FORM 2
THE PATENTS ACT, 1970
(39 of 1970)
&
THE PATENTS RULES, 2003
COMPLETE SPECIFICATION
(See Section 10; rule 13)
DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LIGHT OUTPUT KEROSENE WICK LAMP'
INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED of the address: G-9, Ali Yavar Jung Marg, Bandra (East), Mumbai-400051, India.
The following specification particularly describes and ascertains the nature of this invention and the manner in which it has to be performed:

Field of Invention:
Nearly 60% of kerosene being consumed in our country is used for lighting purposes. Though more than 85.9% villages in India have been electrified but only 31% of households have got electricity connection. Based on these facts, it is estimated that there are 70-80 million households in the country are dependent upon kerosene based lighting appliances. In the urban area, kerosene based lighting appliances are also used as stand by arrangement required to be used during electricity cut hour. Poor families residing in slums in urban areas also use kerosene based lighting appliances.
Commonly used lamps and lanterns don't give adequate working light. A lamp of high light output and moderate kerosene consumption rate is needed to be developed so that people can be benefited of adequate working light, it should also be suitable for study purpose. With this background the work was taken up at IOCL R&D Centre, Faridabad to develop a high light output kerosene wick lamp with moderate kerosene consumption rate. It provides adequate working light and can be used in rural as well as urban areas. This will be also useful for other developing/underdeveloped countries.
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Background of the Invention:
In rural areas, the commonly used lighting appliances include wick lamp/ diyas, hurricane lantern and petromax. The above three types of appliances are covered under IS: 9557, IS: 1238 and IS: 1384 respectively. Generally lamp/diya and hurricane lantern are used by maximum population. Petromax being the costlier appliance and of high running cost, is used by limited people. Petromax is found giving luminous efficiency in the range of 16 to 20 lumen-Hr./g at a burning rate varying from 73 to 80 g/Hr. The common lamp and lanterns available in the country give light output from 0.4 to 4.0 lux. The highest efficient lantern gives light output of maximum 6.0 lux. The luminous efficiency of hurricane lantern is found in the range of 2.3 to 3.29 lumen-Hr./g and kerosene consumption rate is in the range of 10 to 20 g/Hr. As regards the wick lamp, the kerosene consumption varies from 3 to 45g/Hr and luminous efficiency in the range of 1.70 to 3.7 lumen-Hr./g. A few lamps e.g. "Favourite" lamp which is already available in the Indian market has been found giving light output maximum of 8.0 lux but its lighting efficiency is very poor due to high kerosene consumption rate i.e. approximately 45 g/hr. These lamps are also very costly and expensive due to higher kerosene consumption rate. The kerosene wick lamps covered under IS: 9557 are of two types - solid round wick lamp and single flat wick lamp types.
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The performance of kerosene lighting appliances as per current Indian standards is given in table 1. The performance of energy efficient lighting device namely Nutan Deep wick lamps (type I and. II) and Nutan Jyoti Hurricane lantern earlier developed by Indian Oil Corporation R&D centre are given in table 2.
Table-1: Performance of kerosene devices as per current Indian Standards

Appliance Type Light Output, min. (in Lumens) Luminous Efficiency(Lum-Hr/g)
Hurricane Lanterns (IS 1238) Type I Type II 56.5 (4.49 lux) 75.4 (5.99 lux) 3.14 3.14
Wick Lamp (IS :9557) Type I Type II - 1.88 3.14
Pressure Lanterns (IS: 1384) I 1256 (99.92 lux) 37.7
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Table 2: Performance of energy efficient Nutan Deep Wick Lamps and Nutan Jyoti Hurricane lantern

