are not specifically mentioned in the present specification, since any person skilled in the art can know the impurities.
[69]
In addition, the reason for limiting the alloy composition of the wire rod described above is the same as the reason for limiting the alloy composition of the steel wire, and for convenience, the reason for limiting the alloy composition of the steel wire will be omitted.
[70]
The alloy composition of the wire rod and the steel wire of the present invention may further limit the relationship between them as follows, in addition to limiting the content of each alloying element to the above-described conditions.
[71]
Value of formula (1): 0.77 or more, 0.83 or less
[72]
The present invention controls the C eq value to suppress surface decarburization and the formation of low-temperature structures, which are likely to occur during cooling after rolling the wire rod. The C eq value can be expressed by Equation (1) below, and in the present invention, the value of Equation (1) is controlled to be 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less in order to suppress surface decarburization and formation of low-temperature tissue.
[73]
(1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si
[74]
In the above formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (% by weight) of each element.
[75]
When the value of Equation (1) exceeds 0.83, surface decarburization occurs, and there is a risk that a low-temperature structure may be formed. On the other hand, if the value of Equation (1) is less than 0.77, it is difficult to secure the target strength.
[76]
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention will be described in detail. The wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention is manufactured by subjecting an ingot satisfying the above-described alloy composition and Equation (1) value range to homogenization heat treatment, rolling the wire rod, and then cooling. Hereinafter, each manufacturing step will be described.
[77]
In the present invention, the homogenization heat treatment may be performed within 180 minutes at a heating temperature of 900 to 1100° C. in a heating furnace.
[78]
In the present invention, the finish rolling temperature of the wire rolling step may be 730 to Ae3 ℃. When finish rolling is performed under the above temperature range of 730 to Ae3°C, the main structure of the wire is transformed from austenite to ferrite. In other words, the main structure of the wire rod before finish rolling is austenite, and the main structure of the wire rod after finish rolling is ferrite.
[79]
In the step of rolling the wire rod of the present invention, crystal grains can be refined through controlled rolling, and sufficient workability can be secured due to the refined grains. According to an example, the deformation amount of the wire rod rolling may be 0.3 to 2.0. In the present invention, the amount of deformation is expressed by the following equation.
[80]
Deformation amount = -ln(1-reduction rate/100)
[81]
In the above formula, the reduction rate is the When the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is A and the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wire rod after rolling is A 1, it is a value calculated as (A-A 1)/A * 100.
[82]
When the deformation amount is less than 0.3 when the wire rod is rolled, it is difficult to sufficiently refine the grains. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is preferable that the deformation amount is controlled to 0.3 to 2.0.
[83]
When the wire rod is rolled under the conditions described above, crystal grains can be refined. According to one example, the average size of the austenite grains before the finish rolling may be 5 to 15㎛. In addition, if the average size of the austenite grains before the finish rolling is refined, the average size of the ferrite grains of the final wire rod structure that has undergone the subsequent finish rolling and cooling processes can also be refined.
[84]
The cooling step in the present invention can cool the wire rod at a cooling rate of 3 °C / s or less. When the cooling rate exceeds 3°C/s, it is difficult to suppress the formation of low-temperature tissues.
[85]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention manufactured by the above-described alloy composition and manufacturing method may include pearlite and ferrite as a microstructure, and according to an example, in an area fraction, 60% or more of pearlite and the remaining ferrite can do.
[86]
According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the formation of a low-temperature structure through the low-C eq alloy composition satisfying the above-described alloy composition and the value range of Equation (1). The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention may hardly include a low-temperature structure on a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wire rod. According to an example, the sum of area fractions of bainite and martensite having a hardness of 400 Hv or more on a cross-section (C-section) perpendicular to the longitudinal direction may be 1% or less. Meanwhile, in the present invention, the low-temperature structure means bainite and martensite. The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring of the present invention can secure sufficient workability by suppressing the formation of a low-temperature structure.
[87]
According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the surface decarburization phenomenon through the low C eq and low Si alloy composition satisfying the above-described alloy composition and formula (1) value range. According to an example, the thickness of the ferrite decarburized layer of the wire rod may be 1 μm or less.
