WIRELESS DOWNHOLE UNIT
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to a wireless downhole unit adapted to be lowered
into a well in a casing having an inner wall and an inner diameter. The wireless
downhole unit comprises an electrical motor, a pump, and driving means for al
lowing movement of the wireless downhole unit within the casing, and at least
one battery pack. The present invention further relates to a downhole system.
Background art
During oil production, it may become necessary to perform maintenance work in
a well or to open a production well. Such well work is known as well intervention.
A production casing is arranged inside the well and is closed by a well head in its
upper end. The well head may be placed on shore, on an oil rig or on the seabed.
In order to lower and raise the tool into and out of the well and supply the tool
with electricity, the tool is connected to a wireline at its top, which is fed through
the well head. In order to seal the well while performing the operation using the
tool, the wireline passes through a high-pressure grease injection section and
sealing elements for sealing around the wireline.
In order to seal around the wireline as it passes through the grease injection sec
tion, high-pressure grease is pumped into the surrounding annulus to effect a
pressure-tight dynamic seal which is maintained during the operation by injecting
more grease as required. A slight leakage of grease is normal, and the addition of
fresh grease allows for the consistency of the seal to be maintained at an effec
tive level. In this way, grease leaks from the grease injection section into the sea
during an intervention operation, which is not environmentally desirable. Due to
the increasing awareness of the environment, there is a need for a more envi
ronmentally friendly solution.Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to wholly or partly overcome the above
disadvantages and drawbacks of the prior art. More specifically, it is an object to
provide an improved wireless tool for operating in the well without the use of a
wireline or a similar power line.
The above objects, together with numerous other objects, advantages, and fea
tures, which will become evident from the below description, are accomplished by
a solution in accordance with the present invention by a wireless downhole unit
adapted to be lowered into a well in a casing having an inner wall and an inner
diameter, comprising:
- an electrical motor,
- a pump,
- driving means for allowing movement of the wireless downhole unit within the
casing,
- at least one battery pack comprising at least one battery for powering the elec
trical motor driving the pump driving the driving means to move the unit along
the inner wall of the casing,
wherein the unit comprises an expandable device having a centre and being ex
pandable from a first diameter to a second diameter, the expandable device has
an aperture in the centre, and a turbine is arranged in fluid connection with the
aperture for recharging the battery.
In one embodiment, part of the turbine may be arranged in the aperture.
Said turbine may comprise an impeller arranged in fluid connection with the ap
erture for recharging the battery.
Moreover, the turbine may comprise a propeller arranged in fluid connection with
the aperture for recharging the battery.
Also, the turbine may comprise a generator rotated by a shaft connected with the
impeller or propeller of the turbine.
Further, the turbine may comprise a gear arranged between the generator and
the shaft.In one embodiment, the battery pack may comprise a plurality of batteries and a
battery holder for holding the batteries.
The battery may be rechargeable.
Furthermore, the battery may be a lithium battery.
Additionally, the battery may be a high voltage battery of nominally at least 3
volts.
Moreover, the battery holder may be made of a heat-resistant material.
The holder being made of a heat-resistant material ensures that it maintains its
shape despite the high pressure and temperature surrounding the unit downhole,
preventing the batteries from losing electrical contact with the tool when the
holder changes shape. The holder also protects the batteries from this high tem
perature and pressure. Using high voltage batteries increases the precautionary
measures with regard to safety.
The heat-resistant material may be polyamide or peek.
The battery pack may furthermore comprise a battery housing enclosing the bat
tery holder, forming a longitudinal space therebetween, in which the batteries
can be arranged and connected in series while being kept in place.
By being housed in a battery holder, the batteries are kept firmly in place during
bumping, allowing use of high voltage batteries in a downhole tool.
The battery housing may have an openable panel for inserting batteries into the
battery pack.
Furthermore, the battery pack may comprise a recharge connection for recharg
ing the batteries.
The recharge connection may comprise an induction unit abutting an induction
unit in the well, e.g. in a well head or a lubricator, for recharging and/or t rans
mitting and receiving data to and from the wireless downhole unit.In one embodiment, the batteries may be arranged in rows in the battery holder.
The arrangement of the batteries in rows allows for the use of more conventional
batteries and increases the safety due to the fact that if one battery explodes,
only one row of batteries will be destroyed, but the batteries in the other rows
can still function and power the wireless unit.
Additionally, the driving means may be wheels.
Further, the second diameter may be smaller than the inner diameter of the cas
ing, forming a gap between the expandable device and the casing.
The gap may be 0.1-10 cm, preferably 1-5 cm.
In addition, the expandable device may taper from the second diameter towards
the centre.
Moreover, a turbine may be arranged in the aperture for recharging the battery.
Furthermore, the expandable device may take the form of a parachute or an um
brella.
Additionally, the expandable device may be arranged in one end of the unit.
Further, the expandable device may be arranged downstream of the motor, and
it may be made of polymer.
Also, the device may comprise a reinforcement, and the reinforcement may be a
grid.
