WE CLAIM:
1. An apparatus for a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a circuit board comprising a plurality of parallel layers that include a top layer and a bottom layer;
a radio front end module attached to the circuit board and comprising an integrated circuit (IC);
a grounded shield attached to the circuit board, the grounded shield configured to shield the IC from interference;
a stacked patch directional antenna that comprises a radiating element and a parasitic element, wherein the parasitic element is disposed adjacent to the grounded shield, and wherein the radiating element is disposed on the circuit board, and fed by a feed mechanism comprising a feed strip coupled to the IC;
wherein the grounded shield is configured as a reflector and as a ground plane for the stacked patch directional antenna, and
wherein the stacked patch directional antenna is configured to propagate signals of a first polarization and signals of a second polarization, and wherein the first and second polarizations are orthogonal polarizations.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radiating element is disposed on the circuit board, other than at the top layer or the bottom layer.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stacked patch directional antenna is configured to propagate signals of the first polarization in an endfire direction.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the stacked patch directional antenna is configured to propagate signals of the second polarization in a broadside direction.
5. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a printed circuit board comprising a top side and a bottom side;
a radio front end module attached to the top side of the printed circuit board and comprising an integrated circuit (IC);
a conductive shield disposed over the IC and is attached to the top side of the printed circuit board so that at least a portion of the shield is co-planar with the printed circuit board, wherein the conductive shield comprises a plurality of sides and a top, and is configured to protect the IC from radio frequency interference; and
at least one directional antenna formed by at least one cut out section of the conductive shield,
wherein the at least one directional antenna is fed by at least one feed mechanism that is part of the circuit board and wherein the at least one feed mechanism is coupled to the IC,
wherein printed the circuit board further comprises a ground plane for the at least one directional antenna, and
wherein the at least one directional antenna is configured to radiate in a direction outward from the IC.

6. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver disposed on a substrate within the apparatus;
a phased array of antenna elements coupled to the transceiver and configured to transmit radio waves within a first angle of coverage when the phased array is scanned; and
a lens disposed adjacent to the phased array of antenna elements and configured to deflect the transmitted radio waves to a second angle of coverage that is larger than the first angle of coverage.
7. An antenna system, comprising:
a radio front end module configured to generate radio waves;
a reflector; and
a plurality of phased arrays of antenna elements, each array disposed at different positions adjacent to the reflector and configured to transmit the generated radio waves toward the reflector to irradiate a focus of the reflector with the radio waves,
wherein the different locations at which each array is disposed reflect radio frequency radiation from the reflector in a plurality of narrow beams, wherein each narrow beam is tilted in a different direction for scanning a different beam-scanning sector.
8. The antenna system of claim 7, wherein the plurality of phased arrays comprises additional phase
array to form additional beam-scanning sectors.
9. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a chassis;
a substrate disposed in the chassis;
a conformably shielded integrated circuit (IC) die comprising a transceiver configured to generate radio frequency (RF) signals, the IC die coupled to the substrate in the chassis;
one or more antenna directors disposed on the chasis or in the chassis external to the substrate; and
an antenna array coupled to the transceiver and configured to transmit the RF signals to interact with the one or more antenna directors,
wherein the antenna array is disposed within a first side of the substrate, or disposed on or within a surface mounted device (SMD) that is mounted on a second side of the substrate, and
wherein the one or more antenna directors is configured to direct the RF signals.
10. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) that comprises a transceiver configured to generate radio frequency (RF)
signals, the IC being coupled to the substrate;
a dipole antenna comprising a plurality of horizontal arms and is disposed within the substrate; and
a surface mounted device (SMD) that comprises a vertical metallic via,
wherein the SMD is mounted on the substrate adjacent to the dipole antenna,
wherein the vertical metallic via contacts one of the plurality of horizontal arms of the dipole
antenna,

