Description:TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to a battery pack balancing system in a vehicle. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method and a system for balancing battery pack of vehicles, for example, electric vehicles (EVs).

BACKGROUND
[0002] Cell balancing in vehicle battery packs are performed to preserve health of the battery packs. Cell balance is a state in which all the individual cells have a same capacity and voltage. An imbalanced battery pack may overtime lead to degradation of the cells in the battery pack. Further, the imbalanced battery pack may lead to a reduction in depth of charge and discharge of the batter pack. For an electric vehicle (EV), the reduction in the depth of charge and the discharge of the battery pack directly correlates to the reduction in range of the vehicle.
[0003] Typically, passive cell balancing for EV battery packs may equalize terminal voltage of the cells in the battery pack. However, the cells with greatest imbalance may not be optimally prioritized and those cells are not balanced on priority.
[0004] Conventionally, EV battery packs may consist of a number of cells arranged in a parallel and series configuration as depicted in FIG. 1. Each set of parallel cells are typically associated with a voltage measurement, a balancing Field Effect Transistor (FET) and a balancing resistor. However, conventional cell balancing methods and systems mainly focus on balancing terminal voltages (Vt1, Vt2, etc…) and not balancing a state of charge (SOC). Further, the conventional cell balancing methods and systems fail to maintain temperature control of either the balancing resistor, an Analog Front End (AFE), and cell temperature during balancing.
[0005] Furthermore, the conventional cell balancing methods and systems concentrate on balancing the battery packs only at a rest mode of the vehicle and not in a driving mode or a charging mode. Further, hardware size and cost of balancing circuits in EV applications may be increased, and a compact balancing circuit may tend to heat a lot while performing the balancing operation.
[0006] There is, therefore, a need for a system for balancing battery pack of EVs in a cost-effective manner. Further, there is a need for a system that balances the battery packs at the rest mode, the driving mode, and the charging mode by overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art(s).

OBJECTS OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0007] A general object of the present disclosure is to provide a method and a system for balancing battery pack of vehicles, for example, electric vehicles (EVs) in an efficient and cost-effective manner.
[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to provide a system that determines a terminal voltage and a state of charge of cells of battery pack to balance the battery pack.
[0009] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system that estimates cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cells, and cell balancing duty cycles based on temperature of components of the battery pack to balance the battery pack.
[0010] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system that balances the cell based on a minimum duty cycle being estimated between the cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0011] Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a system that simultaneously balances the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cell based on a predefined threshold limit, and maintains the temperature of the components of the battery pack within a predefined threshold value.
[0012] Another object of the present disclosure is to determine the cells with maximum imbalance, prioritizes the maximum imbalanced cells, and balances the cells based on the priority while simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the components of the battery pack.