[88]
According to the present invention, it is possible to refine the ferrite grains through Nb-based carbide and controlled rolling. The average size of the ferrite grains of the wire rod according to an embodiment of the present invention may be 10㎛ or less. The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring of the present invention can secure sufficient workability by refining crystal grains.
[89]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a tensile strength of 1200 MPa or less.
[90]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention is, by weight, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less , S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder contains Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the value of formula (1) is 0.77 or more, 0.83 or less, and may include 90% or more of tempered martensite as an area fraction.
[91]
The reason for limiting the alloy composition of the steel wire and the value range of Equation (1) is the same as the reason for limiting the alloy composition of the wire rod and the range of the value of Equation (1) described above, so the description thereof will be omitted for convenience.
[92]
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention will be described in detail. The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention is manufactured by drawing, heating, water cooling under high pressure, and then tempering and then water cooling a wire rod satisfying the above-mentioned alloy composition and Equation (1) value range. Hereinafter, each manufacturing step will be described.
[93]
In the present invention, the means for heating to the quenching temperature and the means for tempering upon heating utilize induction heating to sufficiently harden the surface during subsequent water cooling by rapid heating. The present invention uses induction heating and water cooling in the low C eq and low Si alloy compositions that satisfy the above-described alloy composition and formula (1) value range, thereby lowering the content of alloying elements compared to automobile suspension springs, and high strength can be obtained.
[94]
In the wire drawing step of the present invention, the wire rod satisfying the above-described alloy composition and the value range of Equation (1) can be drawn to a wire diameter of 15 mm or less that can be applied to a motorcycle suspension spring to manufacture a steel wire.
[95]
Subsequently, in the heating step of the present invention for QT heat treatment of the drawn steel wire, the fresh steel wire is heated to the quenching temperature of 900 to 1000° C. within 10 seconds and then maintained for 5 to 60 seconds to austenitize the structure of the steel wire. . When the heating time to the target temperature of 900 to 1000°C exceeds 10 seconds, crystal grains grow and it is difficult to secure desired physical properties. If the holding time is less than 5 seconds, the pearlite structure may not be transformed into austenite, and if it exceeds 60 seconds, the crystal grains may be coarsened, so the holding time is preferably controlled to 5 to 60 seconds.
[96]
In addition, as a result of rapidly heating the drawn steel wire using induction heating, the average size of the austenite grains of the austenitized steel wire can be refined to 10 μm or less. As a result of finely controlling the austenite grains in this step, it is also possible to finely control the grains of the final ultra-high strength spring steel wire manufactured through subsequent high-pressure water cooling, tempering, and water cooling. Accordingly, the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention has fine grains and excellent workability, and can be cold-formed at room temperature to be manufactured as a motorcycle suspension spring.
[97]
In the present invention, the step of water cooling at high pressure is a step of transforming the main structure of the steel wire from austenite to martensite, and water cooling can be performed at a high pressure enough to remove the boiling film of the austenitized steel wire in the previous step. At this time, when cooling is performed by oil cooling instead of water cooling, the desired strength cannot be secured due to the low C eq and low Si alloy composition. In addition, if the high pressure is not high enough to remove the boiling film during water cooling, the possibility of occurrence of quenching cracks during quenching increases. In addition, the surface of the steel wire can be sufficiently hardened by rapidly heating with induction heating to the quenching temperature in the above-described heating step, followed by rapid cooling with water in this step. According to an example, the cooling rate during water cooling may be 100° C./s or more.
[98]
The step of tempering in the present invention is a step of heating martensite, which is the main structure of the water-cooled steel wire, and tempering it with tempered martensite. The step of tempering may be heated to 400 to 500° C. within 10 seconds and then maintained within 30 seconds. If the tempering temperature is less than 400 ℃, toughness is not secured, so processing is difficult and the risk of product damage increases, and if it exceeds 500 ℃, the strength is lowered. In addition, if the temperature is not heated within 10 seconds to the above-mentioned temperature range during tempering, coarse carbides are formed and there is a risk of deterioration of toughness, so it is preferable to rapidly heat within 10 seconds.
[99]
Afterwards, the tempered steel wire is water-cooled to room temperature.