wherein the vertical metallic via comprises a vertical arm of a monopole antenna, and wherein the dipole antenna is configured to exhibit a first polarization and the vertical arm of the monopole antenna is configured to exhibit a second polarization upon receiving RF signals.
11. A dipole antenna, comprising:
a substrate comprising a horizontal arm of a dipole antenna;
an integrated circuit (IC) shield over an IC die and is connected to the substrate; and
a surface mounted device (SMD) mounted on the substrate adjacent to the IC shield,
wherein the SMD comprises a vertical arm of the dipole antenna,
wherein the vertical arm is at least partly internal to the SMD,
wherein the IC shield forms a reflector for the dipole antenna, and
wherein the dipole antenna is fed by a feed line from the IC die.
12. The antenna of claim 11, wherein the configuration of the horizontal arm of the dipole antenna and
the vertical arm of the dipole antenna comprises an L-shape.
13. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) shield over an IC that is configured to generate radio frequency (RF) chains, wherein the shield and the IC are coupled to the substrate; and
an antenna array comprising a plurality of L-shaped dipole antennas, each dipole antenna situated adjacent to the IC shield, wherein each dipole antenna is configured to be fed by an RF chain from the IC,
wherein each dipole antenna comprises a horizontal arm and a vertical arm, and
wherein the plurality of dipole antennas are arranged in adjacent pairs with the horizontal arms of each adjacent pair oriented in opposite directions.
14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the plurality of dipole antennas comprise a plurality of L-shaped antennas.
15. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a printed circuit board (PCB) comprising a top layer and a bottom layer;
an integrated circuit (IC) chip comprising a top level and a bottom level, wherein the IC chip comprises a transceiver and wherein the IC chip is connected to the top layer of the PCB;
an antenna array comprising a plurality of antenna elements configured within the bottom level of the IC chip adjacent to the PCB and fed by feed transmission lines coupled to the transceiver; and
an IC shield disposed over the IC to shield the IC from interference, and is connected to the PCB, wherein one of the IC shield or a ground layer within the PCB comprises a ground for the antenna array.
16. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a transceiver configured on an integrated circuit (IC) that is connected to a printed circuit board (PCB), the transceiver configured to generate radio frequency (RF) signals in a first frequency band and in a second frequency band;

a first antenna disposed within the PCB, and a second antenna disposed within the PCB in coaxial relationship to the first antenna;
a first feed mechanism coupled to the transceiver and to the first antenna, wherein the first feed mechanism feeds the first antenna with RF signals in the first frequency band;
a second feed mechanism disposed orthogonal to the first feed mechanism, the second feed mechanism coupled to the transceiver and to the second antenna, wherein the second feed mechanism feeds the second antenna with RF signals in the second frequency band; and
a processing circuitry configured to operate the first and second feed mechanism at different times and to activate each of the first antenna and the second antenna at different times,
wherein, when activated at a first time, the first antenna transmits RF signals in the first frequency band in a first polarization, and when activated at a second time, the second antenna transmits the RF signals in the second frequency band in a second polarization orthogonal to the first polarization.
17. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) connected to the substrate;
a transceiver configured within the IC to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;
a conductive shield connected to the substrate, covering the IC, and configured to protect the IC from interference;
an antenna director disposed on or within a chassis external to the substrate;
an antenna disposed on or within a surface mounted device (SMD); and
dual orthogonal feed mechanisms coupled to the transceiver and to the antenna wherein the antenna is configured to transmit the RF signals in different orthogonal polarizations to interact with the antenna director, and wherein the antenna director is configured to direct the RF signals.
18. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) connected to the substrate;
a transceiver configured within the IC to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;
a conductive shield connected to the substrate, covering the IC, and configured to protect the IC from interference;
an antenna director disposed on a chassis or within a chassis external to the substrate;
an antenna disposed on or within a surface mounted device (SMD); and
a single feed mechanism coupled to the transceiver and to the antenna, wherein the antenna is configured to transmit the RF signals in a single polarization to interact with the antenna director, and wherein the antenna director is configured to direct the RF signals.
19. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) connected to the substrate;
a transceiver configured within the IC to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;