SUMMARY
[0013] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to a battery pack balancing system in a vehicle. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method and a system for balancing battery pack of vehicles, for example, electric vehicles (EVs).
[0014] In an aspect, the present disclosure describes a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The method includes simultaneously detecting, by a cell balancing system, a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack, and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack. The method includes determining, by the cell balancing system, a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell. The method includes estimating, by the cell balancing system, one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the at least one cell, and one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack. The method includes balancing, by the cell balancing system, the at least one cell based on a minimum duty cycle being estimated between the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0015] In some embodiments, the at least one component of the battery pack may include at least one of an Analog Front End (AFE) chip of the battery pack, a balancing resistor of the battery pack, and the at least one cell of the battery pack.
[0016] In some embodiments, the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature vary between 0 to 1.
[0017] In some embodiments, balancing, by the cell balancing system, the at least one cell may include controlling, by the cell balancing system, pulse width modulation of the at least one component of the battery pack.
[0018] In some embodiments, balancing, by the cell balancing system, the at least one cell may include determining and prioritizing at least one cell with maximum imbalance and balancing the at least one cell based on the priority.
[0019] In some embodiments, balancing, by the cell balancing system, the at least one cell may include simultaneously balancing, by the cell balancing system, the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the at least one cell based on a predefined threshold limit, and maintaining the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack.
[0020] In some embodiments, maintaining the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack may include determining, by the cell balancing system, that the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack is within a predefined threshold value.
[0021] In some embodiments, balancing, by the cell balancing system, the battery pack of the electric vehicle in at least one of a charging state of the electric vehicle, a driving state of the electric vehicle, and a rest state of the electric vehicle.
[0022] In some embodiments, the method may include reducing, by the cell balancing system, a generation of heat in the battery pack of the electric vehicle by maintaining the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack.
[0023] In an aspect, the present disclosure describes a cell balancing system in a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The cell balancing system includes one or more sensors to simultaneously detect a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack, and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack. The cell balancing system includes an imbalance controller operatively coupled with the one or more sensors to determine a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells. The cell balancing system includes a thermal controller operatively coupled with the one or more sensors and the imbalance controller, and adapted to maintain the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack within a predefined threshold value. The imbalance controller and the thermal controller may generate one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage, the state of charge, and the temperature, and estimate a minimum duty cycle from the one or more cell balancing duty cycles to balance the at least one cell of the plurality of cells of the battery pack.
[0024] Various objects, features, aspects and advantages of the inventive subject matter will become more apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, along with the accompanying drawing figures in which like numerals represent like components.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the present disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic representation of a conventional battery pack of an Electric Vehicle (EV).
[0027] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate exemplary block diagrams of a proposed system for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic representation depicting a lumped parameter model of a cell of a battery pack, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIGs. 6A and 6B illustrate exemplary flow diagrams for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0032] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary flow chart for implementing a proposed method, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The following is a detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure depicted in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments are in such details as to clearly communicate the disclosure. However, the amount of detail offered is not intended to limit the anticipated variations of embodiments; on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the present disclosures as defined by the appended claims.
[0034] Embodiments explained herein relate to a battery pack balancing system in a vehicle. In particular, the present disclosure provides a method and a system for balancing battery pack of vehicles, for example, electric vehicles (EVs).
[0035] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The method includes simultaneously detecting, by a cell balancing system, a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack, and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack. The method includes determining, by the cell balancing system, a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell. The method includes estimating, by the cell balancing system, one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the at least one cell, and one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack. The method includes balancing, by the cell balancing system, the at least one cell based on a minimum duty cycle being estimated between the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0036] In an aspect, the present disclosure relates to a cell balancing system in a battery pack of an electric vehicle. The cell balancing system includes one or more sensors to simultaneously detect a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack, and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack. The cell balancing system includes an imbalance controller operatively coupled with the one or more sensors to determine a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells. The cell balancing system includes a thermal controller operatively coupled with the one or more sensors and the imbalance controller, and adapted to maintain the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack within a predefined threshold value. The imbalance controller and the thermal controller may generate one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage, the state of charge, and the temperature, and estimate a minimum duty cycle from the one or more cell balancing duty cycles to balance the at least one cell of the plurality of cells of the battery pack.