Appliance type Kerosene burning rate(g/Hr.) Light output (lux) Luminous Efficiency (Lum-Hr/g)
Nutan Deep 1 5.0 1.0 2.5
Nutan Deep II 16.0 5.8 4.5
Nutan Jyoti Hurricane Lantern 21.0 6.0 3.6
Based on above facts, the following conclusions can be drawn from the existing art of kerosene wick lamp.
• Except Nutan Deep I & II and Nutan Jyoti Hurricane lantern, other kerosene wick lamps and lanterns do not meet BIS specifications.
• Lamp of adequate working light output with moderate kerosene consumption rate is not available.
Objective of the invention:
The main objective of the present invention is to provide a kerosene wick lamp of high light output.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide high light output at
moderate kerosene consumption rate with improved combustion efficiency.
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Another objective is to provide adequate working light and suitable for study purpose.
Still another objective is to provide an accessory in the lamp for using the mosquito repellent for health care.
Description of the invention
To meet the above objectives, the present invention provides high light output of over 10 lux using kerosene as fuel, capable of giving adequate working light and suitable for study at moderate kerosene consumption rate of nearly 35g/hr with luminous efficiency of 3.64 lumens-hr/g. This has been achieved thru' improved kerosene burning mechanism for higher light output which is based on altogether different concept.
The invented wick lamp consists of fuel container(1), flat wick(2), perforated burner base(6), wick guiding assembly(7), inner heat restrictor(9), flame guiding cone(8), suitably designed air diverter i.e. window(4) with baffle plate(5), glass chimney{16) and means for repelling mosquitoes(17). The salient features of different parts of the wick lamp are mentioned below:
Fuel Container (Fig. 1); It can be made of glass or metal (steel, brass etc.). It has a capacity of 500 ml. Kerosene. Only three fourth of its capacity is required to be filled with kerosene fuel. The fuel container (1) provide seating

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base for lamp burner assembly. The flat wick remains dipped in the kerosene kept in the container. The container has flat round base which provide a stable sitting base.
Flat wick (Fig. 1): This is a specially designed flat cotton wick (2) of 68 mm width and 1.9 mm thickness. It provides efficient wicking action for efficient burning of kerosene. It takes a round shape in wick guiding assembly when it is raised by wick winder (3) to give the desired light output.
Perforated burner base (Fig. 1 and 2): It is made of brass. It provides proper seats for wick guiding assembly (7), flame guiding cone (8) and glass chimney (16). It has ratchet (made of brass) type wick winder (3) which helps in raising and lowering the wick through which a desired tight output can be obtained. It is made of round shape. Perforations are provided on the side all around and at the bottom for sufficient air intake. It helps in proper combustion of kerosene fuel to enable the lamp to give high light output. It is so designed that sufficient flow of primary and preheated secondary air is ensured. The proper mixing of air with fuel in primary and secondary stages helps in efficient combustion of kerosene resulting in high light output. It has threaded base at the bottom for secured sitting with fuel container (1) which takes care of fuel leakage from its sitting place. On the top of the burner glass chimney guides are provided with spring action which helps in holding the glass chimney firmly in vertical position. It does not allow the glass chimney to fail down when the lamp is tilted.
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Wick guiding assembly (Fig. 1): It is made of mild steel sheet and anodized for longer life. It is made of inner tube (10) and outer tube (11) which provides annular space for movement of wick. The outer tube is made of two parts viz. the outer bottom cone (12) and outer top cone (13) as shown in Figure 5. Top cone (13) has outer bending of edge (14) on the top which provides hindrance in flow of secondary air in association with flame guiding cone (8) allowing more time of mixing the secondary air with flame. This provides the bright flame (15). The inner tube (10) and outer tube (11) has been provided with a unique window (4) on which a baffle plate (5) (Fig. 6) sits upon and prevent air directly hitting the opposite wall. It facilitates proper mixing of air with fuel all around the top of the wick (2). Provision of uniquely designed window(4) with baffle plate(5) diverts the primary air to enter inside the inner tube(10) from top and bottom of the baffle(5) so that proper mixing of primary air with fuel is ensured for obtaining uniform cylindrical flame(15) all around the top of the wick(2). Inner heat restrictor(9) (Fig. 3) placed on top of inner tube(10) of wick guiding assembly(7) allow more time for mixing the air with fuel and restricts heat traveling down in the inner tube(10) of wick guiding assembly(7). The innovative design of wick guiding assembly (7) with inner heat restrictor (9), window (4) with baffle plate (5) and flame guiding cone (8) has resulted in high light output with moderate fuel consumption.
Flame guiding cone (Fig. 1 and 4): It is made of mild steel sheet and is chrome plated for its increased life. It sits on seat provided on the top of perforated burner base (6). It is so designed that a desired gap between top cone bent edge (14) and its inner surface is obtained. Also a required gap
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between generated flame and top of flame guiding cone (8) is maintained. It allows more time to get the secondary air heated and mixed with flame. It also helps in obtaining the uniform cylindrical flame (15) all around the top of the wick.
Glass chimney (Fig. 1 and 7): It is made of glass of high transparency with no air bubbles. It has a controlled wall thickness. It is of tubular shape having lower portion of bigger diameter and upper portion of reduced diameter. It is designed to create suitable draft for sufficient air intake for efficient combustion of kerosene resulting in high light output with moderate kerosene consumption.
Performance of invented wick lamp:
Performance evaluation was carried out as per BIS specification IS 9557-1980 for its performance related to light output, kerosene consumption rate and luminous efficiency. The result obtained is given below.