a conductive shield connected to the substrate, covering the IC, and configured to protect the IC from interference;
a plurality of antenna directors disposed on a chassis or within a chassis external to the substrate;
a plurality of antenna elements that comprise an antenna array disposed on or within a respective surface mounted device (SMD), or disposed on or within the substrate; and
a feed mechanism coupled to the transceiver and to each of the plurality of antenna elements of the antenna array,
wherein each of the plurality of antenna elements of the antenna array is configured to transmit the RF signals to interact with the plurality of antenna directors, and
wherein the plurality of antenna directors is configured to direct the RF signals.
20. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a first layer and a second layer;
a radio front end module (RFEM) attached to the first layer of the substrate and comprising an integrated circuit (IC) that is configured to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;
a conductive shield that covers the IC, is attached to the first layer of the substrate, and is configured to protect the IC from interference;
a surface mounted device (SMD) coupled to the substrate adjacent to the conductive shield; and
at least one directional monopole antenna that includes a first arm that comprises a metalized via connected to the RFEM and extending into the SMD perpendicularly to the substrate,
wherein the directional monopole antenna is fed by at least one feed mechanism that is part of the substrate and is coupled to the IC,
wherein the directional monopole antenna is configured to transmit the RF signals in a first polarity in a direction outward from the RFEM, and
wherein the conductive shield is a reflector for the directional monopole antenna.
21. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate comprising a first layer and a second layer;
an integrated circuit (IC) attached to the first layer of the substrate and configured to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;
a conductive shield that covers the IC, is attached to the first layer of the substrate, and is configured to protect the IC from interference;
a plurality of first antenna arrays each comprising a plurality of directional monopole antenna elements adjacent to the conductive shield that is a reflector for the plurality of directional monopole antennas; and
a plurality of second antenna arrays each comprising a plurality of directional dipole antenna elements parallel to the second layer of the substrate that is a ground plane for the plurality of directional dipole antennas,
wherein the plurality of directional monopole antenna elements and the plurality of directional dipole antenna elements are respectively disposed adjacent to each other, and

wherein each of the plurality of directional monopole antennas is configured to transmit the RF signals in a first polarization and wherein each of the plurality of directional dipole antennas is configured to transmit the RF signals in a second polarization that is orthogonal to the first polarization.
22. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
an integrated circuit (IC) connected to the substrate, the IC comprising a transceiver that includes a transmitter (TX) configured to generate first radio frequency (RF) signals and a receiver (RX) configured to process received second RF signals, wherein the TX and RX operate at different times; and
a dual feed antenna configured on the substrate, wherein the dual feed antenna includes a TX feedline matching point and an RX feedline matching point, wherein the first feed mechanism is directly connected to the TX feedline matching point of the dual feed antenna and the second feed mechanism is directly connected to the RX feedline matching point of the dual feed antenna,
wherein the first RF signals are transmitted by the dual feed antenna and the second RF signals are received by the dual feed antenna.
23. The apparatus of claim 22, wherein the TX comprises a power amplifier (PA) that is coupled to a
first feed mechanism, and the RX comprises a low noise amplifier (LNA) that is coupled to a second feed
mechanism.
24. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a plurality of antenna arrays configured on the substrate;
a integrated circuit (IC) shield comprising a first section affixed to the substrate and a cover connected to the first section; and
an IC connected to the substrate and situated within the first section,
wherein an area of the cover is configured to be a reflector of the antenna array to improve the gain of the antenna,
wherein a portion of the first section extends through a space in the cover to extend the area of the cover as the reflector of the antenna array, and
wherein the extended area is configured as a reflector for at least one of the plurality of antenna arrays.
25. An apparatus of a mobile device, the apparatus comprising:
a substrate;
a radio front end module (RFEM) connected to the substrate and comprising an integrated circuit (IC) configured to generate radio frequency (RF) signals;
an antenna array fed by a feeding mechanism coupled to the IC wherein the antenna array is configured to transmit the RF signals;
a conductive IC shield that covers the IC;
an obstruction adjacent the antenna array that interferes with antenna array transmission; and
an interposer coupled to the substrate,