[0037] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be explained in detail with respect to FIGs. 2A-7.
[0038] FIGs. 2A and 2B illustrate exemplary block diagrams (200A, 200B) of a proposed system (210) for balancing a battery pack (220) of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0039] With reference to FIGs. 2A and 2B, the system (210), for example, a cell balancing system may be implemented to optimally prioritize cells of the battery pack (220), i.e., cells with greatest or maximum imbalance and balance the cells based on a priority. The cell balancing system (210) may perform automatic temperature control of various components or sub-components of the battery pack (220). The components or sub-components of the battery pack (220) may include, without limitation, a battery management system (BMS) Analog Front end (AFE), a balancing resistor, or the cells of the battery pack (220). Further, the cell balancing system (210) may simultaneously balance a state of charge (SOC) and terminal voltages of the cells of the battery pack (220).
[0040] In an embodiment, the cell balancing system (210) may include one or more sensors (202), a state estimator (204), an imbalance controller (206), and a thermal controller (208). The one or more sensors (202), the state estimator (204), the imbalance controller (206), and the thermal controller (208) may be operatively coupled with each other.
[0041] In an embodiment, examples of the one or more sensors (202) may include, but not limited to, voltage sensors, current sensors, temperature sensors, proximity sensors, touch sensors, and the like. The one or more sensors (202) may simultaneously detect a voltage and a current of the cells in the battery pack (220), and a temperature of components of the battery pack (220).
[0042] In an embodiment, a state estimator (204) may be operatively coupled with the one or more sensors (202). The state estimator (204) may estimate a state of charge of the cells based on the detected current of the cells.
[0043] In an embodiment, the imbalance controller (206) may be operatively coupled with the one or more sensors (202). The imbalance controller (206) may determine a terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cells based on the voltage and the current of the cells. In an embodiment, the imbalance controller (206) may determine the cell with maximum imbalance and prioritizes the cells based on the imbalance. Further, the imbalance controller (206) may balance the cells based on the priority.
[0044] In an embodiment, the thermal controller (208) may be operatively coupled with the one or more sensors (202) and the imbalance controller (204). The thermal controller (208) may be adapted to maintain the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220) within a predefined threshold value.
[0045] In an embodiment, the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may generate one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage, the state of charge, and the temperature. The one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature may vary between 0 to 1. Further, the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may estimate a minimum duty cycle from the one or more cell balancing duty cycles to balance the cells of the battery pack (220).
[0046] In an embodiment, the cells of the battery pack may be balanced by controlling pulse width modulation (PWM) of the components of the battery pack (220). In an embodiment, the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may simultaneously balance the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cells based on a predefined threshold limit, and maintain the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220). The temperature of the components of the battery pack (220) may be maintained within a predefined threshold value.
[0047] In an embodiment, the cell balancing system (210) may reduce the imbalance in the battery pack (220) as quickly as possible while maintaining the temperatures of the balancing circuits within safe operating conditions. The battery pack (220) of the electric vehicle may be balanced in a charging state of the electric vehicle, a driving state of the electric vehicle, and a rest state of the electric vehicle.
[0048] In an embodiment, the cell balancing system (210) may reduce a generation of heat in the battery pack (220) of the electric vehicle by maintaining the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220).
[0049] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram (300) for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack (220) of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0050] With reference to FIG. 3, at step 310, a battery pack (220) may be charged by a current input into the battery pack (220). The battery pack (220) may include a plurality of cells.
[0051] At step 320, one or more parameters or data of a plurality of cells may be detected. The one or more parameters may include, but not limited to, current, voltage, and temperature of the plurality of cells. The current, the voltage, and the temperature of the plurality of cells may be input into a battery state estimator (204) via a signal selector (302). The battery state estimator (204) may estimate SOC and terminal voltage of the plurality of cells.
[0052] At step 330, the current, the voltage, and the temperature of the plurality of cells may be input into the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208). The imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may be combinedly known as a balancing controller. The imbalance controller (206) may determine the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the plurality of cells. At step 340, the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may receive the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the plurality of cells estimated by the battery state estimator (204).
[0053] In an embodiment, the imbalance controller (206) may determine the cell with maximum imbalance based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the plurality of cells and prioritizes the cells based on the imbalance. Further, the imbalance controller (206) may balance the cells based on the priority. The thermal controller (208) may maintain the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220) within a predefined threshold value based on the temperature of the plurality of cells.
[0054] At step 350, the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may provide a balancing command for each cell of the battery pack (220) to balance the plurality of cells of the battery pack (220).
[0055] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary schematic representation (400) depicting a lumped parameter model of a cell of a battery pack, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0056] With reference to FIG. 4, voltage and current dynamics of the cells of a battery pack (220) may be defined based on balancing input “D” and charging current “It” as follows:

…………………………….(1)

……………………….(2)
[0057] The above equations are used to control the “state” of the cell, and provide control over the SOC of the vehicle.
[0058] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary representation (500) for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0059] With reference to FIG. 5, the measurable quantities from the battery pack (220) which are voltage Vt and the temperature T and the controlled quantities which are the charging current It and the balancing rate D may be determined. To achieve control over the terminal voltage, an integral formulation defined as below may be used.
…………..(3)
[0060] In an embodiment, the temperature control may be performed by balancing the AFEs (T1, T2, …, Tm) temperature depending on the balancing status of each of the balancing Field Effect Transistors (FETs). The temperature control may be performed using the below equation.
……………...(4)
[0061] A controller designed with the equation (4) may result in a form as shown in the below equation:
……………………………….(5)
[0062] A hardware used for testing the balancing controller, i.e., the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) may use a single AFE for controlling all the balancing FETs, resulting in the simplified equations for controller design as shown below:
………………(6)
……………………………………………….(7)
[0063] An effective balancing controller may be implemented by sorting gains K1 through Kn in the order of imbalance, i.e., the cell with the largest delta in voltage or SOC from the cell with the lowest SOC is assigned the largest numerical gain Kk.
[0064] With reference to FIG. 5, at step 510, the method may include detecting a voltage and a current of cells in a battery pack (220) by one or more sensors (202) as shown in FIG. 2A.
[0065] At step 520, the method may include detecting the temperature of components of the battery pack (220) by the one or more sensors (202). The method may perform detection of the voltage and the current of the cells in the battery pack (220) and the temperature of components of the battery pack (220) simultaneously.
[0066] At step 530, the method may include determining a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the cells based on the voltage and the current of the cells by the imbalance controller (206). The method may include determining the cell with maximum imbalance and prioritizing the cells based on the imbalance. The method may include generating one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cells.
[0067] At step 540, the method may include maintaining the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220) within a predefined threshold value by a thermal controller (208) based on the temperature detected by the one or more sensors (202). The method may include generating one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220).
[0068] At step 550, the output balancing commands, duty cycles D1 to Dn obtained from steps 530 and 540 may vary between 0 to 1, thereby resulting in PWM control of the balancing circuits for optimum balancing of the battery pack (220). The method may include estimating a minimum duty cycle from the one or more cell balancing duty cycles generated at step 530 and at step 540.
[0069] At step 560, the method may include sending balancing FET commands based on the minimum duty cycle to the battery pack (220) to balance the cells of the battery pack (220). The method may use the minimum duty cycle to ensure fastest balancing while maintaining the temperature of the components of the battery pack (220).
[0070] FIGs. 6A and 6B illustrate exemplary representations (600A, 600B) for implementing a method for balancing a battery pack of an electric vehicle, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0071] With reference to FIGs. 6A and 6B, at steps 610 and 620, the method may include detecting a voltage and a current of each cell in a battery pack (220).
[0072] At steps 630 and 640, the method may include determining a terminal voltage and a state of charge of each cell based on the voltage and the current of each cell of the battery pack (220). The method may include generating cell balancing duty cycle for each cell based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of each cell.
[0073] At step 650, the method may include determining a minimum duty cycle among the cell balancing duty cycles of all the cells in the battery pack (220).
[0074] At step 660, the method may include detecting the temperature of each component of the battery pack (220). The method may perform detection of the voltage and the current of each cell in the battery pack (220) and the temperature of each component of the battery pack (220) simultaneously. The method may include maintaining the temperature of each component of the battery pack (220) within a predefined threshold value. The method may include generating cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of each component of the battery pack (220).
[0075] At step 670, the method may include generating, via a signal bus, an array of duty cycles based on the generated cell balancing duty cycles and determining the minimum duty cycle from the array of duty cycles.
[0076] At step 680, the method may include providing balancing FET commands based on the minimum duty cycle, determined at step 660, to the battery pack (220) to balance each cell of the battery pack (220).
[0077] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary flow chart for implementing a proposed method 700, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0078] With reference to FIG. 7, at step 710, the method (700) may include simultaneously detecting a voltage and a current of each cell in a battery pack (220), and a temperature of each component of the battery pack (220).
[0079] At step 720, the method (700) may include determining a terminal voltage and a state of charge of each cell based on the voltage and the current of each cell of the battery pack (220).
[0080] At step 730, the method (700) may include estimating cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of each cell, and cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of each component of the battery pack (220).
[0081] At step 740, the method (700) may include determining a minimum duty cycle among the cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0082] At step 750, the method (700) may include balancing each cell of the battery pack (220) based on the minimum duty cycle being determined among the cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0083] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the disclosure, other and further embodiments of the disclosure may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the disclosure is determined by the claims that follow. The disclosure is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which are included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the present disclosure when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
[0084] The present disclosure provides a method and a system for balancing battery pack of vehicles, for example, electric vehicles (EVs) in an efficient and a cost-effective manner.
[0085] The present disclosure provides a system that determines a terminal voltage and a state of charge of cells of battery pack to balance the battery pack.
[0086] The present disclosure provides a system that estimates cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cells, and cell balancing duty cycles based on temperature of components of the battery pack to balance the battery pack.
[0087] The present disclosure provides a system that balances the cell based on a minimum duty cycle being estimated between the cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.
[0088] The present disclosure provides a system that simultaneously balances the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the cell based on a predefined threshold limit, and maintains the temperature of the components of the battery pack within a predefined threshold value.
[0089] The present disclosure determines the cells with maximum imbalance, prioritizes the maximum imbalanced cells, and balances the cells based on the priority while simultaneously maintaining the temperature of the components of the battery pack.