The device may comprise ribs for maintaining the shape of the device in its ex
panded condition.
The present invention furthermore relates to a downhole system comprising a
well having a casing and the wireless downhole unit described above.Brief description of the drawings
The invention and its many advantages will be described in more detail below
with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings, which for the purpose of
illustration show some non-limiting embodiments and in which
Fig. 1 shows a wireless downhole unit,
Fig. 2 shows a battery pack,
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the battery pack,
Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the wireless downhole unit with an expand
able device in its expanded condition,
Fig. 5 shows the embodiment of Fig. 4 in its unexpanded condition,
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the wireless downhole unit,
Fig. 7 shows the embodiment of Fig. 4 in its expanded condition, and
Fig. 8 shows the wireless downhole unit in a well.
All the figures are highly schematic and not necessarily to scale, and they show
only those parts which are necessary in order to elucidate the invention, other
parts being omitted or merely suggested.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 shows a wireless downhole unit 1, 100 arranged inside a casing 3 in a well
2 downhole. The wireless downhole unit 1, 100 comprises a driving unit 15 hav
ing driving means 7 in the form of wheels running along an inner wall 4 of the
casing 3. The wireless downhole unit 1, 100 is typically used to drive an opera
tional tool into the well 2 to perform an operation, such as opening a sleeve,
measuring a temperature and/or pressure of the well fluid, logging the condition
of the casing with regard to leaks, etc. The wireless downhole unit 1, 100 is thusconnected to a wide range of operational tools and sometimes several tools at a
time.
In order to propel itself along the casing wall, the wireless downhole unit 1, 100
comprises wheels which are driven by a pump 6 driven by an electrical motor 5.
The wireless downhole unit 1, 100 comprises a battery pack 8 for powering the
electrical motor 5, comprising a plurality of batteries. The battery pack 8 is ar
ranged in the part of the wireless downhole unit 1, 100 which is closest to the
well head 110, as shown in Fig. 8. By placing the battery pack 8 and thus the
batteries in the outermost end closest to the top of the well 2, the batteries can
easily be recharged or replaced just by entering the well head.
The batteries are arranged in rows within a housing enclosing a battery holder
10, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 1. As shown in Fig. 2, the holder is
formed with grooves corresponding to the shape of batteries arranged in rows
and connected in series. The holder is made of a solid material holding the bat
teries in place while protecting them during movements. The holder may be
made of any solid material. The holder being enclosed by the housing allows for
the possibility of using lithium batteries although these are not normally suitable
for use downhole due to the higher temperature and pressure in the well. Lithium
batteries are normally twice as effective as other batteries, which increases the
stretch of time of the wireless unit remaining in the well before it has to ascend
to recharge or change its batteries. Furthermore, the solid holder allows for the
use of a high voltage battery of at least 3 volts, preferably at least 5 volts, more
preferably 10 volts. By using high voltage batteries, more power-demanding op
erations can be performed.
The battery holder 10 is made of a heat-resistant material increasing the protec
tion of the batteries in the battery pack 8. The housing may also be made of a
heat-resistant material protecting the batteries from the high temperature and
pressure surrounding the battery pack 8. Using high voltage batteries increases
the precautionary measures with regard to safety. The heat-resistant material
may be polyamide or peek.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, the holder has three elongated grooves in which the
batteries are arranged, connected in series. The batteries are inserted into the
holder from one end of the battery pack and may easily be replaced when theunit has been used to perform an operation downhole. The arrangement of the
batteries in rows allows for the use of more conventional batteries and increases
the safety due to the fact that if one battery explodes, only one row of batteries
will be destroyed, but the batteries in the other rows can still function and power
the wireless unit.
In Fig. 2, the battery pack 8 comprises a panel 12 which facilitates battery re
placement without it being necessary to disconnect the end of the battery pack 8,
as shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 3 shows the battery pack 8 comprising a recharge connection 13 for recharging the batteries while still in the well. The recharge con
nection 13 comprises an induction unit abutting an induction unit in the well 2,
e.g. in a well head or a lubricator, for recharging and/or transmitting and receiv
ing data to and from the wireless downhole unit.
Another way of recharging the batteries is shown in Fig. 4 where the wireless
downhole unit 1, 100 comprises an expandable device 101 which is expandable
from a first diameter D to a second diameter D2
. When the expandable device is
in its expanded condition, a gap 103 is formed between the device 101 and the
casing 3, as shown in Fig. 7. The formation fluid is then let to flow by opening the
valve in the well head, and due to the expanded expandable device 101, the high
pressure fluid from the formation is prevented from flowing freely past the wire
less downhole unit 1, 100. The expandable device 101 has a centre 102 and an
aperture 104 at the centre 102. A propeller 106 of a propeller-driven turbine 105
is arranged on a shaft 112 of the turbine 105 in the aperture 104, and the fluid,
which is prevented from flowing past the expandable device 101, is forced to
pass through the aperture 104. While passing the aperture 104, the fluid forces
the propeller 106 and the shaft to rotate and thereby recharge the batteries via a
generator 114 in the turbine converting the rotating energy of the shaft to elec
tricity. The gap between the expandable device 101 and the casing 3 is 0.1-10
cm, preferably 0.5-8 cm, more preferably 2-5 cm. When the batteries have been
recharged, the valve is closed again.