wherein the antenna array and the conductive IC shield are mounted on the interposer and wherein the interposer increases height to improve antenna array transmission.
26. An apparatus of a communication device, the apparatus comprising:
a digital polar transmitter comprising:
a rectangular-to-polar converter configured to generate a polar output signal based on a rectangular input signal;
a digital-to-time converter (DTC) configured to receive a radio frequency (RF) oscillator signal and generate a DTC output signal based on the polar output signal in response to receiving the RF oscillator signal; and
an output oscillator configured to receive the DTC output signal and an output oscillator signal at a mmWave frequency.
27. An apparatus of a receiver, the apparatus comprising:
a feedforward equalizer (FFE), the FFE comprising:
a plurality of FFE stages connected in series and comprising vertically and horizontally polarized in-phase (I) and quadrature-phase (Q) signal inputs in parallel, each FFE stage comprising:
a plurality of delays, and
cross-coupling of the vertically and horizontally polarized I and Q signals at a tap adjacent to each of the plurality of delays, the cross-coupling configured to generate cross-coupled vertically and horizontally polarized I and Q signals.
28. An apparatus of a receiver, the apparatus comprising:
a Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE), the DFE comprising:
a path comprising a serial chain and parallel chains, the serial chain configured to generate
at least a 1 bit output, and a 2 bit, most significant bit (MSB) and least significant bit (LSB) output; a selector configured to select between the serial and parallel chains; and a plurality of taps disposed along the path, wherein a number of taps of the plurality of taps
are dependent on selected serial chain and parallel chains, and wherein outputs from the plurality
of taps are configured to compensate for post-cursor inter-symbol interference (ISI).
29. An apparatus of a mmWave communication device, the apparatus comprising at least one of:
a receiver hybrid beamforming architecture configured to receive mmWave beamformed signals, the receiver hybrid beamforming architecture comprising an analog receiver beamforming structure and a digital receiver beamforming structure having different numbers of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) with different resolutions; or
a transmitter hybrid beamforming architecture configured to transmit mmWave beamformed signals, the transmitter hybrid beamforming architecture comprising an analog transmitter beamforming structure and a digital transmitter beamforming structure having different numbers of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) with different resolutions.

30. An apparatus of a mmWave communication device, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver beamforming architecture configured to receive mmWave beamformed signals, the digital receiver beamforming architecture comprising a variable resolution analog-to-digital converter (ADC); and
a transmitter beamforming architecture configured to transmit mmWave beamformed signals, the transmitter beamforming architecture comprising a variable resolution digital-to-analog converter (DAC),
wherein a resolution of the ADC or DAC is adapted to limit power consumption to a predetermined transceiver power dissipation constraint free from reducing a number of ADCs or DACs used in the receiver or transmitter beamforming architecture.
31. An apparatus of a communication device, the apparatus comprising:
an analog or hybrid beamforming architecture comprising a plurality of phase shifters configured to set a steering angle for antennas configured to communicate beamformed signals; and a processor configured to:
determine a codebook to provide beam steering for the antennas, the codebook being limited to a subset of steering angles of the antennas; and
provide inputs to the phase shifters to set a particular steering angle outside the subset of steering angles through a determination of a limited steering angle within the subset of steering angles and an integer shift value to shift the limited steering angle to the particular steering angle.
32. An apparatus of a charge pump, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of switches controlled by a plurality of different control signals; and
an output capacitor to which the switches are connected,
wherein a voltage on the output capacitor is controlled by leakage capacitances and subthreshold injection of the switches free an output voltage of the charge pump from use of a current reference or charge accumulation device.
33. An apparatus of a communication device, comprising:
receiver circuitry comprising:
a plurality of first quantizers configured to receive beamformed signals; and
a feedforward loop configured to supply analog compensation signals to the beamformed
signals, prior to supplying the beamformed signals to the quantizers, to form compensated
beamformed signals,
wherein the beamformed signals comprise a signal from a transmitter and an interferer signal, wherein the analog compensation signals are configured to compensate for the interferer signal.
34. An apparatus of a communication device, the apparatus comprising:
a receiver comprising:
compensation circuitry configured to compensate, in an analog domain of the receiver, for interference in a radio frequency (RF) signal received at each of a plurality of beamforming antennas and produce an analog compensated signal;