List of References:
System (210)
Sensor(s) (202)
State Estimator (204)
Imbalance Controller (206)
Thermal controller (208)
Battery/Battery Pack (220)
Signal Selector (302)

, Claims:1. A method (700) for balancing a battery pack (220) of an electric vehicle, the method (700) comprising:
simultaneously detecting (710), by a cell balancing system (210), a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack (220), and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack (220);
determining (720), by the cell balancing system (210), a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell;
estimating (730), by the cell balancing system (210), one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the at least one cell, and one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220); and
balancing (750), by the cell balancing system (210), the at least one cell based on a minimum duty cycle being estimated between the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature.

2. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one component of the battery pack (220) comprises at least one of: an Analog Front End (AFE) chip of the battery pack, a balancing resistor of the battery pack, and the at least one cell of the battery pack.

3. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage and the state of charge, and the one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the temperature vary between 0 to 1.

4. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein balancing (750), by the cell balancing system (210), the at least one cell comprises controlling, by the cell balancing system (210), pulse width modulation of the at least one component of the battery pack (220).

5. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein balancing (750), by the cell balancing system (210), the at least one cell comprises determining and prioritizing the at least one cell with maximum imbalance and balancing the at least one cell based on the priority.

6. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, wherein balancing (750), by the cell balancing system (210), the at least one cell comprises simultaneously balancing, by the cell balancing system (210), the terminal voltage and the state of charge of the at least one cell based on a predefined threshold limit, and maintaining, by the cell balancing system (210), the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220).

7. The method (700) as claimed in claim 6, wherein maintaining, by the cell balancing system (210), the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220) comprises determining, by the cell balancing system (210), that the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220) is within a predefined threshold value.

8. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, comprising balancing (750), by the cell balancing system (210), the battery pack (210) of the electric vehicle in at least one of: a charging state of the electric vehicle, a driving state of the electric vehicle, and a rest state of the electric vehicle.

9. The method (700) as claimed in claim 1, comprising reducing, by the cell balancing system (210), a generation of heat in the battery pack (220) of the electric vehicle by maintaining the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220).

10. A cell balancing system (210) in a battery pack (220) of an electric vehicle, the cell balancing system (210) comprising:
one or more sensors (202) to simultaneously detect a voltage and a current of at least one cell of a plurality of cells in the battery pack (220), and a temperature of at least one component of the battery pack (220);
an imbalance controller (206) operatively coupled with the one or more sensors (202) to determine a terminal voltage and a state of charge of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells based on the voltage and the current of the at least one cell of the plurality of cells; and
a thermal controller (208) operatively coupled with the one or more sensors (202) and the imbalance controller (206), and adapted to maintain the temperature of the at least one component of the battery pack (220) within a predefined threshold value,
wherein the imbalance controller (206) and the thermal controller (208) are to generate one or more cell balancing duty cycles based on the terminal voltage, the state of charge, and the temperature, and estimate a minimum duty cycle from the one or more cell balancing duty cycles to balance the at least one cell of the plurality of cells of the battery pack (220).