[100]
A steel wire for a spring that satisfies the above-described alloy composition and the value range of Equation (1), and manufactured according to the above-described manufacturing conditions, may contain 90% or more of tempered martensite as an area fraction.
[101]
In addition, in the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention, 1000 pieces/mm 2 or more of Nb-based carbides having a size of 20 nm or less may be distributed.
[102]
In addition, the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an embodiment of the present invention may have a prior austenite average grain size of 10 μm or less. Here, the old austenite refers to the austenite structure of the steel wire after the step of heating the wire-drawn steel wire of the present invention for QT heat treatment.
[103]
In addition, the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention has a wire diameter of 15 mm or less, and has a narrow diameter suitable as a steel wire for a motorcycle suspension spring.
[104]
In addition, the steel wire for an ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention has a strength of 1700 MPa or more, so that the ultra-high strength properties required for a motorcycle suspension spring can be secured.
[105]
In addition, the steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to an example of the present invention can secure high ductility as a reduction in cross-section (RA) of 35% or more, and thus can be cold-formed at room temperature to manufacture a motorcycle suspension spring. In the present invention, when Nb is added to the wire rod, the austenite grains before the finish rolling can be refined, so that the reduction in area (RA) can be further improved. The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention may have a reduction in area (RA) of 45% or more.
[106]
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail through examples. However, it is necessary to note that the following examples are only intended to illustrate the present invention in more detail and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. This is because the scope of the present invention is determined by the matters described in the claims and matters reasonably inferred therefrom.
[107]
Example
[108]
After casting the material having the alloy composition in Table 1 below into an ingot, homogenizing heat treatment at 1100°C, and then rolling the wire rod to a final thickness of 12mm while lowering the temperature from 1030°C to 750°C, cooling at a rate of 3°C/s Manufactured from wire rods.
[109]
[Table 1]
alloy element (wt%)
C Si Mn Cr P S Al N Nb
Comparative Example 1 0.60 1.50 0.60 0.40 0.011 0.004 <0.003 <0.005 -
Comparative Example 2 0.45 0.80 0.80 0.60 0.01 0.005 <0.003 <0.005 -
Comparative Example 3 0.60 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.01 0.004 <0.003 <0.005 -
Inventive Example 1 0.60 0.80 0.60 0.40 0.009 0.005 <0.003 <0.005 0.02
Invention Example 2 0.60 0.60 0.30 0.60 0.011 0.005 <0.003 <0.005 0.02
[110]
The results in Table 2 below are results of measuring the physical properties of the wire rod manufactured by the above-described process. The low-temperature structure area fraction in Table 2 means the sum of the area fractions of bainite and martensite on a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the wire rod.
[111]
AGS in Table 2 means the average size of austenite grains before finish rolling in the wire rod rolling step, and was measured using ASTM E112 standard.
[112]
The thickness of the ferrite decarburized layer is a measurement of the thickness of a layer made of only ferrite produced by decarburization on the steel surface after rolling the wire rod. will be measured
[113]
[Table 2]
Classification Formula (1) Low-temperature tissue area fraction (%) AGS (μm) Hardness (Hv) Tensile strength (MPa) Ferrite decarburization layer thickness (μm) Total decarburization layer thickness (μm)
Comparative Example 1 0.803 0 15 318 1030 22 60.2
Comparative Example 2 0.737 0 19 235 762 - 22.8
Comparative Example 3 0.813 0 18 290 942 - 25.1
Invention Example 1 0.813 0 8 291 950 - 30.1
Invention Example 2 0.795 0 7 288 930 - 15.2
[114]
The wire rods in Table 2 were freshly made with a steel wire having a diameter of 10 mm, heated, and then subjected to high-pressure water cooling. After high-pressure water cooling, tempering was performed and general water cooling was performed to manufacture the final ultra-high strength spring steel wire. means one temperature. RA means section reduction rate.