a quantizer to transform, to a quantized output, an analog input signal that is dependent on the compensation circuitry; and
a baseband processor configured to:
receive a baseband input signal that is dependent on the quantized output, apply an inversion of the compensation to the baseband input signal to reconstitute
a digital version of the RF signal, and
perform signal processing on the digital version of the RF signal.
35. An apparatus of a communication device, comprising:
an analog to digital converter system (ADCS) comprising:
an adjustable ADC configuration, the ADC configuration comprising:
a plurality of core ADCs that are adjustable between parallel operation in an averaging mode and serial operation in a time-interleaved mode,
wherein the ADCS configured in the averaging mode for higher resolution, lower bandwidth operation of the communication device, and in the time-interleaved mode for lower resolution, higher speed operation of the communication device.
36. An apparatus of a communication device, comprising:
receiver circuitry comprising a plurality of analog to digital converters (ADCs) configured to receive beamformed signals, the receiver circuitry configured to provide analog compensation to the beamformed signals prior to the beamformed signals being supplied to the ADCs,
wherein the beamformed signals comprise a desired signal and an interferer signal, the compensation configured to compensate for the interferer signal and reduce dynamic gains of the ADCs.
37. A calibration circuit for an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), comprising:
a plurality of signal channels, each comprising a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) in a transmit path of a radio-frequency transceiver and an ADC driven by a clock in a receive path of the transceiver;
a reference signal generator to generate a reference signal in a transmit path of at least one signal channel;
a loopback connection to transmit the reference signal to the receive path corresponding to the transmit path of the at least one signal channel;
a phase estimator to determine an estimated time skew associated with the reference signal; and
a delay correction circuit to control clock timing to compensate for the estimated time skew and wherein the delay correction circuit comprises an input for the estimated time skew.
38. An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with gain correction device, comprising:
a switch to switch between a device input in a normal operation mode and a reference voltage input in a calibration mode to output a switched signal;
a plurality of signal channels, each comprising an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to receive a slice of the switched signal and output a digital output signal;
a selection circuitry to select a combined output signal from the digital output signals of the ADCs;

a measurement and correction unit to adjust, a signal during the normal operation mode to produce a gain adjusted output signal and generate a measurement signal during the calibration mode; and
a controller to control the switch and the measurement and correction unit to operate in the normal operation mode or the calibration mode, store measurement signal data in a memory to adjust the combined output signal, and control an interleave timing of the signal channels.
39. A phased array transmitter, comprising:
a plurality of transmission channels, each comprising an antenna and a transmit amplifier coupled to the antenna;
a transmission power splitter to split an output signal into a plurality of output channel signals to the transmit amplifiers in the transmission channels for output at a respective antenna;
a conversion circuit to convert digital transmission data into the output signal that is split into the plurality of output channel signals; and
an external non-linear data processor to determine non-linearity characteristics of a signal regarding a power transmission signal characteristic of an external phased array transceiver (EPAT) and to provide non-linearity data for correcting non-linearities in the EPAT to an IF transmitter stage for transmission to the EPAT.
40. A gain control device for a receiver, comprising a processor and a memory, the processor
configured to:
in a dithering operation mode:
receive a first input signal at a first signal power level;
separately apply, using a switch, a first and second AGC gain settings to the first input signal and respectively measure a first and second signal quality measure (SQM) for the first and second AGC gain settings; and
determine a threshold value of a power level to switch between using the first AGC gain setting and the second AGC gain setting based on the first and second SQMs; and in a normal operation mode:
determine whether to use the first or second AGC gain setting for a second input signal at the first signal power level based on the threshold value.
41. A phased array radio transceiver, comprising:
a plurality of cells, each comprising:
a transmitter;
a receiver;
a digital processing block;
an input-output and phase-combining unit; and
a multiplexer and demultiplexer for each of a plurality of cell edges to communicate with adjacent cells; and
a bus that interconnects the plurality of cells and carries an oscillator signal and control signals between the plurality of cells.