The expandable device 101 tapers from the second diameter towards the centre
in order to direct the fluid into the aperture 104. The expandable device 101 is
collapsible like an umbrella or a parachute, as shown in Fig. 5.In Fig. 6, an impeller 111 of the turbine 105 is arranged in the aperture instead
of the propeller, for recharging the battery 9. The impellers 111 are driven by the
fluid forced to pass through the aperture and drive the generator 114 in the tur
bine 105 via a shaft 112 to convert the rotary energy into electricity for recharging the batteries. The expandable device 101 is arranged in one end of the unit
downstream of the battery 9 and closest to the top of the well or the well head
110. The expandable device is made of polymer strengthened by an embedded
grid or ribs 107 for maintaining the shape of the device in its expanded condition.
In another embodiment, the expandable device 101 does not have an aperture,
or the propeller 106 or turbine 105 may be stopped so that the fluid can no long
er pass through the centre of the expandable device 101. The expandable device
101 may then be used for moving the wireless unit upwards in the well by means
of the pressurised fluid from the formation. Hereby, the wireless downhole unit 1,
100 is able to ascend without having any power left in the batteries by unfolding
the expandable device 101.
The expandable device 101 may be designed in a way which causes the turbine
105 or propeller 106 to rotate, but where the wireless downhole unit 1, 100 is
still forced upwards by the pressure from the formation fluid. Hereby, the wire
less downhole unit 1, 100 is recharged, and when the valve has been closed and
the fluid stops flowing, the wireless downhole unit 1, 100 can retract its driving
means and move downwards due to gravity.
By fluid or well fluid is meant any kind of fluid that may be present in oil or gas
wells downhole, such as natural gas, oil, oil mud, crude oil, water, etc. By gas is
meant any kind of gas composition present in a well, completion, or open hole,
and by oil is meant any kind of oil composition, such as crude oil, an oilcontaining fluid, etc. Gas, oil, and water fluids may thus all comprise other elements or substances than gas, oil, and/or water, respectively.
By a casing is meant any kind of pipe, tubing, tubular, liner, string etc. used
downhole in relation to oil or natural gas production.
In the event that the tool is not submergible all the way into the casing, a downhole tractor can be used to push the tool all the way into position in the well. Adownhole tractor is any kind of driving tool capable of pushing or pulling tools in
a well downhole, such as a Well Tractor®.
Although the invention has been described in the above in connection with preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be evident for a person skilled in the
art that several modifications are conceivable without departing from the inven
tion as defined by the following claims.Claims
1. A wireless downhole unit (1, 100) adapted to be lowered into a well (2) in a
casing (3) having an inner wall (4) and an inner diameter (Dc
), comprising:
- an electrical motor (5),
- a pump (6),
- driving means (7) for allowing movement of the wireless downhole unit within
the casing,
- at least one battery pack (8) comprising at least one battery (9) for powering
the electrical motor driving the pump driving the driving means to move the unit
along the inner wall of the casing,
wherein the unit comprises an expandable device (101) having a centre (102)
and being expandable from a first diameter (Di) to a second diameter (D2
), the
expandable device has an aperture (104) in the centre, and a turbine (105) is arranged in fluid connection with the aperture for recharging the battery.
2. A wireless downhole unit according to claim 1, wherein the battery pack
comprises a plurality of batteries and a battery holder (10) for holding the batter
ies.
3. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the battery is rechargeable.
4. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the battery is a lithium battery.
5. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the battery is a high voltage battery of at least 3 volts.
6. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the battery holder is made of a heat-resistant material.
7. A wireless downhole unit according to claim 6, wherein the heat-resistant
material is polyamide or peek.
8. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the battery pack comprises a battery housing (11) enclosing the battery holder,forming a longitudinal space therebetween, in which the batteries can be ar
ranged and connected in series while being kept in place.
9. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the batteries are arranged in rows in the battery holder.
10. A wireless downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims, wherein
the driving means are wheels.
11. A wireless downhole unit according to claim 1, wherein the second diameter
is smaller than the inner diameter of the casing, forming a gap (103) between
the expandable device and the casing.
12. A wireless downhole unit according to claim 11, wherein the gap is 0.1-10
cm.
13. A wireless downhole unit according to any of claims 11-12, wherein the ex
pandable device tapers from the second diameter towards the centre.
14. A wireless downhole unit according to any of claims 11-13, wherein the ex
pandable device is formed as a parachute or an umbrella.
15. A wireless downhole unit according to any of claims 11-14, wherein the ex
pandable device is arranged in one end of the unit.
16. A downhole system comprising a well having a casing and the wireless
downhole unit according to any of the preceding claims