Lamp Mean Horizontal KCR in Luminous Efficiency
luminous intensity in Lux g/hr. in Lumens Hr./g.
New Nutan Deep -III with 10.55 35.38 3.69
higher light output
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List of figures
Figure 1: Kerosene wick lamp
Figure 2: Perforated burner base
Figure 3: Inner heat restrictor
Figure 4: Flame guiding cone
Figure 5: Top cone
Figure 6: Baffle
Figure 7: Glass chimney
Description of above figures alongwith their function has been given above under heading Description of invention.
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We Claim:
1. A high light output kerosene wick lamp with moderate fuel consumption rate comprising: a fuel container(l), flat wick(2), a round shaped brass perforated burner base(6) with optimized perforations, a glass chimney(16) to suck sufficient fresh air into the burner from the outside atmosphere, a flame guiding cone(8) positioned on the top of said perforated burner base(6) and made up of chrome plated steel sheet, means for repelling mosquitoes(17) and a wick guiding assembly(4) which is made up of anodized steel sheet, said wick guiding assembly(8) being made of an inner tube(10) and an outer tube(11) to provide annular space for the movement of wick(2)) with the help of wick winder(3), said outer tube(11) having two parts, a bottom outer cone(12) and an outer top cone(13) characterized in that said outer top cone(13) has an outer bending of edge(14) on the top which provides hindrance in flow of secondary air in association with said flame guiding cone(8) thereby allowing more time of mixing the secondary air with flame to give desired bright light; said inner tube(10) and said outer tube(11) having a unique window(4) on which a baffle plate(5) is positioned to prevent air directly hitting the opposite wall of the inner tube(10) and reducing the velocity of air thereby to facilitate proper mixing of air with fuel all around the wick and diverting the primary air to enter inside the inner tube (10) from top and bottom of the baffle(5) in order to ensure proper mixing of primary air with fuel to get uniform cylindrical flame(15) all around the top of the wick(2), the top of the
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said inner tube(10) of wick guiding assembly having a inner heat restrictor(9) for allowing more time for mixing the air with fuel and thereby protecting the heat traveling down in the inner tube(10) of the wick guiding assembly(7) to obtain desired high light output with low consumption of kerosene oil.
2. A high light output kerosene wick lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fuel container(l) has a flat round base to provide a stable sitting base for whole lamp and has a minimum fuel capacity of 500 ml.
3. A high light output kerosene wick lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said perforated burner base (6) has a brass ratchet type wick winder (3) positioned to help in raising and lowering the wick through which a desired light output can be controlled, said burner base having perforations on the side all around and at the bottom for sufficient air intake and to ensure sufficient flow of primary and preheated secondary air.
4. A high light output kerosene wick lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said flame guiding cone (8) constructed in a manner that a desired gap between top cone bent edge (14) and its inner surface is obtained and a required gap between generated flame and its top is maintained in order to allow more time to for heating of secondary air and mixing thereof with flame resulting in uniform cylindrical flame (15) all around the wick to give high light output.
5. A high light output kerosene wick lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said glass chimney (16) is made up of high transparency glass with no air bubbles and controlled wall thickness, and has tubular shape having
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lower portion of bigger diameter and upper portion of reduced diameter and constructed to create suitable draft for sufficient air intake for efficient combustion of kerosene resulting in high light output with moderate kerosene consumption.
6. A high light output kerosene wick lamp as claimed in claim 1 wherein said means for repelling mosquitoes (17) is positioned proximate the flame(18) which gets heated with the flame to help the fumigation of the mosquito repellant agent already positioned on the said means(17).
7. A high light output kerosene wick lamp giving light output of above 10 lux with kerosene consumption of approximately 35 gms/hr as claimed in any of the preceding claim 1 to 6.
8. A high light output kerosene wick lamp substantially as herein described with reference to the foregoing description, tables and the accompanying drawings.

Dated this 23rd day of March , 2006
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DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH LIGHT OUTPUT KEROSENE WICK LAMP

ABSTRACT

The present invention discloses a high light output kerosene wick lamp with
moderate kerosene invention kerosene as fuel, capable of giving adequate working light and suitable for study at moderate kerosene consumption rate. This has been achieved thru' improved kerosene burning mechanism for higher light output which is based on altogether different concept. The innovative design of wick guiding assembly (7) with inner heat restrictor (9), window (4) with baffle plate (5) and flame guiding cone (8) has resulted in high light output with moderate fuel consumption.
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