42. An injection-locked modulation circuit for a phased array transceiver, comprising:
a tank circuit comprising an inductor connected to a capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CAP-DAC), the tank circuit having a frequency modifiable by a data input signal;
an injection circuit to lock inject frequency to lock an output frequency of the tank circuit at a subharmonic of an output carrier frequency; and
a frequency generator that generates a carrier frequency by multiplying the locked output frequency by an integer.
43. An apparatus for performing clock and data recover (CDR) for a wireless modulation signal in a
wireless receiver, comprising:
in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) channels to process modulation signals received by the receiver; a memory for storing a plurality of mode values with adjustment indications; and a mode unit comprising a processor to:
receive data from the I and Q channels;
read a current mode from the memory; and
adjust a current sampling phase of the signal consistent with the adjustment indication based on the current mode.
44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the memory comprises a mode table.
45. An automatic gain control (AGC) circuit for a radio-frequency (RF) receiver, comprising a processor and a memory, the processor to:
receive a plurality of quantized signals from a quadrature modulated signal; assign the plurality of quantized signals into regions of a constellation map made up of in-phase (I) / quadrature (Q) quantization bins according to their quantized power level;
determine a maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) based on the assigned quantized signals;
estimate a power based on the MLE; and
adjust a variable gain amplifier for further received signals based on the estimated power.
46. A device for controlling an antenna array in a phased array transceiver, comprising:
a plurality of transceiver slices, each comprising:
an antenna element forming a part of an antenna array of the device;
a transmit and receive switch switchable between a transmit mode (TM) and a receive mode (RM) operation;
a receive path comprising a variable low noise amplifier and phase shifter, the receive path coupled to the antenna element in the receive mode; and
a transmit path comprising a variable power amplifier and phase shifter, the transmit path coupled to the antenna in the transmit mode;
a memory comprising gain adjustment values that map to a number of antenna elements that are active; and
a processor to configure for minimum current drain settings of the antenna array based on the gain adjustment values.

47. The device of claim 46, wherein the memory comprises a gain table storing the gain adjustment values.
48. A digital-to-analog circuit device, comprising:
a first component comprising a current source and a first plurality of switchable paths for the current source to drain;
a voltage reference point coupled to the first component, and is associated with the first plurality of switchable paths is based on a first number of the paths that are switched on; and
a second component coupled to the voltage reference point, the second component comprising a second plurality of switchable paths and an output associated with the second component that is based on a second number of paths that are switched on and the voltage reference point.
49. An equalizer device for a radio frequency receiver device, comprising:
a digital processing portion, wherein a plurality of inputs are coupled to an in-phase (I) signal line and a quadrature (Q) signal line on the digital processing portion of the receiver; and
an analog processing portion; and
a plurality of filter and processing elements that operate on input signals of the plurality of inputs to generate signals for a plurality of outputs,
wherein the plurality of outputs are coupled to an I signal line and a Q signal line on an analog processing portion of the receiver.
50. An apparatus comprising a bidirectional amplifier, the bidirectional amplifier comprising:
a first amplifier to amplify a Transmit (Tx) signal to provide an amplified Tx signal at a Tx mode;
a second amplifier to amplify a Receive (Rx) signal to provide an amplified Rx signal at an Rx mode;
a first transformer to provide the Tx signal from a first input or output to the first amplifier at the Tx mode, and to output the amplified Rx signal from the second amplifier at the first input or output at the Rx mode;
a second transformer to provide the Rx signal from a second input or output to the second amplifier at the Rx mode, and to output the amplified Tx signal from the first amplifier at the second input or output at the Tx mode; and
a plurality of switches to, at the Tx mode, switch a plurality of activating voltages to the first amplifier and a plurality of deactivating voltages to the second amplifier, the plurality of switches to, at the Rx mode, switch the plurality of activating voltages to the second amplifier and the plurality of deactivating voltages to the first amplifier.
51. An apparatus comprising an active bi-directional splitter/combiner (ABDSC) switchable between a
combiner mode and a splitter mode, the ABDSC comprising:
a plurality of antenna interfaces to receive, at the combiner mode, a plurality of Receive (Rx) signals from a respective plurality of antenna ports, and to output, at the splitter mode, a plurality of Transmit (Tx) signals to the respective plurality of antenna ports; and