[115]
[Table 3]
Classification formula (1) Heating temperature (℃) Tempering temperature (℃) Hardness (Hv) RA (%) Tensile strength (MPa)
Comparative Example 1 0.803 950 430 573 47 1920
Comparative Example 2 0.737 950 430 498 43 1670
Comparative Example 3 0.813 950 430 545 40 1815
Invention Example 1 0.813 950 430 550 45 1820
Invention Example 2 0.795 950 430 540 47 1800
[116]
Referring to Tables 1 to 3, Inventive Examples 1 and 2 satisfy the alloy composition, Equation (1) and manufacturing conditions of the present invention. As a result, the low-temperature structure of the wire and the formation of the ferrite decarburized layer were suppressed, and Nb was added to the wire rod. During rolling, the austenite grains before finish rolling were refined. In addition, as shown in Table 3, the tensile strength was 1700 MPa or more, and the reduction in area was 35% or more. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the Si content was high, and the ferrite decarburized layer was thickly formed upon cooling. Comparative Example 2 did not secure the target strength of 1700 MPa or more because the value of Equation (1) was lower than 0.77. In Comparative Example 3, grain coarsening occurred because Nb was not added, and thus the average size of the target austenite grains could not be secured. Accordingly, the area reduction ratio (RA) was lower than that of the Nb-added material.
[117]
In the above description, exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and those of ordinary skill in the art will not depart from the concept and scope of the following claims. It will be appreciated that various modifications and variations are possible.
Industrial Applicability
[118]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to the present invention can be applied as a suspension spring for automobiles, motorcycles, various means of transportation, or a spring used in various industrial fields.
Claims
[Claim 1]
By weight%, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder contains Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the value of formula (1) below is 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less for ultra-high strength spring wire: (1) C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si (in Equation (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (% by weight) of each element).
[Claim 2]
The wire rod for ultra-high strength spring according to claim 1, wherein the sum of the area fractions of bainite and martensite having a hardness of 400 Hv or more on a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction is 1% or less.
[Claim 3]
The wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the ferrite decarburized layer is 1 μm or less.
[Claim 4]
The wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 1, wherein the average size of the ferrite grains is 10 μm or less.
[Claim 5]
The wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 1, wherein the Nb-based carbide having a size of 20 nm or less is distributed at 1000 pieces/mm 2 or more.
[Claim 6]
The wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 1, wherein the tensile strength is 1200 MPa or less.
[Claim 7]
By weight%, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder contains Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the value of the following formula (1) is 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less in an ingot at a heating temperature of 900 to 1100 ℃ 180 Homogenization heat treatment within minutes; Wire rod rolling at a finish rolling temperature of 730 to Ae3 ℃; And cooling at a cooling rate of 3° C./s or less; Method of manufacturing a wire rod for an ultra-high strength spring comprising: (1) C + 1/6 * Mn + 1/5 * Cr + 1/24 * Si (the above In Formula (1), C, Mn, Cr, and Si mean the content (wt%) of each element).
[Claim 8]
The method according to claim 7, wherein in the step of rolling the wire rod, the deformation amount is 0.3 to 2.0.
[Claim 9]
[8] The method of claim 7, wherein the average size of austenite grains before finish rolling in the wire rod rolling step is 5 to 15 μm.
[Claim 10]
By weight%, C: 0.55 to 0.65%, Si: 0.5 to 0.9%, Mn: 0.3 to 0.8%, Cr: 0.3 to 0.6%, P: 0.015% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Al: 0.01% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Nb: more than 0%, 0.04% or less, the remainder includes Fe and unavoidable impurities, and the value of the following formula (1) is 0.77 or more and 0.83 or less, in area fraction, tempered martensite Steel wire for ultra-high strength spring containing 90% or more of: (1) 0.77 ≤ C + 1/6*Mn + 1/5*Cr + 1/24*Si ≤ 0.83 (C, Mn, Cr in the above formula (1) , Si means the content (% by weight) of each element).
[Claim 11]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength spring according to claim 10, wherein the Nb-based carbide having a size of 20 nm or less is distributed at 1000 pieces/mm 2 or more.
[Claim 12]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength springs according to claim 10, wherein the prior austenite average grain size is 10 μm or less.
[Claim 13]
The steel wire for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 10, wherein the wire diameter is 15 mm or less.
[Claim 14]
The steel wire for an ultra-high strength spring according to claim 10, wherein the strength is 1700 MPa or more.
[Claim 15]
The steel wire for ultra-high strength springs according to claim 10, wherein the reduction in section is 35% or more.