The present invention relates to a precast concrete toilet unit (100). The unit comprises of a monolithic precast concrete structure having a plurality of walls (110a, 110b. 110c), a roof (120), at least a door (150) and a base foundation (130) wherein the mass of said base foundation is made equal to the combined m...

A monitoring system 300 for a hand pump 100 including a handle 140, and configured to discharge water in response to a movement of the handle 140. The monitoring system 300 includes a first sensing unit 310 to detect an actual volume of water discharged from the hand pump 100 during a pumping event, and a second sen...

A modular toilet is disclosed. The modular toilet includes a first pair of prefabricated panels formed of concrete. Each of the first pair of prefabricated panels has a first portion and a second portion angularly disposed relative to the first portion. The modular toilet also includes a second pair of prefabricated...

A building includes a plurality of walls for supporting a roof structure. Each wall includes a number of precast concrete wall panels, with each precast concrete wall panel being a vertically freestanding structure. Each precast concrete wall panel includes a first wall section, and two second wall sections disposed...

A foundation structure for a building is disclosed. The foundation structure includes a plurality of piles, one or more connectors, and one or more plinth beams. The piles are configured to be at least partially piled into ground. The one or more connectors are removably coupled to each pile of the plurality of pi...