a transformer to operably couple the ABDSC to amplification circuitry, the transformer configured to transfer, at the splitter mode, a Tx signal from the amplification circuitry to the plurality of antenna interfaces, and to combine, at the combiner mode, the plurality of Rx signals into a combined Rx signal to be provided to the amplification circuitry.
52. An apparatus comprising a digital power amplifier (PA) to controllably amplify and modulate an input
signal based on a digital control signal, the digital PA comprising:
a plurality of stacked gate-controlled amplifiers, controllable by the digital control signal, to provide a plurality of amplified modulated signals, a stacked gate control amplifier of the plurality of stacked gate controlled amplifiers comprising a first input to receive the input signal, a second input to receive the digital control signal, and an output to provide an amplified modulated signal of the plurality of amplified modulated signals; and
a combiner to combine the plurality of amplified modulated signals into a combiner output signal having an output power level and a modulation, the output power level and modulation are based on the digital control signal.
53. An apparatus comprising a two-stage Doherty amplifier, the two-stage Doherty amplifier
comprising:
at least one driver amplifier to amplify a driver amplified input signal to provide a driver radio frequency (RF) signal at a first stage;
at least one main amplifier to amplify the driver RF signal to provide a main amplifier signal at a second stage;
at least one controllable peaking amplifier to be turned to an On state based on a level of the driver RF signal and, at the On state, to amplify the driver RF signal to provide a peaking amplifier signal; and
a sub-quarter wavelength (SQWL) balun to combine the main amplifier signal with the peaking amplifier signal, the SQWL balun comprising a first transmission line to match an impedance between at least one output of the at least one driver amplifier, at least one input of the at least one main amplifier, and at least one input of the at least one controllable peaking amplifier, the SQWL balun comprising a second transmission line to match an impedance between at least one output of the at least one main amplifier and at least one output of the at least one controllable peaking amplifier.
54. An apparatus comprising an in phase (I) quadrature phase (Q) (I/Q) generator, the I/ Q generator
comprising:
a local oscillator (LO) to generate a LO signal;
a first controllable phase modulation chain to, at a Transmit (Tx) mode, generate a phase modulated Tx signal based on the LO signal, and to, at a Receive (Rx) mode, generate a phase modulated I signal based on the LO signal;
a second controllable phase modulation chain to generate, at the Rx mode, a phase modulated Q signal based on the LO signal; and
mixer circuitry to, at the Rx mode, downconvert a Rx signal from one or more antenna ports into an I-phase modulated downconverted signal based on the phase modulated I signal, and into a Q-phase modulated downconverted signal based on the phase modulated Q signal.

55. An apparatus comprising a Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier, the RF amplifier comprising:
first outphasing amplifier circuitry to provide a first in-phase (I) signal based on a first input signal, and a first Quadrature phase (Q) signal based on a second input signal;
second outphasing amplifier circuitry to provide a second I signal based on the first input signal, and a second Q signal based on the second input signal;
third outphasing amplifier circuitry to provide a third I signal based on a third input signal, and a third Q signal based on a fourth input signal;
fourth outphasing amplifier circuitry to provide a fourth I signal based on the third input signal, and a fourth Q signal based on the fourth input signal; and
a sub-quarter wavelength (SQWL) four-way combiner balun comprising a first inductive stub to couple the first I signal and the second I signal to a first transmission line, a second inductive stub to couple the third I signal and the fourth I signal to a second transmission line, a first capacitive stub to couple the first Q signal and the second Q signal to the first transmission line, and a second capacitive stub to couple the third Q signal and the fourth Q signal to the second transmission line, the first transmission line to provide a first RF signal based on a combination of the first I signal, the second I signal, the first Q signal, and the second Q signal, the second transmission line to provide a second RF signal based on a combination of the third I signal, the fourth I signal, the third Q signal, and the fourth Q signal.
56. An apparatus comprising a controllable phase-shifter, the controllable phase-shifter comprising:
In-phase (I) phase shifting circuitry to provide a phase shifted I signal based on an I signal and a
Quadrature-phase (Q) signal, the I phase shifting circuitry configured to provide a first shifted I signal by shifting a phase of the I signal according to a first control signal, to provide a first shifted Q signal by shifting a phase of the Q signal according to a second control signal, and to provide the phase shifted I signal by combining the first shifted I signal with the first shifted Q signal; and
Q phase shifting circuitry to provide a phase shifted Q signal based on the Q signal and the I signal, the Q phase shifting circuitry configured to provide a second shifted I signal by shifting the phase of the I signal according to a third control signal, to provide a second shifted Q signal by shifting the phase of the Q signal according to a fourth control signal, and to provide the phase shifted Q signal by combining the second shifted I signal with the second shifted Q signal.
57. An apparatus comprising a power amplifier (PA) Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) (PA-LNA) interface to
interface an antenna terminal with a PA and an LNA, the PA-LNA interface comprising:
a sensor to provide a sensed signal based on a transmit (Tx) signal from the PA;
a phase rotator to provide a phase rotated signal by rotating a phase of the sensed signal;
a variable gain amplifier (VGA) to provide a Tx leakage cancelation signal by amplifying the phase rotated signal based on an amplitude of the Tx signal; and
a combiner to combine a first combiner input signal with a second combiner input signal, the first combiner input signal comprising the Tx leakage cancellation signal, the second combiner input signal comprising a Tx leakage from the Tx signal to the LNA.

58. An apparatus comprising local oscillator (LO) distribution network circuitry comprising at least one
In-phase (I) Quadrature phase (Q) (IQ) generator, the I/Q generator comprising:
phase shifting circuitry to generate a first phase shifted signal and a second phase shifted signal based on a LO signal having a first frequency, a phase of the second phase shifted signal is shifted by about 30 degrees from a phase of the first phase shifted signal;
first tripler circuitry to generate an I signal having a second frequency, by tripling the phase of the first phase shifted signal and tripling a frequency of the first phase shifted signal; and
second tripler circuitry to generate a Q signal having the second frequency, by tripling the phase of the second phase shifted signal and tripling a frequency of the second phase shifted signal.
59. An apparatus comprising wideband amplifier circuitry, the wideband amplifier circuitry comprising:
a splitter to split a radio frequency (RF) input signal into a high frequency band signal and a low
frequency band signal, the splitter comprising first circuitry to filter the low frequency band signal from the RF input signal, and second circuitry to filter the high frequency band signal from the RF input signal;
a high band amplifier to amplify the high frequency band signal to provide a first amplified signal;
a low band amplifier to amplify the low frequency band signal to provide a second amplified signal; and
a combiner to combine the first amplified signal and the second amplified signal into an amplified RF signal.
60. An apparatus comprising a plurality of impedance matching switches to switchably couple a modem
core to one or more radio cores of a plurality of radio cores, an impedance matching switch of the plurality
of impedance matching switches comprising:
a first terminal to be operably coupled to the modem core;
a second terminal to be operably coupled to a respective radio core of the plurality of radio cores; and
impedance matching circuitry to controllably match an impedance between the radio core and the modem core, based on a count of the one or more radio cores to be coupled to the modem core by the plurality of impedance matching switches.
61. An apparatus comprising bi-directional mixer, the bi-directional mixer comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) terminal;
an intermediate frequency (IF) terminal;
a first voltage terminal;
a second voltage terminal; and
mixing circuitry configured to operate at an upconversion mode when a first bias voltage is to be applied to the first voltage terminal and a second bias voltage is to be applied to the second voltage terminal, and to operate at a downconversion mode when the second bias voltage is to be applied to the first voltage terminal and the first bias voltage is to be applied to the second voltage terminal, the mixing circuitry to, at the downconversion mode, downconvert a first RF signal at the RF terminal into a first IF signal at the IF terminal, and, at the upconversion mode, upconvert a second IF signal at the IF terminal into a second RF signal at the RF terminal.

62. A non-transitory computer program medium comprising instructions that cause a device or system to operate as shown and/or described herein.